SUMMARY DURING THE DISCUSSION OF HON. JUDGE LORETO S. ALOG Jr.

1. What are the order in which the individual witness be

examined.?

Direct Examination - process of adducing evidence from witnesses ,

leading and misleading questions are prohibited.
Cross Examination- the purpose is to test the reliability of evidence
presented by the witnesses of the offended party, it often consists of
leading questions.
Re-direct Examination- purpose is to restore what has been damaged
during the conduct of cross examination.
Re-cross Examination- the adverse party may re-cross examined the
witness on matters stated in his re-direct examination.

2. What are the levels courts?

Municipal trial court- (1 town only)
Municipal Circuit Trial Court - (two or more towns)
Metropolitan - in metro manila
Municipal Trial Court in Cities - has jurisdiction in some cities or larger
towns that has civil or criminal cases.
- these courts has the jurisdiction in cases wherein the imposable
penalties are not exceeding six (6) years or a fine of 4,000 below.

Regional Trial Court- has jurisdiction over criminal cases where the
imposable penalty of imprisonment is over 6 years or a fine of more than
4,000 pesos.
-all drug cases regardless the no. Of years of imprisonment.
-environmental crimes

SANDIGANBAYAN- has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving

wrong practices commited by public officials.
3. kinds of evidence
-object evidence
-documentary evidence
-testimonial evidence - applying 5 senses.

4. How is Judgement promugated?

- it is done by reading the judgement in the presence of the accused.

5. Two (2) things to be made when the accused is absent during

promulgation of judgement..

- record the judgement in criminal docket and;

-by sending him a copy of his last known address.

6. is judgement becomes final in promulgation of judgement?

- No, because it becomes final only if the reglamentary period of 15 days

to appeal lapsed.

7. Difference between the Judge and prosecutor.

Judge - Under the Judicial branch and can decide if he issue a warrant of
arrest or not.
Prosecutor - under executive branch.

8. how jurisdiction over a person is done?

- by serving a warrant of arrest or through voluntary surrender.

PCpl Alfie O. Vinluan