Exploring Pakistan . | Uy Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband 1. Introduction 2. Factors for Establishment i, Post-1857 Period - ii, To counter missionaries iii, Opposition against Western education iv. Demand of Leadership 3. Foundation of Dar-al-uloom Deoband 4. Contributions i. To counter Arya Samaj ii, Popularity of Muslim Religious Training ‘ iii, Establishment of network iv. Anti-imperialist consciousness v. Preservation of Ideology vi. Galaxy of scholars : vii. Dissemination of Religious-knowledge * vii. Translation of Quran in Urdu ix. Expansion of Press x. Creation of jobs & xi. Revival of Jihad spirit xii. Growth of Religious political parties xiii. Voice for the rights of womel iii, Political Services 6. Conclusion 1. Introduction: nae . Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband occupies a unique significance and importance in the NEES ecueeotal system. It rendered invaluable services for the establishment of of Sian Vanledge based on theology. Dar-u/-Uloom Déoband followed the traditions oe ali Ullah in the subcontinent. It was established because of the invasion of fern culture and missionary activities of the Christianity and Hinduism. 2. Factors for Establishment Following are the factors behind the establishment of Dar-u/-Uloom Deoband, ‘Scanned with CamScannerexploring Pakistan 187 t-1857 Scenario: he ost tee period witnessed rapid changes in the subcontinent. Due to tnese EN an protection He re a ulemas realized the fact that a big center'would be founded for ‘Slamic religious learning and’Muslim ideology. j, Pos' ii. To counter missionaries: , The Pea Gave a space to the Christian missionaries in the continent eee e Christian Missionaries were going to be a danger to the existing religions like Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc. of the subcontinent. iii, opposition against Western education: . The British administrators introduced such education system in which the islamic learning was completely ignored. Muslim education systern was replaced by the English Western education system, because the Muslim education was being deprived of state patronage. jv, Demand of Muslim clerics: After the War of Independence (1857), the Muslim leaders realized that Muslims would not be able to fight against the overwhelming power of British. Therefore, they decided to capture the minds of Muslims by teaching them in the mosques. 3. Foundation of Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband: The Dar-ul-uloom was established under a shady tree of open courtyards in the old mosque of Chatta on 30 May 1866. It stood for achieving the definite religious - and political objectives in the subcontinent. The main objective of Maulana Qasim Nanotvi was to make the fort of Islamic learning and Deoband would be a such center in the continuation the mission of Shah Wali Ullah, who was their religious mentor and his works were their textbooks. Its teachers were selfishness. a 4, Contributions: A famous European scholar, /an Talbot, has quoted the statement of Barbara D. Metcalf about the contributions of the Deoband, “The Deoband Movement was the most influential revivalist movement because of the strength of its educational institutions and use of the new opportunities to circulate its ideas.”® Followings were the contributions of the Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband; i. Counter Arya Samaj: When the Hindus started the Shuddhi movement to convert the Muslims to Hinduism, therefore, Dar-ul-Uloom took immediate and effective measures to counter this movement. For this purpose, one of its teachers known as Maulana Meerak Shah opened a center of learning at Agra. They also made arrangements for —_— 4 'an Talot, Pakistan, A New History (Oxford University Press, 2012) P.41 ‘Scanned with CamScanneeExploring Pakistan e 7 i Muslim students, theref ° teaching the Sansikrit language to the | » therefore they ere the first-hand knowledge of Hinduism. The Dar-ul-Uloom Deobang at 50 preachers and opened twenty preaching centers in the areas where conversion were taking place. : : ii ularity of Islamic Education: ; ii. er parurTeon Deoband served the Muslims after the War of Inde, (1857), because it popularized the Muslim religious education at that tim was losing its ground in the subcontinent. . Pendence 'e, When i iti lishment of Madrissa network: iti. ee Darul oom provided basis for the establishment of religious Centers jn, every corner of the subcontinent. It established a link with the other Madressahas and this Madressaha network disseminated the Islamic education and Islamic learning among the students. iv. Spread of anti-imperialist consciousness: The Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband adopted an anti-imperialist attitude towards the British. They strongly supported the pro-Ottoman policy since its beginning and they maintained their policy of friendship and alliance towards the Ottoman Empire. v. Preservation‘of Muslim Ideology: The Ulemas of Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband established a center known the Dar. ul-lfta, which provided the religious, social and economic guidance to the Muslims under the guidance of Mufti Azeez-ur-Rehman. The fatwa issued by Dar-ul-Ifta dealt with all sorts of problems ranging from day to day problems to the socio-economic ones. vi. Production of Galaxy of scholars: The Ulemas of Dar-ul-Uloom Produced various well-known scholars and Mashaikhs. The glorious services of Maulana Qasim Nanotvi, Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Mufti Mohammad Shafi, Maulana Zafar Ali Thanvi etc. rendered invaluable services for the renaissance and revivalism of the Muslims in the subcontinent. vii. Dissemination of Religious knowledge: The Ulemas, scholars and intellectuals of Dar-ul-Uloom produced ten to twelve thousand books on Quran, its explanation and interpretation, Ahadees, 'slamic jurisprudence, mysticism, literature, history and books on the life of the Holy Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). “ viii. Translation of Quran in Urdu: Maulana Mahmood Hassan translated Quran in Urdu language, which 5 considered a masterpiece of Urdu literature, The Dar-ul-Uloom made Urdu as ‘Scanned with CamScanneeving Pakistan poring P2 89 medium of instruction. It bec: i pular mer J ‘ame an instrumental in establishing Urdu as Pemmuicatve language among the Indian students. ° nt expansion of Press: ee The eee Rae MITT opportunities to the scholars and Ulemas for the plication arel aaaiboee ley Were encouraged and persuaded to print their gcholatl an ia Fi a fF which had serious contributions towards the religious, oti and cultur rs of the Muslims. Resultantly, the Dar-u/-Uloom gave rise to wusiim nationalism through the media and press. ‘ creation of jobs: The Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband created employment opportunities to the scholars and Ulemas, who could take jobs in the religious, social and ural institutions. In this way, the Dar-u-Uloom Deoband reduced the unemployment in Ulemas. yi Revivalism of Jihadi spirit: The Dar-ul-Uloom revived the Jehadi “spirit through its teaching and splcetions, which could be witnessed in the Resiini Romal movement and the Khitafat Movement. xii, Growth of Religious Political Parties: During the Khilafat Movement, the Ulemas of Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband formed a religious political party known as Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Hind. They strongly supported the preservation of the Ottoman Empire and they maintained their policy of friendship and alliance towards the Ottoman Empire at this critical time. At the dawn of Pakistan movement, the Ulemas of Dar-ul-Uloom were divided into two groups. Meanwhile Ashraf Ali Thanvi whole-heartedly supported the All India Muslim League and its demand of Pakistan. ° xiii, Voice for Rights of Women: The Dar-ul-Uloom Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband laid emphasis on the women rights ofinheritance. It also stressed upon the marriage of the widows. It also eradicated all such practices from the society, which were repugnant to Islam. 5. Services: Following are services of Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband in the Indian subcontinent, i. Social Services: 7 The Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband laid. emphasis on the women rights of inheritance. It also stressed upon the marriage of the widows. It also eradicated all Such practices from the society, which were repugnant to Islam. The Dar-ul-Uloom Peoband created employment opportunities to the scholars and Ulemas, who could lake jobs in the religious, social and cultural institutions. In this way, the Dar-ul- ‘Scanned with CamScanner‘ Exploring Pakistan | % unemployment in nee Meanwhile the Dar-ul-Uloom i tablishment of religious centers in every corner of the subcont basis forthe ei with the other Madressahas and this Madressaha ment disseminated the Islamic education and Islamic learning among the students, rk Dar-ul-Uloom provided opportunities to the Scholars and Ulemas for the publicata® of their works. They were encouraged uel beteades to print their scholar religious books, which had great contributions towards the religious, soci cultural matters of the Muslims. Resultantly, the Dar-ul-Uloom gave rise to Mustin nationalism through media and press. The Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband adopted an ark. imperialist attitude towards the British. They strongly supported the 0-Ottoman policy since it beginning and they maintained their policy of friendship and alliangg towards the Ottoman Empire. The Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband became torch bearers of modernism and renaissance In Muslim society of subcontinent. Uloom reduced the Provig alan, ji. Religious Services: : / The Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband popularized the Muslim religious education at that time, when it was losing its ground in the subcontinent. The Day-ul-Uloom produced various well-known ulemas, scholars and Mashaikhs. The glorious services of Maulana Qasim Nanotvi, Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Mufti Mohammad Shafi, Maulana Zafar Ali Thanvi etc. played invaluable services for the Muslim renaissance and revivalism in the subcontinent. The Ulemas, scholars and intellectuais of Dar-ul-Uloom produced ten to twelve thousand books on Quran, its explanation and interpretation, Ahadees, Islamic jurisprudence, mysticism, literature, history and books on the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Maulana Mahmood Hasan translated Quran in Urdu, which is considered a masterpiece of Urdu literature. The Dar-ui-Uloom revived Jehadi spirit through its teaching and publications, which could be witnessed in the Reshmi Romai movement and the Khilafat Movement. The Ulemas of Dar-ul-Uloom established a center known Dar-ul-ifta, which provided religious, social and economic guidance to the Muslims under the guidance of Mufti Azeez-ur-Rehman. During the Khilafat Movement, Ulemas of Dar- ul-Uloom Deoband formed a religious political party known as jamiat-ul-Ulema-e- Hind. Their strongly supported preservation of Ottoman Empire and they maintained their policy of friendship and alliance towards Ottoman Empire at this critical time. iii. Political Services: The rapid changes took place in the subcontinent after War of Independence (1857). Now the Muslim ulemas realized the fact that a big center would be found for the protection of Islamic religious learning and Muslim ideology. This realization was also because of the spreading of the Christian missionaries in the subcontinent Now the Christian Missionaries were posing serious threat to the existing religions like Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism; Jainism etc of the subcontinent. The Dar-u-Uloom | Deoband adopted an anti-imperialist attitude towards the British. They strongly | Supported the pro-Ottoman policy since it beginning and they maintained their policy | of friendship and alliance towards the Ottoman Empire. At the dawn of Pakistat movement, the Ulemas of Dar-ul-Uloom were divided into two groups. Meanwhile | I ‘Scanned with CamScanner9 Pakistan exis ~~ jo raf Ali Thanvi whole-h rd pakistan, TOY Supported the All India M lusiim League and its conclusion: The Dar-ul-Uloom occ ; upies a signifi cence and contributions ar ‘nificant position it it spit, EVEN Allama Rashied Rae for TeAaaR etd Ce ermens Countess for revvalsm and renaissance of Musi arked in 1913, "Had he eed the school he would have oa Maintained the high standard of teaching to Egypt_in deep dejection... india stil of Islam." : ee “ ‘Ahmad ‘Saeed, Trok to Pakistan (Lahore 2009).p.409 ‘Scanned with CamScanner