for the MICHIGAN ECPE > * * * * * BIT rere ag * n STUDENT BOOK, Lal Express PublishingModule 4 2 Pee Grammar ___ectve Clases (eam - p Practice [oem Presi ‘Weiting I! (pp, 50-58) Aticles Revision & Extension Writing (Modules 1-2) Reading | Listening Writing Ml (pp. 76-78) Proposals Information | Digital Passive Voice/Personal/ Information Mp crooner Technology Impersonal Constructions | Overload? (pp. 56-61) > | i Exam Practice = (Pars 12) The Social Robotics & The Social Apnea cowie Pasa (pp. 62-67) Exam ‘Exam Practice Practice (Pon'2) Wirsess [Causative Foritinkng _|WoFi Technology | Words/Expessing Purpose |Snoops = Clases of Maer [Concession | Bear a [Practice 5am Pract ail Speaking itd pics” ‘Space ‘Verb Tenses/Subject - Progress Summary ‘the Stars. Resources Object Pronouns/ Singular into the — | I top. 6-1) “Phra Nouns Sirs Exam Proce = tare 123) Global Enon iba Debate Dimming ining top 2-19 _— 1 Exam Exam Practice Practice | (Part 2) Conserving |Consonain |Acectues = Adverbs” Conserving | Speakers Deusen Forests | Comparisons/ Expressing Forests (pp. 18-25) | simitarty/Cien sentences ae am Practee (Stages 1-3) [Ber er (Exam Practice | | ating Ip. 26-29) Fora Against Eosays Growing on |Biotg)& Summary You Homan (ep.96-95) [Meath - Exam Practice tare 123) ne Nano Diet Food & Tie Nano Ustewng for — |Presenaton onset en Oat doth Scam Exam Pracice [Practice (Pant2) Ghostin the Genetics Paricile/Expressing —_GhostinLstering for Dacusion Mowe Reason &ReaitvRedied the Gene | dtl (pp. 42-49) Exam Practice (Stages 1-5) Discussion Ps] Paragraph (problem solution)/Digital Presentation renewable energy) _| Presentation {aerosols and their effects) Educational brochure (deforestation and its offects) Paragraph (opinion) ParagraphModule 4 Module 5 — Module 6 — ry Ped ory er) Speal tind Pec) Rr Exam Practice V Exam Practice V Makingthe Language [Reported Speech | Taking the Paragraph Tawk Taw : (opinion) : =| xa Pra | (Parts 183) | What Kited — |Archasology ] Presentation | Paragrash King Tut? : | (opinion) (6-85.91) Exam Practice | (Part 2) |, the Mozart Subjunctvelinversion’ |The Mozart Listening for Paragraph tect [ |Tag Questions Effect ete {opinion (pp. 92-99) | Exam Practice Presentation (Stages 1-5) (mous : | | composers) V Exam Practice IV Jon & Extension Writing (Modules 34) pp. 14-105) "Doodle —[Personaity|Condforalshvixed Doodle [Note taking | Surmaizing [Paragraph Dingnosis condtionalsInversion Diagnosis | (opinion) (op. 106-111) in clauses Exam Practice : : parts 183) E-Philanthropy Philanthropy |E-Philanthropy Note taking jscussion Paragraph (for me on = td span) Exam Practice “Exam Practice, : | eas (ee arta) “The Aging |Socallesues Wishes/Urweai Past- The Aging Listening for | Speech Homeless Preter-Woud Rather |Homeloss | detall eects pcr | |__| clauses/Time Clauses ~~ Exam Practice | (Stages 1-5) Ri Exam Practice VI Exam Practice VI Writing VI (pp. 180-183) Cause and Effect Essays sion & Extension Writing (Modules 1-6) (pp. 154-155) isting V (pp. 126-120) Essays Analyzing Problams and Offering Solutions Oneina — [Porcening me | Modals TOne in a Disoussion Summary Mition| wd Mion (op. 190-135) “Exam Practice | - | (Paris 1&3) Swarm Arimalbehavior | Sam Discussion Inteligence |inttigence (op. 1964) - eet Summary Exam Practice Exam Practice | Honeybees’ Animal —_Pural Nouns/Countable/Honeyboes: Oral Quiz Paragraph (bee Dance Communication |Uncountable Nouns! Dance | communication) top 14214) |ovantiers Presentation’ | (enimal - ___|eommurication Exam Practice {Stages 1-5) Grammar Reference (pp. 157-194) ‘Speaking Appendix (pp. 195-206) Vocabulary Appendices (pp. 208-216) Iregular Verbs {Ustening, Speaking & Wing Appenehx(. 207)‘The EXAMINATION FOR THE CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH is designed for students who have acquired a proficient ‘competence in English language use. It is an assessment instrument for Mastery Level (C2), Proficient User on the Common European Framework ‘Scale. Ittests students’ abiity in receptive and productive skills: writing, lstenig, reading, and speaking, The ECPE consists of four sections. Writing section The writing section offers test takers a choice of two options - the first option is either an article or proposal, the second is an essay — in which they have to consider multiple points of view. Test takers refer to sources provided in the form of simple charts, graphs, or quotations. There is no word limit, but test takers are advised to write one-and-a-half to two pages. Test takers have 45, minutes to complete the task. Writing Assessment Criteria ‘Task Completion: * On topic * Multiple viewpoints + Test taker's opinion, * Source integration Development: « Depth of support * Organization Language: * Grammatical control * Vocabulary range and usage Authorial Voice: * Originality + Reader engagement, The writing section is reported in five bands: High Pass (HP), Pass (P), Low Pass (LP), Bordertine Fail (BF), Fall (F). Listening section ‘The listening section comprises 50 items and is to be completed in approximately 50 minutes. There are three parts to this section. The recording and the questions are heard only once in Parts 1 and 2. The recording Is heard twice in Part 3 and the questions are heard once. Part 1 (20 total items) Each item consists of a short recorded conversation followed by a question. The question is printed in the booklet. There are four answer options for each item. Part 2 (18 total items, 3 sets) Each set consists of a short talk delivered by a single speaker followed by six questions each. The questions are printed in the booklet. There are four answer options for each item. Part 3 (12 total items, 2 sets) Each set consists of recorded talks with three ‘or four speakers followed by six comprehension questions each. The questions are printed in the booklet. There are three answer options for each item. ‘The minimum passing grade for this section is approximately 65%,Reading section (Grammar, Cloze, Vocabulary, and Reading) ‘The Reading section (Grammar, Cloze, Vocabulary, and Reading) comprises 70 items and is to be completed in §5 minutes. The questions have four answer choices each, and are divided as follows: Reading: Grammar ~ 16 multiple-choice grammar items Reading: Cloze _- 20 multiple-choice cloze items, based on two passages. Reading: Vocabulary - 16 multiple-choice vocabulary items Reading — 18 multiple-choice reading items, based on three passages ‘The minimum passing grade for this section is approximately 65%, Speaking section ‘The ECPE speaking section is divided into 5 stages. The entire speaking test lasts about 30 minutes in the paired format and about 35-40 minutes inthe three-way format, It involves two examiners and two (or three) test takers taking part in a decision-making task ‘STAGE 1: Introductions and Small Tak (3-5 minutes) ‘An examiner wil start with introductions and then move on to a brief conversation with the two test takers. General topics covered include: studies, jobs, leisure activites, etc STAGE 2: Explaining and Recommending (5-7 minutes) Each test taker will be given an information sheet with descriptions of two different options. Test takers are given 2-3 minutes to go over the sheet and can take notes if they want to, However, test takers are not allowed to see their partner's information sheet. Then, they take turns describing the features of their two options to each other. Upon listening to their partner, test takers will make a brief recommendation (ust stating the name) of the best option presented by their partner. Finally, each test taker reports which of their own options is the best. STAGE 3: Consensus Reaching (5-7 minutes) In the third stage, the test takers come to a consensus, agreeing on one single “option. They do this by comparing and contrasting the options they have individually cchasen, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each option. The aim of this stage is for both test takers to agree on one single option. Test takers are stil not alowed to look at each others information sheet. STAGE 4: Presenting and Convincing (5-7 minutes) In the fourth stage, test takers give a formal presentation of their chosen option to Examiner 2, who plays the part of a person of authority (e.g., ahigh schoo! principal ‘a mayor, etc.) Test takers are given 2-3 minutes to work together and plan their presentation. Each test taker selects two different points from the information sheet land must use these to give reasons for supporting their option, explaining why these reasons are important. STAGE 5: Justifying and Defending (6-7 minutes) Examiner 2 will ask each test taker questions or make challenging statements about the decision they've made. The test takers try to justify and defend their decision. ‘The speaking section is scored using a S-level rubric and is reported in five bands: High Pass (HP), Pass (P), Low Pass (LP), Borderline Fail (BF), Fal (F).+ BETZB wny co you scientists and astronomers have tried for many years to find lfe and Earth and venture to another planet? Why do you think you would do it? Reading Read the passage below, and answer the questions. Explain the words in bold. Then use each word in a sentence. ‘An environmental history of mankind would have to be a history of the loitation of abundant natural resources, the spiraling demand for these >urceS, and their inevitable depletion. AS humanity spread across the leaving colonies in ts wake, essential resources such as coal, cl, and even fresh re extracted through industrial mining and manufacturing operations, reir impact on the Earth has been massive. What was once a plethora of riches has inexorably deetined, and entrepreneurs are now ond the limits of ‘and, sea, and shy; the new target isthe stars and, more specifically asteroids Spinning around the Sun are tens of thousands of asteroids, and ntists are convinced that these mountainlke formations contain treasure trove of minerals and metals. The asteroid 16 Ps *NoUgh iron-nickel ore to sustain the Earth for several million years. Even @ comparatively small asteroid could contain more than 2.000 mil ‘metric tons of serviceable mineralmetal reserves or asteroids have a high ice content which means that they c economically viable source of fresh water. Largeseale. mining asteroids is possibly the key to solving many of our escalating environmental problems. Any mining venture contains an element of risk, however Asterokds have traitionally been considered deadly peils lurking out in the dark depths of space e before smashing headlong into ou insignificant planet. to transplant mining operations from th 0 the stars, we need to find solutions to extensive safety and fogfetical n€ 8 Spinning rock the size ofa small city is no mean }Ould need a huge investment of manpower and equipment. For the moment, the Earth that has catered to our every need and received precious little in return will have to suffer a few more years of relentless ‘exploitation @vines) Main Purpose e. Some questions may ask you abou the main purpose ofa text ie, why the writers writing the txt eg, to rm, to compare, to promote, to discuss, etc). To answer the question read the topic sentences of eac Paragraph careful in order to Understand wiat the paragraph is bout and vat the main idea ofthe * Look for answer options that include the aut for wring the tert asa whole as some distactors ay refer to only ane aspect ofthe teat 1 What is the main purpose of this Passage? exploitation and it b_ toadvocate furt space exploration © to present the pros and cons of asteroid mining to encourage increased i reatment in asteroid mining 2 Inthe third sentence of paragraph 1, what does their refer to? a essential resources b_ human colonies © entrepreneurs, mining and manuf operations 3 According to the passage, who is interested in mining asteroids? ‘a environmentaists who want to protect the Earth scientists who want to carry out research © businessmen who want to make a profit d_ manufacturers who need unlimite 4 Why does the article mention 16 Psyche asteroia? 8 to.compare asteroid resour that of Bart's b_ toillustrate how resource ri asteroids can be © toanalyze the composition of asteroids 4 to explain ho caloulate th asteroids5 According to the passage, why haven't asteroids been mined yet?” ‘a They stl pose a threat to life on Earth, b_ Recruiting wiling personnel is dificult ¢ The necessary technology doss not exist. d_ There are numerous dificuties to overcome. 6 What does the writer suggest about the mining of ‘the Earth? In the past, it caused less damage. 'b_ Itwill stil be necessary in the near future. Inthe future, it will not be proftable. itis expensive and requires investment. Vocabulary Fil in: sustain, cater, depletion, entrepreneurs, exploitation, insignificant, pels, plethora. 4 The. of natural resources ultimately threatens the way madem civilization has become ‘accustomed to living 2. Scientists are constantly in search ofa planet that will ite. 3. American and Russian space centers may in the future to the desire of wealthy people to travel into space. 4 Having been an astronaut on many dangerous missions, Frank is aware of the of the universe 5 Many believe that space exploration is when compared tothe problem of poverty in the world 6 There are many free online courses for everyone ranging from artists to business: 7 The constant of fossi fuels has ‘caused severe damage tothe environment. 8 Space travel wll provide humanity with a ‘of possible solutions to the problems of energy resources and overpopulation 2) Circle the correct answer. 1. Star Trek was a science-fiction TV series in which a spaceship... into unknown galaxies. fa transcended transited b ventured 4 commenced 2. Space observatories provide scientists with the essential equipment to make... observations of the stars. a extravagant © extreme b_ generous extensive 3 Fossi fuels such as oll must be .. from the Earth and refined to become usable explored © extracted b. exploded d_ excavated 4 Modern medicine has reached the point where vital Corgan CAN Be wn. frOM one person to another. transpired © transmitted transplanted transposed 5 Harnessing the Sun's heat and transforming it into energy is 2...» Solution to the eneray crisis. a viable © perpetual b recurrent d_ substantial 6 Marine biologists often discover new species of creatures that... in the depths of our oceans. luk © pork b irk smirk 7. The French, English, and Spanish formed ......0n ‘new land they discovered during their explorations. a satellites terrains b colonies possessions. 8 World population growth is leading to demand for eneray. a anexpending © aninteracting b_ anescalating d awidening © Inthe past, people believed that there was a(n) ‘supply of drinking water to cover al of our needs; today we know this is no longer the case. a absolute © exuberant b lavish abundant 10 Aconstellation is ...... of a group of stars that ‘makes up a particular pattern. a consisted established © formulated 4 comprised Read the text on p. 6 and make notes under the headings: Which natural resources on Earth have dectined ‘and how What asteroids are Why asteroids are important/Their relevance to natural resource depletion What the problems/risks are in attempting to extract resources from asteroids Use your notes to give the class a short talk about the text in your own words. TEND tn pairs write a paragraph about: = our energy resource problem = possible solution TT In groups, collect information about renewable energy. Prepare a digital presentation for the class.Grammar Verb Tenses See pp. GR158-GR163 9 We use the present perfect with the superlative degree (hardest, worst, etc) and ordinal numbers (fist, second, etc.) t's the first time I've been to Paris. “| Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct present tense. Give reasons. 1A: I gather you (nottike) your meal B: No. It's the worst pasta | (ever/eat): 2 & You (Wook) well James! What's your secret? BB: Well, you know what they say, an apple a day (keep) the doctor away! BR coon (yourbook) any accommodation ye? B: Actually, 1... (hope) to find 2 room at alocal hotel when | get to the village. 4A: Oh! There you {be} Fred. Where (yourbe)? BI (fix) my motorbike in the ‘garage since noon and | (notfinish) yet 5 A: Mysister (think) of getting an SUV. B: That's groat! | (own) one myset ‘They're fantastic vehices, 9 When there are two past progressive forms in a sentence with the same subject, we can avoid repetition by using the present participle (-ing form) and leave out the subject and the verb was/were of the second verb form. They were traveling across Europe and they were Visiting lots of amazing places. = They were traveling ‘across Europe and visiting lots of amazing places. 1 Jason was celebrating his bithday and were having/ hhaving a great time! 2 The author Charles Dickens had been w wrote over fifteen novels, 3 My neighbors were continually demanding/have been continually demanding me to cut down the tee in my garden, even though | told them I wouldn't 4 Mark wished/had wished to visit the Colosseum ‘while in Rome, but it was closed when he was there, 5 Mrs. Stephens has been working/had been working for twenty years when she took early retirement. 6 It took a while, but Helen was used to/got used to working from home, 7. Frank had been decorating/was decorating the house for hours and felt exhausted, 8 The man had opened/opened the door, stepped Inside and looked at Mis. Haris. 0 + We normally use be going to to talk about something we intend to do, and will to give details ‘or make comments about what we have already mentioned. “I'm going to wash the car this ‘morning, I'l polish it after.” “That'll look lovely.” We normally use the present progressive, rather than be going to, with verbs which express ‘movement, especially the verbs go and come. 'm going to Anne's house after 9 pm. ‘Choose the correct future form. Give reasons. 11 with Laura later on today to discuss our presentation, a willhave met © going to meet willbe meeting d- meet 2 The faculty advisor’s signature indicates that the student all degree requirements by the end of the semester. a willhave had completed will have been completing © willhave completed d_ has completed 3 By the time she finishes her course, she French for two years, will have had studied bis going to be studying © willstudy will have been studying 4 Tatty nn € new job offer when he was given a Promotion at the fir ‘a was on the brink of accepting 1b was on the brink to accept © was to have accepted d__was on the brink to have accepted ‘5. The corporation's drive to promote sustainable energy important in our rapily changing world is being increasingly 'b has become increased © has been increasing in is becoming increasingly 6 Company policy states that employees projects with competitors or the media, a are not to disclose bare tobe not disclosing © are not going to disclose d_willnot be disclosing 7 ime carry this luggage upstairs, please? a Shall you help b Will you help © Willyou be helping d_ Are you about to help at tofnish the final details for the cient tonight ‘a amgoing to mean © ammeaning b willmean mean| Subject 0 'A pronoun can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence, It is wrong to use a noun and a personal pronoun together. Jogging its good exercise Object Pronouns seejlntaa {Cirle the incorrect item in each sentence and then correct it 1. Unlike most large cities in the U.S.A., Philadelphia A itis a residential city which consists of a 8 c considerable variety of neighborhoods, each with its own charm, D 2. Margaret doesn't have a job yet, but | am sure she. a B c will find it soon, D 3. On April 30th, George Washington he took his oath AB of office as the fist President of the USA. c D Singular ~ Plural Nouns seepe. 6r163-6r165 0 + Certain words in English are singular even though they have a plural meaning, eg., everybody, ‘every, news, information, measles, mumps, luggage, baggage, math, physics, etc. Everybody is going to the performance. + Other nouns are always in the plural, such as: Clothes -> jeans, pants, shorts, slacks Tools -+ shears, tweezers, scissors, pliers; Accessories -> gloves, sunglasses; ‘Other > means, thanks, police 55 Cirle the subject of the sentences which the ‘missing verb must agree with. Then, choose the correct verb form (2 or b). 1. Even though their financial means limited, they are content with thelrlifstyle and never complain. a are bis 2. The number of payments the same for the entire term of this loan. a. remains b remain 3 Although it has a tendency of being mild among children, the mumps... quite dangerous for adults, a are bis Civics a subject dealing withthe rights and ties of citizens ais b are Formal slacks part of the everyday work atte of white-collar workers. a ae bis Apair of pliers ‘generally found in every home's shed or toolbox. a ae bis ‘Ty to determine the correct grammatical structure thats being tested before deciding on your answer 1 >% Review Choose the correct answer. Mr. Evan ..n. B@ a researcher for an advertising company in Baltimore, a used to © useto b would d_ gotused to Universal remate controts, unlike earier models, ‘easier to access multiple devices simultaneously. a they make it they are making it make them make it They the scale of the problem and the dificulties i poses. a see © are seeing b had been seeing dare always seeing Organic beauty products more and more popular these days. a become © are becoming b have become d_ have besn becoming ‘The recycling scheme to be implemented this month, However, there were serious financial setbacks. ais going © iscertain b_ was going wore Ifneither option available, you may contact the Human Resources office. ais © isnt b are aren't Come and visit me whenever you ...... in the area. a willbe © ae b would be d_ have been Itis projected that 80% of the world's population in urban centers by the year 2070. a willbe residing b would be residing © would have been residing will have been residing10 Exam Practice SN Part 1 In this part, you will hear short conversations. After each ‘conversation, you will hear a question about it. You will hear teach conversation and question once, The answer choices are printed in the test booklet. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, not inthe test booklet, You should ‘mark A, B, C, or D. Do you have ary questions? 1. What is the man worried about? ‘A. the viability of space mining B. the depletion of Earth's resources C. the concerns raised in a documentary D. the development of renewable energy 2 What are the speakers discussing? A. adificlt client at work B. a presentation the man will give C. data the woman needs to see D. a meeting the woman is attending ‘3. What wil the woman probably do? ‘A. have cupboards installed B. build some cupboards herselt C. go and look for furishings D. ask the man to take her to a store 4 What ingrediont does the woman need? A. yeast B. flour ©. molasses D. honey 5 What does the man say about his job? ‘A. Ho is underqualtie. B. It probably isn't going to sut him . It's better than he expected it tobe. D. He thought he was better prepared. {6 Why does the woman mention North State? A. to exolore her options B. offer the man an altemative C. to inquire about an accident D. to.question the length ofthe delay 7 What does the git say about her group? ‘A. They couldn't get along. 8. They made an error. C. There was a shared concensus. D. There was contention 10 " 2 13 4 5 16 Predicting content In Part 1 ofthe listening exam, you wil hear short conversations ‘once. The question and answer choices will be printed inthe test booklet. Before you listen, read the questions and four possible answers to prepare for what you wil be listening to Underine the keywords and think about the cortext in which the speakers are talking and what might be mentiones during ‘he conversation. This will help you identity the important information wile you listen What wil the boy probably do next? A. continue studying . watch the basketball game 6. goto the basketball court with his fiend D. compete in a basketball toumament What does the gil imply about Joanna? ‘A. She's not necessarily on the right track B. She's very conscious of her image. . She's not trying to pressure others. D. She's highly persuasive, What does the man think of the accommodations? A Itis too hard to get to, B. Itis not worth the price, C. Itis more than sat'stactory, D. tis adequate for their needs, What will the man do for the woman? ‘A. house sit for her B. keep her cat at hs house . visit her cat every day D. take her cat to the vet What does the woman think of the man's point of view? A. It's not very realistic, B. t's wrong because i's unfair, C. [t's surprising and unexpected. D. It's likely to be unpopular. How does the man feel? ‘A. He regrets saying something foolish, B. He feels defensive about his opinion G. He is worried he came across as aggressive. D. He is upset that the woman disagrees with him, Why is the man asking the woman for advice? ‘A. He thought she liked the beach. B. He thought she was from the area, . He thought she worked ina tourist office, D. He doesn't know who to call to ask. What is the meeting about? ‘A. the company's goals for the year B. ways to improve the company's email system C. addressing complaints and suggestions from staff D. becoming more environmentally responsible What are the speakers discussing? ‘A the value of a degree B. the importance of being cautious C. career prospects in the arts D. the difficulty of getting into art collegePart 3 In this part, you will hear two segments from a radio program. ‘After each segment, you wil hear six questions about it. Before each segment begins, you will have time to preview the questions that are printed inthe test booklet. You will hear each segment twice. Then you will hear the questions once. If you want to, you may take notes in your booklet as you listen. Mark your answers on the separate ‘answer sheet, notin the test booklet. You should mark A, B, ore. Do you have any questions? Look at the questions. Then listen to the first segment. 4 According to Dr. Lipton, what happens in the Arctic annually? ‘A. Amass of compressed snow is formed. B. Ice separates forming icebergs. . The glaciers flow into the Gulf Stream. ‘What plays a significant role in regulating the world's climate? |A. the movement of currents with different temperatures. B. the flow of warm Gulf Stream currents C. the formation of icebergs in the North Atlantic. ‘3. What does Dr. Lipton imply about the loss of the Arctic, ice sheets? ‘A. The majority of areas have lost alice. B. The Alaskan coastline will bear the brunt of change. . The scope of loss is more than anyone precicted According to Dr. Lipton, what effect can salt ‘concentration have on the oceans? A. Itcan reduce the frequency of devastating storms. B. can lower the oceans’ temperature. . can aisrupt marine biomes in numerous ways. What does the reporter suggest about international agreements on 00,7 A. They musts be able to have some positive results. B. They don'thave a strict enough threshold. C. They're useless as governments dint act fast enough. 6 What is the main purpose of this report? A. to explain international agreements on global warming BB. to announce predictions from new ciate models ©. to educate listeners about metting ice in the Arctic Note taking In part 3 ofthe Istening exam, you will hear segments of a radio program twice. There are six questions fr each segment each with thee options. Before you listen, you wil be given some time to read the questions and possible option. n this time, undertne the keywords and think about what you may be ‘storing to, While you listen, you may wish to take notes the frst time the segment is played to help you answer the ‘question, Use your nates to rule out the wreng options and then confirm your answer wen the segment is replayed. However, make sure you don't miss any of the conversation in, favor af taking notes. Look at the questions. Then listen to the second segment. 7. What does the first speaker imply about the issue of ‘racking? A. I's not as straightforward as it may appear. 'B. Many people don't know where i's taking place. G. Alot of rumors are circulating about it 8 What does Roberta Jackson say about the process of extracting gas? ‘A. Shale rock is turned into sand. B, Water is extracted from rock. . Substances are shot into the around. 9 What does Michael Allen suggest about chemical use in tracking? ‘A. Their regulation is only satisfactory. B. Their composition is deliberately withheld. ©. Their impacts on health are still uncertain 410 What does Roberta Jackson say about the benefits of ‘racking? A. Thay are felt across mutiple parts of society B. They apply mostly to international politics. CC. They offer a parmanent solution to the fuel crisis. 41. Why does Michael Allen mention the cost of medical care? A. to propose improvements to the healthcare system B. to suggest energy is not people's biggest expense . to counterargue the economic benefits of tracking 412. What isthe purpose of this report’? ‘A. to describe how the process of fracking works B. to examine the issue of fracking from different angles . toreveal the dangers associated with fracking+ BETTW in what ways ces Sunlight affect our everyday ito? . What do you think the world would be like without any sunlight? *+ Can you guess what global dimming is? What does it have to do with airplanes? Read the text to find out Reading [Read the Passage below, and answer the questions. Explain the words in bold. Then use each word in a sentence, AXihratuce tant path is easly recognizable from its conta the smoky white nas t leaves across a clear blue sky. A contal, sre condensation tral forms when the hot, humid air romajetenging Z,iah alttude mixes withthe surrounding cold air of the atmnosphore Eseentaly clouds, contals have traditionally been thought to sacetene iobal warning by retaining Neat. Now they are implicated in ancther SeNINGy contradictory, but equally alarming, cimate change’ effect ile! Gltal dimming ~ the eduction in levels of sunight reaching the Earth's surface made causes, such as contralls hanging high in the sky ht, have a more lasting effect. With some regions reported "2" a ith oftheir natural ght, global dimming is making its Presence felt Reading for specific © information/detait * Read the question and underline the keywords ‘Find the part ofthe text the question refers to. * Go through the answer options and choose the one that bes represents the information inthe text What is the main purpose of this text? to discuss climate change _toexplain the effects of global dimming © ‘0 present solutions to global dimming to argue against the use of aerosols What is implied about contrails? '@ Contras prevent heat from clouds escaping into space. b The structure of contralsis atfected by global dimming, © Contail formation is similar to cloud formation, 4 Contrails and clouds do not form at the same altitude, {In the third sentence of paragraph 1, which word could best replace exacerbate? 1 allviate © depreciate b- worsen provoke Why is ash mentioned in the passage? 2 topoint out the worst form of dimming b to.explain how natural cooling occurs © to describe the dangers of volcanic eruptions to compare natural with man-made dimming What effect does global dimming have ‘on the planet? 8 It disrupts weather patterns It causes arise in temperature, © increases the humidity levels, 4 Itreduces sea levels, ‘According to the author, what is most alarming about global dimming? Its more dangerous than global warming tis only just stating to have an effet, © It gives a false impression of global warming, makes the effects of global warning worse,Reading {| Fin: partes, ates, enption, compeston, condensation, famine, drought, culprits, effects. 4. Clouds are the resutt of which ‘occurs at high altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere. 2. Many mountaineers have to use supplemental ‘oxygen while climbing in high 3. The sudden of the voleano destroyed thousands of acres of and. 4. Overfishing is considered to be one of the main for declining marin life. 5 Due to climate shifts, lng periods of ‘are now occurring in regions “where there used to be abundant rainfall. 6 Scientists draw conclusions about the ‘of a planet by studying its rock formations. 7. Because of their microscopic size, can easily penetrate deep into the respiratory system, causing serious health problems. 8 Long droughts and inadequate farming techniques are the main causes of inmany pars of Africa © Unfortunately the damage done to the environment wil have long-lasting that wil require time to reverse. Je the correct answer. 1 In hot weather, a ‘atmosphere must be ‘maintained in heated greenhouses. a boggy © wot b soggy d_ humid 2. Global dimming sunlight back into space resulting in les light reaching the Earth's surface. bumps © snaps i bounces 4 skips i 3. tis safe to say that he automobile has i more damage on the Earth's atmosphere than i anything ese j a impeded © infloted bb implanted inflated j 4. Broken glass, plaster, and other debris could be i ‘seen .. all over the place in the wake of j yesterday's earthquake j a scattered © splattered j b sprinkied @ spread '5 After an investigation, authorities have concluded that the escalating cancer incidents were toxic waste dumped in the river. a incurred © Inferred b induced incited by r 6 smn C0OPEratiOn between the neighboring Counties resulted in batter solutions to combat shared environmental problems ‘a Parochial b Central 7 AS water in rivers, lakes, and seas {gas in the atmosphere. ‘© Regional Local ,Itrises as a disperses © evaporates b dissolves d_ vaporizes 8 Snow the Sun's rays, making the ‘atmosphere feel warmer even though the temperature is very low. reinvigorate © reflects b recaptures d_ resumes ‘9 Many people buy organic produce to avoid eating fruits and vegetables which have pesticides. ingested © assimilated b devoured 1d absorbed 40 Alocal factoryis in the case regarding the ‘contamination of the nearby lake. ‘a implicated © included entangled incriminated 14. Recent studies have shown... of organiC, pollutants in snow-capped mountain areas in Europe. @ persistence © adefiance b aninsistence 1d anacceptance 12 The idea that global warming could bring about a modern loe Age may appear to be bout some scientists say it could happen. ‘a confirming © contradictory b reassuring 4 compulsory 9K Speaking & Writing ‘+ Write a few sentences about: = what global dimming is = what causes it and what areits effects ead your sentences to your partner. Discuss what could be done to prevent global dimming. Report tothe class. TT in groups collect information about aerosols ‘and their effects. Give a presentation to the class. 13a | 10. 14 Exam Practice VOCABULARY We decided ona ___ to go bungee jumping and {rove immediately to the canyon outside of town, A. caprice B. notion ©. tend D. whim ‘Some methods of waste _ the atmosphere A. deduction 8. clearance ©. disposal D. ejection Susan spent hersummer___over her partner's new business proposal A. striving B. agonizing ©. surmising D. tormenting The government has passed ___regulating ‘greenhouse gas emissions A. policy B. legislation ©. precept D. enactment ‘The singer's performance did not lve up to the audience's A. qualms B. expectations C. hopes . anticipations release pollutants into ‘The politician _into a description of his environmental plans, A fired B. catapulted ©. introduced D. launched ‘The student's comment was____to the professor's lecture. A. irrelevant B. inappropriate C. inessentia! D. impertinent There wereno__ to sleep in the car. A. openings B. blanks at any hotels, so we were forced C. vacancies D. spaces Thenew appis designed to_ language acauisition ‘or students with learning dtficuties. A. facilitate ©. B. supplicate innovate D. capacitate 'norder to preserve the wetlands, the conservation group has asked that _ changes be made to the area, A. minimalist ©. minimal B. narrow D. modest 1, 12. 13, 14, 18. 16. 7. 18. 19, ‘The ozone layers effective in screening out ultraviolet —__from the Sun A. diffusion B. emission ©. etusion D. radiation ‘Maria was running ate this morning and left the house with hain A deny 8. clammy C. moist D. damp ‘The offender was sentenced to a seven-year____in ‘maximum securty prison, A term B. tenure ©. period D. stretch ‘The mayor wants to start _ are caught littering A. obliging B. imposing ©. collecting D. impressing Jeanie is so untidy: she has lefta__of dity laundry in the middle of her room. A. shuttle B. heap My brother works ata federally —_ A. adiusted B. normalized C. regulated D. standardized Alu _broke out and made scores of people ill ‘across the country. A. plague 8. epidemic ©. outbreak D. infection — fines on people who C. mess D. jumble financial institution He was only taking a carry-on bag and packed the bare provisions supplies requirements necessities Polluted water is more _in third-world countries than in industrialized nations, A. prevalent B. customary C. ardent D. dominant Thenew to the finance post seems to be fting in realy well for someone so young, A. contestant B. nominee . deputy D. appointee Pome2. |. Bobby told his therapist about the nightmare he had been having forthe last month. A. residual B. habitual . recurring D. steady Dante Aligheri wrote The Divine Comedy in the __ instead of Latin which was the accepted written language at the time. A lingo B. dialect C. vernacular D. slang Harsh weather with strong winds and rain is slowly “the clifs with each passing year. lding eroding wearing corroding ‘The movie star is taking legal action against the tabloid newspaper for_of character. A. defamation B. slander ©. denouncement D. insult ‘The soccer player was advised to avoid all activity until his injury had healed. |. laborious B. animated ©. tollsome D. strenuous pope “The victim was able to recognize her attacker because he had a very __scar on his left cheek. A. exclusive B. typical ©. distinctive D. categorical ‘Mike found shipping his belongings overseas to be a ‘readful____requiring endless amounts of paperwork. A. observance B. obsourty| ©. oblivion D. ordeal Jessica supports environmental programs donating most of her free time to different causes. A. staunchly B. heavily . sturlly D. powerfully The building directly opposite my house has an ‘extension that__my view of the valley A. obstructs B. interferes ©. shields D. prohibits at. 37. ‘After a three-day battle, the opposing army finally ___toits enemy. waived relinquished surrendered defeated Residents near the coast are worried about an oil that has been floating for days in the sea. A. puddle B. reserve ©. pond D. slick (Once Brian won the lottery, his relatives kept on him for money. A. stalking B. persecuting ©. aggravating D. pestering The doctor's license was _ ‘of malpractice. A. revoked B. annulled ©. overtumed D. canceled pomP __after he was convicted During the journey, the bus _ closure downtown, A. detracted B. detoured . circumnavigated . switched __ due to a road ‘Some scientists that climate change is irreversible while other scientists disagree, A. contort B. conflate ©. contract D. contend The helicopter over the forest looking for any signs offre stil burning A. floated B. strayed ©. towered D. hovered Many North American immigrants have traditions oftheir homelands. A. attained B, retained, ©. contained D. obtained ‘The patient did not the severity of his condition ‘and the doctor had to explain it again, cluten grasp clinch latch the poe 15[fl es hy Exam Practice MSS Part 2 Now you first talk. Look at the ques Listen toa student giving a presentation ina science class, 1 Why A. Hewas curious about class has studied the topic. Paraphrasing listening exam, you wil her tas amovie talk as six questions with four options, The correct. 2 So encies answers ill use alterative words than these that appes feanan ce he recording, Therefore, befor important ae ead the questions and options int lowed. Ident the indians hee ie keywords in each qu onan think of synonymo Words or phrases for these words. This will help you identity the paraphrased information that you hea D. They need to identity ther space junk For example What des the speaker say about the forest fi B. to bring up a more p jagest how space waste could develo sing @ tal risk D. They rarely mpact craft an animation to the class at, you will hear tre il hear six questions about it. Before each tak have time to pr * booklet. You wil hear each talk and the qu answer his classmates’ quest lew the questions that are print Le td '¥y0u want to, you may take notes in your booklet as you[a Now you vil hear the second talk, Look at the questions. Listen to a speaker at a natural history museum. 7. Whats the speaker's main purpose? to describe the scorpion tree to introduce an expert C. to honor Dr. Taylor . to encourage people to become members Nhat does the speaker imply about the audience? 'A. Many come to the museum frequently B. They came especially to hear Dr. Taylor. ©. They are all Dr. Taylor's students. D. i's the first talk they have attended at the museum, © How did the speaker meet Dr. Taylor? ‘Ata talk that he gave. They were colleagues at the museum. He was once her teacher ‘She was a guest at his event pat does the speaker sa It was recently planted Its origins were carefully recorded by cowboys, People were mistaken about its origin, D. Local lagends didn’t mention it ‘about the scorpion tree? 41. What does the speaker carving? ‘A. It was once used to teach astronomy, B. It was left as a puzzle for future generations. C. [tis amap of the stars in the night sky. D. it was used to track the passage of time. about the purpose of the 12 What will the audience probably do next? A. uisit the scorpion tree B. renew their membership ©. greet Dr. Taylor D. make a donation ta the questions, Now you will hear the thd talk. Look Listen to the editor of an online news site talking to hs team, ker imply about the members of his A. They are unsatisfied with the work B. Some are having to learn about a new subject. are interested in the environment, D. They wil find the new feature very easy. 14 What does the speaker su news site? A. tis uncertain at this time, st about the future ofthe B. twill probably increase membership foes. . tis lkely to merge with a competitor. D. Its ownership is now in his hands. 18 What doas the speaker imply about the readers who Visit the site? A. Thay are not especially patient BB. They think the accounts are user-friandly, . They are unsatisfied with the site's content D. They only read special features. 16 What information does the speaker say wil be noted? A. how many people visit competitors’ pages BB, how often people submit new content ©. how many new passwords are created D. how long people remain on the site 17 What isthe main purpose of the talk? A. to.explain the need for a change in direction B. toinform staff about anew ©. toanalyze dittere ‘competition D. to congratulate everyone for their excellent achievements ser interface s witht 48 What does the speaker mean when he says: “There's a great deal of potential B. Hard work willbe generously reward ©. There's a risk of losing a great der D. It's avery competitive stuation. >Ky . FFM Conserving Forests ‘Of the ‘carbon dioxide released into the ‘atmosphere each deforestation pictures to explain iz total s for Use the we quote, Why do you think itis important to conserve our forests? Reading Read the passage below, and answer the questions. Explain the words in bold, Then use each word in a sentence. m @vIDEO Were do truth ie? The stuies are varied and frequently conta are with most information when it comes to the envitonn widespread perspective is that the ungs ofthe Earth, te for that cleanse the atmosphereof carbon dioxide, ae deterating at unprecedented view, less conventional but ome out by esearch, suggests a reversal othe overal ferest The ings of one recent report clan thatthe trait from deforestation toreforesationis already well underway. The tam of researchers asserted that ‘ho ofthe counties most often acowsed ofthe worst environmental abuses, JS, have actualy actiaved forest expansion ov 3. They took into account tse de calculations, at 1 ty as well ving Japan as an example. The team poi ‘22 of forest land in Japan has remained unchanged forthe last fy yeas, te volume has achieved an average annua 116%, Acombination of factors responsible, incuding the ongoing human migration from rua s to urban 3 wall as the ree of bsequent decline of newsprint. Global, however, th optimism According to another 1 toaver expanded wood ial overload. New forestland might look good on pap ve statisti, but cannot compare with natural fore 8 report also states that newly-panted trees are not to deal with carbon foxde levels. thats tue, then ational enitonmental agreements that alow governments to plan trees er than cut ther greenhouse gas emissions would have litte short-term cefectn combating the ise of greenhouse gases, ms ct biodiversity, groning quickly er Reference words Some questons test reference words ina tex. These are words such ast ‘they, tis’, ther’ ett. They are used toler toa person, idea or thing that has previously been mentioned i ‘order to avoid repetition, ead the sentences before the reference Wor careful as the nouns that they are refering to are oten very clse to the anoun agrees number (6nguarpura with tre noun replaces. What is the main purpose of this passage? 4. toillustrate the importance of forest conservation _ to-examine the reasons for fo ‘growth in diferent regions © to.assess the value of different research methods d_ tocontrast the findings of two different reports st What point does the author make about environmental studies? Any study's practical use limited, Differences of opinion are common. © The findings are always pessimistic Statistics confuse the average reader. In the third sentence of paragraph 2, what does they refer to? @ China and US b_ findings of a report © a team of researchers forest expansion According to the passage, what might have contributed to the reversal of forest decline? 2 anincreasein popularity of online mecia the increase of parks in urban centers ulation of urban areas crease in available forest land b d| | 2. Circle the correct answe In the last paragraph what does the author mean by naw forestlands might look good on paper? fa They are best used for paper production, Their numbers need to be formally published ‘¢They appear more beneficial than they actualy are, d__Thei true benefts are overestimated by scientists ‘What does the writer suggest about governments’ attitudes to the environment? ‘a They have neglected conservation for too long, Their initiatives are nat reducing carbon dioxide levels © They are reluetantto invest in conservation programs, Their agreements only provide short-term solutions. Vocabulary {| Fitin: expansion, perspective, conventional unprecedented, reversal, density transition, deteriorating 1 The rapid a disastrous impact on forests 2 tis widely accepted that forest areas around the word are at an alarming rate, 3 Ales view is that forest cover has actually increased. 4. Recently, southern Greece suffered from a forest fre in duration and magnitude. 5 The to reforestation is already taking place according to recent reports. 6 From an environmental reforestation is a long-term solution, of farmland has had 7 The of forest decline in many areas is supported by research. 8 The of a tropical forest is such that sunlight never penetrates all the way tothe ground. 1 Themain responsible for sol erosion is deforestation. account © item b factor reason 2. Firefighting planes and helicopters were going to and from ina desperate attempt to disaster. a repel © arrest b cleanse d avert 3. The mayor announced the new measures to future fires. a combat © oppose: b engage attack 4. Ornithologists tag birds to study their pattems. a emigration © immigration migration integration 8 Thecityhas 5. The persistence of global warming in years will have a disastrous impact on dry, forested areas, a frequent © successive b repetitive d_ subsequent 6 ils parents bought a cottage in a area to ‘get away during the weekends. a. pastoral © cude b rural rustic 7 AGreenpeace spokesperson that the ‘organization would stop any fishing in these waters. a asserted © contradicted b accused presented ‘80 much that its surrounding rural area has practically disappeared, boosted © expanded inflated d amplified 9 Theis concern about the survival of plant ‘and animal species that live in forests. a widespread © overall b_ broad d_ thorough 10 areas are ikely to sutfer trom the ‘consequences of global warming more severely than other areas. @ Geographical © Urban b Restricted d Teritoral tening, Speaking _ & Writing ‘+ Gi Listen to some people talking about possible ‘ways to help reforestation efforts. Which person suggests the following? educate community ‘an’Adopt a campaign organize fundraisers and tree-planting school trips BEIIR win oftne suggestions do you think would be more eective? Why? Suggest other possible waye to od reforestation efforts LIT |in groups, collect information about the adverse effects of deforestation and prepare an educational brochure. 1920 Grammar Adjectives - Adverbs 9 ‘+ Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. John is a hardworking student. ‘+ Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They cannot be used between a verb and its object. He always does his homework carefully. (NOT: He ) + Certain adjectives can’t precede the noun they describe. These are: alike, alive, alone, afraid asleep. The children were asleep when we got home. (NOT: Fhe-asleep-childran ...— in this position we could use sleeping ) {{, dentity the words in bold as aa) (adjective) or adv (adverb). Mark the sentences below as C (correct) or | incorrect). Give reasons. Then, correct the incorrect sentences. 1 Heis an alone person. (20j) /2 lovey They seemed certain they would win the race, ‘She's afraid of the dark - 4 They have recently taken up squash. 5 Can! see the weekly 1epOrt? rns They decided to hold the reception ata restaurant exPENSIVE. sn — ‘She was the firstly quest to arrive -. Could you speak clearly, please? sun — ‘She types quite fast. =m Obvious, he's been through & Ot. nae Comparisons (seeppllniesieniea) @ When we compare two people, things, etc. we need to make logical comparisons. It is wrong to compare the population of New York with Los Angeles. We ‘must compare the population of New York with the Population of Los Angeles. Circle the correct item. 1 The greater the work experience you have, the salary you get. the most high © the higher b ashigh as 4 thehighest 2 This cars three times nn mi. as expensive as, about as expensive as ‘more and more expensive than nearly as expensive as, 3. The weather is slightly than it was yesterday. @ hotter © hot hotter and hotter d_ hottest 4 Iwas to receive your letter a more delighted © most delightedly 1b most delighted d much delighted 5 This candidate forthe role is nowhere. the fone we saw earlier, near as qualified as b_ more qualified than © even as qualified as half as qualified as 6 Can't you work faster than that? @ more © very b alot d any 7 Each person's fingerprints are different person. a from another © from any other b from those of any other d than anyother 8 The prices here are more expensive at that store a. than © than those b asthat from those 9 She always does well at sport, her sister doesn't a suchas © whereas b whileas rather Expressing Similarity ((geejlGni6a) 9 ‘We can use certain words to express similarity. Study the examples, AS - LIKE ~ ALIKE + She works as a waitress. (She is a waitress.) ‘She works like o slave, (She isn’t a slave.) + le was like fying. It feels like velvet. ‘She is regarded as an expert on Greek mythology. * This dress is like that one. This dress and that one are alike. SIMILAR - SAME * Your glasses are similar to mine. Our glasses are similar. + Your glasses are the same as mine. (Our glasses are the same. 3 Choose the correctitem, 1. This bag is almost the Tony's a same for © same as b sameto same lke 2 The two cars are almost a same as © similarto bike same the same 3. This coat feels...» velvet a alke © tke b suchas dasHe really wanted to work... a graphic designer. alike © same as bas similar to ‘The twa sisters don't look... ata a same © tke b alike same as Peteris regarded team. ‘a the sameas fees raeiae| b as suchas the best planner on the Cleft Sentences | seep. Gr169 9 Cleft sentences are used to put emphasis on particular information in a sentence. It be oot + subjecfobjec + that whotn eee Study the examples. John took Mary to the beach on Sunday. It was John who took .. (emphasis on the subject) J was Mary that John took... emphasis on the object) it was to the beach that John took .. (emphasis on prepositional phrase) It was on Sunday that ohn took. emphasis on adverbial) What John did was (to) take Mary to the beach on Sunday. (emphasis on action) Rewrite the following sentences, as in the example. 1. Steven Spielberg directed Jurassic Park. it was Steven Spielberg wholthat rected Jurassic 2. Andrew submitted the documents on Monday. WAS 09 ssn aa 3 Daniel needs to follow a fiber-rich diet. isa 4 Why did she resign from such a high-powered jab? Why ever — 2 5 Craig assured me that there wouldn't be any complications, What - : 6 Martha knocked over Mom's favorite china vase and broke it. Iwas Martha Cory went tothe bookshop to buy the novel he wanted. Toa to... {© Take notice ofthe position ofthe blank as tis often ‘ue tothe missing part of speech. Review Choose the correct answer. 11 We don't need any complications. a far © bitot b further farther 2 Wholesale costs are than they were a year ago. ‘a. slight higher slightly more b_ ashigher higher slightly higher 3. The band’s latest album Went susnsn in ls than a week, a gold © golden more gold d_ mostly golden 4 Nomatter how improve her French. ‘he tries, she can never a harder © hard hard as hardly 5. There's a beautiful recreational park a asnearas © near b nearby nearer 6 I's obvious that he's in love with her. a deeply © very deep b deep d_ mostly deeply 7 Heis teacher we have ever had, a far the best ¢ by far the best b farbetter as, by far the better 8 'mnot sure when the committee this long-term plan. implements © implementing shall implement @_willimplement 9 Mr. Simpson's fight... ater this evening, is due for arval © is due to arriving b isduetoarive dis due for ariving 410 She didn't like living in New York City at fist, but she eventually a. got tused to © gotused to it b isusedtoit used it 11 cooson She's interested in is having a career. a All © Mostly b Whatever: Only 21 want to speak to them again! a don't never © willnever b did never d_ don't ever 2Exam Practice Stage 1 * Giving personal information (3-5 minute conversation) ‘Stage 1 is a 3-5 minute conversation between you, and the other test taker, and Examiner 1. The examiner vill start with introductions and then wilinvte you to say a few things about yourselves. Next, you willbe asked personal questions about your daily ves. and experiences. The final question wil be relevant to the topic ofthe activity n Stage 2 +1. pairs, answer the following questions. + Doyou lke the area you live in? * Could you tell me a tle bit about your job/studies? + How would you improve your area? Model Interview . Si Listen to two test takers and an examiner doing Stage 1 and answer the questions, ‘+ How do they expand thelr answers? ‘+ Which test taker do you think did a better job? Why? Stage 2 * Explaining and Recommending (5-7 minutes) 22 Stage 2 fs a 5-7 minute decision-making activity and is. the basi part ofthe speaking test. Examiner t wil present ‘an imaginary scenario where you and the other test taker Wl take on specie roles in order to are at decision together. You will have 2-3 minutes to go over yout information sheet before each of you begins explaining your two options, in your own words. Upon listening to Your partner, you will make a recommendation ofthe best, ‘option presented by nem. Finally, each of you wil report, {© Which of your own options you belive isthe best. 3 The two of you are members of your city planning commission. The mayor is seeking ideas on how to se public land for an urban renewal project. You are fon the selection committee and the mayor has asked for your help in proposing a project. The information sheets in the Speaking Appendix show four proposals. Use the information sheets to do the tasks below. ‘While listening to your partner, you may take notes but YyoU are not allowed to see your partner's information ‘sheet. Use the language in the table to help you. Introducing Information & Listing Points + Firstly, Primarily, Most importantly, ../The fist is 1 suggestion to/This option/proposal endeavors to * Secondly, ../Then, ../After that, ../On top of that, Additionally, ../ Moreover, ...What's more, ‘+ The next important thing/issue is ..This seems to be a very attractive option/proposal/solution as it + This leads to * Finally, this proposal/option also offers + Ifimplemented, the plar/proposal would provide + The downside/The only disadvantage/A possible drawback Test taker 4: Use your information sheet (p. 195) to explain Yyour options to test taker 2, Test taker 2: Which one of those options do you think is the best? Make a recommendation to test taker 1. Just say the name, Test taker 2: Use your information sheet (p. 196) to explain your options to test taker 1 ‘Test taker 1: Which one of those options do you think is the best? Make a recommendation to test taker 2, Just say the name, Test taker 1: Which one of your own options is the best? Just say the name, Test taker 2: Which one of your own options isthe best?” Just say the name. Model Interview 4 @Listen to two test takers doing Stage 2 and answer the questions. ‘+ Which option did each test taker recommend? ‘+ Which one of his her own options did each test taker choose? Stage 3 © Consensus Reaching (5-7 minutes) Stage 3 fsa 5-7 minute conversation between you and © the other test taker. You need to come to a consensus, narrowing down the two options you individually chose at the end of Stage 2 and agreeing on one single option, Thisis dane by comparing and contrasting the two options you have decided, rejecting one and choosing the other as your tina choiceNow work in pairs. Compare and contrast the ‘options you have each chosen. What are the ‘advantages and disadvantages of each? Which is the best option? Reach a consensus. Use the anguage in the table below to help you. ES ‘Comparing/Contrasti Expressing Advantages & Disadvantages Fist let's compare/iook at + From the two options, | believe... is the better choice because +. is far easiar to implement. {+ i considerably more feasible than .. because Justifying Viewpoints +. on the grounds that J+ This is dargely) due to the fact that J+ The (main) reason for! behind this is + [feel strongly about this because Giving Examples +. for example, + suchas. [+ Also Consensus Reaching * It seems that we both feel/agree that + So, we're in agreement? Model Interview Gi Listen to two test takers doing Stage 3 and answer the questions. + Which option did the test takers choose? + What reasons did they give? Stage 4 « Presenting and convincing (5-7 minutes) ‘Stage 4 isa 7 minute foal presontaton given by you andthe oer test taker to Examiner 2, who play the part of someone in author You wil be gen 2-3 minutes to decide who wil tak about which bullet points and plan your presentations, You each need to present two diferent bullet points from the option you chose atthe endof Stage 3, explaining the reasons why you chose ths opton ‘7. pairs, prepare a formal presentation of your ‘chosen option. At this stage you can look at the information sheet together. Give two reasons each to support the option and explain why these reasons ‘are important. Use the language in the table to help you. ‘+ Another reason we are in favor ‘+ These activities would promote ‘+ We both agree that ‘tis also worth mentioning that '+ Now, my partner will continue with two more reasons in iE Presenting and Convincing favor ofthis option Model Interview 8 @ Listen to two test takers doing Stage 4 and answer the questions. ‘+ What are the reasons each test taker gives? + How do the test takers support each reason? Stage 5 « Justifying and Defending (5-7 minutes) Stage § 1s a 5-7 minuto conversation between you, the oer test taker, and Examiner 2. The examiner wil continue to play the part of someone in authority and wil ‘ask you questions or make challenging statements about your preferred option based on wht you sad in tage 4 You will need to convince Examiner 2 that your choice is sensible, by considering possibe crawbacks and outing ‘why they are minor or simple to deal with, impairs, take tums taking on the roe of the mayor ‘and express concerns about the chosen proposal while your partner justifies and defends the decision. ‘Then switch roles. Use the language in the table below to help you. Justifying and Defending ‘What Iam trying to say is that ‘To be perfectly honest, It seems reasonable, therefore, Infact Model Interview {() @ Listen to two test takers and an examiner doing ‘Stage 5 and answer the questions. ‘What concems did the examiner express? + How did thetes takers |ustiy and defend ther decision? 2324 Exam Practice De TTIW 1. The huricane__ the city destroying almost all the ‘buildings and leaving many people homeless, A. sacked B. ravaged C. degraded D. overcame 2. The dietitian advised her client o__her diet with vitamins in order to get the necessary nutrients ‘A. complement B. accompany . supplement D. augment ‘3. Through stricter law enforcement, officials are trying to __the number of accidents caused by reckless drivers. A. restrain B. truncate ©. curtail D. dock 4. Some people do not realize the __of erash diets and the dangers involved. A. backlash B. aftermath C. responses D. repercussions 5. In politica debates, candidates often use personal attacks to __ the real issues and social problems. A. divagate B. divide ©. direct, D. deflect 6. The high tide caused the boat to___ from side to side. A. bend B. swing ©. sway D. lean 7. The athlete accepted his reward and __ his success tohis coach and the team’s hard work. A. attributed B. assigned ©. allocated D. ascertained 8. After the huricane hit their town, many people were lft —— and had to struggle to get back on their feet, ‘A. demolished B. destitute . penurious D. wanting 8. The increase in the cost of ving has _ many stay-at-home moms to return to work. A. prompted B. elicited C. agitated D. produced GRAMMAR 1 3 ‘The corporation _to announce its new chief executive officer. A. supposed 8. is on the point C. willbe D. isdue “How wil | know i's your brother?” “He a green Ford.” A. willhave been driving B. wil drive C. willbe driving D. willhave driven ‘The aromatherapy treatment has __ wonders for him, A. done 8. played ©. made D. taken Finding new clients isn't easy, but___ you'll reap financial rewards, A. intime B. fora time ©. in the time D. bythe time “I'm afraid Mrs. Adams is running a lite lato.” “That's OK; |__ wait” AL might as well B. had better to C. would prefer D. could well ‘Dan ___hour after hour skateboarding when he was a teenager A. used to be spending B. was spending . was used to spend D. would spend ____was extremely important to the overall success of the project. ‘A. What did Karen B. Karen did what, ©. What did Karen do . What Karen did |___ my essay by the end of the week at the very latest inorder to have time to check it thoroughly, ‘A. will intend to finish B. am intending to finish C. intend to finish D. Intend to be finishing “The boss put Lynn in charge of the Personnel Department.” “I don’t think she's ___ the job." A. up with B. infor C. upto D. intocs Ustretes When reading a cloze passage frst scan the pas ‘uicky before choosing the correct answer. Second, go snment which through the text item by tem to ind out what's being mn urban areas. tested (sentence structure or overall meaning) and then quicky study the choices Use a process of elimination to narrow down the choices. Finally, read the text again to make sure your answers make sense, s to a number of programs ied by the go signed of run. it initially be {a a governmental progra aimed at enhancing inner-city hous Q) into projects that rely community participation. It deals with important urban problems fuch as faulty planning, poor landscaping, lack of ope +k io «ces ees) eens B, relaunch D. regrow The tistory of urban renewal dates back to ancient aa el times, when Rome was rebuilt by Augustus. Since then, it 2A, had gradually dev has not only played a major role in the (4) of B. gradually develops ities and their populations around the world, but it has C. has gradually veloped aio had a significant impact on their appearance and D. was gradually developing economy, For example, during the late 19th century, Pars ee a was one of the world’s most developed citi ve eae ee instead of the city’s (5) wing. stronger, it began breaking down due to increasing growth. Between 4A. demographics ©. analytes the 1850s and the 1870s, a project was initiated which B. infograpic D. geographics tore (6) large slum areas, replacing them with none nen public squares, large parks, tree-lined boulevards, and B. infrastruc aivaireramvcane ms acilities, all of which are hallmarks of Paris even today. (8) , urban renewal focuses on Sie eect Gc specific declining areas, but with a more community: Bora D. down oriented emphasis. In Oregon, for example, citizens are 7 A native acm d throughout the state's urban renewal process B. runkipal cial bef pending or development. ile urban renewal has been criticized in the past for eA tones C. Presently bringing about less affordable housing and lerge-s cae Bec (10) __ of residents to other 9 A. by discussing projects from the 19th century afeas, it has proven to be a B. by participating in special committees cessful way to improve C. when leaving dectning areas ‘community life D. while sustaining the national economy 40 A misplacement ©, clsplacement B. disengagement _D.. rearrangementw@ Writing For and Against Essays ‘opposing viewpoints of by presenting points in those against Plan ‘The introduction ciearly presents the topic. ‘The main body presents: ‘advantages and disadvantages In Separate paragraphs. We start each main body Paragraph with @ topic sentence, that is, a sentence which introduces the theme of the paragraph, Each Point should be supported by jusifications which may: include examples and/or information from the provided sources. heconclusion summarizes the points for and agains. It can also contain the writer's opinion, Introduction Parat + acatchy opening technique (quotation, reference to an interesting or unusual Scene/idea/situation, hetorical question) that grabs the reader's attention * Clear presentation ofthe topic (without stating your opinion) Main Body Para 2 * argument 1 for & justification (exampley source) * argument 2 for & justification (example/ source) Para + argument 1 against & justification * argument 2 against & justification Conclusion Para 4 summarization of points and director indirect Presentation of writer's opinion and/or Closing comments) Writing Sources ‘The three sources provided inthe writing task of the ‘exam may contain a chart/graph, a figure and a Quotation. Information on where the sources come. {romis also included. For each source used in the ‘writing task, reference to where it comes from must ‘be acknowledged. To incorporate the sources inte Your essay use the following steps: * Undertine the keywords * decide where to incorporate the source\s) in your writing * paraphrase the information * for quotes we use the exact content in quotation ‘marks or paraphrase * expand on the source (itnecessary) TIP: You can use words/phrases from the Useful language box to integrate sources into your essay. 26 Useful language Acknowledging a source: According to a recent survey/news report/study/name of person, (A weil-known/famous person) once said, Results/Data/Research from... show/indicate/reveal’ ‘suggest etc. that... ‘As reported by/stated init seems/appears that. Describing data: ‘Almost/Approximately/Nearly 30% ot/one quarter of/ ‘umber, (One in three (people, A large’small percentage/portion/amount of... A large/small/considerable/significant number of. ‘Making generalizations ‘The (vast) majoty of/Most/ Nearly a tis estimated/expected that, On the whole/n general terms /tis general fet This (act) suggests/implies/indicates.. ~has increased/decreased/riser/fallen/reduced (by). er year/each year/every year (Over the past../in recenin the last years... || 9) Read the three sources and the task, Underline the keywords. 8.1% pstcideredction rom GMOsinpast20 years, ~ recent agrcuturalepon “Oh, my fellow men, do not defile ‘your bodies with sinful foods.” sound "Public opinion about GM foods a | recent survey of 18-29 yrs old 1 worse for heath 1 beter neler better noe worse Task Essay Recently genetically modified (GM) foods have started to fill our superarket ‘of many {unsuspecting consumers. What are the arguments for ‘and against | aes ho ai addressing this topic and explain your it Include at intone m1 information, 0 support ‘your tesponse, vFetes a bb) Look atthe sources on p. 26 again and answer the following questions: 4. Which source(s) can be used to support the ‘advantages of the issue FOR)? 2. Which source(s} can be used to support the disadvantages of the issue (AGAINST)? ‘3 Could the information from any ofthe sources be Used inthe introduction or conclusion of the essay? ‘o) Using the keywords from Ex. 1a and the useful Ianguage box from p. 26, check the correct paraphrase a or b of each source from the topic inEx. ta. ‘a... Over the past 20 years, it has been shown that 8.1 percent of GMOs reduce pesticide use. b. Arecent agricultural report indicates that inthe last 20 years, GMOs have reduced pesticide spraying by 8.1 percent. ‘a. The ancient philosopher Pythagoras believed that ‘people should be wary of what they ate. 'b_... According to Pythagoras people should eat ‘whatever they liked as long as they behaved wel. ‘a Arecent survey of people aged 18-28 shows that the majority beiave that GM products are bad for you. bb... Asurvey of young people suggests that a minority of people are concemed about the heatth impacts of GM food. Read the model essay and answer the questions. 1. Which of the sources from Ex. 1a are mentioned? Undertine them in the model 2. How isthe information from the sources incorporated: to introduce or conclude the topic of the essay? in suppor of an argument? 3. What language is used to acknowledge the source? 4. Are any of the sources expanded on further? Highlight tin the model 5. What technique does the writer use to introduce the topic? 6 Gircle the arguments for and the arguments against in the model, How are they justified: with examples? with the use of a source? 7 Which paragraph contains the writer's opinion? 8 Are there any closing comments in the conclusion? Find them in the model bye ad asd 4 by ase | woe 1) The ancient philosopher, Pythagoras once said, “Oh, my fellow men, do not defile your bodies with sinful foods,” Could we apply this statement to the dangers of GM foods? Genetically modified food promises to wipe out disease and famine. However there is great controversy regarding the human health risks and the potential environmental impact. 2) There are certain advantages to GM foods. ‘One argument in their favor is that GM crops are altered to withstand disease and pests, while offering improved flavor, better quality, and tonger shelf life. Thus, more crops can be grown and more nutrients are added allowing healthier products to reach the public, Secondly, thelr stronger resistance means that fewer chemicals and pesticides are needed. Infact, over the last 20 years, GMOs have reduced pesticide spraying by 8.1 percent according to.a recent report. Needless to say, fewer chemicals ‘means not as many toxins will enter focal water supplies '3) However, there are also many drawbacks to GM foods. Opponents argue thal not enough research has been conducted on the safety of these products. They claim that there are no guarantees that GM foods are safe for the human body. For instance, ealing GM products could alter the genetic makeup of humans. It's also argued that GM crops ‘may threaten biodiversity by decreasing the richness and varlety of food. For example, some organisms might lose their original attributes which ‘might result in the loss of certain flora and fauna. 4) in conclusion, GM foods offer great benefits in terms of flavor and resistance to pests and diseases, while also posing important questions about health and environmental impacts. I am convinced that although advances tn modem science are surpassing our wildest dreams, new products should be strictly screened for safety. We need to be aware of any of the potentially harmful ‘consequences before allowing a genetically modified crop into the food chain.Formal language For and against essays ae written informal style Formal language is characterized by: + passive voice, impersonal constructions. (eg, Itis well known... tis/could be argued that...) + range of advanced vocabulary (verbs, adjectives, abstract nouns, ec), (2.9, passionate debate regarding immigration legislation) complex sentences. (2. (5 ofte” argued thet Censorship is needed to prevent the broadcast and publication of obscene material considered offensive to public morals.) inversion, especially in conditionals. (= 0, \/="= this to be tue, it would .; At na time has there been ‘a more detailed.) Use of formal expressions and linkers: (One pointlargument in favor of ..lagainst ... Somer ‘Many Experts/Scientiss/Skeptics/Criis... lam) ‘suggest that ./oppose the view that... Itis often! widely! general. claimed/suggested/arqued!felt/ heldimaintainedlbelleved that 3 8) Read the extracts. Which one would you expect to read in a for and against essay? Give reasons. » One point in favor ofreeyclingis that it aids in reducing the demand for limited resources such as paper. Infact, ‘these materials can be easily reused to make other containers and packaging materials, Naturally, this vill lessen the need to cut down more trees. 28 b) Why is the other extract not appropriate? Underline examples of short forms, colloquial ‘expressions, colloquial phrasal verbs, simplistic vocabulary, and simple linking words. 4, Replace the words/phrasesin bold with: ess expensive, it can be argued that, while itis true that, materials, outweigh, according fo current methods. You may need to change the word order. Many claim that the costs of recycting are larger than the benefits. We can say that recycling reduces our demand for ‘paper and metal resources, but really, it is sometimes ‘cheaper to process new wood and metal stuff than it is to recycle them the way we do it now. Developing Supportive Main Body Paragraphs - For and Against Arguments and Justifications Plan The points used to argue for or against along with their justifications, are presented in separate main body paragraphs. Remember to use linkers that help the reader follow your points. You can formulate arguments in the folowing way: _ Arguments for ‘Consider the arguments for by asking yourseli In what way is this good? List the reasons why itis good. ‘Choose the two best arguments. aaa acai nar emors serat hana sauah aha vay et ba? eihenaae wnytioa chaos tata ec apenae SSE Sa eas riatasae ies nae sate carbehomporans rte beac e er eae Wy co dee i tr v soca eu Sus ey acknowledge it, and expand on It if possible, See the example Sion nang ste bot extant agretaa? eon Sendo puree of Soa eel * [Respite onnomyometirasy sustain si afcetnonarout.eer besota | Sheet sooveaonherenataanoe Expanding _[~ From this revenue new jobs and businesses ‘on source | are created locally boosting the economy. 55 8) Read through arguments for and against the top: Is ecotourism a good idea? Match each argument with its corresponding justification. Which justification expands on the argument? Which ‘gives an example? Which mentions information, from a source? [Arguments (AT) Onty foreign investors and big corporations beneft financial from the ecotourism revenue rather than tocal communities, 2D Ecotourism contrbutes significant tothe ecological destruction ofan area. (EL) Money generated from ecotourism could help preserve wile Justification ‘a Inthe past three years, global waste from tourism has increased from 2.0 milion tons to 4.8 milion tons, according toa recent study. b For example, natural areas can be declered national parks and income from the ecotourism can be used to protect wild. e They make big profits and litle money is injected into the local economy.b) Using the arguments from Ex. 5a and the b) Answer the questions about the topi argument presented in the plan, write the main What are the two sides of the issue? jaragraphs. Use appropriate linkers (see eee pesearoea Vath tt eo 2 How do the sources relate to the topic of the essay? Formal Language box from Ex. 3) Start each i Sen anG kek cna Do any support a particular side/argument cw 3. What technique(s) will you use in your introduction? 4 What will you include in your conclusion? Ex. 63. Writing 6 ©) Reed the souces andthe task Underine the c)_ @ Listen to two people discussing the topic from keywords. Ex. 6a and complete the table below. OO CSS 7 rage person's oe Arr pe Gitizens will force citizens to 1) FF) Co, emissions Bj coseniedone become pat ofthe | by using 2 2 ‘solution and not the | and shop less. According to recent cB ata a ono problem. research data these activities 7 account for 3) of the average person's GO, 4) A top 100 companies = 71% of lobal CO emissions Toney raised fom | governments can use the 8) ©) Average American household = 20% of total American tax revenue could | to create green parks and E} 0, enissions ousedtorgreen | 6) throughout the Ed a rcent report projects cyto ; Ctizens are nthe ] American households - a main polluters and | 8) esponsibility for the envi a Reese) LCS Should be taxed. | 20% of total emissions compared to - for a problem they | the top 100 companies that Joe al, present of Sern the Pare! consenon sel Pe aetna aerotcening”_|oombue?¥ . Governments do unfair to 9) ratprovie | for acts when greener tuft aternatives ee not avaliable or Task Essay intastctureto | 40) sty such xen! ae eye oe ity tre choosing fo tx and fine th eizene for tar. ‘carbon emissions. What are the arguments for and | ‘against placing responsibilty on citizens alone? Write 7 ‘an essay addressing the topic and explain your opinion ‘about it. Include at least one piece of information given ‘above to support your response. Now, using the information from your answers in Ex. 6c, write your essay. Exchange your essay with a partner. Check each other's piece of writing, using ; pees Check {isi (C!s the topic stated clearly and (Does the paragraph containing (CIs the information from at least ee proer a: bape sri ate (Coban opening technique used to arguments? Is each argument and/or expanded on in the Pe lesan oe as as CoA topic sentences used to ‘Coes the aamanisncereaiing Co HaaiHave the souroste boon ee oa Lema paragraphs? arguments? Is each argument. (Have the main points been soe ae eee, (CD Are useful expressions/linkers: (Have you included you opinion in Ce eee ee 20Exemplification + You may be asked about the writer's Use of exempiication inthe text ~ microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that milion , (questions 2 and 4 botow, Tis can it into the oye ofa need ¥ (cours wien the writer refers to or ~miorobes ar the oldest ite form on oes mets someting in order Earth, dating back mare than 35 billon years? : ~ without microbes, humans couldnt eat or breathe, but without humans, they would probably be just fine? describe, explain, point out, or iestrate an idea. ‘Find the exempliication (wor) inthe text and try to understand how it ‘elates tothe surrounding materia * Do you know approximately how many cols make up the human body? How many of those are microbes? * BEIM Tink ot wo questions about microbes. Read the ext and oe you can answer them 1. What it the main purpose of the text? 2. tointroduce the relationship ' between microbes and the human Reading ody torque for further rescarch into the microbes found in ou boss © 10 describe the various functions of rierobes in the body 4 to explain the dangers some microbes present to the body Read the passage below, and answer the questions. Explain the words in bold. Then use each word in a sentence, Hocbahubing igh. Ohtosatinnesovannco corey rr tte human. if you had to count all the cells in your body, around 38 _tilion would be microbes. These microscopic creatures which, to point out how dangerous 2en Magnified, could be said to look | like horror movie monsters, microbes can be are everywhere - on your eyeballs, in your mouth, ‘your nose, b to provide a familiar ‘comparison _YOur ears, and all over your skin. A large percentage of these 10 describe how microbes behave ese a a a th ag pos eae ee ore cee are oes tier eee ein ee can Grn teachocaintntcocrocbmemnah ®t me asor outset and 1,000 species of microbes, representing about 8,000 Why does the article mention horror ‘movie monsters? _ Subspecies. This internal multitude varies so distinctly from They have all been fully identitieg _Passon to person tat it can serve a kind of finger of an individu What is clear is that most of the microbes are not invaders. bb The same number resides inal of us © They are all very similar in nature d_ They could be used as a form of Rather they are so vital for our well-being that some researchers ientication, error them an organ ofthe human body. Auman body is ike tnt third paragraph, why does the _ S complex ecosystem - a biosphero, almost. Diferent species author refer tothe human body ass _ follow thei own agendas, but colectvely they advance the here? __ ©2480 of the whole. Gut microbes, for instance, perform some ae | Indispensable functions such as helping to digest loon 8 asi boon invaded and cloized vat 8, Producing vitamins, and warding off y microbe lumi because different microorganisms This symbiosis, or “strategic alliance” between mammals and human cells are dependent ‘and microbes - that goes back milions of years —has led some upon each other _ Sclentsis to bolove that we wil never fully understand th © due toits impact upon the parts of Workings of our bodies until we understand the microbe the body where microbes live ive in them, too. By probin rarely studied owing tothe fact itis vulnerable and needs protection5 What do microbes do to the human gut? ‘a They render toxins harmless, They enrich vitamins, ¢ They spread diseases. They steal nutrients. {6 According tothe passage, why is itimportant to do further research into microbes? ‘a to encourage further study of microbes to discover the identities of more of the microbes in, the human body ¢ tolearn more about the way the human body functions J. to find out how some microbes cause particular linessos Vocabulary 1 Fill in: multitude, conclusion, obesity, intestine, workings, symbiosis, agenda, alien. 11 Many vitamins are absorbed through the walls of the small a food passes through it. 2. Scientists have come to the that each ‘one of us hosts between 500 and 1,000 species of microbes. 3. Every species follows its own for its survival, which is often dependent on other species. 4 The between plants and animats has allowed each to beneft from the other. 5 Children are eating more and more fatty foods, hich is leading to an alarming rise in 6 Rove ‘of microorganisms work to fight off disease in the body, 7. There is always more to learn about the complicated inner of the human body. 8 Many ‘species of plants have been introduced into a region far from their native habitat, posing a threat to the environment, health, and safety 2. Circle the correct item. 1. Apoor diet can have a profound effect on a person's general physical a well-being © gain b outcome prosperity 2 The injured patient was in but stable condition. a vital © urgent b titical important 3. Scientists are only able to see a virus by... it hundreds of thousands of times with an electron microscope, a. intensifying b accentuating 4 The research center © multiplying dd magnifying as both a laboratory and a clini. 2 suits © serves stands suffices 10 The paramedic put a special bandage around the patient's hand the broken bones, paralyzing © deactivating b disabling immobilizing ‘The brillant young scientist was tothe research project. a indispensable © undeniable b unquestionable d_ indisputable Humans bacteria which can benefit their health a shelter © lodge b board host ‘The ten states invalved in the research project spent $1,000,000 on it a. fractionally © coincidentally b jointly partially Jean often her doctor's advice thinking nothing will ever happen to her a cuts off © shrugs off b casts off shuts off The smashed a window to got into the laboratory and then stole some very expensive ‘equipment. a. intruders © invaders b violators outsiders ‘Make notes under the headings. Use your notes to tell the class a summary of the text. ‘What are microbes? Where are they? What do they do? What benefits can arise from studying them? [TT Jin groups, collect information about microbes. Prepare a quiz about them. 3132 + Iftwo to Grammar Infinitive-Gerund (sppenteaenine) 9 initives are joined with and or er, the to of the second infinitive can be omitted. - They agreed to come and help us. Ma verb is followed by a preposition, the reposition will appear at the end of the sentence. ~ | used @ new brush to paint my fence with, We can use to in order to avoid repeating a verb clause. - I've never gone to.a concert, but 'd lke to. || Choose the correct answer. 1 *Did you speak with Jack?" “Yes. He promised... OUF proposal.” a to-come and to discuss b to.come and discuss © come and to discuss come and discuss 2 “So, what did your lawyer say?" “He advised me... legal action unless | have an extremely strong case.” a tonot take © not to be taking not taking dot to take 3 *How’s Gus?" “Actually, since being aid of, he seems staying at home diffcutt.” tobe finding © hes finding » tofinaing 4d tohave been found 4 "Do youknow what the company is thinking of dong?” “Well, I hear they found a new partner fs ‘8 merging with the firm 1b tobe merging with the fm © tomerge the firm with 4d tomerge the firm 5 “Congratulations on getting into Brown University! “Thanks! To be honest I didnt expect...” 2 getting accepted b togetting accepted © toget accepted tobe getting accepted 6 "Whats the company’s view on recycled materials?" They're a great idea. Why not them in our new packaging?” a using b use © use of d touse 7 “The curry house | went to was amazing!” \ve never tried Indian food, but @ I'dioveto © Mdlove trying b Fdlove to try _ Mdlove the try 8 "We regret... YOu that we are unable to accept your proposal,” “Isee. Thank you for your time and consideration.” a forinforming © tobe informing b informing 4 to inform 2 3 Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct infinitive or gerund form. 1A: Dan's company seems very successful B: Yes, He claims (make) a proft of over $10 milion, 2 A: Are you going anywhere this weekend? B: Well, Tom suggested (drive) up to Vermont, 3A: Do you want to come out with us tonight? B: Thanks, but | would prefer (spend) the evening at home, 4 A: | didn't see Mary at practice yesterday. Is she 0K? B: Yes. Mary didn't go to practice because she was made (Clean) her room, 5 A: Can you explain how... interactive whiteboard? B: Of course! Let me show you how easy itis, (operate) the 6 A: Has the supervisor been informed yet? B: No, not yet. I dread «(hear his reaction, 7A: Did the professor actually make such a derogatory comment? B: Ihave difficulty (believe) it 8 A: Do you thnk you willbe abe to handle things today? B: Yes, | think I've had enough practice (manage) the new online system, 9 A: Where are the reports? 8: I'saw John . (take) thom to his office and place them on his desk, ‘There are certain verbs that take the to-infinitive {and the -ing form but with a change in meaning Femember + full infinitive = not forget to do something - Did you remember to pay the phone ile temember + gerund = recall a past event — "Il always remember having my picture token with ‘Matthew McConaughey Choose the correct answer. 1 Ireally hate «t0.do chores at home as, they'e exhausting a tohave © tobe having b having having been 2 Frank won't take them up on their offer itt means his weekends, a sacrifice b having sacrificed © tosacriice sacrificing9 Helen was afraid the unfortunate oversight to her supervisor. a tomention © of mentioning mentioning d_ tobe mentioning 4 When Tim realized he was completely lost, he stopped for directions. a tobeasked © toask bb having to ask tobe asking ‘5 Having finished the lecture, the professor went on . _ our assignments. 2 explaining © explain b toexplain d_ having explained 6 We tied «nnn the manager, but he was unavailable. ‘a tobecontacting the contact of b tocontact d_ tohave contacted 7) Matthew forgot his credit card bill on time ‘and received a late payment fee. paying © tohave paid tobe paying d topay 8 'mterrbly sony you in this terrible situation. for involve © toinvolve b involving involve Use the verbs in the list in the appropriate gerund or infinitive form to complete the sentences. + service « wear *help + answer + talk + stop + delay ‘raise + understand + buy * dismiss + go 11 The suspect was last seen ive2ring a hooded ‘sweatshirt and a baseball cap. 2. This car desperately needs 3. Mr. Adams was advised drinking coffee, 4. Senator Maverick is considering devoting himself to homeless people. 5 tis evident that the government will not resort to taxes in the near futur. 6 Many people dread sone 19 Work after their vacation. 7. Given the seriousness of the dispute, the attorney suggested the appeal 8 The lecturer proceeded without ‘once looking at his notes. © To conclide, the company never intended employees until the following year. 10 Our supervisor is having dificity ve of the new company procedures, 14 Ididn't hesitate questions. all the detective's 12. Imatraid I forgot newspaper. CT) ‘© Stuty the context of the sentence carefully as this ‘often inluences the answer you wl choose, > Review Choose the correct answer 41 The contactor ropes... our company's recenty purchased ofc bling na month, 2 ising remodeling © fish remodel tofrishremodaing dish fo reodel 2. I believe that... citizens oftheir rights promotes ‘consumer awareness. a. we inform © our informing b if weare informing 4 the informing of ‘3. You will realize the magnitude of the problem once | analyzing the data finish © will have finished billfish have been finishing 4 This research program isn't... the previous one. ‘a comprehensive as bas comprehensive than © more comprehensive as das comprehensive as 5 “Doyyou think we should draw up a budget for next year?” "Well, | think its worth a tobe tried © toty b trying being tried 6 The {WO vn. $0 many ways. 8 alke brothers © alke brothers are brothers are alke —d_ brothers are like 7. I'm sorry, but l object to to meet this new deaatine a. rushing c have rushed bb being rushing dust the project in order Bunn walking program, you should get a medical check-up first @ Having begun © Before beginning b_ Beginning d_ Tohave begun 9 The young politician is believed... an important role in last week's peace talks. a toplay © playing tobe playing d_ tohave played 10 “Any plans for tomorrow night?” “Well, I'm supposed ...... Brian. a. tobe meeting © tohave been met b_ tohave met d_ tohave been meeting $4 Wa ensue Haison in New York? ‘a notitarey that met ¢ it Carey that met b Carey that met Garey the one met 42. When oa the lagal documents back? a does he bring ‘e he might bring bwillhe bring d__ he aught to bring 3334 Exam Practice CSE Part 1 In this part, you will hear short conversations. After each conversation, you will hear a question about it. You will hear leach conversation and question once, The answer choices are printed in the test booklet. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, not in the test booklet. You should mark A, 8, C, or D. Do you have any questions? Oe Why is the man talking to the woman? ‘A. because he is very late B. because he needs her phone number . because he is looking for someone . because he thought she was someone else 2 What will the boy do forthe git? ‘A. help her clean the house B. go shopping for her . type up her homework D. send her his class notes 3. What is the meeting about? ‘A. the appointment of a new VP BB. the sales pitch of a new product, C. the formation of a focus group D. the drafting of a report 4 What is the woman nervous about? ‘A. not finding somewhare to park B. not having studied enough C. not passing her driving test D. not remembering where her car is 5 What can be inferred about the man? A. Hels sick. B. Heis a dentist. ©. He has a toothache, D. He is afraid of dentists 6 How does the man feel? ‘A. disappointed about a recent purchase . excited about a new gadget C. ‘reluctant to change his ways D. annoyed at the woman's interference 7 What does the woman imply about Emily? ‘A. She is not able to do the work B. She lacks the confidence to stand out. C. She has become complacent in class, D. She should be atthe top of the clas. 8 What does the woman suggest the man do? A. buy two gitts B. play the lottery C. visits sister D. callhis uncle Identifying a summary (© Some questions will ask you to identity a summary of the Information you hear Le, What are the speakers discussing? ‘Whats te presentation about? tc. these kinds of questions, ‘tis impertant to beable to recagnize the pertinent information of the whole recording. Before you listen, read the question and options carefully Undetine the keywords and phrases and think of wht the speakers might be aking about When you listen, pay attention to words or phrases related to the keywords in each option to help you eliminate the wrong answers 9. Why doss the man mention his pets? ‘A. to give a reason for his generosity B. toilustrate his suitability or a role . tohighight his deste to help D. to show his motivation 10 What does the man think about the woman's suggestion? ‘A. He believes hor assistance is unnecessary. B. He doesn't want to inconvenience her. C. He questions the need of her assistance, D. He thinks it will be a great help. 11 How wil the git help the boy? A. She wil read his report, B. She will check his findings, ©. She will give him room to work. D. She will lend him a book. 12 What are the speakers discussing? A. a development project B. their future plans C. the cost of social change D. anew shopping experience 13 What will the woman probably do later? A. caller client B. finish the yearly report CC. work through the night D. hand in all her work 14 What is probably the vioman's relationship to the company? A. She is a new emplayee, B. She is a manager, ©. Shes a customer. D. She is an existing staff member. 18 What will the man probably do next? ‘A. go gitt shopping B. getahaircut C. goto the airport D. pack his suitcase 16 What does the man think of the movie? ‘A. He thinks it was too formulaio, B. He believes itll Become a classic . He thought the portrayals were unbelievable D. He was disappointed in the aesthetics,Part 3 Inthis part, you wil hear two segments from a radio program. After each segment, you will hear six questions about it Before each segment begins, you will have time to preview the questions that are printed in the test booklet. ‘Yu will hear each segment twice. Then you will hear the {questions once. if you want to, you may take notes in your ‘booklet as you listen. Mark your answers on the separate ~arswer sheet, not in the test booktet. You should mark A, 8, ore. Do you have any questions? Look at the questions. Then listen to the first segment. 4. What event in the latter part ofthe 20th century does the first speaker refer to? A. the identification of different infections B. the discovery of healing mushrooms . advances in how diseases were treated 2 What does Tom Bradbury say about the use of ‘mushrooms in Japan? ‘A. They are used to boost the immune system. B. They are primarily used as a cancer treatment. CC. They are used to improve nutrition in people’s diet. 3. Why does Dr. Richards mention a recent study? ‘A. to highlight the previous ignorance ofthe scientific community B. to emphasize the importance of conducting experiments, C. to.draw attention to the progress that sil needs to be made 4. According to the speakers, what is true about mushrooms? ‘A. They stimulate the immune system, B. They are used in all antibiotics, C. They have many side effects. 5 According to Dr. Richards, why is the frequent use of antibiotics harmful to people? ‘A. They are too specific in ther treatment. B. They become ineffective against viuses. ©. They affect our gut health, What is the main purpose ofthis report? ‘A. toceducate listeners about the power of gaod nutrition B. to announce a medical breakthrough . to discuss the need for scientific studies cy Identifying Main Purpose Thefinal question n Part 3 is frequently a question asking What {s the purpose of this report? This type of question is based on the recording as a whole but the answer may be found anywhere inthe recording at the begining, inthe middle, oat, ‘the end. tis therefore extremely important that you read al the ‘questions inthe time given before you listen, This will help you repare for everything you will be asked. While you liste, the ‘questions will appear in the order you hear then, but Keepin ‘mind that you also have to answer that final queston using information from anywhere inthe recording Look at the questions. Then listen to the second segment. 7 What are the animals ofa wildlife reserve thought to have done before the tsunami hit in Sri Lanka? ‘A. They moved toa safer area, B. They were saved by elephants, . They wandered around in a daze. 8 What is one theory concerning animal behavior before an earthquake? ‘A. Animals perceive changes in coastal areas. BB. Animals possess.a unique abiity that humans do nat C. Animals cannot detect environmental changes. 9 What reason does Susan Boswell give for seismologists ‘being skeptical about animals predicting earthquakes? ‘A. They claim earthquakes are unpredictable B. There isn't any concrete evidence concerning animal behavior. C. Only specific earthquakes trigger animal behavior. 10 Why does Dr. Nakashima mention the evacuation of a Chinese city in 19757 ‘A. to compare different kinds of animal behavior B. to show there are many reports of animal behavior which can’t be attributed to chance . to show that a variety of reasons lead to Unpredictable animal behavior 14 What can research into natural disaster responses prove tous? ‘A. Sounds don't impact animal reactions. B. Humans’ senses have evolved considerably . Animals could help save lives in the future 12 Whatis the main purpose of this report? A. to investigate @ spurious claim B. to discuss a scientiic discovery . to highlight a strange phenomenonpanne a afthetetbutnolthetxtasauhole throughout the tex * How has the food we eat changed in the last hundred years? Why do you think thas changed? 1. Whats the main idea of the . Po you think food will change inthe future? 7 How? passage? * What do you think a ‘nanodiet” is? Read the toxt to find out. ‘8 Nano-foods may bring many benefits, despite some concems, b_ There is no reason to fear narwtonce. Reading 6 Westav abt to mam aa nave ode, Read he passage elo, and anever the questions. Expl the words in ‘ Bold Then use ech word in sontonee, 4 Naren hve teers 2. na aiterence between regular People quite often overeat when eating a favorite food Science, food and nano-food does the howovesis warkingonasaktontoths pasiemsaveveral cea bessage pot out? rothig We aed: molecu sac tos costo eekesrn, 2 Naver leas nately ling tl etn eto avd oatngtoe mash Foote oes boreal tear fl faster the booming of uh maotsareany Nao is manpte at he Coupes doo ou fod, lore ows tancoade een moc every oo tat can ater have ta endy cocing ee Pesaro ates beter tan erhnoed or mw nner niece 10008 nee ete en mote fod thewihot hak these pariceacanbooaues ey 4 Fear fos nr atarin avateyoftnctonstonproinaieedtatetoponteete ety tee val of oat ot para Tet already nao foods surety on he mast and mary 2 ein sntanze oprah 2 ‘cc scents tah tchnony no Seapccarcors ca ft art cel of seach tag pace to cange or fon on ne minute or ‘nano’ scale, This work anges from the design of tiny sensors, protest © preserve which can detect when food is about to: ‘spoil, to packing unhealthy fatty b assert confirm {ods low in nutritional value with vitamins and enabling them to offer 4 4 What is implied about the effect Slight benefit. Furthermore, nutrients normally broken down in the rnano-food will have on people's stomach can be instructed’ to remain encapsuiated untl they reach the nutrition? intestine where they are absorbed straight into the bloodstream where Its hidden instructions can inorease they are nesded, addictiveness, However, the very fact that such tiny particles ~ even smaler than a Is sensor wil increase proftablty "rus can bypass tho body's own defense mechanisms i concerning of stores, Some scientists, because the effects ofthis are stil largely unknown and ‘equite further investigation. Not only this, but the specter of the issues Surrounding genetically-modified (GM) food stil looms large, and ‘Famnpanles are understandably ara of pubic distrust. s tempting to Pelieve that with such benefts these conoems don't matter however tke any item for human consumption, we have to fully understand! what we put in our mouths, 36 i © Its modifications wil not be ‘conducive to a balanced diet, Its characteristics will eliminate food waste.5 According to the passage, what are some scientists, 5 That chet ‘earns one milion dollars a year, ‘worried about? but no one knows for sure possible interactions between nano-food and GM 2 admittedly © marginally eer reputediy 4. ostensibly bb the etfects of nutients ticking the immune system eee eae = viruses entering the bloodstream ofthe new food product and took steps to void @. theerfects of nano-foods broken down in the can stomach a encouraging © promising 6 What implication in the passage does the author b auspicious 4. potential Ukely disagree with? 7. The diet supplements, in aneasy-to- a Nano-foods ae ready for wide scale market swallow pil consumption ‘8 embedded © engrossed bb There are safety concems about nano-foods. b engraved 4. encapsulated © Nano-foods have a bad pubic reputation 3 ine oe (ano-foods require more research. average aN " woman is about 2,000 per day. a destined © designed b recommended intended Vocabulary 9 There ie usually no need to take vitamin it {| Flin: sensor, bloodstream, nuttional vate, specter, you have a balanced dit break down, looms large, modified. efereirs} opacine A The heat... on a thermometer Ser eet enables the reading of the temperature of the food 40 Thedoctor told Cindy to from eating 3 2 Thescientist. cn the solution wth seafood. acid to make ft stronger. abide © abstain 3 The failure ofthe restaurant to meet the required b abort 4. abate hygiene standards raised the of legal action. Li ing GbE) 4 Anintense debate onthe future of nano-foods Listening, Speaking — ‘as companies continue to develop & Writing new products, complex substances into simpler ones. i sia eis 7. Junk food is mostly made up of fat and sugar with ‘We could 1) oa ee eee tur ountood andainia” | nenetoode on + “Gad foods could bemede | 2) 2 Circle the correct answer. healthier. are still largely + "Sma food cul block or} uno Baca a 0 ty an ont with a microscope. acetate release certain ingredients to|* Nanoparticles a trivial ¢ immaterial eee eee! jena be eae + Food could be wrapped in and 4) 2 Se UN ee Fe tn lege enh ak wat at las eo totay he ony had a sandwich that can detect 5) lagers. a commonly «trary + Fed tacking wi b habitual veel + ccd code 6) feats seat 3. Too much salt in your diet can your or Sree ceed | —— theta ale way 0 your a collapse © impair ee borer a + BEEIIIL wnat do you think about nano-food? ts 4 Scents haves hat fod alg al ito igang or benefice? Dlecune with a pertner tight main ctogoen, a determined © defored + BETS ite a short paragraph on the topic decreed on [weeettng your iewpotrn Read you pararagh + Gj Listen to two people taking about the pros and ons of nano-food. Complete the table. Use the ‘completed table to present the topic tothe cass. (Once swallowed, the oral medication takes a hif-hour to enter the . os The enzymes in our digestive system the class. Who shares the same opinion(s) as you? 3738 TATUNG 1 His advice had no__ on her decision to move to San Diego and she moved anyway. A. connection B. bearing C. relevance D. meaning ‘Nicholas took a month off from work to___ from his ‘operation and undergo physiotherapy. ‘A. recuperate B. recapture . recapitulate D. reciprocate The president ___the legislative bill passed by Congress and the bill was finally defeated A. vacated B. invalidated C. vetoed D. inveighed Vaccinations are given to children and the eldery to ___ the flu as they are the most vulnerable group, A. hold off B. fond off C. push off D. ward off Fortunately, our neighborhood was __ affected by the tornado with ust a few trees blown over. A. slighty B. narrowly ©. terribly D. minimally The fim _was trained in using the latest techno'ogy to create special effets, A crew B. stat ©. cast D. troop There was no ___ of truth to Luke's claim that he was abducted for ransom, A slice B. shred C. scruple D. scrap In human reproduction, the ___of the male determine the gender of the baby. A. platelets B. chromosomes ©. gametes: D. nucle Melissa's headache was caused by her nasal__ so the doctor prescribed her a nasal spray to relieve it. A. contusion B. concussion ©. congestion D. constriction 10, 1" 12. 43, 4. 15, 16. 7. 18. Simone wanted to make ___for the argument with her {riend by inviting her to dinner A. corrections 8. excuses ©. apologies D. amends George is very indecisive and impressionable and that is why he tends to foliow the AL brood B. mass ©. herd D. mob My brotherhad __feeling that something was going to happen moments before his accident. A. awarm B. an uncanny C. anastounding D. en unearthly ‘The national __of India consists of four Indian lions resting on a circular abacus, ‘A. emblem B. symbol ©. logo . anthem ‘The committee's vote was__ and the policy was put into effect immediataly, A. unified B. united ©. uniform, ©. unanimous ‘The young boy kept a signed baseball as a___of the time he met his favorite player ‘A. mnemonic B. memory ©. memento D. memorial ‘The situation had gotten out of hand and the police were forced to__and arrest the protestors. A. intervene B. apbitrate . interrupt D. interject Glaire made no_ about stating her belie in natural medicine to the doctor. A ams B. cars ©. bones D. eyes Exercise and good eating habits are__ to having a healthy lifestyle and should be promoted in children as often as possible. ‘A. inherent B. innate C. ingrown D. intrinsic.18, at. 2. ‘The police took the ___items from the raid back to the station to serve as evidence. |A, repossessed B. sequestered . confiscated D. expropriated Bobby slowly back into the house while everyone ‘was sleeping and they never knew he had been out A. prowled B. crept ©. swept D. skuked Martin was always very ___ about what he did at work: ‘and never gave a straight answer. A vague B. erratic, . dubious D. resistant The new law on people's right to freedom of ‘speech and is considered a form of censorship. A. hinders B. transgresses ©. violates D. infringes People who always in on other people's ‘conversations get on my nerves! A. butt B. burst C. thrust D. ram ‘The undercover cop was able to __ the local gang through informants and gather evidence against key mombers, A. pierce B. penetrate ©. access: D. procure Her idealistic view of school is at ___with the realty of college lfe and has come as quite a shock to her. A. difference B. variety ©. discrepancy D. variance With the advancement in technology, many devices Used in the past have become _ A. obsolete B. bygone ©. extinct D. void ‘The decor ofthe restaurant was _by the numerous ‘mirrors and spotlights. reinstated reinforced enhanced raised pop> 3. ‘The school board has _funds to updating the classrooms with interactive whiteboards. A. mandated B, donated ©. administrated D. commited ___ of fans showed up at the band's retirement concert. A. Swarms B. Gangs ©. Piles D. Hordes ‘The business agreement did not __when the project, would be completed A. stipulate B. nominate C. regulate D. iterate Phil had a reputation for being iar and nobody ‘would trust what he said. ‘A. an oppressive 8, animpulsive ©. acompulsive D. aconvulsive ‘The pop star prepared for the __of her new fragrance. A. veling B. commencement ©. exhibition D. launch ‘The lawyer believed his cient was not treated in a__ manner and appealed the court's decision. A. righteous B. just C. upright D. valid Ben kept the young crowd __ by reading in different voices and using funny acoents. A. beguiled B. allured ©. captivated D. ensnared| Police and the neighborhood watch group work in _ to ensure the safety of the community A sync B. tandem ©. tangent D. correspondence ‘The local football team was on a winning hoping to make it to the championship. A. stip B. streak ©. string D. stipe He was put on blood thinning medication in order to avoid blood _ and a possible thrombosis. A. blobs B. clots ©. lumps: D. clumps: 39