You are on page 1of 130
THe Ht TT The art of systems thinking Essential Skills for Creativity and Problem Solving Joseph O'Connor and lan McDermott yh res Thorsons VickycctBo cUcTemMHoro MbILUJIGEHUA Heo6xogumpie 3HaHMA 0 cucTeMax 4 TEOpYecKOM nogxoge K peweHvio npoGnem 2xo3ed O’Konnop vw Man Makgepmotr Tlepeson c anranitcKoro Mocxsa 2006 Y]IK 159,9.01 Hisnano npn conettcranm BBK 88,3 Hewrpa toasn: Texonoraa ynpannenns (HTY) oll ISBN 5-9614-0335-1 (pye.) e ISBN 0-7225-3442-6 (aurn.) ou Tepenog B. Umucxepa ‘Haysttert penakrop 10, PyGatin Peaaxrop M. Toncrixona Buinyexaiouusit penarrop I]. Cynoposa O’Konnop Ix. Mckycerno ciicremnoro MbittineHita: HeoGxonmmele sania © CHCTeMaXx M TROPTeCKOM Hopxone K pewienwio NpoGnem/ {bxosedp O’Konnop 1 Han Maxpepmorr. — M.: Anpmuna Busnec ByKc, 2006. — 256 c. ISBN 5-9614-0335-1 Faguan sanira — menenne w ucxyecruo cicresmtoro sustinesen, pocceas o mpm: TAX. MeToAa IycAOCTHOrO TOMMMALLA CORI GHCTEM, o CHOFICTRY MOREACHINE KOTOPREK Conpenesmercu xapaxrepom Quoefl sexy IX EOALTOMEATANN H NpeRCTAWNESNLAAE ReNTe- ieutin 8 1Oix sooRetl. AwTopan ymLIVge AocTINE HeoburtOnD coveratnUT ObpestIocTH st ryGwina Goarogups oncamian npoSaewsix arryaIye mpi MaMOLU MpHUHTHO-cHENc- “Toellihax LiWcHon — Afenouee YewMRAICUUEX 1 GalaLcEpyronigin: ebpariiux ceseft, Taro NOOR AACT NNTATEMO YHNKATLEYI BOAMOARTIOCTE osMOBpeseHNO HCTOMAORATE CHOM cnocoBnoctn & obpaitiony HocHpAATINO H AOTETFECKNRTY MATINERD, STOGH: HATH BeOp- ZRuMpriie THepNEcKMe pervera. Kira nares mpocrisn, neMrsny AOUIKOM, ro REMRET ce ACCTYNON HIpORONY epyry turraresei. Crynesrass, sonogiam yvemMst m creTULAANCrAM om ToMCOKeT ctbopsa onze. 1 pasnnr cncrestioe suiponoxspeme. Fposhecctionanay — yen H pysonoy ‘TOTRN, ROWICTEIMTED B PeICHNE COHWENBHCY NOMETI-VECKH, AKOMOMIUECKII, YINpARTeN- SECEME, MCHKOAOMMECKNE, SKOROERECEINE H ApYTK CAOKEEE Mpofinent, KITS NaeT MOMIERIA HRCYpYMEET KOMMETyAMEHORD mOeETHpORAMNs. OHA MOKET CraTh aCHOROIL Mpopuanmax petiennft m mo6nix o6naerax. YIEK 159.9.01 BBK 68.3. Hee npaéa sanquayenie Huinaean acre amnof wreuee ue moxcem Siem doenpousteilena 6 Kael Bis mo nM Bere ‘Pope us wansonies Gre mo nus Gun cpederbanes Bes uc Mennoce Paspeninnen Bxoteretia abmopesies npeb. © Jowph O'Connor and lan McDermott, 1997. Enepnaie taman vi aterniicxoM sun HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, Panainte Ha pyeerom scesse, nepeten, expopsLne- ane, OOO «A.remna Bitaes Byses, 2006, Tecariecam penserop H. Jue. Koppexrop If. Fanyteda Kostmninrepran weperia A. Adpaas Tlommicao w nears, 31.03.2006. Dopasr 60 x90 "is Byam oxcerman Ne |. Tesuctn odsoerrian. Gre 16 res. Thipioe SOD0 os. Saas NF 1988 Xynomentk oGnoxa M. Coretoda (8 odopaineana oGnoxsn menem.sona: chparmenr kaprmma xynoacnmma X. Mupe.) Arumuica Brtanee Byre 125060 Moca, aln 28, Ten. (495) 105-77-16 seww.alpina.ri, e-mall info@ulpina ru ‘OmevataHo n OAO HTK «znawonc 432980, r. Ymuanoner, y2. Fowrapona, 14 flow newararm OMAB/IEHVE (Cuctemtoe mammmienne kak HCKYCCTBO MIpasiMBol MpoOcroTbt Tlpeancnopne k pyCcKOMy HafanHIO .... 6... ee eee eee eee 9 MIpenMcnoBie -..2.)5 5208 Ve ss eae ees eee eee eet eee eee eis 17 Baaromapnoctn ...... ddetencenerveessecteseveereersererrald BPR INCREAS 5c sate tin c0 Hit ae Std. NAT Ue na rerNT ae Ma ieee ececaar TH 20 Macrp 1 MBIINJIEHHE 3A MIPESEJIAMM OYEBHIIHOTO ..........- 27 Taapa 1. “to takoe crictema? ......... sree cece ene edd BOsHUKHOBeHHe CHCTEMHBbIX CBOfCTB — BOLOBOPOTLI H panyrin Tlpocrsie 1 crmxnnie CHcTeMnL. Cnetema kak mayTuna Cra6umpnoct H MpHHUET prruara.. Trapa 2. KonTypHoe MBIMLICHHE 2.0.0... 00 cece eee eee AB Tera o6parHoft cans — cynyHocre cHCTeM. 2.26... 0.. 66 48 Yenmmeaiouyas o6parnaa cons OKRCHOnEHIMAADHDI pOct — saa «Ha 3ACRITIKY” «06.645 55 Ypasnonemmaaonjan obpaTiad CBIsb Yopexraionjas o6parnan cai3b — Hasan B Gynymtee .. Kora Mei He YUHMca Ha ONITe....... OrseTst Ha BonpocH, CBASAHHBIC C SKCHOHEHLMAIBHBIM POCTOM...... 0620622005 75 PestoMe: 4aCTb MEpBAh 2... see e ee cc essen eet en eee e een LO =—_ oa MCKYCCTBO CHICTEMHOTO | Yactb 2 TIOCTPOEHHE MEHTAJIBHBIX MOJIEJIEH . . Tnapa 3. Menranbrbie Mopenn we TD ++ 83 88 795 Kak MbI Cogjlaem CBOW MeHTaIbHhe MO;ENH. MenrasbHble Moyen Kak cHcTeMa .. TlposepKa MeHTambHEX Mogenett . Orper a sagzasy 0 Tpex Kopo6Kax . Tana 4. [pwona 1 coencrene - Tp saGnyxqerma. . [pe croponst xaoca . Taapa 5. 3a npenenamn normKH - Yaer dbaxropa spemernt 2112 Camonprmenenne 4 pexypcna ole Orpanuinpaioume MeHTaBHBe MOET - 6 MentanbHble MOE Kak TOUKA NpHiOAcHHA pHriara.....122 Orper na sajauy 0 noespax - 125 Pesiome: ach BIOPAR.... 02... cee eee eeeeeeeeee een eees 126 acre 3 MbICJINTb I1O-HOBOMY. 129 Taapa 6. O6ysenne OGyuenne Kak CHcTeMa .... Tlopoaxnaomjee oGyyenne .. Uro Ham Memaer yunTHcA?... Tapa 7. Paxypc, nepcnerrusa . . Bsriajl MSHY TPH HIM H3BHe . Sema tieckasa WIM Kpyrnaa?. Hopora Ban Pesiome: ¥acTh TpeTest . acre 4 PHCYEM BBIBOJIDI .........- 26... cece e eee n eee e ee eeen ee Tlepeniocum mityHTHBHoe sHaHMe Ha Kapry Tipanwia nocrpocHia CHcTeMHEX MOneelt, . Cioxerane HHH Ber wa mecte .... OrpannueHHOCTs MpMpomHBIxX PECYPCOB.... 2.642. .6 serene 184 OrpannieHns BHELIHHE H BHYTpeHHHe Bopp6a ¢ sum BECOM Vamenenne neneit, Qlonrn 4 Kpemwr . Korga neyenne xyrxe Gomesnn .. JKvaHb 10xoxKa Ha TOKEp .. Monononns ‘Tparemna CHCTeM KOJUIEKTHBHOFO HCHONbIOBAHHH. . Pesiome: Yactb eTREpTaR Yacrb 5 SAMBIKAEM KPYT Ycranapinpatire cBasH .. .. Harum neficrana HMeIoT MHOKeCTBO TOCHenCrBHEL Peaynbratel He COOTRETCTBYIOT YCHAHSIM . . Cuctema He Mower pelicrpobaTb nyse, eM MOSBOMHET e€ CHAGEMLICE 3BEHO.. 16. eee eee eee eee eee 224 Kparkaa ncropia cictemHoro MBIMNIEHHA . Bu6nuorpacpus Cuctembi. ... Ku6epretika Pasnoe. UBTePHeT-PeCyPChl. os ee ccc err e cree cere rnc ete es reeee 243 Tlporpamamioe oGecteyenne 114 KOMITbIOTepHOrO MOEMMPOBAHIA CHCTEM. . Tnoccaprit OG6yuenne - Jlreparypa ... CICTEMHOE MbILUIEHVE KAK UCKYCCTBO MPABAUBON MPOCTOTHI MPEQUCIOBME K PYCCKOMY M3fAHUIO Ko280 Yyenosex pasbAn MUP HO YOCMU, OH nepecman noxuMamb dedicmaue 30KCHOR He MonbKO GOMECKUX, HO U YenoBeyeCKUX Jiao-Liabi Must nopwxact nac pasnoobpasiem Ht Cno%KHOCTbIO BO BCex O6nac- TAX YENOBEYECKO! JleMTenbHOCTH: MpodeccHOHaNbHOA, CONMATBHOM, cCeMeHHOn, NWiHol. TbTaAch BHAKHYTh B CyTb BOAHYWOMMX Hac npobrem, su6paTs paljwonannuyio crpatermio noBepenua 1 cchopmy- ABPOBATE TnaH AeCTRNH, MEI cTankHBaeMcA C XHTPOCIMeTeEHHEM Gompiiore cia pasnoponrerx daxtopos m cBasert, KOTOpAe He BMe~ MIAIOTCA B YeOBeTecKOe COSHAHHe, HE OXBATLIBAIOTCA HM. dina TOrO “TOG mpeononeTh Gappep CHOKHOCTH, MbI HadHHaem yIponyaTD HH- Tepecyioule Hac WKUSHEHHEe ABJIEHHA, JENHM WX Ha GaCTH, moouepen- HO PaccmatprHBacm pasnwiiple acteKTbI, cCropornbI mpobsemut. B pe- SyibTaTe Tomy4aeTcA HeECKOALKO KapTHHOK, MpoeKiMil, pasmMwHBIXx TOVEK SPeHHA Ha ORME H TOT Ke OGpEKT. BoaMoxHO, HEKOTOpHIe 13 HEX Bee ene BHIFNALAT CHMINKOM CIOKHBIMH HM SallyTaHHBimMn. Tora Mbl AeNHM Ha YACTH H OTH KapTHHKH, pacCMaTpHBaeM HX ¢ pasHbIX Cropon um Tax payee, AO Tex NOP, NOKA OHH He OKAKYTCA MOCTATOTHO NPOcThIMn jL1A TOHHMaHHA, Mbi Hacronexo upnmnikan pemiate mpobnemmi «10 YacTsMm, atia- AHSMPOBATE CHTYANHH B OTNEMbHBIX aCHIeKTaX, YTO TaKOM MOAXON, kaxetca nam Gesycnopubim Gnarom, HeO6xOAHMEIM MpH3HaKOM Hayt- Horo, O6nekrusnoro topxoga. PaccmorpeTb MpoGmemy Tom pasHbIMn a qi: WCKYCCTBO CHCTEMHOTO MbILITEHIAR ed yMIaMH, HaYYHT ee NeTATbHO — Beerna IH 3TO xopomo? Tpoésmema B TOM, YTO B pesysbTaTe TAKOrO «pactneHMONjero» MOyXOLa HpHXo- AWTCA HMeTh eNO ¢ paspOsHeHHEIM, (pparMeHTapHAIM BHeHTeM ulttepecyronyero Hac anne. Ja, Mil HMeeM Ha6Op CHUMKoR, Barna- NOB Ha CHTyaNMO C pasHBM cropor. Borpoc B TOM, Kak BCe 9TH CHMMKH, MIpOeKIHH CBaASaHbI MexKY COGoM. Trobsr mpencrasnTe cebe xapaktep BOZHHKalOIef MpH 3TOM MpobseMLI, BOOGpasuM, YTO HaM HYKHO CIOAKHT GOMbULYIO MO3AHKY, BEEHHMad 13 KOpOOKH ee OTJIe- ABHBIC KYCOUKH Hf [IPH 9TOM He HMed B romoKe O6paga Toro nenoro, KOTOPOE LOMKHO TOMY IHTDCA. Kaxoe 61 spnenne unm O6bexKT, HesaBHCHMO OT Hx UpHpomM Hm MacluitaGa, Mbl HH B3sUIM — SKOHOMMKY CTpakbl B MHPOROM 9KOHO- MBYeCKOM [Mpocrpancre, MONMTHYecKyw OGcraHOBKY B perHone, AKOAOTHVECKYIO CHTYANMO B TOPOMe, KOHKYPEHTHH B OTPaciH, OTHO- INCHHA BMOGICHHOM HapH WIM CeMbM B COLMANbHOM cpene — Bese MBI HMeeM leno C HeNOCTHOM CHCTeMOi, CyMyecTROBaHHe KOTOpOIt OGYCHOBAEHO BIAHMOBNHSHHEM ee KOMMOHEHTOR. Tak, HatpHMep, uuTepecyionime moGoro 6u3sHecMeHa MOKasatenn upHGpimDHOCtH, pertabembHOCTH 1 KOHKYPeHTOCHIOCOGHOCTH KOMTIAHHM, ee MopasbHbrit yx, CKOpocts pemienua mpo6nem Hu TeMn MHHOBaIHA — Bee 970 HIPOHCXOANT Kak pe3yHbTaT BIANMMONeTicTRHA B paGoTe ee NOpasneme- Hei. [Ln toro ¥oGnl NOHsTh 3akOHOMepHOCTH chopMApOBaHiia aTHX NoKasatenei MW YUpaBAATD MMM, COBpemeHHan HayKa yupannenna Hipejiaraer avaNMsHpoRaTL pasiMALe (PyHKUMOHATBHEe acreKTEL ACATEABHOCTH KOMIMAHHH: (PUHAHCOBO-SROHOMHMECKHE, CrpaterHyec- KHe, MaPKeTHHTOBEIe, IPOHSBONCTBEHHBIe, NOrHCTIMECKHe, HHcpopMa- HWOHHBIe, KalpoBbie H Ap. 3a Kaka M3 BMX B KpyIHOM KOMMaHHH orsevaloT CooTRETCTBYIONIHE OTZEMbE HW Cry*OB. JhoGoit cuennanncr BHAT LeMPEAbHOCTh CBoell OPranusarynt Hon CHeAMpMIeCKHM yTIOM spenua, chopmupyer co6crBeHHoe lipencranmerme o CHTYALMKt Ht Ipe- NaraeT BLITEKAIOUIHE M3 Hero KOLTHMaAbHBIe» penmentsa. Ho BLicmemy PYKOBOACTRY KOMMaHHH [IPHXOMMTeH paccMaTpHBAaTL ee KaK enHHE opraHH3Mm, re mo6oe mneite — Ant Kycovek MosanKH. TroGbt NPHHAT PewleHHA, BLIPOTMEE JA KOMIAHHM B eIOM, ce MaBa Nom OKCH 3HATb Xapaktep CBAgEM MEKTY (pyHKIUMOHATHHEIMHM Noppasyene- HHAMH, TOHHMATh, Kak B pesyAbTare HX BIAMMONCHCTBAN BOSHMKAIOT MHterpaibibe XapaktepuctTuKH Oprannsannn. B orcytcree TaKoro HENOCTHOFO BHLEHMA PyKOBORCTBO KOMMaHUM 6yyeT IpHnAMATD TiceBAOONTHMAILALe pellleHHs, KOTOPHe He NOsBOTAT peamusz0BaTh noun noTeHuMan Gusneca, yRenM4aT AeNOBEIE PHCKH HM MOCTABsT non yFposy ee 6ynymtee. Yro6h NOLYYNTS IMOUMOHATBHOe UpencranienHe 06 onacHoctH «pparMertaprioro nosxona K aHAINsy H IIpHEsTHIO pemrermi, mpepera- pun ce6sl Ha MeCTe YeNOBEKA, YbH HEMOMOTaHHA SacTaBHIH Ero OGpa- quTBCA K Bpaiy. 3n0popnpe — ITO cHcTemHOe CHOTicTHO, peaynbTat BIaHMOJLEMCTBHA BCEX OPraHOR, raApMOHHH (PHSMYECKONO, NCHXHNECKO- fo, yXOBHO-HpascreenHoro Bayan, Uto nponsofiger, ecm Bpatt HaTHET JeTHTh HE BAC, “eNHHOO H HeLeNMMoro», @ KOHKpeTHEI Opran IH ebynxastio, 6e3 yaera BOSMOAHEIX HOGOYHbIX JeteTBHH HsGpaHHoro MeTOfla Ha [pyre vac oprannsma? B pasanynix ccpepax kSHH, B TOM SHC B MEHEIDKMeHTE Mi 3yIpa- BOOXPaLeHsH, XOpomto OcosHaeTes BAKHOCTS (PopMupoBAHEts TeTOCTHO- TO BHVCHAA CHTYAaLHH Jit adMpekTHBROM AHAPHOCTHRE 1 TpHHSTHA peter. Conpemennan nayxa sprpadorana o6uure mpHnimitnt, cono- KyMHOCTL MeTonoR (MeTomonormo) dbopmMuposarna TaKoro monxona TpHMeHHTeNbHO K OObEKTaM HW ABJIEHHAM CaMoi pasIMYHOH pHpombl. 2a nonmmanns cyTH CHCTeMHOro Homxopa ero HYAKHO paccMoTpeTb HMecre C [PyTHMM ROSMOAHBIMIL TY TAMA NOCTHKEHHS ABNeHHA. Mc- MONLY KOHIMEHIUNO WHaTeKTH4EcKoN TpHasE Terenas, nosHanne Cyt HOCTH TETOrO MOXKHO MPENCraBUTE Kak MOCHERORATEMBHOCT CMeHSTIO- MEX pyr Upy¥a CHOCOGOR, Tpex ypoBHEH SHaHHA O HEM. Hepaitit yponenb (reac) coomerctpyer/MMTyHTHBHOMy ; omMparo- MEMYCH Ha AUBOH OITHIT, A\EOCTHOMY HOHItMaHHIO OGbeKta.Ha He- HOMLBORAHMH YaHHOTO NOLXOsa GasupyeTca BeKoBas My_poctE Bocro- ‘Ka, S¢0TepHteckan TpamMHA: «A CMOTPIO Ha 9TO JepeRO H IYRCTBYWO fo Hacrpocnue...», «MbI KMBEM STHM NEIOM, MBI BCe 3lecb TOHHMaeM HIeCTHIM “yBCTBOM», «S| 3arnsHyA B Ia3a ITOMY “eOBeKy H TORSUT €r0». B rpakrayecko HSH TaKOR CHOcoG HaMGonee pacnpocrpaven. Hanpumep, ni miupoxo nombayiotca TaantmuBbie M ycrreuMbte MpEn- UPRHMMaTenn, He HMCIONIHE CrielaNbHOre yIpaBneHyecKoro O6paso- Bata. C ero HOMONYBIO BpPaty1oT HAapPOs bie IeMMTENH, 3HaXApH, Wa~ Mann, STOT MONXON MOET GhTL OVD [ericTHEHHbIM. Ho ycrex spec TPYRHONPe/cKasyeM, OF LEMHKOM SaBHCHT OT CHocobHOCTeM, TaaHta OTHEbHOLO YenoBeKa. Ananuriuecknil Topxon, pacuienmonyai qenoe, mpHxomHT Kak ‘Orpatianne (@ATHTESHC) HHTYHTHBHOFO MeTOyla HOSHaHHA H ABTAETCH Jocrwxennem auoxn [Ipocsenienus. Benomnum caopa Jexapta: «Het TAaKOA npobieme, KOTopyio 1 He Mor Gbi penmirs. Ecam Bapyr He B 7 I Steere nieve tet cpocran pense npocroma “WED Gh. HCHYCCTBO CHCTEMHOTO MBILLNEHMIA COCTOSHHH ¢ Heit CIpaBHTEca, TO pasOMBalo ee NONOTaM H MELTaIOch PelUNT OT eNBHO KaxKyIO YaCTh, A KEIM KaKas-TO H3 HHX BCE KE HE TOMAAeTCA PeIEHNO, 1 H ee NEMO, H T.A.», KaKoft onTHMHaM, KaKast Bepa B cHty Hayynoro Merona! B pamkax aHannruueckoro momxona MBI TIPHCTaMbHO BEMaTpHBAEMCH B YCTPOHCTBO MHTepecyrouyero Hac oGpekra, pasnensem ero, YtoOOLI MOHNTS CrpyKTypy 4 ocoGerHoctHt OTEADHbIX YaCrel, a saTEM Yepes HUX OGBACHHTL CBoficTBAa MeLOTO. Ho kaka omacHOcrh moqcTeperaeT Hac KarKUbIMt pas, KONA MBL paccekaem ITO NeNOe Ha YACTH H HaYHHACM paccMaTpHBaTh Hx NO OT- Renbuoctn? Wanona apenua yxonar... cbs MeKTY ITAMH WaCcrsIMH. A CCH OHM CyeCrBeHHbI JUIA HOBMMAHHA 3aKOHOMepHoctest (bopMu- POBAHUA HHTepecyIONIHX Hac CBOMCTB, BOSHITKHOReHMS BOTHYOUTeL Hac npoGyemb? Tonia Hate NOHUMAaHHe HeHs6exKHO 6yleT HeNONHEIM, @ TO H TIPOCTO JOXKHDIM, MHHMBIM, a Halll Pexomerpalyun — crrop- HbIMH 1H Wake BpeLHEIMH! CictemHntit NOpXOs| K HOKK MaBHiO O6nekTa MOXKHO paccMaTpHaatE Kak CHHTe3 HATYHTHBHOTO H aHATHTHYeCKOrO MeTonOB. OH OTpumaeT NOHBITKY CHEAEHHA CHOMCTR IeMOrO K CBOLICTHAM efo dacTeii, HO 3a- HMCTByeT y aNaNMTHIeCKOrO HOLxXORa HNTEpec K BHYTpeHHell CrpyK- Type OSnekra. Ha Nepuoe MeCTO BLIZBHTAeTCA COROKYTIHOCTE CHCTEMHEIX CHOMCTB WeNOTO, KOTOPHIe, Kak NPaBHO, He IIpHCyMH coctaBHEM DIEMCHTAM CHCTENA, BSATRIM 10 OTseNbHOCTH. TaKort Monxon KOHUeH- ‘Ipupyet BHUMAaHMe Ha Tex BsaNMOpelCTBHAX, KOTOpLIe CTranonaTcH UPHYHHOM BOSHUKHOBEHUA CHCTeEMHELX cBoricrR. B onpeyenenHom CMBICH€ MEI BOSBPall|4eMcd K Ie OCTHOMY TIpencTaBreHHlo O6 OF LEKTE, XaPaKTeEpHOMY JUIA HATYHTHBHOTO TOLXOMa. Eom ananrericckmit nonxon K HosHaHHi — neTume XVII BeKa, TO CHCTEMHOE MBILUIEHHE Kak OCPOpMIIEHHaA MeTOMONOFHA HayyHorO NosHaHMA CchopMHpoBaiach B TedeHne XX BeKa. Gro Mponsoni0 He cryyaiiio — Beh HMecHHO 3a TOCHenHEe CTONETHe YeNOBeYeCKaR 1H BUIMIANAR CLOMKHYACh C BLIZOBAMM IaHeTapHoro MactiTaéa, 1m0- POARMCHHBING TPOABNEHHEM CHCTEMEBIX CHOCTR GHOcpeEph H COLLMY- ma. Kak 66010 cka3ao, «MBI He 3HaeM, cosznaBan nit Taoper Semmo no 3aKoHam Crictem, Ho ero TRopeHHs, GesycioBHo, Benyt ce6a B CooT- BeTctBHH ¢ HUME!» PasBuTHe CHcTeMHOM MeTONONOTHM Crato HEOOXO- AMMBIM YCHOBHEM TOHMMAHHS JOTHKH BOSHHKHOBCHRA KPH3HCHEIX COUMAIbHO-SKOHOMHFECKHX, eMOrpadadeckux TeHjeHLUtit, cbopmn- pObaliua crpaTerHM YCroHIHBOTO pasBH THA YenOBETECTBa JIA Mpe|sl~ OTBpaneHiiA rnoGatbHO# sKOTOrHYeCKOH KaTactporpEL. Moutble CTHMyibl K H3y4eHHIO H MIHpOKOMY mpakTHyeckomy TPUMcHeHHo CHCTENHBIX TONXO{OB NaeT MPOLEce paawitritA COBpeMen- Hoi 9KOHOMEKH. ToanepxaHne BEICOKOM CKOpOCTH MHHOBAaLLMOHHOTO Mporecca, OCHOBEI HOBOTO Talla B pasBuTHH wWenloBeyeCcKOH HBHTH- gat, BOSMOKHO TOMBKO Ha 6a3e HHTerpallHH, MeALMCLLMIINBapHO- To CHHTe3a sHaHHM. TlapanoKcanbHOo, HO Npevet BOSMOKHOCTAM aHa- JMTHYECKOO NOLXOAA, MpeBOSHOCTINErO MOTILS pasyMa H pacuters1o- wero UpOGJEMbl, KaLeT CHORKHOCTS BOSHAKAIOLIEH B Wrore STOTO xapTHant Mupa. Yenonex B ovepesnor pas cosfait KaMeHb, KOTOpEMT cam He B cHIAX NogHsrre! Cucrema Hayk 4 orpacneli NpHKIaLHOTO shania, pasBHBaomancs B pesyabtate HeNpeppinnoro yray6.1eHitA CrlelMANNsaHH, NOpoxnaer SKCHOHCHIMAIbHO BOSpactalonuMit TOTOK pasHoposHON, MOXo HHTEr- pupyemoit nncopmarm. Jlaxe cnennanucre!, upHnannexantie K HECKONBKHM HalipableHHAM OLHOM H ‘TOM We HAyYHOH [ACIMIIMHEI, gauacTy!o He NOHMMAIOT ApyT pyTa: OHM HCHOMBayIOT pasmHTHy1o TEPMHHOMOFMO, MO-CROEMY TONKYIOT HEBRECTHLIe TepMMEb, Ollepupy~ JOT CHeNMCpHYECKHMH JAKOHOMEPHOCTAMM H OKCHEpMMeH Tas bHBIMIL dbaxtamm — 6 O6ulem, roBopaT Ha pasHerx AsbtKax! PacinenennocT, ‘gHaHIt CTaHOBATCA TOPMO30M Mpouecca Hx CHHTesa, HEOGXONHMOTO UL KAYCCTBCHHOTO NPOLBHACHHA B NONMMAHMM, JUIE Tony senna SH2UUMEIX Hay4HO-ipakTH4eckHX pesysETavoB. Tak BHOBL M BHOBb KNBHb pashOpayMBaer Nepell HAMM THILOBOIE CHETEMHBI Clo>xKeT — nat ‘TepH, onmcannnrit euje B 6uGreitcKor prs 0 crponTenbcTBe Basn- ‘BOUcKon Gann. Yxpanscknt cpwtococp XIX Beka T. Ckosopona tacas: (Bce caoxnoe — Hempasna», HM xusuE no;rBep>xsaeT BepHOCTD ITOH MBICHH: HCTHHa MaNHT 1 YCKONBSeT OT Hac, KAK MMpak, Kora MET TbITaemcs LOFTH NO Hee, NpOKa/IbIBAA MYT Tepes MHpHajibl NeCHHHOK- Ho, n cpow ovepenp, He pce mpoctoe — npasna! TMormrrka rmpeono- wet Gapbep CHOKHOCTH 3a « 3a Ce UpesMepHOrO ynpoUleHHA, OrpyGnenHA Hetospsyembix Monenei H mpenctasnenui mmmaet Hx MnyOwHb W HPortocrrueckot cums, OGecreHMBAeT TONY YaeMbIe C MX MOMOLIbIO Pesynptarbt. OHH faloT THLE HIOSHIO NpaBE, CeloT HCKyeHHe 1 HOw! Snech ymecTHo BcnomEETE cAowa Jax. brnmnrea: «A ne mpes- MOK MW BYX eHTOB 3a MpocToTy MO STY CrOpony CHOARHOCTH, HO OTaM 9KHSHL 3a IpOCrOTy 10 Ty CTOpOHY cioxkHOCTI. Kak nepeitrn cbynpamenran.nnit py6ex 1 OKaszaTbes «tio TY CrO- Powy», Kak HaliTH «tipaBlMByw Mpoctory»? Mroxecrso JanHLix He } : (Coreen renee “ED cE. — MEKYCCTBO CHICTEMHOTO MbILLIEHHA AAeT HAHA, CCIM He ONpeslencHEl COEMMEMOMLHE UX 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH. Bonpmof oGbem micbopmaiit He Benet K MOHHMaHHio, ec Kry6oK 3aIlyTaHHbIX B3aHMOCBAGeLt He CKTAHIBACTCH B sICHbIM, OXBATHIBACMBIA YeNOBEYECKHM CO3HaHHem OGpas. Ecan ero Her, cecum OTCyTCTByeT «kapranika», TO 3aKPITET MYTH JULI HcHOMbsOBAHHA caMOrO MOUIHOTO H3BECTHOFO HaM TeHepaTopa TROPYECKHX PeUleHHM: aCCOLMaTHBHOTO, MeTatbopH4eckOro, MpaBOMONyMIapHOTO TeAOBEYECKOFO MBITTLICHIU. Ornet na cbyngamenTanbrnii BOrpoc o penieHHH MpoGaAempt cox HOCTH faloT MeTOWbE CHCTeMHOTO NOsXOLa, MoseMMpOKaHHs. Cexper NOHUMAHHA CHCTEMbI, COSA Ce LeNOcTHOTO OGpasa COCTOMT By Me HHH BCT TMaBHble CBAIH, BIaHMOIaBMCHMOCTH, Onpencsmo Lyne CHeUMPHYCCKHE OCOGEHHOCTH e€ KHIHEDEATEN_HOCTH, chopMHpOBaHHe HHTerparbHDIx CBoficrB. Cuoco6Hocth Hair Hx — cpomHH HckyecTBy MaCTepa-XyROKHHKa, HECKONLKUMHM ITPHXaMH, Ma3KaMH CO3/aIOLeTO o6pemHoe Hs0GpaxKeHHe Ha TIOCKOM XONCTe, KonesHo, onapesHocrs, TaiaHt Hrpalor orpomHy10 posh B yMcHHt ROTMOMATh eMEHE, HcpOpMaTHBHEIe OGpase. Sto cupapemEo put mo6ori ccbepel Hckyccrna, HaykM, UpaktinkH. Ho Benb H Mactepon yuat! Mb uickyccree cymectnyer Caos Teopnst. Ecrs B Hem H MHOTO pemecita, TO €Crb TexHONOTMI H TIPHeEMGB, KOTOPEIMH HPH acc/aHHH HW CrapanHy MOXxeT ORMAReTS IpakTHueCcKH Kaabii. H pucopatb coBcem jarke He- nypipie nefizaxu! B nacrosuyee Bpema cucremHBiit NONXON, MeTONbI CACTeMHOrO MO~ ACNHPOBAHHA JOCTHIMH TAKOFO YPOBHA SpenocrH, KOTOpMH HOIBONHT BULENNTS 6as0nhle UPHAM, TeEXHONOTHH H TIpHemol. A sHeXHT, y KAATOTO HS Hac, OGMIHBIX NOTEI, NOABHAACh BOIMOKHOCTS OBAEHHA aTolt Momo MeTrogonormell. OnnH 13 OTOB-OCHOBATENeH COBpeMeH- HOrO MewerKMentTa, Y.9. JemMnr, Ha3Ral NOHHMaHMe CHCTEMHbIX ceoticrn, ymernte sieTh (Monenmposath) Oprarnsalito Kak enHHOe Henoe — OCHOROL, «MHHFMYy MOM» TeopeTHyeckHx 3HaHnit, ObnsaTenh- HBIM JULI KaKTOTO CrpeMsiltteroca K yenlexy pykonowutrens («Cucrema rayOMHHLx 3HaHuiio*). K nactoamemy ppemens cynlecrsyer o6minpHan mteparypa 10 PastH4HhIM HallpaBieausAM CHCTEMHOTO TOLXOMa. Onnaxo B 9TOM OFPOMHOM NoTOKe MEopMaLAH KpaliHe pemKO NosBnsOTeA KHUIH, KoTophie 6bI coveTaH O6pasHOCTh H LIpocrory c ry 6HHOA HaIOACHHA, * Cn: T. Hits, Mpocrpanctne noxtopa Jlemmnna: 1piiiiintiat Mocrpociies yoroit- “insoro Onsneca. — M. Anpnnna asec Bykc, 2005. ApyraMH cA0bamn, cosnaBain Gn ToT Cambri AcHbIA, OxBaTHIBaeMDtit qenORedecKHM CO3KaHHeM O6paa, HO TeNepL yxe NO OTHOMeHMO K caMOMy CHCTeMHOMy nlojxojy. OAH M3 AY4IIMX TAaKHX HCTOURH- KOB — BIePBble BbIXOAANIaA B Hales crpate H Mpennaraemaa pyccKo- sSbruHOMy SHTaTeno HsarenbcrBoM «Ania Busnec Byke» KAMra Jixoseba O’ Konnopa u Mana Maxnepmorta «Hcxycctso cucremHora MBILIICHHA: HeOOXOLMMBle 3HaMHA © CHCTeMax M TROpYecKoM Honxone x peuienstio npoGren. Conepxanne ¢e no Gonbulelt yactH HaXONTCA B pyete nytelt, KOH- Yeni H HCKpyMenTapia, npeOKeHIBIX B KHMTaX HM ctarbax Tn yepa Cenre 4 ero Konmer™, Mx pa6orsl, Ge3ycioBHO, MOXKHO paccmat puBatb Kak Npopbin B pewter sanain cdopmupowatuy Obpasnoro, OpHeHTHpoBaHHoro Ha BOSMOXKHOCTH WHTaTesIA-MccAegORAaATeNA HEC- TPYMCHTapMsA CHCTEMHOTO MOMCNHPOBAHHA, H3yNeHMA Moneneh THK AWSHOI NpHiEoctnt. OnHaxo, 6 cHay mpodpeccHOHaNbHbIx HHTEpecoR Tirrepa Cenre, ochopnont o6bext npunoxkenia ero Hyleil — mpo6neamt, BOSHMKAIOUIME B IIpaKTHKe yIPaBNeHNs KPyYURBIMM OpraHHsalyasMn CONMAILHO-TeXHMMeCKEMH CHCTeEMaMH, ABTOPLI 2Ke HacTosuei KHH- TH — lipakTHkyloulHe NCHXONOTH, THTAIOLIHe TEKIHH H BEyUIHE Ce~ MiHappl. He cryyatino ostomy B Hx paGore cuenta OcobEH aKieHT ‘Ha CHTYalMAX, BOSHHKAIOLINX B AHYHOM RASH H COLMaEbRO npaK- Take. Menarorrueccknit onmit u MaCTepcTBo aBTOpoR MpOABHAUCh B HogGepe ipuMepor, ryGoKoM Ho Gomme YacTH *KHBOM paccmort- Penni ynaamentanprbrx Konnenuit. B pesynptate nonyyunace KOMMAKTHat KHMTa C ACHO M MpospayHOl AOrHKON HaNIOKeHHS. DTO PACHpaer Kpyr NOTeHIMAIbHbIX UtTaTeNei, H, IpeEkNe BCerO, 103B0- iiaer PexKoMeHyORaTh Ce JUIA YTeEHHA TeM, KTO jeaeT neppale war B cactem. Jannyto KHnry, GesyciopHo, HEApSA OTHECTH K WIerKO- My SrHpy». Ho ona croco6ua path HeOOxon HME OGLeM 3HaHHit ce- PBESHOMY, BAYMUMBOMY 4UTATEMO, aaHH'TepecoBaHHOMY B IpHMEHeHT METOROB ChicreMHOrO MOMeNHPORAHHA JI pewieHHaA TpakTH4ecKHX TpoGnens, Thonn nuxorna ne BUAAT CHHCTORM, «HCrIHHOs™ peatbHocTH. Bu- AeiHe HW HonMMaHHe OKPyxaloUlero Hac MUpAa OMpenenseTcA MOHS- THEHbIMET cbrmetpanm (MenTaIbHBIMK MOsENANT), T.c. KOHITETIME, APelctannenuamu, sanomeritibiiit B Hac B XOMe HOCTINTAHN, o6paao- |. Centre. Tatas mciummmna: uckyccrso 1 MpakTuxa camooGyyaiomericn Opratianin. — M.: Onumm Busuec, 2003. CE ————_C(ccteo ccm maurice) BaHH H KapaGOTannbIMs HaMit CaMOCTONTEMbHO B MPOLECce *KHSHK, Mx Mookuo ynoqo6uTb HH3aM, UpH3MaM B NepHckKomaX, Yepes KOTO- PHe MBI paccMaTpHBaem OKpyxaomHit Hac Map. Croficrsa HcHomb- SY€MBIX «HH3> — KpHTHYeCKH BUKHEI NapaMerp, OTpesensouii Hally AWIHY1O o¢xpeKTHBHOCT, NOTEHIHAT KOMAKJIbI C/[HHOMBITLLICH™ n P EAU C Ji 0 B VU E HHIKOB, YCHCHIHOCTD KOMMaHHH. MicKyccTBO CHCTEMHOTO MBILILIeHIS Hae? BOIMOXHOCTS YHHIETH H MOHATH MAP B EMHECTBE, B LUHPOKOR, ry6oKom 1 OGpasHol repcrextune. Uo MoxeT cpaBEHTBca c HOO6- Holt KapTHHon! HaGmonan 3a tem, kak coaapasach Sta KHMa, 1 COsHaBaN ee sHaIEHHE ‘H OFPOMHY!O NOTERILMADHY10 LeHHOCTS AIA Bex Hac. Moatomy, Kor- fla MeHa NOUpOCHH HaCaT, npeAHcnoBMe K Hell, 1 GLUT CMyMeH Ht 10.1. Py6anm, ‘ONBINEH. Amati. pykoGodumen» Llenmpa nobeex mexnonozuii ynpaéaentur Yen o7a KHHYa Tak BaKHa B Hai zHH? Mpexue Bcero Tem, 40 OHA 2. Mocka, www.cntu.mbg.ru HOMOFACT CBOMM “HTATENIM NOHATS, NOVeEMy NOCTPOeHHEI HAMM MHP OKAIAIICA HACTOABKO CHOARKHBIM H MTO C OTHM Henate. C TeyeHMeM Bpe- MeHH TKaHL Hamlero cyujecrBoBaHis CraHoBHTcA Bce Gonee MOTHOH, @ BIaHMONeHCTRNA yckKOpmiotcs, H Kora MEI He Moxem NOCtIT4 co- aannoit HaMH K€ CIOKHOCTH, TO, OXBAYCHHbIC TY BCTBOM 6ecnomout- ‘HOCTH, CraHOBHMCS KKEpTBAMH CROeFO HEIOHHMaHHA. Tlovemy wonyyaetca Tax, YO yeM GNHIKE MBI K Wenn, Tem MeHee TOcrIAKHMO! OHA KaxKeTcA? Tlovemy TO, ITO pasBHRaNoce Tak yereLIHo, PAHO WIM HOsTHO OKaHYHBacrcH OpaxcHnem? H Kora Bce pytuHTcA, HOWeMY ITO MPOHCXONT Crow crpemuTensuo? Tovemy Kava peuiert- ‘Hag HaMH TIpobsema O6opaynpaerca GyKeTOM HoBbIxXt H Tovemy Te 13 HMX, KOTOpHe, Kasa0cb, GHIIH OKOIM@TeNbHO pemeHbt Biepa, ONATD BOSHMKAIOT Nepes, HAMM CHYCTA HECKONBKO HEMET HOM MecstyeR? Tlove- ‘MY llonyyaetcs TaK, 4TO, Mipecieylys pasyMHBIe LETH, MOH NOpOK [Aor TO, YETO HHKTO 13 HHX He wena, HaNpHMep 6opoKpatmio? Tovey, KeT ycreLl no paGorarb, HO 600 YenoBeK HItTerO He CMOTYT CHEAT, eC UX HE MT, Ha rpynnbt. B opupoye rawKe ecre HepxHaA rpaHuta xKUaHe- noco6noctn. B mupe crcrem Gonbitiee He OanauaeT sysuee, OGEIIO ‘oo GhiBaet xyr*Ke. Y KaaOl Ws HX eCrb CBOM ONTHMAbHBIT pasMep, ecilt CleMaTh cHereMy HaMHoro Gombiite HIM McHBIe Onpenenento- ‘yo HapaMelpa, COxXpaHHE BCE OCIAAbHDLe ycnoBua, ona He SypeT dyHK- quormpoware. Bo3HUKHOBeHMe CucTeMHbIx CBouCTB — ‘BOAOBOPOTEI 4 panyrn } HaLNCFO MpOcroro onpeyenenuA CucreMbI CHeAyIOT NOpasHTeNnbHMe sspibomtt. Bo-nepnerx, cucremb ¢)yHKIMOHHpyIOT Kak uence, a 9T0 ‘SHAT, TO Y HHX ecTh ChoficTHA, OTTHIAIOLHECA OT CBOICTB CocraB- JuHOUINX. Hx tach i. On nspecrmpl Kak auepdoxenmnne™, 1M bosHt- Rarougue, cboticmég, Onn «noanmKaioT», Kora cuctema paboraer. Bo- eco Cherka ONIMUAOLNNXCH Apy! OT Apyra KapTHHOK MuKKH Husero untepectioro, A tettepb GEcrpo mpoiucraiire wx ony upyroii, 1 Muxkn omer. Bor mony wom mymerdpwm. Eom mex~ COCEHHMH KapTHHKAMH CORCeM HeGoubHad paaHuna, MuxKn 6yjeT bCH OYCHL WABHO. Dro W CCT IMCPIKEHTHOE, WI BOSHHKAIO= chorCTRO. ‘M HX KaK anHocrh. [pH 3TOM OHM 3auacTyIO HerIpencKasy- YAMBHTeIBHEL OMeprKenTHMe CROFICTBA BOAHEKAIOT B CHCTEMaX TOMY, Kak BHC3ANIHO C INOCKOLO JINCTA, Comepxanitero Gecto~ € IBETHLIC KAPTHHKM, Ha Bac «pbIIppIrHBact» oOGbemMHbIii, lepririt o6pas. Kora pe ux pasrnayuiaere, To copepmenno 1O TIPeACKasaTh, Kako’ OFEMHOE M3OG6PAKEHHE CKPHIBACTCA # kaptuuKamu. A nonaémegaitre 3a typ6ynerrnim noroKom B peke. Hitkakoe stanne 0 MomekynapHom crpocHmm Rombt He HoMoropyyr Bac K NOABNEHHO KOROBOpOTOR. (Tak xe, KAK 1 OBLIE BOJIHI, HO STO He NOMOKET NOHATS Kpacory HW aMOULHO- PHY1O Bacth mysbiit. Buiaronapa tomy, 410 Mbt MMeeM mapy 11a3, HE Mpocro pacuupsem tone speHus, HO M BOCHpHRAMaem mup _ WCKYCCTBO CHCTEMHOTO MeaMUnEHAA cnexrpa, Mbt nonyuaem He 6ypyto PpAsb, a Gerrit cnet M HoOBCe- AHeBHBIE Seca pHHUMAlOTcH HAMM Kak JaHHOCTE, HO pasbe BH MOTH GbE TEx MpencKasarh, ecu Ghi HE SHAM O HX sapanee? Bostanx- HOBEHHE SMEPIDKCHTHMX CBOTICTR MOKHO Cpanrnth ¢ paytyrot, Kora Karvitt ROA, BOSTYX HW YTON MaeHUR CONKeTHBIX My IeHL a6comtoTHo TpaBwibHo coveralorcsl Mey cobor. Tloxoxe, #10 Hat MOSI HACHAKLAeTCA TROPEHHEM IMEPIPKCHTHEIX cnoticrs. H He 3a6pinaiite, 4 MbL CaMH — "acTb CHCTeMBIL, TOTOMY aT 6¢3 NAIEX OpraHon TBCTH ITH CHOHCTBA HE CYLMECTBOBAM Ont. CosHanne — Toxke CHCTeMHoe, 3MepmpkenTHoe cBolicrBo. Kro Mor 6m npeMMAeTD, sO MIVUTHApAM CoemHHEHHA MexiLy HeliporaMH Cre jalOT BOIMOxXHBIM CaMocosHanMe? A BCE BAL TyBCrBAa — TaACTh Ba~ wero «Sl». Dro Ber o6nazaere cnocobHOCTHIO BHMeTb, a He Ball Waza, Tlonoxere rag Ha cron — of Havicro He ypuurr. Hu B omBor GacrH Tella He HafiTH 3peHHA, Clyxa, oca3aHis, oGonmina wut BKyca. Bor OKMBETE IMI NO TEX Mop, MOKA Bee YACTH Balero Tea geiicray1oT cormaconanto. Crour orem sm06y10 YacTh Tera, H ona yMper. Tlo- cMepTHoc NCKpHITHe OGHapy2kHRaet Taliny CMepTH, a He HSH, Bor npyrof npumep, Jsmxecre antomo6uit — aT TakGKe BOSH katoujee Caoitcrao. Uro6n ABHFATBCA, ABTOMOGILID HYyKpaeTca B Kap Groparope Hu Gen306aKe, Ho NONOAUTe Kap6Iopatop WK Genso6ax nocpes HOporn — yaseKo IH OF yenyt? TapMonna, pabHORECHe B NIpHpoe — ITO TAKE BOSHMKAIOUKCe cnoficrao. Pactenna, *xMBOTHEIC, NOTODHbIE YCIOBHA COBMECTHO Cosa 1oT WRETYMAY!O NPHpoAHy!O Cpeny, XOTA IPH ATOM OMHH AMBOTHELE noxkupalor pyrHx. B pesybTaTe BMetiaTetLCTRa B IpHposy paBHoBe cHe MOOKeT HapyIIMTbCa, KAKHE-TO BULK BAIMpyT, a JIPyTHE 6ynyT fo- MHHHpOBaTb, HO B KOHCHHOM Hore BOSHUKHET HOBOe PaBHOoBecHe. Kopoue roropa: Cucmemb! o6nadaiom amMepaxKeHMHbIMU, UTIL BOSHUKGIOWIUMU, ceoticmeanu, Komopbix Hem HU y OOHOU U3 ux Yocmed. Paso6pae cucmemy Ha vacmu U NpoaHanusupoBas KOHxOy!O U3 HUX, Bb HE CMOKEMe npedaudemb caoticmeo yenocmHol cucmembt, Pasnetinn CHcreMy Ha KOMNOHeHTSI, BBL HHKOTIa He oGHapyxuTe ¢ cymectBeHHbIx CHOFCTB. OHM MposBIMOTCA TOKO B pesaynpraTe neficransa WenocTHoit cicrembi. EjUHHCTREHHaH BO3MOPKHOCTD yanathy ¥TO OF COGOM IpeACraKAAIOT, COCIONT B TOM, yToGn SacraBHTb CHC remy paGotaTb. SmMepmKeHTHbIe, vu BO3HMKaloULe, CBoncTBa ‘Heke lepeqncienbi HeKoroppie 3MepmDKeHTHBIe CBOMCTHA. Moxete ms BHI ro-HHG6 yy jobawuTE? 3H Mi sonoBopore! @ TopHano @ Temneparypa B posnenne B® komnbiorepHete supyce! @ HomnbiorepHan rpapuKa 3aMoyuu 1B my3biKa IB cTepeockonmveckne KapruHku. Bm panyre i Kynerypa i ofoHb “Bi cosrarme Hpasctsentibie Hopmp: Bt ofnaxa B 3p0posve Gnarononywe elias OCoGeHHOCTh OMepIDKETTHBIX CBOTICTB COCTOHT B TOM. i WX MCHONBIOBAHMA HET HY%lbl TOKMMATh, KaK MMeHHO CHC- T BIeHHe: He HYAHO OLITE AHIVIOMHPOBAHBIM POM, YTOGL BRINOUHTh CBeT B KOMHaTe, a TOMY, KTO BemeT by He OGssATCIHO TOKMMATD, Kax On cbynKUMOHMpyer. But MIparb B KOMMBIOTepHEIe UTpLI, CoBepMmeHwO He Nonospenast MOHAX CHMBONOB, OGpasylOlNUX KOMMBIOTEPHEIC TIporpaMMbt. eTe, Kak O6pasom Ha Ikpane nosHHKalOT Hs06paKcrma? Ozu PoB aren Kern, Ibkosecp, HUKONa He saLyMbIBasICA 06 STOM. BevepoM, Kora OF BLUTOUNT KOMMBIOTep, BOCLMHDIET- AO sanana emy nonpoc: «Ian, a KYMA PEPAIOTCA KApTHHKH, KOT- To BprKnOTacHIB?» WOKYCCTBO CHICTEMHOT MbIILEH I) _ — Onn nuxyna ve jesaTca. Kommbiorep mpocro mepectacr ix coajanaTh. — A kak KOMMBIOTep Jeet TAKHe WE KAPTHHKN, KOTAA Th ero ons Brno TactE? — Onn xpanstca B KOMNbIOTepHON NaMsTH. — Yx vn! Bee ot KapTHAKH? — Her, on, ckopee, 1lOMHHT, Kak CHeNATh OTH KapTKHKH, CCTM Mbt BOHM eMy 9TO. — A re ero naar? psec) ody BCTBOBA, WTO TOHET. — Komnpuorep xpaniit n306paxenlia B BIHLe TBOKSHEIX Koon, KOTOPHIe OGOsHATAIOT TOMHOE NONOAKCHHE KAKO HeTAM, HOITOMY Ol MODKET BOCTIPOHSRECTH KapTHHKY, KOrjla HAM OTO HY2KHO. — A me xpanarea 97m Kommbioteprbte koxp? — B xycoukax miactmka W MeTasa BHYTPH KOMMbIOTEpA, OHM Ha: SbIBAIOTCS SHAM. — Equi Mbt 3aruiiem 6 unm, TO yBHIM KapTHHKH? Tyr ut no6pamch 0 aanech Ha TpaHine MoKTY KpeMHHeBbIM MMpOM H MHpOM SPHTEHbHLIX OOPasoB, — Her, ona GIMMIKOM Me;KHe. — A ccm paqTb yBemruntenpHoe creKio? — Her, onn Gombie NOXOKH Ha KYCOUKH MOSaMKH, KOTOPbI¢ KOM- nibiorep yMeer co6uparn. Korma y Te6a 13 KOpOOKH BLICHINAIOTCH KY- COUKH MogaHKH, Te6e IPHXOMTCH CKTALIBATh HX CHOBA, TAK, uroGet RaKALIA BTA Ha CBOE MECTO. Ha 2enouky 370 OObRCHEHME He TpORSBEIO CHUIDNOTO BrieTaTNEH! Ho MONBITKA OGbsCHHTL KOMMbIOTepHy!o TpacpHKy Kak aMepmAEHTHOE CBOLICTHO CHCTEMBI SJEKTPHTECKHX NOTOROB 6puIa Ort exe GesHasteaKn1ee- Brytp# Kommpiorepa He naiirm KapTHnoK, Tax Ae Kak BHYTpH posit He OTMCKAT SBYKOB, Moi rake MoXKeM HCTIONLGOBATD NOBATHE «OMepIDKeHTHOE CBOLCTHO” gia Gonee GnarosBysHOrO HasHakHist KOMIbIOTEPHHIX BHPYCOB. BeaeT Tak, TO BuIPyT, 6e3 BCAKUX pasyMHNX NpHaHH, KOMITHIOTCP payanact necrn CeO KaK-TO CTPalHO, NOTH MDE METAeMest CHeaT TTO~TO TARO ¥To 0 3TOTO COTHH pas Nomytaqoce jerko HW npocro. Muorna KoMnBE” Tep Kak GynTO HaTMHacT BpeAHHMATh HEH, GoNee TOMO, HARE ppennt (Bor, Cromio HaM HaNHcaTh 3TO, Kak KOMITMIOTEP Pel MPOABHTE crott Hopos 1 «Sanne», OH OTKASAICA NevaTarb, 3anoMuMar H CrHpate wi 61 to un 6uu10, Yecta Ha Yen cnet CromT GecnomesHy1 rpyay 7* xponNKH H OnHORpemeHHO Guaropapa Gora 3a To, YTo ga ceKyHAy 10 groro Tekct 6buT Coxparien, Mbt nepesarpysiin KOMIDIOTEp.) Bropan_saxnag ocoGenHocre SepKaIbHoe OTPUKeHHE nepBoii. Tlockombey cBoficrBa cHeTemMM MIpHcyuy TOMbKO ei caMmoti, yO He €¢ HaCTHM, TO CTONT passenwrb €e Ha TaCTH, Kak STH CROMeTBA nexeatty®. Paso6pan pow, Mbl He TOMBKO He HalieM TAM 3BYyKOB, HO He CMOxeM MrpaTs 10 Tex Top, TOKa ero RHOBB He co6epyt. Buytpn STEAEREBOPA He HAHTH KAPTHHKH, @ B HOATEBOM OGNAKe HeT panyTH. ‘Pasneinn CHCTeMy HajiBoe, MBI Toy4M He aBe MOMeHbINe, a onny “HegelicTByIonty ro. Korga met uTo-To pasGupaem Ha uactH, "TOGH y3HaTb, KaK OHO paGora.to, 970 Hasbmaerca anamsom, ON Moker ObITh OYEHD MoveseH “pH peliictia onpencnettHoro Tana npoG.em, a TaroKe 10 MOHHMaHiA “Toro, KaKvim OGpasom Manbre cuctembt O6pasyioT onHy Gompuryro. Cromoiy1 ananusa Me nonyvaem 3nanue, onAKO TepseM BOIMOAHOCTL 1 CBONICTBa CHCTeMbI, pas6HR Ce Ha OTLEIbHbIe COCTARNAIOLM. Hononenitem avansa aBrnetca cHHTes — cosnanMe neloro 13 ‘Mactelt. C nomougoro cuntnesa mui o6pemaem rionumanue. Tro6n BEIAC- HET, Kak CMCTeMa (byHKUMOHMpyeT HM KaKOBMI ee OMEpIKEHTHBIE “CHOVICHBA, CCTh TONLKO ONMH NyTh — HaGmogaTE ce B perCTENH, ; } > Camaa cnoxkHan 43 U3BeCTHBIX HaM CHCTeEM Mup — sro ovens croxnas cncrema, H mpi nyaxjaemca 8 cobcr- ‘BEHHOH nechMa cAOMKHOM CHcTeMe, ILIA TOO HTO6bI B HEM paso- Gparics. Yenoneveckntt MOSr — CaMad CHOKHAA WS HSBECTHBIX HaM ‘“tpyxryp. Cpu nece oxono 1,5 Kr on cocrouT 13 Gosmee cra MEn- 7 CE tro itor eH) JMapHOB HeipoHOB, HI HEpBHBIX KWIETOK — NpiMepHO CrombKO CHoxHOCTE Tero 64 TO NH GbINO Moxer Liposmisttsca aByMA pas- ake sBe3]1 OOpasyloT Maewnnri Tyre. B nepentielt 4acrt ronosnoro {UEIMK NYTAMH, Hasbman vro-nn60 CHoKHbIM, MbI, Kak mpabwsio, Mosra copepaKHTcA Gonee necHTH MITUINapsoB HefpoHon. Cassis mpencrabsiiem cebe over MHOrO pasniTHthy Mexdy HIM, B NOTHOM COOTBETCTBUH ¢ JOrHKOL CucremHoro phBAHHaA jleTaTMsaNMei, KOTMYCCTROM PaccMaTPHBacMAx 91eMeHTOB. MBILUICHHIH, HaKe BakHee, YeM CaMM HepBHBIe KcTKH. Y omHOTO Kora nepey, HaMM Mo3anKa, COCTaneHHad M3 TRICHY KYCOUKOR, MBI Heltpona MoxeT GbITh HO Cra THIGH CBASCH, B TOM “HCHE KOO (wiMeeM Hero CO CAOAHOCTLO JeTaMaarnn, OGbriHo HaM yrlaeTca Hait- TRICHY NOCTOSHEDIX. Most He 1OXO%K Ha KOMITEIOTep, a HOT KAA IAA qu cioco6 yipocruts, crpynmHpowarb H oprantisonarE TaKore pora Hepntiag KieTKa Nogo6Ha MaleHbKOMY Konmbiotepy. B Kope roy0- (CloxHylO CrpyKTypy, B KOTOPOM Mia KawMOn AeTANM ecTR TONBKO On- BHOTO Mosra GoJlee MHUIKOHa MINUTHApAOS cased. Eom orews- ‘wo Meco. C Taxott sanateii xopomo cnpabsOTCA KOMMLIOTepEl, OCO- ‘ThBaTb Ho OHO! B cexyHAy, HOTpebyeTcA 32 MUNUIHONA eT, (GeHHO ECM OHA jLOyCKaeT NoLTaroBoE peleHHe. Moar s060ro YenoBeKa yHAKaeH. Mbt pow saeMcH C MOUTH bIM Caoxnocrs xpyroro Tuna — puamureckan. Ona BosnuKact B Tex | ganacoM HepBHBIX WieTOK, HO 20 70% Hx OTMEpact B rrepBbrit ror “enytasX, KOTMa SJeMeHTH MOFYT BcTY [ATH Mexy coboft B Cambie pas- JRHOMH. BRDKEBILMe HefiponEt OOpasyl0T Bce Goee CHOXKHYIO CeTh a ornomenns. Tockompky Kaxkabnt 13 Hx CocoGen npe- casseii. Hexoropble 13 HX YRPEMLIMOTCA B PesyIbTaTe HCTOIb- i BO MHOKCCTRe PaATNTHHX COCTOAHE, TO Jake IPH HEOOJIbIIOM 30BaHUs, a JXPYTHe HCIe3alOT 10 Mepe TOTO Kak Mbl OCBAHBACM qUCHe SNeMeHTOB OHH MOryT GbiTs CoemMHeHH! GeccueTHhIM MHO>KECT: v mup. Moar He Moxer 6bITb HE3aBHCHMbIM OT MEPpa, KOTOphtit BOM cHocoGox. Hespss cyuITh o CHovKHOCTH, pyKOHOACTRYsAC KONI. cbopmupyer B HeM cHcTeMy BHYTpeHHHX cRagert. MECTHOM SJIEMERTOB, a He ROSMOKMLIMM CHOCcobaMH HX CoeRHHEHES. - Sanaya Mosta B Tom, YTOGLI H3 OTPOMHOTO MoTOKa roTy4aeMort Tiniexo nie ncerna neprio, 110 4em MeHBIe aviemeHTOB BXOMHT B CHC HM CeHCopHol HACpOpMalM HsBIeKaTh O6pasbl H OULyIeHTHA, “TeMy, Tem npowe ee NoHsT HW KOHTposMpoRarb, Bce sapncut oT cre- Cam akr BocHpusTiis ripulaer emy CMbICH, H Tak O6pa3om Moar, | HEH AMHaMIMecKor Cio*RHOCTH. B CHOI OFpenE, Npumacr (popmy Mupy, BOcHpHHHMaemoMy Ham. — Eipencranpie rpynny Kosner, pa6orarouy Hat HeKUM NpoeKTOM B Virtepnperauna — oto sacrh BocnpHaTHa. 7 GiaHece. Hacrpoenue kaagioro unewa KoMaRE OFM HaMeHuMBO. Onn MOTYT HaXOHTLCA B pasHhIX OTHOMeHHAX MexKjy CoGoi, TaKHM 06- Yactibte, way YaIOLUe MOS, ONMCbIBAIOT Cro Kak B3aNIMOCBASAN- HY}, pelleHTpanUsoBAnHylo, MapatenbHO peboraouyyio, pacrpo~ CTPaHeHHY1O CeTb O6paGOTKH CHAXPOHHBIX BONE KHTeEpaKTHBHbIX pesonanchiix crpyKryp. ibiIMH cnopaMH, STO OFeHD CHOKHAS cHcTema. Moar cioxkeH Kak pa3 lo Tako CreneHH, 1TOGBI MBI TeLUMTTL Haliie THCcHapHe W HCHHTHBaAN Onaroronettubit crpax mepes, HalluyuM WHTE/LIEKTOM. ‘PasoM, CHcTeMa, LaxKe COCTOAMIAA H3 HEMHOFHX STeMeHTOB, cocoGHa 067127 Gommoit jHHAMMTECKOH CroxKHOCTHIO. E10, npn 6mmxKatinent PatcMorpenHn, MoryT OLMYaTbCa mpoGremb, KAKYULMeCA Ha NepBEAth Wk O4CHb NIpOCTEIMIK. Hostie conan Mexay o6pasyioutimn cnctemy tactamn ynematima- T CHORHOCTH, a HOMBIEHE ELE OMHOTO IeMeHTA MOxKeT NpHBECTH | ‘RK Cognarnio mioxectsa ZonomMHTebHEIX cHasei. [pu arom ux KO- | , ECHO yRenmunpaerca He Ha eqMHuny. Uncno Bosmoxnex cBxzett | ' BEpactt aKCnOMeNYUAAbHO — WHBIMH CioBAMH, noGabNeHHE | i crenenn, 4em noGawienne npenbinyutero. Hanpumep, npen-~ “TO Mb HaYMHAeM BCerO € JBYX sueMeHToR, An B, Speck ORE‘ TONLKO jie ChASH H [Ba Hanpannenusd amH«us: A Ha Bw @ A. HoGapnm cue onnn aiement. Teneph B cHcteme pH diemeH- THA, BC. Yncio nosmoxnntx casaett, onHaKo, BBIPOGIO 10 6 1 Mpoctpie 4 cnooxkHbIe CMHCTeMbI Cuctema o6ecnieumBaer caMocoxpaHeHne Gjarojaps Bsa MONCH CTBEIO yacrei, NOSTOMY OTHOLICHHA MOKLY HHMM MUX BIaHMOBIUTHNE HaMHOFO BaKHee HX VACA WI BEIM HHL. STH BsaMMOCBAH, a SHE aHT, HW CaMa CuCcTreMa MOryT Onin, TNpOCcrhiMy HIM COKHbIMK.

You might also like