Dual Power Source Switching Control to Li-Ion

Battery Charger for Medical Power System

Applications
Mounir Ouremchi Ahmed Rahali Abdellali Elboutahiri
Department of physics FSDM, Sidi Laboratory of Computer Science and Department of physics FSDM, Sidi
Mohamed Ben Abbellah University Interdisciplinary Physics, ENS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abbellah University
Fez, Morocco Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez, Morocco
Fez, Morocco

Karim El Khadiri Ahmed Tahiri Hassan Qjidaa

Laboratory of Computer Science and Laboratory of Computer Science and Department of physics FSDM, Sidi
Interdisciplinary Physics, ENS, Sidi Interdisciplinary Physics, ENS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abbellah University
Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez, Morocco
Fez, Morocco Fez, Morocco

Ahmed Lakhssassi
Laboratory of Advanced Microsystems
Engineering
Univserity of Quebec in Ouatouais
Ottawa, Canada

Abstract—This work describes the design and simulation of
a dual power source switching control to Li-Ion battery charger
for medical power system applications. The proposed circuit
consist of two sections. First section is a dual power source
switching control used to switching between the main power and
the backup battery power and a Li-Ion battery charger used to
control the charging and discharging li-Ion battery. The goal of
the study is to propose a new architecture for the power
multiplexer without incurring significant efficiency degradation
or cost is a tricky challenge and a control method of charging
and discharging lithium-ion battery to prolong its lifetime.
Keywords— Dual power source switch, Li-Ion battery charger,
low loss output
I. INTRODUCTION
In many industries and medical power system
applications, dual power source design is often used to ensure
that the equipment runs continuously, even when the main
power supply is shut down. However, Switching between the
main power and the backup battery power without incurring
significant efficiency degradation or cost is a tricky challenge.
Generally, the simplest method is to connect the main
power supply and the backup power supply to the anodes of
two diodes respectively, and the cathodes of the two diodes
are coupled together to the load [1,2]. This method is simple
and the problem of mutual feedback between the two power
supplies can be avoided. However, in addition to the output
voltage loss due to the diode voltage drop, when the power
voltages of the dual power supplies are relatively close, both
power sources will supply power to the load simultaneously.
Therefore, it is not suitable for dual power switching
applications.
From the previous description, it is understood that the
circuit design for automatic switching between the main
power supply and the backup power supply must meet the
following functional requirements:
1. When the main power is present, the equipment is
supported by the main power supply; when the main power
supply is shut down, the automatic switch is applied to allow
the backup power supply to support the equipment.
2. The two sets of power sources must be completely
independent and cannot mutually give feedback to each other.
3. Voltage loss due to switching should be reduced as
much as possible, regardless of whether the power supply is
switched to the main or backup power source.
The major contributions of this paper include: The design
of an innovative dual power source switch circuit with a low
loss output and a high efciency Li-ion battery synchronous
switching regulator based charger IC which adopted a three-
mode control: trickle constant current, fast constant current,
and constant voltage modes.
This paper is organized as follows: Section II escribe the
proposed dual power control using power multiplexer
techniques; Te architecture and the functionality of the
proposed Li-ion battery non-inverting buck-boost converter
are illustrated in Section III ; Simulation results are shown in
Section IV. Finally, the conclusion is remarked in Section V.
II. DUAL POWER CONTROL USING POWER MULTIPLEXER
TECHNIQUES
Offline systems that require constant power through power
outages often use a battery for backup power when the
primary (offline) power source goes down. Fig. 1 shows a
common approach for backup multiplexer power – a charging
circuit is used from the primary supply to ensure the battery is
constantly charged during primary power operation. When the
primary power falls below the minimum acceptable supply
voltage, the backup battery is switched in to provide power to

978-1-7281-4420-7 / 19 / 31,00 $ © 2019 IEEE

the load by a Power MUX and the battery charger is disabled. more expensive solutions. The low nominal Iq of the TPS3701
The Power MUX must switch the loads without allowing the (7 μA) with the additional resistor current
supply voltage to the load to drop below critical levels, and consumption of 21 μA, gives a total current of only 28 μA
operate at very low bias currents when the battery is in use in when the secondary input is selected. The
order to maximize the battery lifetime during power outages. threshold accuracy of the TPS3701 is 0.75%, and assuming
1% resistors are used for the sense resistor
divider, the total accuracy of the threshold voltages are
approximately 1.75%.

Fig. 1. Battery Backup Block Diagram

The proposed dual power control is a high voltage window Fig. 3. Functional Timing Diagram
comparator well suited to provide the signal detection required
for the power path controller circuitry. Its high voltage The dual power path multiplexer presented in this design
capability (36 V max.) yields a robust voltage range for 12 V features the ability to allow either supply (battery or primary)
to 24 V systems. The low Iq (7 μA nominal) makes it capable to operate at a higher voltage. Fig. 3 shows the behavior of the
of providing detection with minimal current consumption. circuit when the VPRI or VSEC voltages cross the UVLO
threshold voltages. The rail selection is determined by the
The implementation architecture for the power programmed UVLO threshold voltage levels at each rail with
multiplexer can be seen in Fig. 2. The switches are the primary rail given priority; see Table 2 for the logic states.
implemented with dual P-type MOSFETS with the sources
connected to block any positive or negative current flow when
the VGS voltage of the MOSFET is higher than the respective
device threshold. The TPS3701 is used to detect the voltages TABLE I. POWER MUX RAIL SELECTION TRUTH TABLE
at the primary and secondary rails [3]. The outputs of the Primary Power Supply Secondary Power Power to Load
voltage supervisor, along with additional circuitry, will Supply (VOUT)
control the gates of the switches, ensuring that only one
channel is connected at a time and the desired priority logic is VPRI > VUVLOPRI VSEC > VUVLOSEC VPRI
enforced. VPRI > VUVLOPRI VSEC < VUVLOSEC VPRI
VPRI < VUVLOPRI VSEC > VUVLOSEC VSEC
VPRI < VUVLOPRI VSEC < VUVLOSEC Disconnect

A. Schematic.

Fig. 2. Power Multiplexer Block Diagram

This simple approach can offer a lower current

consumption and higher threshold accuracy than other Fig. 4. Schematic

B. Scope Plots
Fig. 5. VPRI Startup. VSEC = 0 V, Load = 65 Ω
III. PROPOSED LI-ION BATTER NON-INVERTING BUCK-
BOOST CONVERTER
The proposed integrated non-inversing buck-boost DC–
DC converter with dual-mode control is composed of a power
stage, a current feedback loop (CFL) circuit, a voltage
feedback loop (VFL) circuit and a control logic driver circuit
as is shown in Fig. 6 [4]. The power stage contains
four NMOS-LDMOS power switches which have very low
on-resistance, an inductor, and an output capacitor.
The output DC voltage Vbat is given by the following
formula:
ܸ‫ݒ݉ݓ݌ܦ ݐݑ݋‬ ‫ܦ‬
ൌ ൌ
ܸ݅݊ ‫ ͳ ܿ݉ݓ݌ܦ‬െ ‫ܦ‬
Where Vin is the input supply, Dpwmv is the duty cycles
of PWMV signals driving M1 and M3 and Dpwmc is the
duty cycles of PWMC signals driving M2 and M4.
The DC–DC converter use a combination of buck-boost
converter and boost converter mode to charge the battery.
In case of Li-ion, the constant current (CC) and the constant
voltage (CV) charging algorithm is used to charge
the battery.
When battery charging system is operating in a current
mode charging, the duty cycle of the PMWC (Dpwmc) is
lower than the duty cycle of the PWMV (Dpwmv) and thus
controls the operation of phase frequency detector high
(PFDH). As the voltage of battery increase, Dpwmc and
Dpwmv begin to approach one another. When the working
cycles are approximately equal (Dpwmc = Dpwmv)
the control of the operation of PFDH passes PWMC to
PWMV. As such, the battery charging operation transits
seamlessly from a current charging mode controlled by a
current feedback loop in a voltage charging mode controlled
by VFL. To control the operation of this circuit, the
algorithm which can be used for in Li-ion battery charger
is given in Fig. 7.

Fig. 6. Block diagram of the proposed Li-ion battery charging with a

buck-bust DC–DC converter

The non-inverting buck-boost converter is controlled

by two PWM signals; a pulse width modulated current
(PWMC) and a pulse width modulated voltage (PWMV).
As summarized in Table II, the converter can be used as
a buck converter, as a boost converter or as a buck-boost
converter by selecting different combinations of switches
M1, M2, M3 and M4 [5,6]. Fig. 7. Li-ion battery charger flowchart.

TABLE II. OPERATION MODES ACCORDING TO SWITCH COMBINATIONS The Block diagram of the proposed Li-ion battery
Mode M1 and M3 M2 and M4 charging with the proposed dual power control is shown in
Buck Switching with Dpwmv = D Off (Dpwmc = 1-D) Fig. 8.
Boost On (Dpwmv = 1) Switching with Dpwmc
Buck-Boost Switching with Dpwmv Switching with Dpwmc

Fig. 8. Block diagram of the proposed Li-ion battery charging with the
proposed dual power control
IV. SIMULATION AND RESULTS
The simulation results are shown in the fig. 7.
Fig. 9. Charging a lead battery
The blue curve: charge current of the battery (A).
The green curve: charge voltage of the battery (V).
In this graph, there is a phase transition that takes a few
milliseconds followed by a phase of constant current charge
which lasts about 40ms .- depends on the capacity of the
battery to be charged - and finally charging phase at constant
voltage and decreasing current. For this simulation, a model
of lead acid battery of low capacity is chosen to fastly see the
charging algorithm.
The charge current is programmed at 4 A, the current and
the charge voltage values are respectively set at 10 A and
4.5V. These input values have effectively been achieved
during the simulation.
V. CONCLUSIONS
Several simulations and tests were made using a model of
a Li-Ion battery of 4.5V and dual power control with input
13.5V . The charging process of this battery goes through an
algorithm of three main phases are shown in fig.9:
x The transition phase (unstable) takes some
milliseconds.
x The constant current phase (I = 4A) it depends on the
capacity of the battery.
x The constant voltage phase: during this phase the
battery keeps charging until the cancellation of the
charge current.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the National Center for
Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST Morocco) under
the PPR2 program.
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