SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Time – 25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special
directions for each type.

Structure
Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence, you will see
four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that
best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and
fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample Answer
The president ______ the election by a landslide.
(A) Won
(B) He won
(C) Yesterday
(D) Fortunately

The sentence should read, the president won the election by a landslide. Therefore, you
should choose answer (A)
1. _____________ by placing a numerator
over a dominator, fractions represent
the parts between whole numbers on the
number line.
(A) Formed
(B) They are formed
(C) The form
(D) They form
2. _________ of covering the mouth
during a yawn developed as a measure
to keep life from escaping through the
mouth.
(A) They custom
(B) It was customary
(C) Customarily
(D) It accustomed
3. ________ to see children vaccinated
against rotavirus since it leads to nearly
900,000 deaths annually.
(A) Some scientists would like
(B) Hoping
(C) Scientists hoping
(D) For some scientists
4. At the Circus World Museum in
Baraboo, Wisconsin __________ of
circus items from the past and present.
(A) a collection is
(B) a collection
(C) is a collection
(D) to collect
5. Due to the technology of vulcanization,
the sneaker, ________, was invented
and so called because of its quiet
football.
(A) Is useful
(B) Is used as an athletic shoe
(C) A rubber-soled athletic shoe
(D) A shoe is made for athletes
6. Outdoor climbers have to lug
equipment into the wilderness and hook
it up before ________ to scale the rock.
(A) finally beginning
(B) begin the final
(C) the final beginning
(D) finally begun
7. Biologists _________ what happens to
healthy plant and animal life when a
river becomes choked with nitrogen and
phosphorus.
(A) Who are concerned about
(B) Are concerned about it
(C) The concern about it
(D) They are concerned about
8. Using Robot Super Achilles, a
driverless submersible, ________ can
photograph shipwrecks up to 2,000 feet
deep, and they can also deploy
parachutes to bring artifacts up to the
surface.
(A) For archeologists to be underwater
(B) Underwater archeologists
(C) Archeologists are underwater
(D) With archeologists underwater
9. According to documented research,
________ each other and willing to help
each other, the crime rate is lower.
(A) trusting neighbors
(B) wherever neighbors trust
(C) the trust of neighbors for
(D) neighborhood trust
10. Elliptical galaxies are more oval and
compact than ________.
(A) With spiral galaxies
(B) are spiral
(C) are spiral galaxies
(D) to spiral
11. __________ the developer of the
modern safety mechanisms in the
elevators, allowed himself to be sent up
in an elevator and to have the cable cut
to demonstrate the effectiveness of his
emergency braking system.
 (A) Elisha Otis was
(B) It was Elisha Otis who was
(C) Elisha Otis, who was
(D) Elisha Otis, whose
12. One of the most important ways in
which the body _______ to produce
energy.
(A) uses food
(B) uses food is
(C) the use of food is
(D) is the use of food
13. Articulatory phonetics involves the
study of ________ are produced,
described, and classified according to
their properties.
(A) phones
(B) how phones
(C) how phones which
(D) how phones that
14. Of the 80 million aspirin tablets taken
daily by Americans, somewhere
between 30 and 50 percent ________ as
preventive medicine for cardiac disease.
(A) are taken
(B) to take
(C) they are taken
(D) taken
15. Neither _________ nor can sport sailors
get an accurate reading on compasses
near Split Rock because of the iron ore
in Lake Superior.
(A) merchant sailors can
(B) merchant sailors
(C) merchant sailors do
(D) can merchant sailors
 Written Expression
Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence, you will see
four words or phrases, marked Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Directions: In these questions, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined
word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter
of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following example.
Example I
The four string on a violin are turned in fifths
A B C D
The sentence should read, “The four strings on a violin are turned in fifths.” Therefore, you
should choose answer (B)

16. What once concerned a few obsessed enthusiasts has became the norm for an increasing
A B C
number of drivers, who realize that periodic detailing protects the value of their
D
automobiles.

17. A calf can refer to a baby cow, hippo, antelope, or whales.

A B C D
18. Alaska, which is the largest state in the state in the United States, has more than 20,000
A
square miles of inland water, which amounts to more water than seven of the states fifty
B C D
have.

19. Kauai, the wettest of the Hawaiian Islands, boast an annual rainfall of 480 inches.
A B C D
20. World’s youngest chess champion is Garry Kasparov, who won in 1985 at the age of 22.
A B C D

21. Although chromium prevents rusting in steel, it would make the alloy more brittle when it
A B C D
is added.
22. One ladybug can eat as much as 50 aphids in a day.
A B C D
23. Pasteurized milk is much safer than untreated milk because they do not contain harmful
A B C D
Bacteria.

24. The catalytic converter ensures that nearly all the harmful hydrocarbon emissions from a
A B
car is processed before being released as exhaust.
C D
25. The Sydney Opera House, finished 1973, sits on the water’s edge and resembles a ship with
A B C
billowing sails.
D
26. In 1934, bank robber Charles “Pretty Boy” Floyd shot to death at a farm in East Liverpool,
A B C D
Ohio.

27. Although some species of birds lay eggs on bare rocks, most of they prepare a nest in which
A B C D
to lay their eggs.

28. As an increasing number of Americans take pets with them when they travel, directories
A
for pet-friendliness hotels and activities have become popular.
B C D
29. Educators and others say that chess teaches a growing and maturing children discipline,
A B
logic and the analytical skills crucial in today’s world.
C D
30. The first bread was probably done in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East from wild
A
grasses long before wheat was even cultivated.
B C D
31. Deep beneath the Nevada desert is aquifers containing enough fresh water to make the arid
A B C
land bloom.
D
32. A well-trained falsetto voice stands in the same relationship to a tenor voice as the recorder
A B C
and the flute.
D
33. A person with normal color vision can, regardless of how pale the colors may be,
A
distinguishing among more than 100 different hues of color.
B C D
34. Any one of a number of widely disturbing lizards characterized by long, shiny bodies,
A B C
smooth scales, and short legs can be referred to as skins.
D
35. The first doctor who recognized as the father in modern medicine was the Greek physician
A
Hippocrates, who is thought to have lived from 460 to 370 B.C.
B C D
36. Whether neutrinos contain mass or are massless, particles is something that still puzzle
A B C D
physicists.

37. Brands were first registered about 1850 as a legal record of cattle ownership county
A B C
recorders so that ranchers had some defense against cattle rustlers.
D
38. The San Diego Wild Animal Park’s horticultural department has successfully cultivated
A B
aloes, cycads, euphorbias, cactus, and tree ferns.
C D
39. By sensitively registering light from stars and galaxies too faint to be seen by other
A
telescopes, the Hale’s 200-inch mirror illuminated vast regions of a universe, to which
B C
humans previously had been blind.
D
40. The invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 had led to the development of the microchip
A B
and advent of the computer age.
C D