Reading and Writing Skills - Unit 7 - The Organization of A Well-Written Text PDF

Reading and Writing Skills Unit 7:
The Organization of a Well-Written Text
Table of Contents
Objectives 2
Lesson 1: The Main Idea and Supporting Details in a Paragraph 3

Warm-up! 3
Learn about It! 3
Check Your Understanding 7
Let’s Step Up! 8
Lesson 2: Cohesion in a Paragraph 9

Warm-up! 9
Learn about It! 9
Let’s Step Up! 12
Lesson 3: Coherence in a Paragraph 13

Warm-up! 13
Learn about It! 14
Let’s Step Up! 17
Lesson 4: The Structure of a Text 18

Warm-up! 18
Learn about It! 18
Let’s Step Up! 21
Performance Task 22
Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn? 24
Wrap Up 25
Bibliography 26
GRADE 11/12 | Reading and Writing Skills
UNIT 7
The Organization of a Well-Written Text
Your home, school, community, and other groups in the
society follow an order wherein there is a leader and there
are followers. If everyone wants to be a leader and no one
wants to be a follower, or if everyone wants to be a
follower and no one wants to be a leader, the balance in
power tips off and chaos ensues. The same is true in
writing. Writing without organization is like sailing without a
navigator. You do not know where to go, and you will most
likely get stranded in the middle of the sea without
knowing how to arrive at your destination.
Objectives
In this unit, you should be able to:
● analyze a given text in terms of its organization;
● distinguish between coherence and cohesion;
● identify the differences between a well-written text from a badly written text; and
● evaluate the organization of a given text.
2
Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Lesson 1: The Main Idea and Supporting
Details in a Paragraph
Do you have a person or people in your life who will support
you in your decisions in life no matter what? What do you
think will happen if they all disappear?
The same principle applies to paragraphs. When there are no

supporting details, a paragraph becomes disorganized with
no unity in it.
Warm-up!
Quick Writes
In five minutes, write all the ideas and concepts you know about a paragraph and how
paragraphs are organized. Afterward, share your answer in class.
Learn about It!
A paragraph is a group of sentences. A good paragraph has

the following: (1) a single main idea, (2) topic sentence, and
(3) supporting details that further explain or elaborate the
main idea.
The main idea is the main point or central idea in the

paragraph. It is stated in the topic sentence, which can be
found in the beginning, middle, or end of the paragraph.
Then, the main idea is elaborated, supported, or explained
by supporting details or supporting ideas in the paragraph.
3
Examine how the main idea below is supported by the other sentences.
Main Idea: Exercise helps improve one’s life.

Supporting Details:
1. Exercise helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by improving blood
circulation.
2. Daily exercise helps burn fats and keep weight under control.
3. It helps improve and or maintain your good cholesterol level.
4. It prevents depression.
5. It helps boost the flow of blood to the brain, resulting in an improvement to
the cognitive functions of an individual.
Below are examples of well-organized paragraphs:
The Keys to Physical Fitness
Many people who want to be physically fit try the faddy diets they see in infomercial
exercise programs and depend on miracle fat-burning supplements without much success.
This is because all of these are unrealistic about what it really takes to become physically fit.
These are the real steps to fitness. The first step is strength training. Strength training builds
muscle, which helps increase energy levels and improve posture. In addition to building
muscle strength through strength training, regular cardiovascular exercise such as running,
walking, or cycling is essential. Cardiovascular training burns fat and strengthens the heart.
But regular exercise will only be effective if people pay attention to diet and nutrition. A diet
that avoids sugars, junk foods, and high-fat meats and is high in fruits, grains, and low-fat
meats will provide the body with the energy it needs without weight gain. As much as we
might wish it, the “secret” of physical fitness can’t be found in a bottle. Being physically fit
is a matter of regular exercise and good eating habits.
The topic sentence (set in boldface) that contains the main idea is placed at the end of the
paragraph. It reveals the purpose of the paragraph: to inform the readers that becoming
physically fit takes regular exercise and good eating habits. Also, it summarizes the thought of
the entire paragraph.
The supporting details (underlined) are stated in the sentences that precede the topic
4
sentence. They elaborate and explain how to exercise effectively and observe proper diet to
be physically fit.
Time to Get Tough with Drunk Drivers
Drunk driving is a serious crime, and drunk drivers cause serious accidents. It
threatens not only the safety of others but also the safety of the offender. It also has the
potential for serious consequences. It may cause a multitude of accidents, especially when
it happens on a busy road with lots of cars or in a place with a lot of people. When it
happens, the cars become weapons, and drunk driving becomes a form of assault. If
people choose to drink and drive, then they should pay the price of their actions since the
victims of accidents still suffer long after these drivers have “paid their debt to society.” The
law should be changed so that all drinking and driving would result in jail time and vehicles
would be confiscated. Then perhaps more people would think twice about drinking and
driving.
The topic sentence of the paragraph (set in boldface) is placed in the beginning. It prepares
the readers for the supporting details, which elaborate how drunk driving becomes a serious
crime and how it causes serious accidents (underlined in the text).
My New Career
The morning of my big job interview started out like any other. I woke up with a good
night’s sleep, and I am determined and confident in getting a new job as an assistant
for Fern Moving and Storage. The night before the interview, I tried moving the furniture
from one end of the house to the other. My mother thought I was crazy. I felt stronger, like
a bull waiting to get out of its cage. I started seeing the furniture around me in a new light
as I sat at the kitchen table while eating a sandwich. The hide-a-bed in the living room was a
huge finger-eating monster, opening and closing, snapping at me. Looking out onto the
covered patio, I saw the wicker furniture floating, almost drifting by itself to the front door.
Then and there I knew that moving furniture was my calling. Walking to the front door, I
gave the hide-a-bed a good stiff kick.
The main idea of a narrative paragraph is the central theme or topic for which the events
happen. It can be stated or implied in the text. In this case, the central idea of the paragraph is
5
the narrator’s big job interview as an assistant for a company, which is stated in the second
sentence. Then the sentence is followed by the details about the morning that the narrator
woke up.
My First Apartment
My first apartment was a third floor walk-up on a busy street in Manila. The building was a
faded brown characterless box. My apartment was down a dimly lit narrow hallway covered
in worn fifties-style dark green carpeting. When I say apartment, I really mean room,
because there was just one small square room with a tiny bathroom. The air was humid
and musty. One small window provides a perfect view of the brown stucco wall of the
building next door. A small avocado-colored stove and fridge highlighted the kitchen, which
consisted of a few shabby painted wood cupboards that projected into the room. Along one
wall was an older pale blue sofa, which was also my bed. A small red card table with two
chairs served as my kitchen and dining room table. A few feet away, several large cardboard
moving boxes contained all of my clothes and personal possessions.
The subject of the text above is the writer’s first apartment. In the description (underlined), he
or she paints the apartment as small and old. The dominant impression the reader can get is
that the apartment is an unpleasant place for living. The main idea or the central theme or
topic in this paragraph is not stated in the topic sentence. It is implied. The main idea of a
descriptive paragraph, usually implied, is the dominant impression that the reader gets from
the manner the subject is being described. The supporting ideas are the descriptive details
surrounding the subject.
6
Check Your Understanding
Put a check (✔) before the statement that could be a supporting detail to the main idea
below.
Main Idea or Topic Sentence:

Traumatic brain injury is caused by a variety of situations, most of which are accidental in
nature..
1. Open head injury is usually caused by a bullet wound, which penetrates the
skull.
2. The most common types of brain injury are open head injury, closed head
injury, deceleration injuries, tumors, and infections.
3. The severity of the post-traumatic amnesia experienced by a patient with
brain injury will depend on the severity of the brain injury.
4. Elderly and young adults are the age groups that are at the highest risk for
TBI.
5. The top three causes of a brain injury are car accidents, firearm injuries, and
falling from high places.
7
Let’s Step Up!
8
Lesson 2: Cohesion in a Paragraph
Unity is important in a lot of things. If we observe unity in the

family, school, community and other groups, we could
accomplish a lot of things. If divided, even easy tasks will
become difficult. This concept can also be applied to writing.
Just as there should be unity between people, there should
also be unity in sentences and paragraphs.
Warm-up!
Think-Pair-Share
With a partner, discuss how to improve the paragraph below.
I am a medical student. Sometimes, I want to be a lawyer. During rainy days, I badly want to
sleep, but I have so many things to do. I better start doing them or I will be late for the
submission. Indeed, becoming a medical student is a noble thing.
Learn about It!
Cohesion refers to the unity of ideas in a paragraph. Every detail in a paragraph should
support the main idea.
Having cohesion in a paragraph or the entire text is important. Readers do not only
understand sentences individually, but they also take the meaning of the group of sentences
as a whole into consideration. When a paragraph or an entire text lacks cohesion, readers
may find it challenging to determine how the ideas in it are related to one another.
9
Take a look at the following paragraphs from Chapter 1 and see how each of their details is
related to the main idea.
Keys to Physical Fitness

Main idea: Being physically fit is a matter of regular exercise
and good eating habits.
Supporting Detail 1: The first step is strength training.
Strength training builds muscle that helps increase energy
levels and improve posture.
Supporting Detail 2: In addition to building muscle strength
through strength training, regular cardiovascular exercise
such as running, walking, or cycling is essential.
Supporting Detail 3: Cardiovascular training burns fat and
strengthens the heart, but regular exercise will only be
effective if people pay attention to diet and nutrition.
Supporting Detail 4: A diet that avoids sugars, junk foods,
and high-fat meats and is high in fruits, grains, and low-fat
meats will provide the body with the energy it needs without
weight gain.
Supporting Detail 5: As much as we might wish it, the “secret”
of physical fitness can’t be found in a bottle.
In this paragraph, each supporting detail connects itself to the important factors that
contribute to physical fitness. These details are enumerated in order of importance and
possibly depending on what to do and what to avoid when you want to achieve a fit body.
Time to Get Tough with Drunk Drivers

Main idea: Drunk driving is a serious crime, and drunk drivers cause serious accidents.
Supporting Detail 1: It threatens not only the safety of others but also the safety of the
offender.
Supporting Detail 2: It also has the potential for serious consequences. it may cause a
multitude of accidents especially when it happens on a busy road with lots of cars or in a
place with a lot of people.
Supporting Detail 3: When it happens, the cars become weapons, and drunk driving
becomes a form of assault.
10
Supporting Detail 4: If people choose to drink and drive, then they should pay the price of
their actions since the victims of accidents still suffer long after these drivers have “paid
their debt to society.”
This paragraph talks about the hazards of drunk driving. The supporting details explain why
this habit can cause a negative effect not only to the driver but also to those around him or
her.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is cohesion?
2. Why is cohesion in a paragraph important?
3. What happens when a text lacks cohesion?
4. How do you write a cohesive paragraph?
5. What is/are the difference(s) between a cohesive paragraph and a paragraph with no
cohesion?
11
Let’s Step Up!
12
Lesson 3: Coherence in a Paragraph
Have you experienced a time when you were bombarded with
a lot of tasks and you had no idea how to accomplish
everything efficiently? Being organized in everything we do
has a lot of benefits. It could help us keep up with our daily
tasks and know what to prioritize. Being organized is also
important in writing. In this lesson, you will discover how
coherence helps in the organization of a paragraph.
Warm-up!
Think-Pair-Share
With a partner, complete the acrostic below. Fill it with what you originally know about
coherence.
C-
O-
H-
E-
R-
E-
N-
C-
E-
13
Learn about It!
Coherence is the quality of being logical and

well-organized. The details of a coherent paragraph follow
a certain logical order; the connections between the ideas
are reinforced by transitional devices. Transitional
devices help connect words. They allow smooth flow
between words by linking a thought from one sentence to
another or from one paragraph to the next.
The following are examples of transitional devices:
Transitional Devices
To Summarize or Conclude:
therefore, in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I
have said, hence, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole
To Give an Example:
for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, for example, take
the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate
To Show Sequence:
next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, first, second, third, and so forth,
afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously,
concurrently, next, and then, soon
To Emphasize:
definitely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly,
perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, extremely, without a doubt,
certainly, undeniably, always, forever
To Repeat:
in brief, as I have said, as I have noted
To Show Time:
first, second, next, and then, immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later,
previously, formerly
To Show Exception:
14
yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while
To Prove:
because, that is, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover,
indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, besides
To Compare and Contrast:
whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary,
by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although,
conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast
To Add:
and, again, and then, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover,
in addition, first (second, etc.), besides, equally important
Take note of how transitional devices are used in the following paragraph:
He is the smartest person I have ever met. He knows a lot about any subject, yet he remains
humble and kind. What’s more, he is helpful enough to teach us about any topic that confused
us without any complaints. Of course, he is not just exceptional with academics. He is also an
excellent dancer and orator. Surprisingly, he has an eye for film direction and photography. The
world definitely needs more people like him.
Below are some logical patterns used to achieve coherence.
1. Chronological order – This gives a sequence of events. In this order, the writer tells what
happened first, second, third, and so on.
Denver decided to participate in many writing contests. First, he tried the online writing contest
where he needs to write about the devastating effects of burning plastics to Mother Nature. After
a year, he decided to try writing a draft for a children’s story. Finally, he decided to make his
dream come true by sending an entry to the prestigious contest for aspiring young journalists, for
which he wrote an article about terrorism.
2. Spatial order – In this order, the details are arranged according to how things fit together
in a physical space—that is, where one thing exists in relation to another. This pattern works
well when a writer wishes to create a mental picture of something that has various parts
distinguished by physical location.
15
Danica stood before the kitchen and tried to remember where she placed some of the things she
needs. On her right are drawers where she keeps the knives, spoons, and forks. Beside the drawer
is the refrigerator. Meanwhile, on her left is the sink where the plates are laid out, ready for
today’s dinner. Pans were laid out on the stove beside the sink while a bottle of cooking oil is
beside it.
3. Order of importance – In this order, the details are arranged from the least important idea
to the most important one, or vice versa.
I tried to think of a plan for this upcoming foundation day. First, I need to coordinate with the
leaders of other committees. Second, I have to give letters of invitation to guests. Finally, I have to
select a venue for the presentations so that stage designs could be prepared.
4. Compare and contrast – In this pattern, the details are arranged according to how two or
more things are similar to and different from one another. It is an effective pattern to use
when the reader can better understand a subject when it is described in relation to another.
There were two roads that stretched toward the mountains. On the right is a long, winding road
besmirched with hollow trees that seemed to stare you down with their gargantuan size. Unlike
the other one, the road to the left is wide with only a few trees. The land looks rich with
vegetation and is friendly to the eyes of melancholic travelers. The road on the right looks
intimidating while the second one seems to smile at people and welcome them.
5. Topical order – This is the most commonly used format. It will typically work when the
other patterns do not. In this order, the details are arranged according to different subtopics
within a larger topic or the “types” of things that fall within a larger category. Using this
pattern, each “type” represents a main section of information.
There are different ways to prevent burnout. Three of these are the following: (1) have a creative
outlet, (2) take care of yourself, and (3) get support from people who care. Having a creative
outlet means engaging in other activities that enhance your passion for creativity to help keep you
motivated. On the other hand, taking care of yourself means taking a relaxing break every now
and then whenever you get tired. Meanwhile, getting support from people who care really
matters. You could tell these people your problems and you will feel a whole lot better.
16
1. What is coherence?
2. What are transitional devices?
3. Give some examples of transitional devices.
4. Choose one logical pattern and explain it in your own words.
5. What will happen if a paragraph is not coherent?
Let’s Step Up!
17
Lesson 4: The Structure of a Text
Almost everything in this world has a structure. We are made
up of cells, which in turn are made up of other smaller
particles. Everything is built upon a structure. That is how the
world operates. The same is true with paragraphs and texts.
This lesson will show you the structure of a text.
Warm-up!
Quick Writes
Jamaica will deliver her valedictory address. She wants to make the
ending of her speech impactful and inspirational. Her target is to make
people look forward to living their dreams. Write a short ending
paragraph for her speech that will inspire people who will hear it to
work harder after college. Share the paragraph with your classmates.
Learn about It!
The activity above made you write a last paragraph to a

speech. The last paragraph of a speech is similar to the
conclusion of a text. The typical structure of a text is composed
of the introduction, body, and conclusion.
Aside from having the three basic parts, cohesion and

coherence make a well-written text. With such qualities, the
structure of an entire text becomes clear.
18
A. Introduction
This part prepares the readers for the information that they are about to read from the
text. It provides the necessary context or background about the topic of the text. This part
usually contains the thesis statement, a sentence that states the main idea or focus of the
entire text. This part arouses the reader’s interest and sets the tone of the writer.
B. Body
This part develops the thesis statement. It gives examples, details, facts, or reasons to
support the statement.
C. Conclusion
This part ties the ideas in the text together and leaves the reader with a sense of
completion. In this part, the thesis is usually restated, and writers can make a
recommendation or a prediction, or they can ask a question that will lead the readers to
think back upon the subject.
Take a look at the text below:
It was a Saturday evening. My cousins and I are meeting at 8

p.m. to try the new restaurant at the corner of our street.
Rona, my eldest cousin, was to pick us up at our place from
work. Stomachs grumbling, we drove to the restaurant. The
night turned out to be the most disappointing dining
experience we have ever had.
First, we waited for over an hour for our food to be served. As

soon as we were inside the restaurant, we placed our orders
right away before we were seated. The waiter told us that our
orders would be ready in 30 minutes, and he led us to an empty table by the glass window. While
waiting, we did some catching up. Then we followed up on our orders after 30 minutes. The
waiter said it would be ready in a while. That “a while” took almost an hour. By the time the food
came, we were already sulking.
Secondly, the food was awful. Let me begin with the appetizer. The cheese sticks tasted like
cardboard; they were inedible. We immediately asked the waiter to take it away and remove it
19
from our bill. Also, the garlic rice was very salty. You could even crunch on the rock salt. Then the
omelet and the meat dish were very bland. All that time spent waiting was not worth it.
Finally, to cap it all off, the food was overpriced. We divided the bill among ourselves and were
shocked to know that we paid almost the same as we would have if we went to a fine dining
restaurant. We paid our bill without tip and went out of that new restaurant feeling robbed.
We went to our favorite tea cafe to forget about the unsatisfactory dining experience we had.
That night, we realized that taking on adventures involves risks. By trying out the new restaurant
in the neighborhood, for instance, we knew that dining there was not worth our time. It is then
our responsibility to share our experience so that other people could learn from it. On the next
day, I posted a review of the restaurant on their website to let its management know how to
improve their restaurant in terms of its food and service.
In the introduction, the setting, the people involved, and the point of view are established.
Then it ends with the thesis statement: The night turned out to be the most disappointing dining
experience we have ever had.
The second, third, and fourth paragraphs explain the thesis statement further in the following
topic sentences using the chronological order:
1. First, we waited for over an hour for our food to be served.
2. Secondly, the food was awful.
3. Finally, to cap it all off, the food was overpriced.
In the conclusion, the first sentence echoes the thesis statement, followed by a statement of
the “moral” of the story—that taking on adventures like eating at a new restaurant involves
risks. Finally, it ends with the narrator taking action.
20
1. What makes up the typical structure of a text?

2. What does the introduction contain?
3. What does the body contain?
4. What does the conclusion contain?
5. Aside from having the necessary parts, what else should a good paragraph have?
Let’s Step Up!
21
Performance Task
Let’s Travel!
Goal
Your task is to write a four-paragraph essay on a
summer destination for a travel blog.
Role
You are a travel writer for a well-known travel
website that talks about various destinations and
essentials for beginning travelers and
backpackers on a budget. The website is known
for reliable recommendations from its writers.
Audience
Your audience are beginning travelers and backpackers on a budget who rely on your website
for travel and destination recommendations.
Situation
You have experienced a three-day, two-night stay at an upcoming summer destination in the
country and enjoyed your stay. You told your editor about your experience, and he asked you
to write an article about it for your travel website.
Product
You will write a four paragraph essay for a travel website.
1. Choose a travel destination that is applicable for summer. This may be beach- or
resort-inspired, or a hotel staycation, etc. You may research on your choice or base
your write-up on your experience when you had your summer vacation.
2. Write a four-paragraph essay about your chosen summer destination. Include the
following in your write-up:
a. Name and location of the destination
b. Positive things about the place (this may include ambiance, food, amenities, etc.
22
c. Your recommendations about the place
3. Photos of the place will be helpful, but they are optional.
4. Submit your work on a short bond paper; use Calibri font size 12.
Standards and Criteria for Success
Your project will be graded using the rubric below:
Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score

(0-12 points) (13-16 points) (17-20 points)
Content The content There are some The content of

diverts from the times when the the essay or
topic and needs writer diverts paragraph is
improvement. from the topic. aligned with the
topic.
Organization The transitions The transitions Transitions were

from one idea to are appropriate used in the
the next need in most parts proper way.
improvement. though there There was/were
were some that little to no
There are some could still be mistakes in the
sentences that improved. transitions used.
need to be
removed from Some supporting All the
the paragraph or details do not supporting
text because they support the details support
do not support main idea. the main idea
the overall and the overall
structure or idea. structure.
Language There are many There are some There are little to
grammar and grammar and no mistakes in
spelling mistakes. spelling grammar,
mistakes. spelling, and
There were word use.
obvious mistakes There are
in word use. mistakes in word
23
usage, but they
are not obvious
Punctuality The work is The work is The work is

submitted one to submitted on submitted in
two days late. time. advance.
Creativity The essay is not The essay is The essay

catchy and interesting in captures the
attractive to the most parts. reader's interest.
readers.
Main idea and The essay’s main The essay’s main The essay’s main
supporting details idea and idea and idea and
supporting details supporting supporting
do not match. details have a details are
few consistent and
inconsistencies. well-written.
Score:
Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn?

Do a self-check on how well you learned the lessons in this unit. Place a checkmark in the
appropriate box.
I am familiar and
I think I need more I am confident that I
can perform well
Skills practice and can perform this on
with minimal
assistance my own
assistance
I can analyze a given
text in terms of its
organization.
I can distinguish
between coherence
and cohesion.
I can identify the
differences between
24
a well-written text
from a badly written
text.
I can evaluate the
organization of a
given text.
Wrap Up
• The main idea of a paragraph is stated in the topic sentence, which can be
found in the beginning, middle, or end of the paragraph. Then the supporting
details explain it further.
• Cohesion refers to the unity of ideas in a paragraph. Every supporting detail
in a paragraph supports the main idea (the topic sentence).
• Coherence is the quality of being logical and well-organized. The details of a
coherent paragraph follow a certain logical order; the connections between
the ideas are reinforced by transitional devices.
Logical Pattern Description

Chronological order This gives a sequence of events.
Spatial order The details are arranged according to how things fit
together in physical space.
Order of importance The details are arranged from the least important idea to
the most important one, or vice versa.
Compare and In this order, the details are arranged according to how
contrast two or more things are similar to and different from one
another.
Topical order In this order, the details are arranged according to
subtopics within a larger topic, or the “types” of things that
fall within a larger category.
Together, cohesion and coherence in paragraphs make a well-written text. With
such qualities, the structure of an entire text becomes clear.
25
Introduction Body Conclusion
This part prepares the This part develops the This part ties the ideas in
readers for the information thesis statement. It the text together and
that they are about to read gives examples, details, leaves the reader with a
from the text. facts, or reasons to sense of completion.
support the statement.
Bibliography
Academic Writing Resources. “Transitional Devices.” Accessed September 19, 2018.
http://write-site.athabascau.ca/transitional-devices.php
Behrens, Laurence, and Leonard J. Rosen. Writing and Reading across the Curriculum. New York:
Longman, 2005.
Bigauskas, Ray. 2008. “Thinking and Writing: A Guide to Paragraphs and Essays.” Accessed
September 19, 2018. http://rbigausk.disted.camosun.bc.ca/think_write.htm.
Forlini, Gary, Mary Beth Bauer, Lawrence Biener, Linda Capo, Karen Moore Kenyon, Darla H.
Shaw, and Zenobia Verner. 1990. Prentice Hall Grammar and Composition 1. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall.
NewsUSA. 2016. “How to Cool Down A/C Summer Bills.” Accessed September 18, 2018.
http://www.copyrightfreecontent.com/newsusa/how-to-cool-down-summer-ac-bills/.
Purdue Online Writing Lab. “Transitional Devices.” Accessed September 19, 2018.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/transitions_and_transitional_de
vices/transitional_devices.html
University of Washington Faculty. 2016. “Patterns of Organization.” Accessed September 19,

2018. http://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/impo.htm
Recommended Link for This Unit:
n.d. "What is a paragraph?" Learn American English Online. Accessed September 26, 2018.
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL6_paragraphs.html.
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Reading and Writing Skills - Unit 7 - The Organization of A Well-Written Text PDF

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Reading and Writing Skills Unit 7:

The Organization of a Well-Written Text

Lesson 1: The Main Idea and Supporting Details in a Paragraph 3

Lesson 2: Cohesion in a Paragraph 9

Lesson 3: Coherence in a Paragraph 13

Lesson 4: The Structure of a Text 18

Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn? 24

The same principle applies to paragraphs. When there are no

Learn about It!

A paragraph is a group of sentences. A good paragraph has

The main idea is the main point or central idea in the

Main Idea: Exercise helps improve one’s life.

Below are examples of well-organized paragraphs:

The Keys to Physical Fitness

Time to Get Tough with Drunk Drivers

Main Idea or Topic Sentence:

Unity is important in a lot of things. If we observe unity in the

With a partner, discuss how to improve the paragraph below.

Learn about It!

Keys to Physical Fitness

Time to Get Tough with Drunk Drivers

Check Your Understanding

Answer the following questions:

Coherence is the quality of being logical and

The following are examples of transitional devices:

Below are some logical patterns used to achieve coherence.

Answer the following questions:

Let’s Step Up!

Learn about It!

The activity above made you write a last paragraph to a

Aside from having the three basic parts, cohesion and

Take a look at the text below:

It was a Saturday evening. My cousins and I are meeting at 8

First, we waited for over an hour for our food to be served. As

Answer the following questions:

1. What makes up the typical structure of a text?

Let’s Step Up!

Standards and Criteria for Success

Your project will be graded using the rubric below:

Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score

Content The content There are some The content of

Organization The transitions The transitions Transitions were

Punctuality The work is The work is The work is

Creativity The essay is not The essay is The essay

Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn?

Logical Pattern Description

University of Washington Faculty. 2016. “Patterns of Organization.” Accessed September 19,

Recommended Link for This Unit:

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