9691186 ‫جوال‬ ‫استاذ سميرحماد‬ ‫مركز الكرامة التعليمي‬

Question one: Answer the following questions.

1- Where was the survey/study carried out/done? Why? How many people were involved?
It was carried out in the UK in order to reveal the top ten dream jobs. 3,000 workers were involved in
it.
2- Who was asked to show what doing these dream jobs was really like?
Professionals like airline pilots, TV and theatre actors, pianist and singer and charity worker.
3- According to James Hutchings, what are some of the disadvantages of being a pilot?
a- As a pilot you don't see the world, just the insides of the airport.
b- There are lots of ways you could lose your job.
c- It only fits young and single people: it's hard and tough.
4- How does Jane Nicholson feel towards being an actor?
a- There's nothing she'd rather do. B- the feeling she gets is like nothing else(feels good and
positive). C- it outweighs the many negatives.
5- What are some of the disadvantages of being an actor?
a- The pressure. B- the stage fright. C- the long periods without work. D- unless being a big star, the
actor never knows where the next job is going to come from.
6- When/ How does an actor know where the next job is going to come from?
If he is a big star.
7- According to Amina Kureishi, what is easy and what is hard?
Easy: anyone can become a musician. Hard: to make a living from it- being a musician.
8- What are the types of musicians/singers?
a- Normal singers. B- good singers. C- successful singers. (three types)
9- For most singers/ musicians, what is their working life like? What are the disadvantages of
being a singer?
a- Life of late nights. B- long hours practicing. C- traveling from place to place. D- being paid just
enough to put food on the table- earn little money.
10- What else do the majority of the professional musicians do to get extra money?
They teach.
11- What has made the charity/working for non-profit organisation being so high in the list?
It's the job satisfaction. A lot of people probably feel they'd rather do something to help others than
work for a company making money for someone else.
12- How do non-profit organisations have to be run these days?
Like businesses. The people at the top are paid well, but those lower down are often volunteers-
work for free.
13- Who is paid well in non-profit organisations? Who works for free?
People at the top are paid well. Volunteers work for free.
14- Decide whether the statements are TRUE/ FALSE.
a- James is surprised that so many people want to be pilots. (TRUE)
b- James plans to continue working as a pilot for long. (FALSE)
c- Jane feels that her job is special. (TRUE)
d- If you are a good enough singer, you will probably succeed in the end. (FALSE)
e- All singers have to work late nights, long hours and travel a lot. (FALSE)
…most..
f- Few professional musicians need other source of income. (FALSE)
…majority..
g- Many musicians are full-time teachers. (FALSE)
h- Some people who work for charities are not paid. (TRUE)
i- All people who work in charities are paid. (FALSE)
15- Find words in the text that have almost the same meanings as the following.
 a- Shown: ______________. B- unreality: _______________. C- being sure that you won't lose
your job: _____________. D- skillful people: _________________. E- several: ___________. F-
being unmarried: ______________. G- prefer to: __________________. H- is more important
than: __________________.
. I- being famous and well-known: ________________. J- earn enough money to survive:
___________ . K- non-profit organisation: ________________. L- feeling of content and
happiness: ________________.
(ANSWERS: a- revealed. B- fantasy. C- job security. D- professionals. E- lots of. F- single.
G- 'd rather.
H- outweighs. I- big star. J- make a living. K- charity. L- satisfaction)
16- Find words that have almost the opposite meaning of the following.
a- Bottom: _____________. B- boring: _____________. C- win: ____________. D- married:
___________
. E- positives: _____________. F- security/ safety: ______________. G- similar:
_______________. . H- minority: _____________. I- expenses: _______________. J-
badly: _____________.
(ANSWERS: a- top. B- exciting. C- lose. D- single. E- negatives. F- fright. G- different. H-
majority.
I-incomes. J- well)
17- Say what does each of the following words/phrases refer to?
a- Line 3: …these jobs… refers to ___________________. F- line 13: …it…refers to
____________________.
b- Line 4:…this… refers to ________________________. G- line 13: …they… refers to
_________________.
c- Line 5: …they… refers to _____________________. H- line 17: …this work…refers
to_______________.
d- Line 7: …it…refers to ________________________. I- line 17: …the list…refers to
__________________.
e- Line 9: …it…refers to ________________________.
(ANSWERS: a- dream jobs. B- Airline pilot. C- people. D- being a pilot. E- the feeling. F-
becoming a musician.
G- singers, good singers and successful singers/ types of singers. H- charity worker. I- of dream
jobs.)
18- Complete the following sentences from the text above.
a- They carried out the survey in order to
________________________________________________.
b- James thinks that being a pilot is
_____________________________________________________.
c- Working as a pilot suits James now because
___________________________________________.
d- As Jane says, you can only know where the future job is coming from
___________________________.
e- Amina thinks that the most important part of being a musician is _______________________________.
f- Ben Harper believes charity is high in the list due to _________________________________________.
ANSWERS: a-reveal the top ten dream jobs in the UK.
b-not as exciting as people think.
c-he is young and single.
d-if you are a big star.
e-to make a living from it.

f-job satisfaction and the love to just help others

 ‫الكالم المباشر والغير مباشر ‪Direct and indirect speech‬‬

‫الكالم المباشر ( ‪ : ) direct speech‬وهو نقل نفس كلمات المتكلم بالضبط وبدون اي تغير حيث يُوضع بين عالمتي االقتباس ( ‪ ) quotation marks‬وغالبا ً‬

‫مايستخدم هذا االسلوب في الروايات المكتوبة ‪ ,‬النهُ احيانا من الصعب تذكر كل ماقالهُ المتكلم ‪.‬‬

‫الكالم الغير مباشر (‪ : )indirect speech‬وهو اعادة صياغة ما قالهُ المتكلم بطريقة اخرى ‪ ,‬حيث ان هذا النوع هو االكثر شيوعا ً ‪.‬‬

‫‪I am teaching English‬‬

‫‪( He was a teacher of English‬كالم مباشر)‬

‫‪( .He said he had been a teacher of English‬كالم غير مباشر)‬

‫‪ -‬اذا كان الفعل فى الجمله فى زمن المضارع البسيط – المضارع التام – المستقبل – المضارع المستمر‪ -‬فنجد انه ال يتغير فى صيغة الكالم الغير مباشر‬

‫'' ‪This work is too difficult for me to do" he said‬‬

‫‪.He said this work is too difficult for him to do‬‬

‫‪ -‬اذا كانت الجمله تعبر عن حقيقة فسوف نستخدم المضارع البسيط فى الكالم الغير مباشر " ‪"The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, he said‬‬

‫‪He said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west‬‬

‫الكالم المباشر والغير مباشر‬

‫الكالم المباشر‬ ‫الكالم الغير مباشر‬

‫‪I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours‬‬ ‫‪He , she, his, her, they ,them, their, theirs‬‬
‫‪This‬‬ ‫‪That‬‬
‫‪These‬‬ ‫‪Those‬‬
‫‪Here‬‬ ‫‪There‬‬
‫‪Now‬‬ ‫‪Then‬‬
‫‪Ago‬‬ ‫‪Before‬‬
‫‪Today‬‬ ‫‪That day‬‬
‫‪Tomorrow‬‬ ‫‪The next day‬‬
‫‪Yesterday‬‬ ‫‪The previous day/ The day before‬‬

‫السؤال الغير مباشر‬

‫فى السؤال الغير مباشر يكون ترتيب الكلمة كاالتى‬

‫‪(Are you hungry?) He said. ----> He asked if/ whether he was hungry.‬‬

‫‪(Are you tired?) He said. -----> He asked if/ whether he was tired.‬‬
 ‫ بعد الكلمات االتية فى الكالم الغير مباشر‬if/whether ‫نالحظ ان المضارع تحول الى ماضى والماضى تحول الى ماضى تام قد تستخدم‬

(ask- want- wonder-enquire)

"Can Adam speak French? He said" -----> He asked if Adam could speak French.

"Has Nicole spent all the money? He said" ----> He asked if Adam had spent all the money.

‫صيغة االمر فى الكالم الغير مباشر ان صيغة االمر فى الكالم الغير مباشر تكون كاالتى‬

‫ المصدر‬+ to + ‫الفعل‬

asking – ordering- telling- advising ‫ان الفعل فى الكالم الغير مباشر يتالئم مع وظيفة االمر فلهجة االمر ياتى معها الكلمات االتية مثل‬

"Remember to send the email" she asked me. ---> She reminded me to send the email

‫ المصدر‬+ to ‫ قبل‬never ‫ او‬not ‫اذا كان االمر منفيا فى الكالم الغير مباشر نضع‬

"Don't wait" he said.-----> He asked me not to wait

"Never do that again" he said .----> He told me never to do that again

"Go away" .-----> He ordered me to go away

"Don't be late tomorrow" .----->He ordered him not to be late tomorrow.

Examples:

She said’ I need more money ‘. (direct speech)

She said that she needed more money. (indirect speech)

‘I don’t know much about music’. Judy said. (direct speech)

Judy said that she didn’t know much about music. (indirect speech)

‫( يسمى‬said) ‫ فعل القول‬reporting verb

‫تحويل الكالم المباشر الى الكالم غير مباشر في الجملة الخبرية‬

· ‫ ينبغي عمل مايلي‬, ً ‫ اذا كان فعل القول ماضيا‬:

1- ‫ نغير الزمن اذا كان مضارعا ً الى الماضي لكي يطابق فعل القول‬.
 2- ‫ ( نغيرالزمن اذا كان ماضيا ً الى الماضي التام‬had ) + ‫ التصريف الثالث للفعل‬.

3- ‫ نحول ضمائر الشخص االول والثاني الى الشخص الثالث‬.

4- ‫ نحذف عالمتا االقتباس‬.

5- ‫( نستخدم اداة الربط‬that)

6- ‫( نغير الصفات والظروف مثل‬this) ‫( تصبح‬that) ‫( و‬these) ‫( تصبح‬those) ‫( و‬here) ‫ ( تصبح‬there) ‫( و‬now) ‫( تصبح‬then) ‫( و‬today) ‫تصبح‬

(that day) ‫( و‬tomorrow) ‫ ( تصبح‬the next day) ‫(و‬yesterday) ‫( تصبح‬the day before) ‫( و‬ago) ‫( تصبح‬before) ‫( و‬come) ‫( تصبح‬go) .

‫ وهذه بعض االمثلة التوضيحية‬...

She said ‘they can sleep in this room’. (direct speech)

She said that they could sleep in that room. (indirect speech)

She said ‘I will see you tomorrow’. (direct speech)

She said that she would see him the next day. (indirect speech)

He said ’I moved here two years ago’. (direct speech)

He said that he had moved there two years before. (indirect speech)

They said ‘our team has won’. (direct speech)

They said that their team had won. (indirect speech)

· ‫ ينبغي ان‬, ‫ال نغير االزمنة اذا كان فعل القول مضارع او مضارع تام او مضارع مستمر او في زمن المستقبل‬

· ً
‫والحديثة يمكن الغير رسمية في اللغة‬ ‫( كتابة و حذف‬that) ‫مثل‬

They said I had to see a doctor first.

She says she wants to see you this afternoon.

‫تحويل الكالم المباشر الى الكالم غير مباشر في السؤال‬

‫ ينبغي عمل مايلي‬, ‫ لتحويل السؤال الى كالم غير مباشر‬:

1- ‫( وضع‬asked) ‫ الكالم المباشر في بداية الجملة االستفهامية في‬.

2- ‫( اذا كان السؤال يبدأ بـ‬why , where , when , which ) ‫ استخدمها في الكالم المباشر‬.
 3- ‫( واذا كان السؤال يبدأ بـ‬did , does , do , is , are, were ..etc) ‫( استعمل اداة الربط‬if ) ‫( او‬whether) .

4- ‫ نغير السؤال الى جملة خبرية‬.

-5 ‫ نحذف عالمتا االقتباس‬.

6- ‫( نغير الصفات والظروف مثل‬this) ‫( تصبح‬that) ‫( و‬these) ‫( تصبح‬those) ‫( و‬here) ‫( تصبح‬

there) ‫( و‬now) ‫( تصبح‬then) ‫( و‬today) ‫( تصبح‬that day) ‫( و‬tomorrow) ‫ ( تصبح‬the next day) ‫(و‬yesterday) ‫( تصبح‬the
day before) ‫( و‬ago) ‫( تصبح‬before) ‫( و‬come) ‫( تصبح‬go) .

She asked me, ‘where do you live?’ (direct speech)

She asked me where I lived ( indirect speech ).

‘Do you live here?’

She asked him if (or whether) he lived there.

‘Did our team win?’

They asked if their team had won.

‘Why won’t you come with us?’

He asked her why she wouldn’t come with them.

‘Which chair shall I sit in?’

He wondered which chair he should sit in.

‫مالحظات حول السؤال‬

* ‫ عندما تنقل السؤال التعاملهُ معاملة السؤال بأستخدام تركيبة السؤال‬.

* ُ‫ التستعمل عالمة االستفهام معه‬.

Report the questions.

1 . “Where are you planning to go next?”
I asked the tourists ______________________________________________________.
2. “Have you finished reading that book yet?”
I asked my mother _____________________________________________________.
3 ‘Was that the best way to do the job?’
I asked her _________________________________________________________.
4 ‘How did you manage to do the work so quickly?’
They asked him _________________________________________________________.
5. “Do you want me to mention this in the report?”
I asked her _________________________________________________________.
6. “Are you happy in your new job?”
I asked my brother ______________________________________________________.
7 ‘Who do you want to speak to?’
She asked me _________________________________________________________.
8 ‘Can you speak any foreign languages?’
He asked her _________________________________________________________.
9 ‘Where is the nearest police station?’
He asked _________________________________________________________ .
10 ‘Do Palestinian students usually choose technical subjects?’
I asked _________________________________________________________.
11 ‘What do you want?’
He asked me _________________________________________________________.
12 ‘Did someone tell you the answer?’
She asked him _________________________________________________________.
13. “How many copies do you need?”
I asked the manager _____________________________________________________.
14 ‘Where are you going?’
The teacher asked him _____________________________________________________.
 Enrichment material for the 12th grade-2nd semester-reading comprehension.

EFP. Unit 7 page 68. The world of work

‫عالم األعمال‬
A survey of 3,000 workers in the UK has revealed the top ten dream jobs .
.‫موظف في المملكة المتحدة حول أهم عشر وظائف يحلمون منها‬3000 ‫أظهر استطالع ل‬

Being ‘dream’ jobs, a certain amount of fantasy is involved, but what is the reality behind the dream ?
‫ لكن ما هي الحقيقة وراء هذا الحلم ؟‬، ‫ فقد تنطوي على قدر من الخيال‬، ‫كون تلك الوظائف حلم‬
. . like really was jobs these doing what professionals some asked ‫سألنا بعض المهنيين كيف تبدو وظائفهم في الواقع‬
We
Airline pilot, James Hutchings: ‘They didn’t really make this the first choice, did they ?
‫ أليس كذلك ؟‬، ‫ " هناك ممن لم يضع ) يختار ( وظيفة طيار كاختيار‬: ‫ سالناه‬: ‫طيار يعمل في شركة طيران يدعى جيمس هاتشينجز‬
. . of thinking were people what is job my sure not m‘I‫لست متأكد ان وظيفتي هي كما يظن الناس‬

. . pilots fighter jet be to wanted probably They‫يريدون على االرجح ان يكونوا طياري طائرات مقاتالت نفاةة‬
. . think people as exciting as t‘isn work The‫العمل ليس مثيرا ً كما يظن الناس‬

. . airports of insides the just ,world the see t‘don You‫ ال تراه إال داخل المطارات‬، ً ‫انت ال ترى العالم ابدا‬
. . either security job much t‘isn Thereً ‫ليس هناك الكثير من االمن الوظيفي ايضا‬
. . job your lose could you ways of lots are There‫هناك الكثير من الطرق التي يمكن ان تفقد بها وظيفتك‬
It suits me at the moment because I’m young and single, but I wouldn’t want to be still doing it in ten years’
time.’
.‫ لكن ال أريد ان أبقى بها اكثر من عشر سنوات‬، ‫إنها تناسبني في هذه اللحظة ألني شاب واعزب‬
TV and theatre actor, Jane Nicholson: ‘There’s nothing I’d rather do .
" .‫ " ال يوجد شيء أود ان اعمله افضل من ذلك‬: ‫تقول الممثلة المسرحية والتلفزيونية جين نيكلسون‬
The feeling you get is like nothing else, and it outweighs the many negatives, like the pressure, the stage
fright and the
long periods without work .
‫ مثل الضغط ورهبة المسرح والفترات الطويلة‬، ‫ وانه هذا الشعور يفوق العديد من السلبيات‬، ‫الشعور الذي يحدث معك هو ليس كأي شعور‬
.‫بدون عمل‬
Unless you’re a big star, you never know where the next job is going to come from.’
.‫ فلن تعرف من أين سيأتيك عمل ما‬،‫مالم تكن نجما ً كبيرا‬
Pianist and singer, Amina Kureishi: ‘Almost anyone can become a musician, but the trick is to make a living
from it.
ً
‫ لكن السر هو كسب لقمة العيش منها‬، ‫ يمكن الي شخص تقريبا ان يصبح موسيقيا‬: ‫ أمينة قريشي‬، ‫تقول المغنية وعازفة البيانو‬
( .‫)الموسيقى‬
I mean, there are singers, there are good singers and there are successful singers, but they’re three different
things.
.‫ لكنهم ةالةة أصناف مختلفة‬، ‫ ويوجد مطربين جيدين ويوجد مطربين ناجحين‬، ‫ يوجد مطربين‬، ‫انا أقصد‬
For most of us it’s a life of late nights, long hours practising and travelling from place to place, being paid
 just enough to
put food on the table .
‫ وساعات التمارين الطويلة والسفر من مكان لمكان وأجور بالكاد تكفي لتناول وجبة‬، ‫ إنها حياة األوقات المتأخرة من الليل‬، ‫بالنسبة لنا‬
.‫طعام على طاولة‬
The majority of professional musicians need other incomes, usually from teaching.’
.‫ وعادة من تدريس الموسيقى‬، ‫غالبة الموسيقين المحترفين بحاجة لمصادر دخل اخرى‬
Charity worker, Ben Harper: ‘I can understand why this work comes so high in the list .
.‫ " أستطيع ان أتفهم لماذا يأتي هذا العمل في أعلى القائمة‬: ‫يقول ) بن هاربر ( الموظف بجمعية خيرية‬
?it t‘isn ,satisfaction job the s‘It ‫ أليس كذلك ؟‬، ‫إنه الرضى الوظيفي‬
A lot of people probably feel they’d rather do something to help others than work for a company making
money for
someone else .
.‫هناك الكثير من الناس ربما تشعر انها تريد القيام بشيء لمساعدة اآلخرين اكثر من أن تعمل بشركة لكسب المال لشخص آخر‬
But the thing is that for most charity workers, it’s just an office job .
.‫لكن الشيء المهم هو أن موظفي الجمعيات الخيرية يعتبرون تلك الوظيفة مجرد وظيفة مكتبية‬
Even non-profit organisations have to be run like businesses these days .
.‫حتى المنظمات غير الربحية يجب ان تدار كما تدار الشركات هذه األيام‬
The people at the top are paid well, but those lower down are often volunteers.’

CASE STUDY : MILTON SECONDARY SCHOOL

‫ مدرسة ميلتون الثانوية‬: ‫دراسة حالة‬

Most schools claim to prepare students for the world of work, but Milton Secondary School takes the claim very seriously .
. Before they even join the school, future ‫ لكن مدرسة ميلتون الثانوية تأخذ هذه المطالبة على محمل الجد‬، ‫معظم المدارس تطالب بإعداد الطالب لعالم العمل‬
pupils get an informal interview at their primary school to discuss their hopes and preferences for the future .
. The emphasis on ‫ فإن تالميذ المستقبل يعدّ لهم مقابلة غير رسمية في مدرستهم اإل بتدائية لمناقشة آمالهم واولوياتهم في المستقبل‬، ‫قبل ان يلتحقوا بالمدرسة‬
employment continues during the first two years at Milton, and then in the third year all pupils spend a day doing work experience
at a local company .
.‫ ةم يقضي التالميذ في السنة الثالثة يوما ً واحدا ً للقيام بتجربة عمل في شركة محلية‬، ‫يستمر التركيز على العمل خالل أول عامين في ميلتون‬
Two years later, this becomes a whole week spent with a company, usually arranged by the students themselves.
. Throughout their secondary education, ‫ وعادة يكون الطالب هم من يرتبون لهذا اللقاء‬، ‫ يصبح اسبوعا ً كامالً يقضيه الطالب مع الشركة‬، ‫بعد ذلك بعامين‬
students have professional careers advice, which costs the school over £30,000 a year .
. Head teacher Harriet Downs ‫جنيه في العام الواحد‬30000 ‫ التي تكلف المدرسة أكثر من‬، ‫ يتلقى الطالب نصائح مهنية للوظائف‬، ‫على مدار دراستهم الثانوية‬
believes it’s worth it, though: ‘Teachers aren’t trained as careers advisers,’ she says, ‘so we bring in professional help .
. It’s part of ‫ وتق ول لم يتم تدريب المعلمين كمستشارين مهنيين لذلك نستعين بالمساعدة المهنية‬، ( ‫وترى مديرة المدرسة هاريت داوونز ان ذلك ذو قيمة ) يستحق‬
a co-ordinated programme that aims to make students aware of the employment options available, and how to make the most of
them .
. It’s too late to start talking about ‫ وكيفية االستفادة القصوى منها‬، ‫إنه جزء من برنامج منسق يهدف إلى جعل الط الب على دراية بخيارات العمل المتوفرة‬
work in their final year.
.‫سيكون قد فات األوان إذا بدأنا في الحديث عن العمل في سنتهم النهائية‬
 The Education Minister talks job prospects
‫وزير التعليم يتحدث عن آفاق العمل‬

In a speech yesterday, the Education Minister advised students to avoid arts subjects and choose science or maths if
they want to improve their job prospects .
‫ حيث نصح الطالب تجنب الموضوعات األدبية وإختيار العلوم أو الرياضيات إذا كانوا يريدون تحسين‬، ‫في كلمة ألقاها أمس وزير التعليم‬
. In the past, he said, arts subjects like languages and history were chosen by students who didn’t ‫آفاقهم المستقبلية في العمل‬
have a clear idea of what they wanted to do in the future .
. He ‫ في الماضي إختار الطالب الموضوعات األدبية مثل اللغات والتاريخ ألنه لم يكن لديهم فكرة واضحة عما يريدون القيام به في المستقبل‬: ‫وقال‬
explained that this was because of a feeling that they involved skills that were useful for many different jobs, but he
questioned whether this was still true: ‘Nowadays, we know differently, don’t we?
‫ وتساءل‬، ‫وأوضح أن ذلك كان بسبب شعور تولد لدى الطالب بأن تلك المواضيع تشتمل على مهارات تفيد في العديد من الوظائف المختلفة‬
" The best subjects for keeping your options ‫ أليس كذلك ؟‬، ‫ نحن نفهم ذلك بشكل مختلف‬، ‫ " في الوقت الحاضر‬: ً ‫عما إذا كان هذا صحيحا‬
open are ones like science, technology and engineering.’
. It quickly became clear that the ‫افضل المواضيع التي تبقي لك الخيارات مفتوحة هي مواضيع مثل العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة‬
Minister’s words were controversial, with teachers and university heads reacting strongly to his advice .
.‫وبشكل سريع اصبحت كلمات الوزير المثيرة للجدل واضحة للمدرسيين ورؤساء الجامعات مع ردات فعل قوية لنصائحه‬
‘Of course science and technology are important,’ said one, ‘but it would be completely wrong to neglect the arts.
. They provide important skills and ‫ " العلوم والتكنولوجيا مهمة بالطبع ) بالتأكيد ( لكن سيكون من الخطأ تماما ً ان نهمل اآلداب‬: ‫فقال احدهم‬
an understanding of the world and people in general .
.‫فهي توفر المهارات الهامة ومهارات فهم العالم والناس بشكل عام‬

Also, the economy depends as much on creativity as on technical knowledge.’

.‫أيضا ً يعتمد اإلقتصاد كثيرا ً على اإلبداع تماما ً كالمعرفة التقنية‬

‫السؤال المذيل في االنجليزية‬

‫ السؤال المذيل‬Question tag

‫ يعني هذا االنجليزية في المذيل السؤال‬.)‫أليس " السؤال هو سؤال قصير كثيرا ُ ما يلحق بأواخر الجمل في الكالام و أحيانا ُ في الكتابات الغير فصحي (أو الغير رسمية‬
‫ و أستخدامه شائع في النجليزية‬, " ‫كذلك؟‬.

"Question Tags" are the small questions that often come at the ends of sentences in speech, and sometimes in informal
writing. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.

> ‫ و يكون في حالة الجملة المثبته منفيا ُ و العكس السؤال يصاغ هذا‬.‫ الناقص حسب زمن الجملة يليه ضمير الفاعل للفاعل في الجملة‬/ ‫غالبا ُ من الفعل المساعد‬.

The question tag is formed by making a short question of the helping verb (according to the tense ) or the modal in the
sentence then the the pronoun of the subject. If the main sentence is positive, then the question tag must be negative. If the
main sentence is negative, then the question tag must be positive.

Examples : -
Modal: They should go, shouldn’t they?
be: We are going soon, aren’t we?
have: Joan has fi nished the job, hasn’t she?
Present: You are taking notes, aren’t you?
 Past: You were taking notes, weren’t you?
Ahmad can swin, can't he?
You cannot play the piano, can you ?
He'd left early, hadn't he?
It's stopped raining, hasn't it?
You like apple, don't you?
The meeting is at ten, isn't it?
‫ أتي به السؤال هنا‬is ‫رغم أن الزمن هو المضارع البسيط‬
Shady gave you the money, didn't he?

Notice the meaning of yes yes and no in answer to a negative sentence : -

You aren't going out today, are you?
Yes (yes, I'm going out)
No (No, I'm not going out.)

> ‫ و يستخدم كذلك في الطلب و األمر لطلب من شخص أن يفعل شئ (الطلب المذيل السؤال يستخدم‬, ‫لغرضين هما تأكيد صحة الكالم أو طلب موافقة الشخص المخاطب‬
‫)بأدب‬

We use question tags to check information orask for agreement. In requests an imperatives, we use questin tags to ask
some one to do something politely
You couldn't lend me a pound, could you?
come in, won't you?

>‫ المذيل السؤال حاالت خاصة في‬Some special cases : ‫ـ‬

1 - ‫ الفعل‬have ‫ و لذلك يستخدم‬,‫ يعتبر فعل أساسي إذا جاء في المضارع البسيط في اللهجة األمريكية‬do ‫ بينما يعتبر فعل مساعد في هذه الحالة ( السؤال في‬.‫المذيل‬
‫ الفعل االساسي في الجملة) و يستخدم‬have ‫المذيل السؤال في‬

Have in American English is like any other main verb; it obliges us to

use do in the question tag. In British English, main verb have is just like helping verb have.
American : They have a problem with that, don’t they?
British : They have a problem with that, haven’t they?

2 - ‫ الكلمات النافية‬negative words : -‫ـ‬

‫ ;يستخدم سؤال مثبت بعد الجمل التي يأتي بها كلمات نفي مثل‬never, no, nobody, hardly, scarcely and little

Non-negative tags are used after sentences containing negative words like; never, no, nobody, hardly, scarcely and little
Examples : -
You never say what you are thinking, do you? (not; don't you)
There is little we can do about it, is there?

2 - ‫ في هذه الجمل المذيل السؤال الحظ تكوين‬: -

- I'm right, aren't I (= am I not)? - not(

Open the door, won't you? (especially in british
)
‫ تستدم‬won't you ُ ‫مع األمر خاصة في اللهجة البريطابية لجعله أكثر أدبا‬
‫ و لكن بعد األمر المنفي نستخدم‬will you?

Do not forget, will you?

 - ‫ و يمكن أستخدام‬will/would/can/could you? ‫للطلب بأدب‬

will/would/can/could you? can also be used for polite request

Give me a hand, will you?
Open a ******, could you?

- ‫ تستخدم‬can't you ‫)للتعبير عن نفاذ الصبر (طفح الكيل‬

Can't you express imatiance

Shut up, can't you?

- Let's have a party, shall we?

- There is something wrong, isn't there?

There weren't any problems, were there?
There's some more chairs upstairs, aren't thee?

- Nobody, some body, everybody, no one

Nobody went to school yesterday, did they?

- nothing, everything
Nothing can happen, can it?

- I think he is American, in't he?

I don't think it'll rain, will it?
I suppose you are hungry, aren't you?

3 -‫ االسألة التي ال تخالف حال الجملة‬Same way tags

‫ ال نقلب األةبات نفي و العكس المذيل السؤال إذا كان‬,‫ياتي في جملة تكون تأكيد لكالم ذكر من قبل‬

If the speaker repeats what has been said before, the tag is used to express surprire, interest, concern or some other
reaction

So, you are etting married, are you? what nice!

Yuo think you are the smartest ne here, don't you
?

- ‫لمعرفة ما إذا كان األقتراح أو التخمين صحيح المذيل يمكن هنا أيضا أقتراح شئ ةم أتباعه بالسؤال‬

We use the main sentense to make a guess, an then ask (in the tag) if it was correct.
You father is at home, is he?
That's the last bus, is it?

There is still a point about intonation which is to be added soon, but I'm tired now
This Topic has been prepared from more about 6 books. I hope you like it

Besy wishes
 Qustion Tag : -->
Complete the following sentences with the suitable question tag : -
1 - You cannot swim,................?
2 - Ahmed can swim, ...............?
3 - Shady is at home, .................?
4 - Ramy's book is new, ...............?
5 - It's raining heavily,..................?
6 - It's stopped raining,..................?
7 - He'd left early, ....................?
8 - You'd like to have tea, ....................?
9 - You'd better leave early, ..................?
10 - You'd rather study abroad, ..................?
11 - I'm late, ...................?
12 - You speak English, .....................?
13 - You never come by bus, ...................?
14 - He came late, .....................?
15 - He read the report, ................?
16 - You can hardly speak German, ....................?
17 - Let's have lunch, ................?
18 - Let us go out, .................?
19 - Open the book, ................?
20 - Don't speak, ................?
21 - This is your book, .................?
22 - You have a car, ..................?
23 - He had lunch, ....................?

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Answers : -
1 - can you?
2 - can he?
3 - isn't he?
4 - isn't it?
5 - isn't it?
6 - hasn't it?
7 - hadn't he?
8 - wouldn't you?
9 - hadn't you?
10 - wouldn't you?
11 - aren't I? / am I not?
12 - don't you?
13 - do you?
14 - didn't he?
15 - didn't he?
16 - can you?
17 - shall we?
18 - won't you?
19 - won't you?
20 - will you?
21 - isn't it?
22 - don't you?
23 - didn't he?