‘Wis tntcraational standard was developed i accordance with eroaionaly ecenid principe nernatonal standart Cais sn Kecommetar e y the aid rade Organon Techni ari to Trade FT) Come, Beveapment Aly Designation: C403/C403M - 16 Standard Test Method for undardzation sash in the Deco on Pra f the Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance’ “Ths alanis ae ete fi ig ‘erga adoption onthe eave of re om CACAO he year olan rs 'N superstition) ndctes an ei hangs since teas enon ‘This andar has beer eproved for 1, Scope* LLL This test method covers the determination of the time of | setting of concrete, with slump greater than zero, by means of penetration resistance measurements on mortar sieved from the ‘concrete mixture. 1.2 This tex method is suitable for use only when tests of the mortar fraction will provide the information required. 1.3 This tex method may also be applied to prepared ‘mortars and grouts.. ILA This test method is applicable under controlled Tabora- tory conditions. as well as under ficld conditions. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in, each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining ‘values from the two systems may result in non-conformance ‘with the standard, 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establisit appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior 10 use 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards.* C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- regates C143/CL43M Test Method for Slump of Hydrauli Conerete C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Conerete ‘Cement "This tt method is andr the jusdcion of ASTM Commitee C19) on Concrete and Concrete Agreptoand the det responsi of Subommnis (C023 on Chemical Adare ‘Cura edtcn approved Ost. 1.2016. Published Yanuary 2017. Origioally approved i 19ST Lint previous eon approved in 2008 se Cs03VCADSMEOK DOL 10.5201C0403.COMOSAI-I6, 2 For referenced ASTM stundais vst the ASTM website, wi atm. og. oF comuict ASTM Cistomer Serie at svicePasmarg. For Anna Book of ASTI Stenande vl inrmation ef thesia Docent Samy page the ASTM watt, wing the designation inte the year rinparenthoesndcatesthe yar of ln capa eappovel chyasencierof the US. Deparment of Defense (C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Conerete by the Volumetric Method (C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory (C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con- crete by the Pressure Method (670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials (C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro- ‘grim to Determine the Provision of Test Methods for struction Materials DISSB Test Method for Moisture Content Penetration Resis- tance Relationships of Fine-Grained Soils ie Test Sieve Cloth and Test pecification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom= ‘lers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—Defintions are given in Terminology jummary of Test Method 4.1 A mortar sample is obtained by sieving a representative sample of fresh concrete, The mortar is placed in a container and stored ata specified ambient temperature. Atregular time intervals, the resistance of the mortar to penetration by stan- dard needles is measured, From a plot of penetration resistance versus elapsed time, the times of initial and final setting are determined. 5. Significance and Use 5.1 Since the setting of concrete is a gradual proces, any. definition of time of setting must necessarily be arbitrary. In this test method, the times required for the mortar to reach, specified values of resistance to penetration are used to define times of setting. 5.2 This test method can be used to determine the effects of variables, such as water content: brand, type and amount of cementitious material; or admixtures, upon the time of setting Coys ASM epee Weds WISE D2) y [et ier HSE Lone A bet prune Age Nv eens(fy caoarcaoam—16 of conerete. This test method may also be used to determine compliance with specified time-of-setting requirements. 53 This tes method may alvo be applied to prepared ‘mortars and grouts. However, when the setting time of conerete is desired, the test shall be performed on mortar sieved from the concrete mixture and not on a prepared mortar intended to simulate the mortar fraction ofthe concrete: ithas been shown thatthe intial and final setting times may be inereased when using the prepared mortar, 6. Apparatus. 6.1 Containers for Mortar Specimens —The containers shall be rigid, watertight, nonabsorptive. free of oil or grease, and either cylindrical or rectangular in cross section. Mortar surface area shall be provided for ten undisturbed readings of penetration resistance in accordance with clear disance re {quirements specified in Procedure, The lateral dimension shall be at least 6 in. [150 mm} and the height at least 6 i mm 6.2 Penetration Needies—Needles shall be provided which can be attached to the Toading apparatus and which have the following bearing areas: 1, V4, Yo, Yoo, and Yan in 1648, 323, 161, 65, 32, and 16 mm*]. Bach needle shank shall be scribed eiscurnferentally ata distance 1 in. [25 ram] from the beating area, The length ofthe Yo in. [16-mm"| needle shall bbe not more than 3¥4 in, 190 gal Loading Apparatus—A device shall be provided 10 ‘measure the force required to cause penetration of the needles. ‘The device shall be capable of measuring the penetration forve with an accuracy of 2 Ibf [10 N] and shall havea capacity of at Teast 130 1b 1600 NI. [Nort 1— Suitable loading apparatus can be ofthe spring easion type as described in Test Method DISSS, or of oter types ith calibrated force measuring device, sich as an electronic load cell or «hydraulic pressure 64 Tamping Rod—The tamping red shall be a round, straight, steel rod % in. [16 mm] in diameter and approxi ‘mately 24 in. (600 mm} in length, having the tamping end or both ends roundad to a hemispherical tip, the diameter of which is % in, [16 mma. (6.5 Pipet—A pipet or other suitable instrument shall be used for drawing off bleed water from the surface of the tes specimen. 66 Thermomerer—The thermometer shall be capable of ‘measuring the temperature of the fresh mortar to 1 °F [20.5 °C]. ASTM liguid-in-glass thermometers having a temperature range from 0 (0 120°F [-20 to $0 °C}, and conforming to the requirements of Thermometer OTF (or 97C) as prescribed in Specification E2251 are satisfactory. Other then the required accuracy. including the metal immersion type, are acceptable, ometers of Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units 7.1 Fortests under field conditions, prepare three specimens from each sample of concrete. ‘Copyrihc oy AST ot alight reseed Wed Jl 140 Downloads IsEDT2021 > 7.2 For tests under laboratory conditions, the requi depend upon the purpose ofthe tests 7.2.1 For testing fo prove compliance of material with performance requirements, make al least three separate co crete batches for each variable under investigation. Perfcrm ‘one time of setting test on each batch, Make an equal number ff hatches for each variable on any one day. When it is ‘impossible to perform at least one test foreach variable on any ‘one day, mix the entire series of batches in as few days as possible, and repeat one ofthe mixtures each day as a standard Tor comparison. 7.2.2 For other tests, prepare three test specimens from one batch of concrete for each test variable. 73 Recont the time at which initial contact was made between cement and mixing water. 7.4 For tests under field conditions, obtain a representative ‘sample ofthe fresh conerete in accordance with Practice C172. For tests under laboratory conditions, make the concrete in accordance with Practice C192/C192M. Determine and record the slump (Test Method Cl43/CL3M) and air content (Test ‘Method C1731C173M or C231) of the fresh concrete. 7.5 From the concrete not used in the slump and air content tests, seleet a representative portion of sulficient volume to provide enough mortar to fill he test container, or containers, to a depth of at least 5/2 in, [140 mm}. 7.6 Using the procedure in Practice C172, obtain a mortar sample by wet-sieving the selected portion of concrete through 4.75.mm sieve! and onto a nonabsorptive surfa 7.7 Thoroughly remix the mortar by hand methods on the nonabworptive surface. Measure and record the temperature af the mortar. Place the mortar in the container, of containers using a single layer. Consolidate the mortar to eliminate air pockets inthe specimen and level the top surface. This may be accomplished by rocking the container back and forth on a solid surface, by tapping the sides of the container withthe tamping rod, by rodding the mortar. or by placing the container on a vibrating table (see Note 2). If rodding is used, rod the ‘mortar with the hemispherical end ofthe tamping tod. Rod the ‘mortar once for each 1 in [645 mm’ | of top surface area of| te specimen and distribute the suokes unifomly over the cross section of the specimen. ler completion othe rodding, {ap the sides of the containers lightly with the Lamping rod to close voids let by the tamping rod and to further level the surface of the specimen. Upon completion of specimen preparation, the mortar surface shall beat least in. [10 mas] below the top edge of the container to provide space Tor the callection and removal of bleed water and to avoid contact between the mortar surface and the proteetive covering spesi- tied in Section & Nove 2—Sieved mortars generally of lid ensitency and air pockets ae readily removed by the lined consolidation metho. The wer should {exercise jnlgment in the selection ofthe consoldation met. Rocking {he container a tpping of the sides should be suficent or Mid mortars Rodding or using @ vibrating able may be desirable for stifer mortars, When uiing a vraing ble use low-simplitude vibration s tha portions Deterrent fr thse ae sen in Sesion [Lesa Alpha Loto QHSE (Loner Alps Labs pasainto License Agreement No futher redo uteriAy caosre: ofthe sample ae mi ted rom he container 8. Conditioning 8.1 For tests under laboratery conditions, the storage tem ‘perature for specimens shall be within the ange 68 77°F [20 to 25 °C), or as specified by the user. As store the specimens 3s, oF a8 specified by the user. Shield the specimens from digeet sunlight 8.3 Measure and recotd the ambient air temperature atthe start and finish of the test. To prevent excessive evaporation of | moisture, Keep the specimens covered with a suitable material such as damp burlap or a tight-fitting, water-impermeable cover for the duration of the test, except when bleed water is ‘being removed or penetration tests are being made. 9, Procedure 9.1 Jus prior to making a penetration test, remove bleed \water from the surface of the mortar specimens by means of & pipet or suitable instrument. To facilitate collection of bleed ‘Water, till the specimen carefully to an angle of about 10° from, the horizontal by placing a block under one side 2 min prior to removal of the water 9.2 Inset a needle of appropriate size, depending upon the degree of setting of the mortar, in the penetration resistance apparatus and bring the bearing surface of the needle into, ‘contact with the mottar surface. Gradually and uniformly apply vertical foree downward on the apparatus until the needle penetrates the mortar toa depth of 1 Ye in. [25 * 2mm}, as indicated by the seribe mark (Note 4), The time required 10 penetrate to the I-in. [25-mm] depth shall be 10 = 2s. Record the force required to produce the I-in,[25-mmi] penetration and, the time of application, measured as elapsed time after initial contact of cement and water. Calculate the penetration resis tance by dividing the recorded force by the bearing area ofthe needle, and record the penetration resistance, In subsequent penetration tests take care to avoid areas where the mortar has been disturbed by previous fests. The clear distance between needle impressions shall be at east wo diameters of the needle being used, but no less than 1 in, [15 mm], The lear distance Detween any needle impression and the side of the container shall be atleast | in. [25 mm|, but not more than 2in. [SO mm}, as depicted in Fig. |. Name 3~Foraeylindeical comtainer with the smallest allowable outer diameter of 6 in, the operator can resomably expect to achieve approx ‘mately eight ponetations before impinging upon previous ps “This hac om using nodes ofthe Tolls safc areas 115, (25m 2 [500m] Nom: 1—Darkcdored ateas define whete needle penetration: ate perminad, FIG. 1 Top View of Mortar Test Specimen Copyright ASTM Lt eight resredh: Wee MA DS2SEDT2021 ‘awn prine bs 403M - 16 2 YlOL2@ Yiol2SL.2 © Yo[L3I.and | @ 40 [0.6] in? fe ‘Nom 4—To facilitate determination of when the reguited penetration has boon attained a sting marker may Be atached to the needle shat. For example. a pape clipor mashing ape may be placed onthe shat ‘hat comeies wih the scribe mark. The marker should no nterere with the penetration othe needle ito the mora. The poston of the mrker shouldbe checked prior to making a penetration (9.3 For conventional conerete mixtures at laboratory tem- peratures of 68 1077 °F [20t0 25 °C, make the initial test alter an elapsed time of 3 t04 hatter initial contact between cement and water, Subsequent tests should be made at to I-h intervals. For concrete mixtures containing aecelerators, or at temperatures higher than Laboratory, its advisable to make the initial testafter an elapsed time of 1 to2 hand subsequent tests at /-h intervals, For conerete mixtures containing retrders, or at temperatures lower than laboratory. the initial test may be deferred until an elapsed time of 4 10 6 h. In all eases, time intervals between subsequent tests may be adjusted ay necessary. depending upon the rate of setting, to obtain the required number of penetrations. ‘94 Make at least six penetrations for each time-of-seting test, with time intervals of such duration as to provide a ‘sisfactory curve of penetration resistance versus elapsed time (Noce 5). Continue texing until one at Teast. penetration resistance reading equals or exceeds 4000 psi [27.6 MPal Nom: 5—A satifadory cue is ome which represent the overall ‘development of pene resistance and inclines pots before a alee into improve the accuracy ofthe rogited ing mistures, tow points are esl a Premature penetration esi wil rex than the initial seting time. This may th estimated setting timeby biasing the bes fit line when regression analysis used to analyze the penetration resistance dt interpolation, For nomnal 9.5 Plotting Test Results—One of the following alternative procedures may be used to plot the test results and oblain times of setting (Note 6). Appendix X1 illustrates the application of these procedures. None 6—The plat of pensirain resisance venus elapsed ime provides infermation on the rte of eting. The pt may be use to sleet the time for subsequent penetration tessa it can assist in emiying Spurious test results. Thetefre, its recommended that he data be poted sSthey ae being accumulsted. 9.5.1 Use the following ploting procedure to determine the times of setting by hand-fiting a smooth curve through the ‘data, Prepare a graph of penetration resistance, asthe ordinate, versus elapsed time, asthe abscissa, using a scale such that 00 psi [3.5 MPa] and | are each represented by a distance of at least in. [15 mm}. Plot the values of penetration resistance as «function of elansed time, 95.2 Use the following plotting procedure to determine the ‘times of setting by linear regression analysis ofthe logarithms of the data by using a suitable calculator. Using log-log graph paper, prepare a graph of penewation resiance. as the ‘ordinate, versus elapsed time in minutes, as the abscissa, The limits of penetration resistance on the ordinate should extend {rom 10 psi [0.1 MPa] to 10000 psi [100 MPa}, and the Limits of elapsed time on the abscissa should extend from 100 1000, ‘min, If low setting mixtures are used, the time Timits may have Linear Alp Labersor QHSE (Lonestar Alp abort) parant tol icere Aseemer No eer reaction aieAf caosicaosm - 16 to be 100 to 10000 min. Plot the values of penetration ‘resistance as. function of elapsed time (Note 5) ‘0.5.3 Use the following procedure if a computer is used to plot test results and obi the times of setting by regression ‘analysis of the data, As the test results are obtained, enter the time and penetration resistance into the computer and plot the penetration resistance as the endinate and the elapsed time as the abscissa, For software that permits only linear regression analysis, conven the data by taking their logarithms. The ‘converted data will be fitted by a stright line! (see Eq 1): Log(PR) = 0-6 Loe() 0 ‘The data do not have to be converted ifthe software permits direct fiuing of a power function: PR e “where: and = regresion constants 9.54 The procedures in 9.5.2 and 9.5.3 assume thatthe data ‘obey (Eq. 1) or (Eq 2). Very that the data obey one of these ‘relationships, Ifthe correlation coefficient for the regression analysis, after removal of outliers (see Note 7), is less than 0.98, use the procedure in 9.5.1 10, Caleulation 10.1 For each variable under investigation, separately plot the results of three or more time-of-setting tests. For each plot prepared according to 9.5.1, hand fit smooth curve to the data points. For each plot prepared according to 95.2 or 9.5.3, use the method of least squares to obtain the constants of the best-fit relationship given by (Eq 1) or (Eq 2), whichever is applicable. Disregard data points that are obvious outliers from the trend defined by the rest of the points (Note 7) Nome 7—Ontirs may occur because a factors sch interferences due othe larger particles in the mortar. presence of lage voids within the pPenetation zane intervenes fromthe Inypresions crete by aljacnt ‘Penetrations; faire msntsin the imstrumentperpeice othe test Sisface during penetration; entre in reading the loud variations im the penetraten depths or variations in rte of loaling. Fadgement of the ‘perate regret identify those points Ua su! no be nced in te daa analysis 10.2 For each plot, determine the times of initial and final setting a the times when the penetration resistance equals 500 psi [3.5 MPa] and 4000 psi [27.6 MPa], respectively. For plots, ‘made according to 9.5.1, determine times of setting by visual inspection of the drawn curves. For plots made according to 9.5.2 oF 9.5.3, determine the times of setting by interpola using the best-fit regression equation. Record the times of setting in hours and minutes to the nearest $ min, 103 For each variable under investigation, caleulate the times of initial and final setting as the average values of the *Popovies. 8. 1971. “Physkal Aspe of the Seting of Portnd Cement concrete" ral of Matra IMLS, Vo. 6,8, 1, March, pp. 150-162, {Copyih by ASTM In lg serve; Wes ul 1480252ISEDT 2021 Dovinlcodedented by individual test resulls. Record the average times in hours and ‘minutes tothe nearest 5 min, IL, Report 11.1 Data on Conerete Misture—Report the following in- formation on the concrete mixture: 11.1.1 Brand and type of cementitious materials, amounts (mass) of cementitious materials, fine aggregate and coarse faggregute per cubic yard [per cubic metre] of concrete ‘nominal maximum agerepate size, and water-cement or waler- ‘cementitious material ratio, 11.1.2 The mame, type, and amount of admixture(s) used, 1113 Air content of fresh concrete and method of determination, 11.1.4 Slump of eonerete, 11.1.5 Temperature of mortar after sieving, 11.1.6 Record of ambient temperature during the test period, and 11.1.7 Date of tes 11.2 Time of Setting Resulis—Repos the folowi tion on the Lime of setting tess 11.2.1 A plot of penetration resistance versus elapsed time for cach time of seting tes, 11.2.2 The times of initial and final setting for each tes, reported in hours and minutes to the nearest minute, and 11.2.3 The average times of initial and final setting for each nforma- test condition, reported in hours and minutes to the nearest 5 12. Precision and Bias 121 Precision: Theaverage time onal setting ws from 25040 470 min, ad the range ‘ofthe average ine of fnl sting was rom 31040580 min, Two replicate ‘determinations were made by each operator on specimens made eomeach ‘minture. Setting mes ere determined by regres snalysis a Ue seribed in X15. Data were obiined using apparatus desenbed by the inch pound version ofthis test metho. 12.1.1 Single-Operator Precision—The single-operator co- c’fficients of variation are shown in Table I. The results of two properly conlucted (ests by the same operator on the same ‘material are not expected to differ by moze than the values shown in the third column of Table 1, as a percentage of their average. For three test determinations on the same bateh, the range (difference between highest and lowest) of the results TABLE 1 Singlo-Operator Precision ' Tse sme Sfo-Gpoiar ein ‘noe claire CRESTS oatmenTwo py “Those numbers represent (25) ils as desorbed Prato COTO. SCaleated as dase nth section "Accapnble Renge Among Rests of Practice C370. ‘Lonstir Alps Laberataey QHSE (Lanes Ap Lshiraey) panto cme Agra No athe epedcton aie(fp caosrcaosm - 16 ‘obtained by the same operator are not expected to exceed the values shown in the fourth column of Table I. asa percentage of their average, [Non 9—The secoptable range of thre determinations shown in Table 1 does not apply to thwe determinations from sepurte Bache of 8 12.1.2 Mulilaboratory Precision—The multilaboratory co- cflicients of variation are shown in Table 2. The results of peily-conducted tes by two different laboratories on specimens from a single batch of concrete are not expected 10 differ by more than the values shown in the third column of fable 2, expressed as a percentage of their average. The averages of three test results by two different laboratories obtained on specimens from a single bateh of the same ‘concrete are not expected to differ by more than the values in the fourth column of Table 2 Bias—The bias of this test method innot be deter- TABLE 2 ultlavoratory Precision ‘cee seopaie nce times — Mutboutoy —_ Steen eteen Siig Gute! aaveariao | ateaget Tr 7 wr 7 “These umber opasente 2s) ils as deseeain Prac OFT Gacued aa desciped Inthe satin “eat east avetage of MBE 13, Keywords 13.1 concrete; mortar: penetration resistance; time of final setting; time of initial setting ned because times of setting can be defined only in terms of the test method, APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) Nd. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. X1.1 The penetration resistance (PR) and the elapsed time (0) data in Table X1.1 will be used to illustrate the procedures for determining times of seting XI2 Hand Fit—Fig. X11 is a plot of the penesration resistance venus elapsed time values in Table XU.1. The smooth curve was drawn by-hand using a flexible drawing ‘curve, The curve was drawn s0 as to achieve the visual best-fit to the data. Note thatthe penetration resistance at an elapsed time of 335 min is an obvious outlier, and this point was disregarded in drawing the best-fit curve. Horizontal lines are drawn at penetration resistance values of $00 and 4X0 psi, The intersections of the horizontal lines with the curve define the {mes of intial and final setting, which inthis case are 289 min and 389 min, respectively. X13 Regression Analysis: TABLE X1.1 Penetration Resistance ye Baced Tore Poncraton Ressiance (A pa “HOEK TTE Loge Load aap 000688 (Copyeishby ASM alight reserved: Wel HO2S21SEDE IRN Dowland “Lexar Alpi Labor QHSE dons Alpha Loa) pun icense Agreeneat 5000. Penetration Resistance, psi Initial Setting 330 360 390 420 240 270 300 0. 160 210 Elapsed Time, min FIG. X1.1 Plot of Penetration Resistance Values Versus Elapsed ‘Time and Hand Fit Curve Used to Determine Time of Setting Note: Not drawnto actual scale) X13.1 Fig. X1.2 is a log-log plot of the penetration resis. tanee versus elapsed time values, The plot shows that, with the exception of the outlier, there is approximately a straight line relationship between the logarithms of penetration resistance and lapsed time. The straight Tine is obtained by Tincar fre eptions aor(fly caosicaosm - 16 3 8 Penetration Resistance, psi 10 Elapsed Time, min FIG, X1.2 Log-Log Plot Showing Straight Line to Determine Times of Setting by Using Regression Analysis Fourth columns of Table Log) 458.01) Loa PR) = nol 1 = 0p =287 min, cect resistor, ak X13 For ie of tinal setting, subst the value 400) lapsed time fore ‘The correlation cocficient is 0.999, and itis, therefore, Lechahaled hatchet acceptable to une near repression analysis ogi) = MOOD HIM SEI aye y XI32 To olWsin the times of sting, the equation is sewten a Pee therefore Lepr 14196 1 = 107%°=389 min, L(y) = SI on [X13 Fortime of inital setting, subsite the value 500 for PR: SUMMARY OF CHANGES ‘Committe CO9 has ide (C403/C803M - 08, that may i 1d the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue pact the use of this est method. (Approved October 1, 2016.) ‘Section 12, Precision and Bias, was replacedin is "y Donnas pty “ee ‘er i abu QHSE LnstaApaLtey puna cs Ag No ue patos auburidfly caosicaosm - 16 ASTM international takes no positon respecting the valatyof any patent rights assert in connection wit any tem mentioned Jini standard, Users ofthis standard are expressly advised that determination of the validly of any such patent nights, and the risk (of infengement of such gh, are entirely their awn responsi. This standard i subject ta revision at any ime by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and ‘tot revised, othe reapproved or wihawn. Your comments are ited either for revision af this standard o for additonal stancaras ‘and shoutd be adressod fo ASTM Intemational Hoadiquarors. 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