1

THE DYNAMICS OF FINANCIAL OPERATION OF

BOARDING HOUSES IN MAASIN CITY

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy
Saint Joseph College
Maasin City

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy

By
Anna Mae S. Bagay
Jane M. Bermiso
Marjorie V. Cuizon
Charmine P. Felicilda
Ronalyn P. Gomez
Jude Marie B. Lampong
Angie E. Tabinas

January 2023
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APPROVAL SHEET

This research study entitled “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of Boarding

Houses in Maasin City” submitted by Anna Mae S. Bagay, Jane S. Bermiso, Marjorie V.

Cuizon, Charmine P. Felicilda, Ronalyn P. Gomez, Jude Marie B. Lampong, and Angie

E. Tabinas in partial fulfilment for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN

ACCOUNTANCY has been examined and accepted for FINAL ORAL PRESENTATION.

Research Committee

JHONEL M. AÑAVESA, Ph. D.

Research Instructor

MELODINA L. DELA CRUZ Ed.D

Chairperson

LORELIE E. DORIAS, DBA TRISTAN JUN G. ESCLAMADO, CPA, MBA

Member (Censor) Member (Form and Content)

MELCHOR S. OBLIGADO, CPA IVAN JAKE C. GONZALES, CPA

Member (Methods and Statistics) Member (Form and Content)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their deepest gratitude to all the people who

helped, who have shared efforts and knowledge in order to make this research a reality.

Thank you to all the participants of the study for generously offering your time.

To our research adviser, Dr. Jhonel M. Añavesa, thank you so much for the

inspiration, encouragement and thoughtful guidance. His energy, vision and moral character

have really motivated us. For his unwavering support in our accounting research journey, for

his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and vast knowledge. Working and learning under his

direction was a great honor and privilege. Additionally, we would like to thank him for his

friendship, compassion, and amazing sense of humor.

To the researchers loving parents, for their encouragement, financial and moral

support as well as their spiritual support in every path the researchers take

And of course, to Almighty God, for giving the wisdom, strength, support and

knowledge in exploring things, for the help and guidance in overcoming all the trials that

we’ve encountered and for giving determination to pursue our study and to make this study

possible.
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DEDICATION

This research is dedicated to all the members of group 3 for their sacrifices and

cooperation.

To the researchers beloved family, who have been the source of inspiration and strengths

especially when they thought of giving up, who continually provide moral, spiritual, emotional

and financial support.

To our mentor, friends and classmates who shared their words of advice and

encouragement to finish this study.

And lastly, we dedicated this study to Almighty God, for His unending guidance,

knowledge and wisdom.

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ABSTRACT
The study was formulated with a focus on the survey of the boarding houses in

Maasin City. This study involved 93 respondents. The boarding house owners were surveyed

along five areas namely the profile of the boarding house, status, income profile, expenditure

and respondents view of the boarding house. This study was conducted using a survey

questionnaire that was given to the owners of boarding houses around Maasin City,

specifically in barangays that are located near schools and colleges. The researcher used a

descriptive design, and the data were subjected to descriptive statistics. The results revealed

that most boarding houses are located in Barangay Tagnipa; moreover, most boarding houses

are at least 1 kilometer from the school and have been operating for at least 5 years. The

owners' capitalization has invested 45,000 and above, where its average monthly income is

20,000 and below. It has 20 and below occupants, 5–6 is present among its amenities and

facilities, mostly the physical condition of the building is concrete, and it has a monthly rental

rate of 1,100–1,500. The basis of rental computation is maintenance costs; other sources of

income come from abroad, pensions, and none. The expenditure profile of the boarding

houses in terms of fixed costs is 5,000 and below, variable costs are 6,000 to 10,000, and total

costs are 10,000 to 20,000. In the respondents' view, in terms of carrying capacity or

occupancy, amenities and facilities present and the physical condition of the building were

good.

It is concluded that most of the boarding houses in Maasin City have the same range
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of monthly rates, even if they are made of concrete, semi-concrete, or light materials.

Moreover, in order to secure the privacy of the boarding house owners and compliance with

basic housing standards, it is also advised that the local government unit and the school do

frequent financial operations monitoring of boarding houses.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet 2
Acknowledgement 3
Dedication 4

Abstract 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Figures 8

Chapter 1
1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 9
Statement of the Problem 11
Significance of the Study 12
Scope and Delimitation 13
Definition of Terms 14
Conceptual Framework 15

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Theories 18
Related Concepts and Laws 21
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Related Studies 24
Synthesis and Gaps 29

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 33
Research Environment 33
Research Respondents and Sampling Techniques 34
Data Collection Methods 35
Research Instruments 35
Data Analysis Methods and Techniques 36
Data Gathering Procedures 37
Ethical Considerations 38

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Profile of the Boarding House 40
Status of Boarding House 45
Income Profile of Boarding House 47
Expenditure Profile of Boarding House 50

Respondent’s View of Boarding House Rental Rate 54

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary and Conclusion 57
Recommendation 59

BIBLIOGRAPHY 61

APPENDICES
Appendix A. Letters 65
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Appendix B. Questionnaires 72
Appendix C. Curriculum Vitae 75
Appendix D. Accounting Research Journey 83
Appendix E. Documentations 85

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. IPO Model of the Study, “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of Boarding
Houses in Maasin City”
Figure 2. Map of City Southern Leyte
Figure 3. Geographic Location
Figure 4. Distance of the Boarding House from School
Figure 5. Years of Operation
Figure 6. Capitalization
Figure 7. Average Monthly Income
Figure 8. Carrying/occupancy capacity (Number of Boarders)
Figure 9. Amenities/Facilities Present
Figure 10. Physical Condition of Building
Figure 11. Monthly Rental Rate
Figure 12. Basis of Rental Computation
Figure 13. Other Source of Income
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Figure 14. Fixed Cost

Figure 15. Variable Cost
Figure 16. Total Cost
Figure 17. Carrying/Occupancy Capacity
Figure 18. Amenities/Facilities Present
Figure 19. Physical Condition Building

Chapter Ⅰ
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In a simplest description, a boarding house is a small accommodation shelter that

typically offers a sleeping premises. Commonly, it is a room that is shared by occupants and

sometimes known as a room open for a bed spacer. This type of shelter serves as a temporary

residence for students and workers that come from distant places in order to save time and

money. Boarding houses operate on a rental basis that will collect a typically monthly basis for

the accommodation according to European Commission, Rental and operating of own or leased

real estate.

Students and workers who occupy the boarding houses are refer as a boarders or tenants

who will share with the amenities like bathroom, kitchen, laundry and living/common area in the

facility. Boarding houses plays a crucial role in the society for they represent an inexpensive

alternative to a home (Jenn Briggs, 2010). As it aims to provide affordable low-cost shared

housing accommodation for individuals looking to save money and don't require a lot of living

space. (Department of Human Services, 2003, Boarding Houses: the sector, its clientele and its

future)
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According to Lamudi a real estate platform, with the increase of demand of the boarding

houses, the property investors find it as an attractive real estate investment. Many ventures go

into boarding houses. Thus, in operating boarding houses it is important to know the financial

operation and how does it work. Financial operations as defined by britannica.com, are closely

involved with financial planning and control activities of the firm.

In foreign country, like Australia's biggest cities is driving investment a new generation

of boarding houses because of the demand for more affordable housing and the demand of

students from nearby university of New South Wales. The number of development application

for boarding houses and student accommodation has surged in the past three years, more than

doubled from 27 in 2017 to 65 in 2018, and doubled again to 131 applications in 2019, Cordell

connects data shows. (Ingrid Fuary-Wagner, 2020) source: Financial Review NSW Government.

In Canada, the municipality of Leamington contains one of the largest greenhouse populations

and the growth of this type of agriculture has resulted in an increased need for year-round

temporary foreign workers. Thus, increase the demand for affordable housing like boarding

houses. (Jones Constructing Group Ltd., 2018).

In the Philippines setting, according to the Philippine Property Network, 2020, as more

Filipino flock to cities to be closer to work, school, or find opportunities, demand for decent and

affordable dwelling places has also grown. The establishments of boarding house were

proliferated across strategic areas due to rising demand. This includes locations close to schools

and universities, large construction sites, public transport hubs, and high-density commercial

districts of the city.

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At present, in the Maasin City, Southern Leyte the demand for boarding houses rapidly

increases due to the reopening of face-to-face classes. There are lot of students who need a

dwelling place. However, there are some cases where the monthly rental fees or price charged by

the owners of boarding houses was not properly aligned with the facilities or accommodation

being offered. There are additional charges for extra appliances like rice cooker, fan, laptop

which is most commonly used by boarders especially students. Some boarding houses

experience poor amenities such no stable water supply, proper sanitation, safety exit in case of

emergencies and danger.

The researchers believed that the conduct of this study is essential and significant in order

to shed light on the status on financial operation including prevailing issues of boarding houses

in Maasin City Southern, Leyte. In this research, financial operation refers to the cash inflows

and cash outflows of the entity. This research will study the income approach and the

expenditure approach of boarding houses. It is believed that the results of this study might help

the local government unit to implement policies and ordinances that will enhance and solve

issues on housing and boarding house operation.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the dynamics of financial operation of the boarding houses in

Maasin City.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the boarding house, in terms of:

1.1 Geographic location;

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1.2 Number of years in the business;

1.3 Capitalization requirements;

1.4 Average monthly income?

2. What is the status of boarding houses in terms of:

2.1 Carrying/ occupancy capacity;

2.2 Amenities/facilities present;

2.3 Physical condition of the building?

3. What is the income profile of boarding houses in terms of:

3.1 Monthly rate/rental;

3.2 Basis of computation of rate/rental;

3.3 Other sources of income for its maintenance?

4. What is the expenditure profile of boarding houses in terms of:

4.1 Fixed costs;

4.2 Variable costs;

4.3 Total costs?

5. What do respondents think about the current boarding house rental rate in comparison to the

following?

5.1 Carrying/occupancy capacity;

5.2 Amenities/facilities present;

5.3 Physical condition of the building?

Significance of the Study

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This study aims to describe the Financial Operation of the Boarding Houses as it can benefit

the following:

Boarding House Owners - The owners will be able to cope with the financial operation of

the boarding houses with the help of this research's assistance in identifying ways to increase

their business efficiency.

Caretakers - The purpose of the study is to identify the condition of the beds, comfort

rooms, billings as well as they can efficiently manage the whole operation of the boarding house.

Boarders – this study will help the boarders to assess that the payment they pays will get the

service it deserves or they paid a worth it and comfortable place.

Potential Boarding House Operators - If they prefer to create and develop their own

version of the boarding house management system it serves as their guide to how properly

manage the Financial Operation. They can utilize the study as a reference.

Local Government Unit - This study will assist the local government in formulating an

ordinance that benefit the boarders as well as the owners.

Future Researchers - this study can give them idea on expanding the topic outside the

limited scope.

Scope and Delimitation

This study mainly focuses on the financial operation of the boarding houses. The

researchers designed and developed an assessment form that consolidate the process of

operating the boarding house. This only covered the financial operations to mainly identify

the cash inflows and income profile to the operation and at the same time the expenditure

profile.
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The focus of the study concentrates on and give deeper insight into financial processes,

with the goal of determining whether doing so will actively engage boarders in managing their

finances. The respondents of the study are boarding house owners and caretakers through

survey questionnaires. The study is limited only for the boarding houses in Maasin

Poblacion, which consist of four Barangays namely: Abgao, Combado, Tagnipa, and Tunga-

tunga excluding barangays Mambajao and Mantahan.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding and interpretation of this study, the following terms are defined

operationally.

Amenities - refer to things that a boarding house offers, such as rooms, beds, comfort

rooms, and kitchen facilities.

Boarding House - is a place with multiple rooms or bed available for rent.

Capitalization Requirement - an amount of money that a boarding house needs in order to

operate.

Carrying Capacity - the maximum number of people that the boarding house can

accommodate.

Cash Inflows - it is money or the equivalent value that the business receives, usually in

exchange for providing a good or service or through investing capital.

Cash outflows - refer to all expenses paid out by a business.

Dynamics - is marked by usually continuous and productive activity or change.

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Expenditure profile - refers to the expenses incurred of the business.

Financial Operation - refers to the cash inflows and outflows of the boarding houses.

Fixed costs - it is a constant costs/expenses.

Geographic Location - refers to the place where the boarding house is located.

Income profile - this refers to how much the business makes, and other sources of income

of boarding houses owners.

Maasin Poblacion- this refers to the four barangays of the city namely Abgao, Combado,

Tagnipa and Tunga-tunga.

Maintenance - refers to financial support provided to maintain the place in good condition.

Operation - refer to the functions that govern how the caretakers run their boarding houses.

Rental Fees - it refers to the amount paid by a tenant as rent on monthly basis.

Revenue - money received from operating the business.

Tenants/Boarders - a person who occupies the property rented from a landlord.

Conceptual Framework

A considerable number of students coming to the school of Maasin has driven an increasing

demand of boarding houses resulted to an increase monthly rental fee. In order to assess the
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dynamics of financial operations of boarding houses, this study aims to design a system that

manages the revenue and expenses of the boarding houses.

Input Process Output

A. Profiling the Boarding A. Collecting data of
Houses boarding houses; owners
and its location
B. Knowing the Physical Status
of Boarding Houses B. Conducting surveys and Described the
administering of dynamics of financial
C. Determining the Income questionnaires operation of boarding
Profile of Boarding Houses
houses using income
D. Recognizing the Income and C. Tabulation of responses and expenditures
Expenditure Profile of the
profiling.
Boarding House
D. Analysis and
interpretation of data
E. Boarders responds about
Current Boarding Houses
Rental Rate Feedback
Figure 1. IPO Model of the Study, “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of
Boarding Houses in Maasin City”

The input of this research includes the raw data needed in conducting the study. In order to

get a sufficient data result, the researchers conducted a survey about the profile of boarding

houses, its geographic location, its number of years in the business, its capitalization

requirements in building the establishment, the owners average monthly income. After that, the

researchers gave the participant or research informant a questionnaire about the status of

boarding houses in terms of: carrying/occupancy capacity, amenities/facilities presents and

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physical condition of the building. The researcher also asked “What is the income profile of

boarding houses in terms of: monthly rate/rental, basis of computation of rate/rental and other

sources of income for its maintenance. And the researchers studied the recognition expenditure

profile of boarding houses in terms of: fixed costs; variable costs and total costs. The researchers

also conducted a survey on what do respondents think about the current boarding house rental

rate in comparison to the following: carrying/occupancy capacity, amenities/facilities present and

physical condition of the building.

On collecting data of boarding houses owners and its location, the researchers conducted

surveys and administered questionnaires, tabulation of responses, and analysis and

interpretation of data. This research process gives the researchers a challenging experience into

engaging or conducting surveys with the research respondents or informant.

The result of this research expected to give a sufficient data output, that helps the

researchers on effectively describing the dynamics of financial operation of boarding houses of

Maasin City. As well as researchers can efficiently recognized the income and expenditure

profile that the boarding houses used in doing business.

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Chapter Ⅱ
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents related theories, related concepts, laws, and studies relevant to

understanding financial operation of boarding houses. This also presents the synthesis and gaps

of the related literatures. The strategy used for researching information on this research involved

the use of current review journals and seminal works on the concept of operation of boarding

houses. Online searches were also conducted through Google scholar and online posted shared

PDF that are related to financial operation on boarding houses.

Related Theories

Utility Theory

Choosing a place to dwell in takes a consideration what to consider. In this research these

are the following theories that the researcher will use as a guide. Consumer behavior towards a

particular item can be analyzed through the theoretical value (utility theory), which discusses the

pleasure obtained satisfaction or a person from consuming goods (Sukirno, 2003). There are

basically two approaches used to explain consumer behavior, which is marginal utility approach

and indifference approach. Marginal utility approach starts on the supposition that means that

every consumer satisfaction can be measured by money or other units. With the theory of this

approach consumers always try to achieve the maximum total satisfaction. While this
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indifference approach, the approach that requires the belief that customer satisfaction can be

measured by making a choice.

Choice Theory

Choice theory (theory of choice) in economics begins by describing preference

(choice) of a person. Choice theory is the interrelationships between preference (choice) and a

variety of obstacles that cause a person to determine his choices. Preferences include options

from the simple to the complex, to show how anyone can feel or enjoy everything done. But

everyone is not free to do anything you want and they are constrained by time, income and many

other factors in determining his choice.

While there have been many new apartments, units and houses built in Brisbane and

elsewhere, much of this accommodation is priced far too high (Yates, 2001: 491). Housing

affordability becomes an issue for many when there is this mismatch between peoples’ incomes

and the ‘asking price’ for housing (rentals and purchasing).

Market Segmentation Theory

The market segmentation theory allows the financial operation to incorporate the depth of

the market into the understanding of the term structure of market instruments. The advantage of

this theory is it can easily explain while the yield curve slopes upwards most of the time, but

does not say anything about why rates move up or down simultaneously across the maturity

scale, that can be used as a basis for pricing.

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In finance, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used to determine a theoretically

appropriate required rate of return of an asset, if that asset is to be added to an already well-

diversified portfolio, given that asset's non-diversifiable risk.

Net Income Theory

Another theory that relates to financial operation of boarding houses is the, Net Income

(NI) theory. It was introduced by David Durand. According to this approach, the capital structure

decision is relevant to the valuation of the firm. This means that a change in the financial

leverage will automatically lead to a corresponding change in the overall cost of capital as well

as the total value of the firm. According to NI approach, if the financial leverage increases, the

weighted average cost of capital decreases and the value of the firm and the market price of the

equity shares increases. Similarly, if the financial leverage decreases, the weighted average cost

of capital increases and the value of the firm and the market price of the equity shares decreases.

Assumptions of NI approach: there are no taxes, the cost of debt is less than the cost of equity

and the use of debt does not change the risk perception of the investors.

Adaptive Markets Hypothesis

The Adaptive Markets Hypothesis recognizes that sub-optimal behavior is going to

happen when there is heuristics out of the environmental context for which they emerged. Even

when an economic behavior appears extremely irrational, it may still have an adaptive

explanation. Such behavior isn’t “irrational,” but “maladaptive”. Every consumer behavior

adapts to new environments both in the short term as well as across evolutionary time, and not

always in financially beneficial ways.

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Financial behavior that may seem irrational now is behavior that has not had sufficient

time to adapt to the context. Economic expansions and contractions are the consequences of

individuals and institutions adapting to changing financial environments, and bubbles and

crashes are the result when the change occurs too quickly. In this research the researcher will use

the theories and related studies on describing the dynamics of financial operation of boarding

houses that was used by the caretakers and owners.

Related Concepts and Laws

Boarding Houses

The phenomenon of boarding house came into prominence is a response to conditions of

rising real estate prices and housing shortages in the United States in the 1830’s to 1840’s. (The

Physiology of New York Boarding Houses, pg xi). In 1842, the poet Walt Whitman referred to

Americans as “a boarding people.” New York city was the “capital” of boarding houses at that

time, and Whitman noted that fully 75% of Manhattan’s adult population either had lived or were

currently living in boarding houses. In Boston in the 1830’s, between 33% to 50% of the city’s

entire population lived in boarding houses. In San Francisco 100 years ago, five-sixths of hotel

dwellers were either working class or poor, and a passable room might cost 35 cents a night ($8

in today’s currency).

In the year 1930’s and 1940’s, getting into the boarding houses had been taken for

granted as a respectable place for students, single workers, immigrants, and newlywed. However,
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at 1950’s the housing boom as the students and workers were beginning to be used to move in

boarding houses. Given the fact that every business has their own way on putting up a strategy to

get customers to earn profit. Knowing and providing the needs and wants will help the business

to build a customer relationship. Boarding house owners and tenants face many challenges. The

profitability of the business for the owners and affordability for the tenants are important issues.

Rachmawati (2013) states that the students allowance and significant negative effect,

rental rates and facilities offered boarding positive and significant effect, on student preferences

in choosing a boarding house. Research by Muliana and Kustiwan (2011) concluded that the

distribution pattern of location of residence students who live away from the family is

concentrated closer to the campus area. This is because the main priority in the choice of location

of residence by students who live away from the family is a short distance from the campus.

Location of residence is a factor that affects the characteristics of student travel.

Dual Aspect Concept

According to this concept, every business transaction involves two aspects, namely, for

every receiving of benefit and there is a corresponding giving of benefit. The dual aspect concept

is the basis of the double entry book keeping. Accordingly for every debit there is an equal and

corresponding credit.

Cost Concept
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This concept is based on "Going Concern Concept." Cost Concept implies that assets

acquired are recorded in the accounting books at the cost or price paid to acquire it. And this cost

is the basis for subsequent accounting for the asset. For accounting purposes, the market value of

assets is not taken into account either for valuation or charging depreciation of such assets. Cost

Concept has the advantage of bringing objectivity in the preparation and presentation of financial

statements. In the absence of cost concept, figures shown in accounting records would be

subjective and questionable. But due to inflationary tendencies, the preparation of financial

statements on the basis of cost concept has become irrelevant for judging the true financial

position of the business.

Matching Concept

Matching Concept is closely related to accounting period concept. The chief aim of the

business concern is to ascertain the profit periodically. To measure the profit for a particular

period it is essential to match accurately the costs associated with the revenue. Thus, matching of

costs and revenues related to a particular period is called as Matching Concept. (A Textbook of

Financial Cost and Management Accounting)

Laws and Ordinances

In Philippines there is Republic Act No. 9653 “An Act Establishing Reforms in the

Regulation of Rent of Certain Residential Units, Providing the Mechanisms Therefor and For
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Other Purposes”. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representative of the Philippines in

Congress assembled. The act is also known as the “Rent Control Act of 2009”.

According to this act, the state shall continue to protect housing tenants in the lower

income brackets and other beneficiaries from unreasonable rent increases. The Republic Act

imposed limit on increases in rent. Provided, that boarding houses, dormitories, rooms and

bedspaces offered for rent to students, no increase in rental more than once per year shall be

allowed. Moreover, this Act granted the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council

(HUDCC) the authority to continue the regulation of the rental of certain residential units, to

determine the period of regulation and its subsequent extensions if warranted, to determine the

residential units covered and to adjust the allowable limit on rental increases per annum, taking

into consideration, among others, National Statistics Office (NSO) census on rental units,

prevailing rental rates, the monthly inflation rate on rentals of the immediately preceding year,

and rental price index.

In Bago City, Philippines, they have an Ordinance No. 13‐08 or also known as The Bago

City Ordinance on Boarding Houses and Dormitories. It is an ordinance regulating the

establishment and operation of boarding houses and dormitories in the City of Bago, prescribing

penalties for violations thereof, and for other purposes. This ordinance will ensure that boarder

living in boarding houses and dormitories within the scope of the City have sufficient and decent

living quarters that are healthful and sanitary, have facilities conducive to their studies, rest and

other pursuits, and free from pernicious influences that may endanger their physical, social,

psychological, and moral development. (Republic of the Philippines, City of Bago, Office of the

Sangguniang Panlungsod).
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Related Studies

According to the descriptive study in 2019 by Ms. Ana Helena R. Lovitos, the following

are the student-boarders’ preferences based on the identified indicators namely: a] safety (they

require proper waste disposal to avoid flooding and diseases); b] location (accessibility to

transportation); c] security (regular check of electrical connections to avoid blaze incidents); d]

amenities (sufficient and safe water supply); e] contract (house rules which foster silence,

sanitation, and order); f] type of abode (convenient room temperature); g] recreation (for games

such as basketball, badminton and the other outdoor activities); and h] rental fee (Php500

monthly). The results of her study support the concept of Leung (2015) in exploring the quality

of living conditions of college student-boarders where Leung (2015) established a positive

correlation between the quality of life and the comfort, convenience and visual appeal of houses.

The investigation yielded results which are in consonance with Thomas (2008) principle that

boarding places afford the opportunity to forge lifelong friendships and camaraderie between and

among board mates.

In compliance to the basic ordinances on boarding house operations, it is hereby

recommended that owners must be closely monitored and evaluated based on their planning and

implementation of the rules set in view of the following areas: safety within the vicinity or

immediate environment; convenient location and accessible to transportation; security for all the

occupants at all times; provisions for basic amenities such as clean and adequate water supply

and proper waste management; comprehensive contract to be discussed prior to entry/signing;

comfortable and durable type of abode; basic outdoor or recreational facilities; affordable and
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reasonable monthly rental fee; and exhaust all means to promote quality internal and external

living conditions. Consequently, temporary shelters might continue to be non-complaisant. With

inadequate ordinances or policies on boarding house management, running this kind of business

may be discouraging. It implies that relationships among operators, managers and renters may be

tarnished. Needless to say, the foundation for a stable and progressive community may also be

affected.

The study of Fernando et.al. (2016), states that there is no significant relationship

between the respondent’s extent of perception on the safety and security of the boarding houses

or dormitories they are renting and their age and/or gender; however, the respondents’ combined

family monthly income shows a low correlation with the respondents’ extent of perception on the

safety and security of the boarding houses and dormitories they are renting. It implies that the

respondents’ combined family monthly income slightly affects how the respondents prefer the

safety and security of the boarding houses or dormitories they are renting. Furthermore, it

implies that the higher the combined family monthly income the respondents have, the more

he/she will prefer a safer and more secured boarding house or dormitory stated in the study.

Living in a boarding house or dormitories will improve the sociability of the students.

Especially for freshmen, living in a boarding house helps students meet new people and make

friends with other students they might not have otherwise met. Boarding houses are usually

diverse, multicultural, permitting a wide range of friendships to develop, the big numbers of

students will make friends with a wider variety of people than they would otherwise. Instead of

focusing only on students who share the same schedule or classes, those who live in the college

boarding house make friends with students with diverse academic interests and ethnic
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backgrounds, a1nd lastly living away from home increases leadership and interpersonal skills,

and cultural awareness (De Larrosa ,2000).

According to Valderama (2013), the boarding houses nearby State Universities were

assessed along with four areas namely basic amenities, safety and security, special services, and

other boarders’ concerns.

The study of Sagarino, Brilliantes, Perez, and Aga (2011) student boarders reveal that the

stay of student in a boarding house/dormitory has recognized their boarding houses/dormitories

possessing good features, especially on basic housing facilities.

Based on the researcher, Baby S. Abagon (2021) there are factors affecting the students

who live in the boarding houses/dormitories towards their academic performance related to their

financial; personal and boarding house security and the gender of the individual affects the

performances of the students who live in the boarding house or dormitories.

According to the study of Paulino P. Reyes II (2014), the problems of the student

boarders were generally moderately serious. Having no abode policies, rules and regulations, and

contracts executed between the landlady/landlord and the boarders, and common bath and

comfort rooms were very serious problems identified.

The study of Fariz Fathullah Afma, Raden Aswin Rahadi, Lidia Mayangsari (2019),

concludes that there are several factors affecting students’ preference for choosing boarding

house. These factors are condensed into six major factors, these are: the price; location; facility;

security; environment & neighborhood; and building condition.

 28

According to D Oktavallyan, D Seftyarizki, F Wardhani (2021), health factor of the

building design takes a place for students’ comfort. Most of students’ boarding houses have a

good natural light, so thus artificial lighting during the day is not necessary. Some problem of

natural light found is the glare, and in some case, rooms do not get natural lighting. Ventilation is

the biggest problem for students’ boarding houses. Even though most of the student does not find

their room not comfortable in term of ventilation, but most habit such as frequent use of

mechanical ventilation because hot feeling reason, is mostly found. The environment also

another good aspect for students’ boarding houses indicated by clean environmental conditions,

good water quality, and not noisy. But, some of boarding houses are still lacking in greeneries.

As stated in the project study of Emma Greenhalgh, Anne Miller, John Minnery, Nicole

Gurran, Keith Jacobs and Peter Phibbs (2004), there are a number of broad assumptions about

the boarding house industry including the impact of increased regulations on supply, the viability

of the industry and the true nature of increased insurance premiums and the impact this may have

on the industry. Secondly, there are many reasons for decline, ranging from urban land use

pressure to taxation. However, many of these issues are not based on rigorous research rather

assumptions and speculation. Third, the boarding house sector is experiencing immense changes.

Proprietors who were running a family business are now becoming too old to continue and it

remains to be seen whether their children will continue. Also, the resident profile of boarding

houses is changing from single, older men to including more women, younger people and people

from non-English speaking backgrounds. Boarding houses accommodation needs to be seen as a

loss of ‘home’ for many residents. The major issue facing boarding house operators is the

dilemma of continuing to run a marginal business or to sell the property to realize substantial

capital gains. There is no one issue contributing to boarding house decline. The industry is faced
 29

a range of challenges and these factors cannot be considered in isolation. There is a need to

determine whether current strategies developed by government are able to reduce decline, and

where possible, encourage the development of new stock. At present, the combination of

increasing land values, rising insurance premiums, increased regulation and factors affecting the

viability of business make the redevelopment or conversion of boarding houses an attractive

option.

According to a journal as part of thesis research with the title "The Boarding Houses

Concept Based on Preferences (Case Study: Middle Up Class Students in the Education Area of

Surabaya City)", some boarding house preferences can be used in the design of boarding house

development. Preferences related to the design of boarding house development are factors

of safety, location, facilities, environment and service. From the security factor can be developed

boarding houses equipped with CCTV and have a low and tenuous fence. From the location

factor, boarding houses are developed at locations less than 1 km from the campus area and have

a front road between 3-5 meters wide where 2 cars can pass intersections. From the facilities

factor, the house developed must have a janitor every day; silent dormitory acoustic conditions

that support learning and resting activities; have a limited car park so some tenants can park their

cars; boarding house with AC and TV electronic facilities; boarding houses are also equipped

with in-room bathrooms; equipment in the form of mattresses, study tables, chairs, cabinets, wifi;

communal facilities in the form of a living room and kitchen; the theme of minimalist design and

room size. Regarding environmental factors, boarding houses developed are in formal residential

areas. Regarding the service factor, a boarding house without an owne/guard who also lives in a

boarding house; boarding houses are equipped with water pumps and separate electricity systems

per room.
 30

Synthesis and Gaps

Problem in financial condition of boarding houses with regards to their quality of living

conditions availed from higher rental and generating revenues have been escalating and getting

worse through the years.

Regarding how financial conditions is related to the financial feasibility of boarding

houses, several authors and studies have reached different conclusions. According to Ms. Ana

Helena R. Lovitos (2019), the following are the preferences of the student-boarders based on the

identified indicators: a] safety (they require proper waste disposal to avoid flooding and

diseases); b] location (accessibility to transportation); c] security (regular check of electrical

connections to avoid fire incidents); d] amenities (sufficient and safe water supply); e] contract

(house rules that foster silence, sanitation, and order); f] type (Php500 monthly).The findings of

her study lend credence to Leung's (2015) exploration of the standard of living for college

boarders, in which Leung established a positive relationship between the standard of living and

the comfort, practicality, and aesthetic appeal of homes. It is hereby advised that owners be

closely monitored and evaluated based on their planning and implementation of the rules set in

view of the following areas: safety within the vicinity or immediate environment; convenient

location and access to transportation; security for all occupants at all times; provisions for basic

amenities such as clean and adequate water supply and proper waste management:

comprehensive contract to be discussed before entry/signing, a comfortable and long-lasting type

of housing, minimal outdoor or recreational amenities, an affordable and reasonable monthly

 31

rental fee, and the use of all available resources to promote high standards of internal and

external living conditions are all requirements.

Other authors, however, disagreed with such studies. The Fernando et al. study

According to (2016), there is no significant correlation between a respondent's level of

perception of the safety and security of the boarding houses or dorms they are renting and their

age or gender. However, a low correlation is found between a respondent's level of perception

and the combined family monthly income of their household. It suggests that the respondents'

preference for the safety and security of the boarding homes or dorms they are renting is

somewhat influenced by the total family income of the respondents.

Additionally, it suggests that respondents preferred and favored a safer and more secure

boarding home or dormitory, as mentioned in the study, the higher their combined family income

is each month. The pupils' social skills will improve if they live in boarding houses or dorms.

Living in a boarding home enables students to socialize with others they might not have

otherwise encountered, especially freshmen.

Valderama (2013) states that the boarding homes close to State Universities were

evaluated in four areas: basic amenities, safety and security, special services, and other boarders'

concerns. According to the study by Sagarino, Brilliantes, Perez, and Aga (2011), student

boarders have recognized that their dorms and boarding homes have good qualities, particularly

when it comes to basic living amenities.

Limited research offers assessment of boarding houses, especially in terms of

management, very limited prior research has been conducted on the dynamics of financial

operations to describe the nature and perspective of the business. Theories relating to consumer
 32

behavior was generalized, it was not really pertaining to prospect boarding house tenants. There

are theories that allows the financial operation to incorporate the depth of the market into the

understanding of the term structure, however it was not clearly classified nor pertains to boarding

houses. There are concepts, laws and ordinances however there is no strong implementation of it.

Most of the related studies are conducted in foreign countries, limited on some region in the

Philippines and their respondents or population are mostly the boarders not the owners. The

researcher observed that the variables and conditions from the previous studies are mostly the

same, thus another area of boarding house operation are not given attention that’s why the

researcher conclude that further research is required or needed. Within Region 8, the researchers

noticed there is no conducted study about boarding houses. With the prevailing issues on demand

and rental fees of boarding houses on Maasin City, Southern Leyte the researchers believed that

the conduct of this study is essential and significant in order to shed light on the status on

financial operation of boarding houses.

 33

Chapter Ⅲ
METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides an explanation of the research methodology of the study. It

describes and expounds the research design, research environment, research respondents and

sampling technique, data collection methods, research instruments, data analysis methods and

techniques, data gathering procedure, and ethical consideration.

Research Design

Research design defined as a plan, a roadmap and blueprint strategy of investigation

conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions, in short, it is the heart of any study

(Kothari, 2004).

The researchers used quantitative method with qualitative support to back-up

information, consisting of questions associated with the study. To be specific, this study used
 34

quantitative survey descriptive design in identifying and describing the dynamics of the financial

operation of the boarding houses in Poblacion, Maasin City.

Research Environment

This study conducted in the selected barangay of Poblacion, Maasin City, Southern

Leyte, namely barangay Abgao, Combado, Tagnipa and Tunga-Tunga.

Maasin is a coastal component city in the province of Southern Leyte. It serves as the

provincial capital that has 70 barangays. It is located on the western part of the province with

land area of 82 sq. miles which constitutes 11.75% of Southern Leyte's total area.

Figure 2. Map of Maasin City Southern Leyte

 35

Research Respondents and Sampling Technique

The respondents in this study were taken from the 122 total boarding houses from the

four selected barangays in Poblacion, Maasin City. There are 19 boarding houses in barangay

Abgao, 20 in barangay Combado, 47 in barangay Tagnipa and 36 in Tunga-Tunga. A 93 total

samples as respondents was determined using Slovin’s formula.

In choosing the barangays, the researchers used a simple random sampling in identifying

the 93 respondents.

Data Collection Methods

The data were collected through the conduct of survey. The survey has questions

regarding the cash inflows and outflows of the boarding houses in Poblacion, Maasin City. With

the survey method, data were properly collected from very large samples at a relatively low cost.

Each survey data collection method has advantages and disadvantages and every researcher

prefers to obtain real data from the target population.

An oral interview was administered in order to come up with various opinions as well as

different perspectives on the issue being tackled. Questions relating to the problems associated

with the study were asked to the respondents.

Research Instruments
 36

The study a research questionnaire for the survey in gathering the necessary information.

The research questionnaire is composed of five (5) parts. The first part covers the profile of the

boarding houses in terms of, a. geographic location, b. number of years in the business, c.

capitalization requirements, and d. average monthly income. The second part covers the status of

boarding houses in terms of; a. carrying/ occupancy capacity, b. amenities/facilities present, c.

physical condition of the building. The third part is composed of income profile of boarding

houses in terms of; a. monthly rate/rental, b. basis of computation of rate/rental, c. other sources

of income for its maintenance. The fourth part covers the expenditure profile of boarding houses

in terms of fixed cost, variable costs and total costs. The last part of research questionnaire

covers the respondents thought or view about the current boarding house rental rate in

comparison to the following; a. carrying/ occupancy capacity, b. amenities/facilities present, c.

physical condition of the building.

The questionnaire comprised questions and consisted of both closed and open-ended

questions. This made it possible for the researchers to compile factual data and provided

understanding of the respondent's frame of reference and potential motivations for their

responses.

Data Analysis Methods and Techniques

The data gathered were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tools in order to give

meaningful interpretation of the results and findings of the study. In this study, the quantitative

method was applied. Due to the nature of the study, the researcher opted to conduct quantitative

analysis utilizing descriptive statistics to analyze the data that was gathered because this method
 37

is more appropriate and provides correct data that allow us to make the best conclusions. Further,

the researcher used descriptive statistics in facilitating data visualization to analyze continuous

and categorical data. The data were presented in form of frequencies and percentages. It enables

the meaningful and understandable presentation of data, which in turn enables a faster

interpretation of the relevant data set.

In a dataset, descriptive statistics were used to highlight potential relationships between

variables and were provided basic information about the variables. The information gathered

from the owners of boarding houses through closed-ended questionnaires examined in

accordance with the relevant area. Descriptive statistics summarized and organized the

characteristics of a data set. A data set is a collection of responses or observations from a sample

or entire population (Pritha Bhandari, 2020).

The researcher used frequency table in analyzing and sorting the data from survey

questionnaire. The frequency of a given data value in the dataset is the number of times it

appears. These tables aid in the understanding of the frequent and uncommon data values. These

tables arranged the data and provided a clear approach to communicate the findings to others.

Because it makes possible to comprehend the distribution of values in the dataset, frequency

distributions were also useful tools on analyzing and sorting data.

Treatment of Data

The data gathered in this research were summarized, analyzed and presented based the

formulated research problems. The following were used in this study:

1. Charts were used to easily understand the results of the data gathered.
 38

2. Tables were used to present the survey results specially the demographic profile.

Data Gathering Procedures

In order to obtain accurate and real data from the target population, the researchers

conducted the data gathering procedures. The first step that the researchers did were giving a

letter addressed to the City Mayor that asking for a list and permission to conduct research on

boarding houses within the city. After the letter approved by the mayor with his signed, the

researchers gave the letter to the Punong Barangays in Abgao, Combado, Tagnipa and Tunga-

tunga. After being approved and signed by the Punong Barangays, the researchers asked for

permission to the respondents to take part with our research.

Answering of Survey Questionnaire. The respondents were informed of the terms and

purpose of the study, then asked to sign the informed consent. The researchers also explained the

rights of the respondents including the right to access of information and the right to withdraw at

any point. The questionnaires distributed and been collected immediately after.

Ethical Considerations

In administering the research study, there were different ethical considerations

considered. Ethical considerations are a series of guidelines researchers should follow when

conducting research into behavior. To ensure safe and secure environment for the respondents to

be protected from psychological/physical/emotional harm. (Studysmarter.us)

 39

The quantitative research aims to determine the dynamics of financial operations of

boarding houses in Poblacion, Maasin City, Southern Leyte. The ethical consideration

maintained during the conduct of the study includes informed consent. Respondents were

informed of the nature of the questions, how the data will be used, and what (if any)

consequences there could be. The informed consent process can be seen as the contract between

researcher and the respondents. Confidentiality was also considered in this research. It is

important that the identity of respondents is kept confidential or anonymous and the assurances

extend beyond protecting their names to also include the avoidance of using self-identifying

statements and information.

Another important and significant ethical consideration adopted in the research is the risk

of harm. The research design needs to consider the potential of harm to the respondents, the

researcher, the wider community, and the institution. The harm can range from physical,

resource loss (including time), emotional, and reputational. The researchers made sure to

mitigate harm in the conduct of this study.

 40

Chapter Ⅳ

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 41

This chapter contains detailed presentation and discussion of data analysis and the results

of this study. The results presented are representative of the collective views of the research

respondents that are obtained through survey questionnaire.

Percentage (%)
44.09
45
Ⅰ. Profile of the40Boarding House
35

A. Geographic
30 Location 26.88
25
20 16.13
12.9
15
10
5
0
Brgy. Abgao Brgy. Combado Brgy. Tagnipa Brgy. Tunga-tunga
Geographic Location

Figure 3: Geographic Location

Figure 3 shows the geographic location wherein 41 or 44.09 percent of the

respondents were from Barangay Tagnipa, 25 or 26.88 percent of the respondents were

from Barangay Tunga-tunga, 15 or 16.13 percent of the respondents were from Barangay

Combado, while 12 or 12.90 percent of the respondents were from Barangay Abgao.

The findings also shows that 44 out of 93 or 44.09% of boarding houses are found

in brgy. Tagnipa. Followed by brgy. Tunga - tunga wherein, 25 out of 93 or 26.88%. This

means that most of boarding houses are situated near the school premises, the Saint
 42

Joseph College. Wherein brgy. Tagnipa and brgy. Tunga - tunga are the nearest two

brgysPercentage
in the school.
(%)
80 77.42

70

60

50

40

30
18.28
20

10 3.23 1.08
0
1 km & below 2 - 3 km 4 - 5 km 6 km & above
Distance of the Boarding House from School (km)

Figure 4: Distance of the Boarding House from School ( Saint Joseph College)

In addition, the figure 4 shows the distance of the boarding houses from the school,

wherein 72 out of 93 or 77.42 percent of the boarding houses are 1 kilometer and below from the

school, 17 out of 93 or 18.28 percent belong in 2-3 kilometers, 3 out of 93 or 3.23% belongs to

4-5 kilometers and 1 out of 93 or 1.08 percent are from 6 kilometers away from school.

Findings revealed that most boarding houses are located in Barangay Tagnipa,

moreover most boarding houses are 1 kilometer and below distance from the school

because it is more convenient of the student boarders if their boarding house is walking

distance to and from the school, thus boarding house is a great choice of business

investment if your location is near the schools or the city.

 43

B. Years of Operation.

11%

8%
5 years & below
5 - 10 years
57%
25% 11 - 15 years
15 years and above

Figure 5: Years of Operation

Figure 5 shows that 53 or 57% of respondents have operate boarding house

business 5 years and below, another 23 or 25% respondents have 5-10 years of boarding

house operation, also 10 or 11% respondents have operated their boarding house 11-15

years, while 7 or 7 percent of the respondents have operated 15 years and above their

boarding house business.

Finding shows that a big portion of boarding house business operates 5 years and below

wherein, 53 out of 93 or 57% who answered this. Most of them cease their operation due to

pandemic and recently begun operation right after the starting of face-to-face classes resumed on

August 2022. They also said that they only operated because they feel pity to the students who

seeks for a dwelling place.

 44

C. Capitalization

Percentage (%)
60.00
53.76

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00 13.98 Figure

10.756: Capitalization
11.83
9.68
10.00
Figure 6 shows that 13 or 13.98 percent respondents have a boarding house
0.00
11,000 - 24,999

25,000 - 34,999

35,000 - 44,999

45,000 & above

10,000 & below

capitalization of ₱10,000 and below; another 11 or 10.75 percent respondents have

boarding house capitalization of ₱11,000-24,999, also 11 or 11.83 percent respondents

Capitalization
have a boarding house capitalization of ₱25,999-34,999; while, 9 or 9.68 percent

respondents have a boarding house capitalization of ₱35,999-49,999 and 50 or 53.76

percent respondents have invested ₱45,000 and above.

The data entails that the capitalization of starting a boarding house business is costly; it

costs a hundred thousand, and some owners invest millions. Infact the findings shows that there

are 50 out of 93 or 53.76% respondents answered ₱45,000 and above. However, there are some

boarding house owners has less capitalization due to inheritance of the property.
 45

D. Average Monthly Income

Percentage Figure
(%) 7: Average Monthly Income
70.00 66.67
Figure 7 shows that 62 or 66.67 percent of the respondents have an average
60.00

monthly income of 50.00

₱20,000 below; another 24 or 25.81 percent of the respondents have a
40.00
monthly income of ₱21,000- 40,000, also 5 or 5.38 percent of the respondents has a monthly
30.00 25.81

income of 41,000-60,000;
20.00 while, 2 or 2.15 percent of the respondents have a monthly income of
5.38
₱61,000-70,000. 10.00 2.15 0.00
0.00
21,000 - 40,000

41,000 - 60,000

61,000 - 70,000

71,000 & above

20,000 & below

From the findings, it shows that there are 62 out of 93 or 66.67% respondents

answered ₱20,000 and below which also corresponse to the number of occupants that the
Average Monthly Income
boarding house can cater. Which means that average monthly income depends on the

carrying/ occupancy capacity of the boarding house, its maintenance and utility expenses.

The respondents also said that due to some circumstances, their average monthly income

may vary as there are boarders that can’t pay their rent on time.
 46

Ⅱ. Status of Boarding House

A. Carrying/ Occupancy Capacity (Number of Boarders)

Figure 8: Carrying/ Occupancy Capacity (Number of Boarders)

The figure 8 shows that there are 64 or 68.82% boarding houses that can occupy

to 20Percentage
& below number
(%) of boarders, 18 or 19.35% boarding houses can occupy to 21-30

boarders,
60.00 8 or 8.6% boarding houses can occupy to 31-40 boarders, 3 or 3.23 boarding
Percentage (%) 51.61
houses 68.82
can occupy to 41-50 boarders, whereas, there’s no boarding house that can occupy
70.0050.00

to60.00
5140.00
& above number of boarders.
50.00 Findings revealed that 64 out26.88
of 93 or 68.82% respondents answered 20 & below
30.00
40.00 19.35 20 & below
occupants. Which means that majority of boarding houses can only cater
20.00
30.00
number of boarders. 19.35
20.0010.00 2.15
8.60
10.00 0.00 3.23
1- 2 present 3 - 4 present 5 - 6 present 7 -0.00
8 present
Amenities/ Facilities Present
0.00
20 &
B. Amenities/ below
Facilities 21 - 30
Present 31- 40 41 - 50 51 & above
Carrying/ Occupancy Capacity (Number of Boarders)
 47

Figure 9. Amenities/Facilities Present

In a certain boarding houses the amenities and facilities present are: the living

area; laundry area; bathroom; comfort room; comfortable bed; study area; stable water

supply and kitchen appliances.

Figure 9 indicates the presence of 51.61% of 5-6 present amenities and facilities

such as: living area, laundry area, comfort room, bathroom, comfortable bed, and stable

water supply. There are 2.15% of 1-2 amenities present such as comfortable bed and

comfort room. There are 26.88% of 3-4 amenities present such as living area, comfort

room, comfortable bed and stable water supply. And there are 19.35% of 7-8 amenities

present which means all amenities listed are available.

The findings also shows that the majority of boarding houses present only 5-6 amenities. These
are the living area, laundry area, comfort room, comfortable bed, and stable water supply. It is
only few boarding house that offers a kitchen appliances and study area.
 
 48

Light Materials
23%

Concrete
42%

C. Physical Condition of the Building

Semi-Concrete
35%

Figure 10. Physical Condition of Building

Figure 10 shows that there are 35% boarding houses wherein the physical

condition of the building are light materials, the other 23% are semi-concrete, while 42%

are concrete.

Findings show that the greater percentage in terms of the physical condition of the

building is 42% where it is "concrete," and the least percentage is 23% where it is "semi-

concrete." As a result, the majority of building owners used concrete materials to ensure

the longevity of the structure. 

 49

Ⅲ. Income Profile of Boarding Houses

Percentage (%)
A. Monthly Rental Rate
60.00 58.06

50.00

40.00
33.33

30.00

20.00

7.53
10.00
1.08 0.00
0.00
1,000 & below 1,100 - 1,500 1,600 - 2000 2,100 - 2,500 2,600 and above
Monthly Rental Rate

Figure 11. Monthly Rental Rate

The figure shows that 31 out of 93 or 33.33 percent of boarding houses has a

monthly rental of 1,000 & below, 54 out of 93 or 58.06 percent has a monthly rental of

1,100 – 1,500, 7 out of 93 or 7.53 percent has a monthly rental of 1,600 – 2,000, 1 out of

93 or 1.08 percent has a monthly rental of 2,100 – 2,500, and 0 in 2,600 & above.

Findings indicates that most of boarding houses has a monthly rental range from

1,100 to 1,500 wherein 54 out of 93 or 58.06% respondents answered this. These monthly

rentals include the additional charges for the appliances and gadgets. Even though the

physical condition of the buildings varies and its distance, majority of the boarding

houses imposed same monthly rental rates.

B. Basis of Rental Computation

 50

Percentage (%)
40.00 36.56
30.11
30.00
20.00 18.28
10.00 7.53 6.45
3.23
0.00 16%

Historical Cost, Maintenance Cost,

Maintenance Cost and Utility Cost

Maintenance Cost
Historical Cost

Utility Cost

Total Cost
45%

Utility
Additional Charges
Figure 12. Basis of Rental18%
Computation
Sari-Sari Store
Occupation
Others (abroad, pension, none)
The figure shows that 7 out of 93 or 7.53 percent of boarding houses has a basis
Basis of Rental Computation
for rental computation of historical cost, 34 out 93 or 36.56 percent has a basis for rental
20%
computation of maintenance cost, 6 out of 93 or 6.45 percent has a basis for rental

computation of utility cost, 3 out of 93 or 3.23 percent has a basis for rental computation

of total cost, 17 out of 93 or 18.28 percent has a basis for rental computation of historical,

maintenance and utility cost, and 28 out of 93 or 30.11 percent has a basis for rental

computation of maintenance and utility cost.

Findings indicates that most of boarding houses has a basis for their rental

computation of maintenance cost, wherein, 34 out of 93 or 36.56% respondents

answered. Followed by 28 out of 93 or 30.11% respondents answered that their basis are

both maintenance and utility cost. Which means that majority of boarding houses has

already a return on investment. They did not include the historical cost in their

computations.

C. Other Sources of Income

 51

Percentage (%)
50.00

45.00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00 Figure 13. Other Sources of Income

20.00

15.00Figure 13 shows that 15.16% has another source of income from additional
10.00
charges, 17.18% from sari-sari stores, 19.21% from occupation, and 42.45% from others
5.00

such 0.00
as abroad,
5,000 &pension
below and
6,000none.
- 10,000 11,000 - 15,000 16,000 - 20,000 20,000 above
Fixed Cost

Results revealed that majority of other sources of income were from others such

as abroad, pension and none wherein, 42.45% respondents answered. This shows that

most of the owners’ income was purely from the operation of boarding houses and it is

their source for living.

Ⅳ. Expenditure Profile of Boarding Houses

A. Fixed Costs
 52

Percentage (%)
39.78
40.00 Figure 14. Fixed Cost
34.41
35.00
The figure shows that 7 out of 93 or 7.53% of boarding houses fixed cost is
30.00

20,000 & above, 2 out of 93 or 2.15% of the fixed cost is 16,000 – 20,000, 12 out of 93
25.00
19.35
20.00
or 12.90% of the fixed cost is 11,000 – 15,000, 26 out of 93 or 27.96% of the fixed cost is
15.00
6,000 – 10,000,
10.00 and 46 out of 93 or 49.46% of the fixed cost is 5,000 & below.
4.30
5.00 2.15
According to data, the majority of boarding houses fixed cost range from ₱5,000
0.00
5,000 & below 6,000 - 10,000 11,000 - 15,000 16,000 - 20,000 20,000 above
Variable Cost
& below wherein, 46 out of 93 or 49.46% respondents answered. Fixed cost are the

business requirements, permits, taxes and construction materials that are paid within a

month. Findings revealed that few boarding houses are not registered, some of permits

were expired and need to be renewed.

B. Variable Costs
 53

Figure 15. Variable Cost

The figure shows that 4 out 93 or 4.30% of the boarding houses variable cost is

20,000 & above, 2 out of 93 or 2.15% of the variable cost is 16,000 – 20,000, 18 out of

93 or 19.35% of the variable cost is 11,000 – 15,000, 37 of 93 or 39.78% of the variable

Percentage (%)
cost is 6,000 – 10,000, and 32 out44.09
45.00 of 93 or 34.41% of the variable cost is 5,000 & below.
40.00
35.48
Data
35.00 revealed that most of the boarding houses variable cost ranges from ₱5,000
30.00 ( 34.41%) and ₱ 6,000-10,000 (39.78%). Variable Costs are cost that may
& below
25.00
depend on circumstances such as the electricity, water, repair or maintenance cost.
20.00
12.90
Boarding
15.00 houses owners experienced expensive electricity bill and water bill as many of
7.53
10.00
them are categorize as a commercial building which is much higher rate than usuals.
5.00

0.00
1,000 - 10,000 10,001 - 20,000 20,001 - 30,000 30,001 - 40,000
Total Cost

C. Total Cost

Figure 16. Total Cost

The figure shows that 33 out of 93 or 35.48% of the boarding houses total cost is

between 1,000 – 10,000, 41 out of 93 or 44.09% of the total cost is between 10,001 –
 54

20,000, 12 out of 93 or 12.90% of the total cost is between 20,001 – 30,000, and 7 out of

93 or 7.53% of the total cost is between 30,001 – 40,000.

Percentage (%)
Findings indicates that most of the boarding houses has a total cost of 10,001 –
50 46.24
20,000 wherein, 41 out of 93 or 44.09% respondents answered. Total cost is the sum of
45 41.94
40
the boarding house’ fixed cost and variable cost.
35
30
25
20
Ⅴ. Respondent's View on Boarding House Rental Rate in11.83
terms of:
15
10
A. Carrying/ Occupancy Capacity
5 0
0
Very Good Good Fair Poor
Carrying/ Occupancy Capacity

Figure 17. Carrying/ Occupancy Capacity

Figure 17 shows the respondents' view about the carrying occupancy or capacity:

41.94% preferred "very good," 46.24% preferred "good," and 11.83% preferred "fair."

Findings revealed that the respondents view in terms of the carrying and occupancy

capacity as preferably "good," where it is 46.24%. The owners accept boarders that depends only

on the available space in the boarding house.

 55

Percentage (%)
B. Amenities/ Facilities
Percentage (%)Present
60
50 47.31
51.61
50
45
38.71
40
40
35
32.26
30
30
25
20
12.9
20
15 13.98
10
105 1.08
2.15
0
0 Very Good Good Fair Poor
Very Good Amenities/ FacilitiesFair
Good Present Poor
Physical Condition Building
Figure 18. Amenities/ Facilities Present

Figure 18 shows the respondents' view about the amenities and facilities present:

38.71% preferred "very good," 47.31% preferred "good," 12.90% preferred "fair." and 1.08%

preferred "poor".

The result reveals the respondents view in terms of the amenities and facilities

present, it appears that the greater percentage is "good" were 47.31 percent and the least

are in the 1.08 percentage. This means that owners have the majority of the amenities and

facilities of boarding houses that can satisfy the accommodation of their boarders or

tenants.

C. Physical Condition of the Building

 56

Figure 19. Physical condition Building

Figure 19 shows the respondents' views about the physical condition of the

building: 32.26% preferred "very good," 51.61% preferred "good," 13.98% preferred

"fair," and 2.15% preferred "poor."

Findings revealed that the respondents view in terms of the physical condition of the

building preferably in “good” where it is 51.61%. The owners must depend on the condition of

the building.
 57

Chapter Ⅴ

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

Summary and Conclusion

The purpose of this study was to identify the concerns and problems that are

characteristic of boarding houses. This study was conducted in Maasin City, Southern Leyte,

with a total of 93 respondents among the boarding house owners. This paper used a quantitative

method with qualitative support, specifically a descriptive statistical analysis using frequency

and percentages. The researcher used the survey questionnaire in order to determine the

dynamics of the financial operation of boarding houses.

Based on the findings, the researchers concluded the following:

 The majority of the boarding houses are situated in Barangay Tagnipa.

 Most of them are also within one (1) kilometer or less distance from the school, for it is

more convenient for the student boarders to be near the school. 

 The pandemic has caused boarding house services to cease operations. Due to the recent

return of face-to-face classes, the majority of them classify their boarding house

operation as lasting less than five (5) years.

 A small number of the boarding house's rooms are constructed out of light materials, but

the majority are made out of concrete, and some are semi-concrete.

 These boarding houses typically accommodate 20 or fewer residents and provide basic

amenities including a living area, laundry area, bathroom, comfort room, comfortable
 58

bed, and a dependable water supply; however, a study space and cooking appliances are

infrequently provided.

 They all, however, pay the same monthly rental rate, which typically ranges from $1,100

to $1,500 and is primarily determined and based on the cost of maintenance or the

combined maintenance and utility costs.

 These service-based businesses typically need a large amount of cash, typically 45,000

and above. Alternatively, because of its high cost, this industry is difficult to enter.

 Regarding its income, data has shown that the average monthly income of boarding

houses ranges from 20,000 and below, and its total cost, which is made up of its fixed

cost and variable cost, which typically range from less than 5,000 and from 6,000 to

10,000, respectively, most commonly ranges from 10,000 to 20,000.

 While some boarding houses have their own source of income, from their additional fees,

sari-sari stores, and employment, the majority of them rely on the revenue from their

boarding houses. 

 Considering the respondents' point of view regarding its boarding house capacity,

amenities, and physical condition, it can be concluded that it was in good condition.

 According to the findings of the research, the financial operation of the boarding houses

varies depending on their management; some comply with business permits, taxes, and

other requirements and hire bookkeepers. 

 Despite the high initial investment, the amount of revenue generated exceeds the

expenses that will eventually pay off. 

 The research also confirms the findings that running boarding houses is a good venture.
 59

 However, there were areas with the lowest incomes that provided organized facilities but

had the same monthly rental rates as other boarding houses with unfavorable facilities.

 Perhaps few boarding houses charged rental fees that did not correspond to the

accommodations provided and demanded additional fees for cooking appliances and

other items. 

 Moreover, rental fees are essentially the same regardless of their distance from school.

 Another essential point is the compliance of permits and clearances increased the

expenditure of the boarding houses, thus, greatly affects its flow of financial operation.

 In fact, the dynamics of the boarding houses' financial operation depend on the monthly

rental fee, expenses, and number of boarders they can accommodate.

Recommendations

1. Owners should provide boarders with adequate receipts for the payment of rent.

2. For the owner and the boarders, separate meters for electricity and water must be

installed.

3. Boarding house owners should comply with all the basic and necessary requirements,

such as permits and clearances.

4. Local Government Unit (LGU) needs to create and enforce rules and regulations that

boarding houses must abide.

5. Local Government Unit (LGU) must have regular monitoring and evaluation of

boarding houses especially in compliance of permits and licences.

 60

6. Formulation and execution of MOA between the school and the LGU in accrediting

boarding houses.

7. We recommend that future researchers use boarders as their respondents in their

studies on this topic.

 61

Bibliography

Journals

Abagon, B. s. (2021). Teacher Education Students Living in Boarding. American Journal of

Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 75-82. Retrieved from

https://www.ajhssr.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/J21567582.pdf

Brilliantes, R. A., Aga, N. B., Tipace, F. C., Adegue, C. A., Perez, M. P., Aya-ay, A. M., &

Sagarino, E. V. (2011). The living conditions of university students in boarding houses

and dormitories in Davao City, Philippines. Int Peer Rev J, 1, 66-85.

Lovitos, A. H. (2019). Quality Living Conditions and the Boarding Preferences of UM College

Students. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 5(2), 54-62.

doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.10002-2

Mubita, K., Milupi, I., Daka, I., Nalwamba, M., Lungu, V., Luwi, P., ... & Mundende, K. (2022).

An Assessment of Safety and Health Issues in Selected Students’ Boarding Houses of

Lusaka City. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research

Studies, 2(8), 323-329.

Nobis Jr, M. L. (2022). Status of Students’ Boarding Houses in the University of Eastern

Philippines, Laoang Campus. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social

Sciences, 4(1), 113-126.

MT, K., Iresha, F. M., & Siswoyo, E. (2020). Determination of the Waste Production and Level

of Willingness to Waste Separation in the Students Living in Boarding Houses in

Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 8(3), 947-951.

 62

Oktavallyan, S. D., Seftyarizki, D., & Wardhani, F. (2021, April). Student boarding house

quality in term of health design (Case Study: Boarding house near University of

Bengkulu). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 738, No.

1, p. 012027). IOP Publishing.

Pramudita, A., Pranoto, W. A., & Setiadi, M. (2020, December). Investment analysis of boarding

house in tanah abang district. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and

Engineering (Vol. 1007, No. 1, p. 012010). IOP Publishing.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1007/1/012010

Reyes, P. P. (2016). Profile of boarding houses of students of the Kalinga-Apayao state

college. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social

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arXiv:2101.02033.

Ballesteros, M. M., Ramos, T. P., & Magtibay, J. E. (2016). Rent control in the Philippines: An

update (No. 2016-40). PIDS Discussion Paper Series.

 63

Coulson, N. E., Le, T., & Shen, L. (2020). Tenant rights, eviction, and rent

affordability. Eviction, and Rent Affordability (July 4, 2020).

Fegan, B. (1986). Tenants’ non‐violent resistance to landowner claims in a central Luzon.  The

Journal of Peasant Studies, 13(2), 87-106.

Kiabel, B. D., & Nwanyanwu, L. A. (2014). Some basic concepts of accounting: a critical

appraisal. Research journal of finance and accounting, (7), 197-204.

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content/files/ordinance-resolution-2011-2017/ORDINANCE-NO-13-08-boarding-

house.pdf

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Diamond, R., McQuade, T., & Qian, F. (2019). The effects of rent control expansion on tenants,

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 64

lker Etikan, Kabiru Bala, Ogunjesa Babatope, Meliz Yuvali, and Ismail Bakir (2017). Influence

of residential setting on student outcome. https://medcraveonline.com/BBIJ/influence-

ofresidentialsetting-on-student-outcome.html.

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houses and Government supply side intervention.

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No54_Boarding_houses_and_government_supply_side_intervention.pdf

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Jaro, Iloilo.

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(Unpublished senior thesis). Haverford College, Haverford, PA.

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Anderson, P., Hume, A., Rogers, N., & Stephenson, T. (2003). It's no palace: boarding houses:

the sector, its clientele and its future.

Anderson, T. (2016). Planning considerations for private boarding houses: A case study

approach in Auckland and Dunedin, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, University of

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working-class housing (Doctoral dissertation, ACU Research Bank).

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the impact of internal and external capabilities of rural households. Social Work Research, 38(1),
 65

19-3

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Hon. Nacional V. Mercado

City Mayor
City Government of Maasin
Province of Southern Leyte

Dear Hon. Nacional V. Mercado:

Greetings of peace and good health!

We, the bona-fide students of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Saint Joseph College of Maasin
City, are conducting a study entitled “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of Boarding Houses in Maasin City".

In connection with the development of the study, we would like to ask your permission to collect data that
will be used in our research. Rest assured that all your information will be treated with utmost respect and
confidentiality. Further, we are cordially asking your good office to know the list of the boarding houses in
Poblacion, Maasin City particularly in Barangays Abgao, Combado, Tagnipa, and Tunga-tunga.

Please allow us to make initial contact with you or your representative so we can further discuss the details
of our research. Our contact information details are 09486092069, and email address is
ronapangomez7@gmail.com.

We’re looking forward to your positive response and favorable action on this study.

With sincere appreciation,

Bagay, Anna Mae S.

Bermiso, Jane M.
Cuizon, Marjorie V.
Felicilda, Charmine P.
Gomez, Ronalyn P.
Lampong, Jude Marie B.
Tabinas, Angie E.

JHONEL M. AÑAVESA, Ph. D. TRISTAN JUN G. ESCLAMADO, CPA,

MBA
RESEARCH INSTRUCTOR DEAN OF ACCOUNTANCY
 66

Approved by:
HON. NACIONAL V. MERCADO
CITY MAYOR

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Hon. Rico R. Serito

Punong Barangay
Abgao (Pob.) Maasin City
Province of Southern Leyte

Dear Hon. Rico R. Serito:

Greetings of peace and good health!

We, the bona-fide students of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Saint Joseph College of Maasin
City, are conducting a study entitled “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of Boarding Houses in Maasin City".

In connection with the development of the study, we are cordially asking your good office for permission to
collect data that will be used in our research. Rest assured that all information will be treated with utmost respect
and confidentiality. Further, we’re asking your good office to know the list of the boarding houses and guidance in
collecting data in your barangay.

For further information you can contact us with our contact information details 09486092069 and email
address ronapangomez7@gmail.com.

We’re looking forward to your positive response and favourable action on this study.

With sincere appreciation,

Bagay, Anna Mae S.

Bermiso, Jane M.
Cuizon, Marjorie V.
Felicilda, Charmine P.
Gomez, Ronalyn P.
Lampong, Jude Marie B.
Tabinas, Angie E.

JHONEL M. AÑAVESA, Ph. D. TRISTAN JUN G. ESCLAMADO, CPA, MBA

RESEARCH INSTRUCTOR DEAN OF ACCOUNTANCY

Approved by:
HON. RICO R. SERITO
 67

PUNONG BARANGAY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Hon. Rodley R. Galeon

Punong Barangay
Combado (Pob.) Maasin City
Province of Southern Leyte

Dear Hon. Rodley R. Galeon:

Greetings of peace and good health!

We, the bona-fide students of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Saint Joseph College of Maasin
City, are conducting a study entitled “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of Boarding Houses in Maasin City".

In connection with the development of the study, we are cordially asking your good office for permission to
collect data that will be used in our research. Rest assured that all information will be treated with utmost respect
and confidentiality. Further, we’re asking your good office to know the list of the boarding houses and guidance in
collecting data in your barangay.

For further information you can contact us with our contact information details 09486092069 and email
address ronapangomez7@gmail.com.

We’re looking forward to your positive response and favourable action on this study.

With sincere appreciation,

Bagay, Anna Mae S.

Bermiso, Jane M.
Cuizon, Marjorie V.
Felicilda, Charmine P.
Gomez, Ronalyn P.
Lampong, Jude Marie B.
Tabinas, Angie E.

JHONEL M. AÑAVESA, Ph. D. TRISTAN JUN G. ESCLAMADO, CPA,

MBA
RESEARCH INSTRUCTOR DEAN OF ACCOUNTANCY
 68

Approved by:
HON. RODLEY R. GALEON
PUNONG BARANGAY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Hon. Alfredo O. Bantug Jr.

Punong Barangay
Tagnipa (Pob.) Maasin City
Province of Southern Leyte

Dear Hon. Alfredo O. Bantug Jr.:

Greetings of peace and good health!

We, the bona-fide students of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Saint Joseph College of Maasin
City, are conducting a study entitled “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of Boarding Houses in Maasin City".

In connection with the development of the study, we are cordially asking your good office for permission to
collect data that will be used in the research. Rest assured that all information will be treated with utmost respect and
confidentiality. Further, we’re asking your good office to know the list of the boarding houses and guidance in
collecting data in your barangay.

For further information you can contact us with our contact information details 09486092069 and email
address ronapangomez7@gmail.com.

We’re looking forward to your positive response and favourable action on this study.

With sincere appreciation,

Bagay, Anna Mae S.

Bermiso, Jane M.
Cuizon, Marjorie V.
Felicilda, Charmine P.
Gomez, Ronalyn P.
Lampong, Jude Marie B.
Tabinas, Angie E.

JHONEL M. AÑAVESA, Ph. D. TRISTAN JUN G. ESCLAMADO, CPA,

MBA
 69

RESEARCH INSTRUCTOR DEAN OF ACCOUNTANCY

Approved by:
HON. ALFREDO O. BANTUG JR.
PUNONG BARANGAY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Hon. Rizalina S. Araña

Punong Barangay
Tunga-tunga (Pob.) Maasin City
Province of Southern Leyte

Dear Hon. Rizalina S. Araña:

Greetings of peace and good health!

We, the bona-fide students of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Saint Joseph College of Maasin
City, are conducting a study entitled “The Dynamics of Financial Operation of Boarding Houses in Maasin City".

In connection with the development of the study, we are cordially asking your good office for permission to
collect data that will be used in the research. Rest assured that all information will be treated with utmost respect and
confidentiality. Further, we’re asking your good office to know the list of the boarding houses and guidance in
collecting data in your barangay.

For further information you can contact us with our contact information details 09486092069 and email
address ronapangomez7@gmail.com.

We’re looking forward to your positive response and favorable action on this study.

With sincere appreciation,

Bagay, Anna Mae S.

Bermiso, Jane M.
Cuizon, Marjorie V.
Felicilda, Charmine P.
Gomez, Ronalyn P.
Lampong, Jude Marie B.
Tabinas, Angie E.

JHONEL M. AÑAVESA, Ph. D. TRISTAN JUN G. ESCLAMADO, CPA,

MBA
 70

RESEARCH INSTRUCTOR DEAN OF ACCOUNTANCY

Approved by:
HON. RIZALINA S. ARAÑA
PUNONG BARANGAY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Informed Consent

I understand that I am being asked to participate in a research study at Saint Joseph College. This
research will explore on The Dynamics of Financial Operation of the Boarding Houses in Maasin
City. If l agrees to participate in the study, I will be interviewed and be asked to answer some
questions for approximately 45 minutes about the issue of concern. The interview will be
recorded and will take place in a private place. No identifying information will be included when
the interview is transcribed. There are no known risks associated with this study.
I realize that I may not participate in the study if l am younger than 18 years old or I cannot
speak English language and I realize that my knowledge gained from this study may help me or
the current public administration practitioners or me.
I realize that my participation in this study is entirely voluntary, and I may withdraw from the
study at any time I wish. If I decide to discontinue my participation in the study, I will continue
to be treated in the usual customary fashion.
I understand that all study data will be kept confidential. However, the information may be used
in research publications. If I need to, I can contact Dr. Jhonel M. Añavesa, Saint Joseph College,
anytime during the study.
The study has been explained to me. I have read and understand this consent form, all my
questions have been answered, and I agree to participate. I understand that I will be given a copy
of the consent form.
 71

_________________________ _____________________
Signature of Participant Date

__________________________ _____________________
Signature of Researcher Date

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Pagpananghid (Informed Consent)

Ako nakasabot nga ako gihangyo nga musalmot niining proyektong panukiduki (research study)
nga gibuhat sa Saint Joseph College. Kini nga proyektong panukiduki mulatid sa mga butang nga
may kalambigitan sa pagduma’ng opirasyong pinansyal sa mga Boarding Houses sa Poblasyon,
syudad sa Maasin (The Dynamics of Financial Operation of the Boarding Houses in Maasin
City). Kung ako musugot nga musalmot ug mutabang niining proyektuha, ako interbyuhon ug
pangutan-on sa labing minos nga usa ka oras kabahin sa maong mga butang nga gihisgutan sa
taas. Ang interbyu nga among buhaton i-record ug kini buhaton sa pribado nga dapit. Walay mga
ngalan ug uban pang ilhanan bahin nako nga i-apil ug balhin ug suwat pagkahuman sa interbyu.
Walay mga risgo nga mahilambigit niining proyektuha.
Kahibawo ko nga pwede nga dili ako musalmot niining proyektuha kung ako menor de edad o
kaha dili ko kasabot ug English, ug kasabot usab ako nga ang kahibawo nga makuha nako
niining proyekto makatabang kini nako ug ang karon nga estudyante nga akong gitabangan ug sa
uban pa gayud.
Kahibawo ako nga ang akong pagsalmot niining proyektuha kay boluntaryo lamang ug pwede ko
muatras sa pagpadayon niining proyektuha kung akong gustuhon. Kung ako mu-desisyon nga
mu-atras sa pagsalmot niini, akong ipadayon ang naandang gama sa wala pa kini buhata.
Ako nakasabot nga ang mga datus nga makuha niini i-sekreto lamang. Pero, ang mga
impormasyon mamahimu nga gamitun sa mga research publications. Kung kinahanglan pwede
nako kontakon si Dr. Jhonel M. Añavesa, Saint Joseph College, bisan kanus-a sa panahon sa
pagduki-duki.
Kini nga proyekto gipasabot kanako ug maayo. Akong nabasa ug nasabtan niining Porma sa
Pagpanan
 72

ghid, tanang pangutana natubag ug misugot ako sa pagsalmot niini. Ako nakasabot nga hatagan
usab ako ug kopya niining Pormaha.

_________________________ _____________________
Signature of Participant Date
__________________________ _____________________
Signature of Researcher Date
APPENDIX B

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY

Saint Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

Survey Questionnaire
The Dynamics of Financial Operation of the Boarding Houses in Maasin City
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
Instruction: Please answer the questions asked below with full honesty and fairness. Kindly put
check mark (✓) on a box provided and write the correct information on the space provided. Rest
assured that all the information you have provided will be treated with utmost confidentiality
and will be used for academic purposes only.

I. Profile of Boarding Houses

1. Geographic Location:
□ Abgao □ Tagnipa
□ Combado □ Tunga-tunga

1.1 Distance of Boarding House from School (kilometer)

□ 1km and below □ 4-5 km
□ 2-3 km □ 6km & above
 73

2. Years of Operation
□ 5 years & below □ 11-15 years
□ 5-10 years □ 15 years & above

3. Capitalization
□ ₱10,000 & below □ ₱35,000 – 44,999
□ ₱11,000 – 24,999 □ ₱45,000 & above
□ ₱25,000 – 34,999

4. Average Monthly Income

□ ₱20,000 & below □ ₱61,000 - 70,000
□ ₱21,000 - 40,000 □ ₱71,000 & above
□ ₱41,000 - 60,000

II. Status of Boarding Houses

1. Carrying/ occupancy capacity (Number of Boarders)

□ 20 and below □ 41-50
□ 21-30 □ 51 & above
□ 31-40

2. Amenities/ Facilities present

□ Living Area □ Stable Water Supply
□ Laundry Area □ Kitchen Appliances;
□ Bathroom Specify________
□ Comfort Room □ Others, please specify:
□ Comfortable Bed _____________
□ Study Area
 74

3. Physical condition of the building

□ Concrete □ Others, please specify:
□ Semi-concrete _____________
□ Light Materials

III. Income Profile of Boarding House

1. Monthly rental rate

□ ₱1,000 below □ ₱2,100 - 2,500
□ ₱1,100 -1,500 □ ₱2,600 above
□ ₱1,600 - 2,000

2. Basis of rental computation

□ Historical Cost □ Total Cost
□ Maintenance Cost □ Others, please specify:
□ Utility Cost ______________

3. Other sources of income

□ Additional charges □ Others, please specify:
□ Sari-sari store ________________
□ Occupation

IV. Expenditure Profile of Boarding Houses

1. Fixed Costs (taxes, permits, construction cost, and others)

□ ₱5,000 below □ ₱16,000 – 20,000
□ ₱6,000 – 10,000 □ ₱ 20,000 above
□ ₱11,000 – 15,000

2. Variable Costs (electricity, water, repair & maintenance and others)

□ ₱5,000 below □ ₱11,000 – 15,000
□ ₱6,000 – 10,000 □ ₱16,000 – 20,000
 75

□ ₱ 20,000 above

3. Total Cost ______________________

V. Respondent’s View on Boarding Houses Rental Rate in terms of:

1. Carrying /occupancy capacity

□ Very Good □ Fair
□ Good □ Poor

2. Amenities/ Facilities Present

□ Very Good □ Fair
□ Good □ Poor

3. Physical Condition of the building

□ Very Good □ Fair
□ Good □ Poor

APPENDIX C

ANNA MAE S. BAGAY

Brgy. Bagongbayan Bato, Leyte
Email Address: annamaebagay1331@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09513672986

PERSONAL DATA
Age: 22 years old Weight: 50 kgs
Birthdate: August 12, 2000 Civil Status: Single
Birthplace: Brgy. Amagos Bato, Leyte Citizenship: Filipino
Sex: Female Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5'2" Father's Name: Dany Boy A. Bagay
 76

Mother's Name: Perla U.Sanaco

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Name of School Address Completed
Elementary: Bato Central School Brgy. Tinago Bato, Leyte 2013
Junior High School: Bato National High School Brgy. Bagongbayan Bato, Leyte 2017

Senior High School: Bato National High School Brgy. Bagongbayan Bato, Leyte 2019

Tertiary: Saint Joseph College Maasin City, So. Leyte until now
BS in Accountancy

I hereby declare that all of the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge.
 77

Marjorie V. Cuizon
San Isidro, Sogod, Southern Leyte
Marjoriecuizon06@gmail.com
09306986165

EDUCATION
Saint Joseph College With Honors
2019-2023
Bachelor Of Science in Accountancy Sogod National High School
2013 – 2017
Southern Leyte State University – Main Junior High School
Campus With Honors
2017 – 2019
Senior High School – General Academic San Isidro Elementary School
Strand (GAS) 2007 – 2013
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Elementary School SPG Officer

SKILLS
 Versatile and well organized  Good written and oral
 Computer literacy communication skills
 Attention to details

EXPERIENCE
METRO ORMOC COMMUNITY MULTI- PURPOSE COMMUNITY
August 17, 2022 – November 16, 2022
Internship
 Checking Accounts  Processing loan forms
 Organizing transactions  Inventorizing unused office supplies

REFERENCES

Mr. Tristan Jun Esclamado MBA, CPA MR. Manuel T. Mislang Jr.Metro Ormoc
SAINT JOSEPH COLLEGE Community – Multi Purpose Cooperative
Dean of Accountancy Branch Manager
09276447682 09176383968

Mrs. Elvira Quimzon

Mayor’s Office – Sogod Municipality
Secretary
09297671401

CHARMINE P. FELICILDA
09295849502/09168208683
Anahawan, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte
charminefelicilda681@gmail.com

PERSONAL DATA

Birthdate : September 15, 2000

Birthplace : Anahawan, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte Height :
4’11”
Weight : 51 kg
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
 79

Father : Loreto S. Felicilda (Deceased)

Address : Anahawan, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte Mother
: Gloria P. Felicilda
Address : Anahawan, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Tertiary
Saint Joseph College
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy 2019-2023
Maasin City, Southern Leyte (Graduating)
Secondary

Don Agustin F. Escaňo National High School Information and

Communication Technology (ICT)
Bogo, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte 2017-2019

Dr. Rath Memorial Institute Foundation Inc. 2013-2017

Cambite, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte
Elementary
Anahawan Elementary School
Anahawan, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte 2007-2013

CHARACTER REFERENCE/S

TRISTAN JUN G. ESCLAMADO, CPA, MBA

Dean of Accountancy Department Saint
Joseph College
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

I solemnly declare that all the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

RONALYN PAN GOMEZ

Brgy. Marcelo, Bato, Leyte 6525
Email Address: ronapangomez7@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09773845093

PERSONAL DATA
Age: 21 years old Birthdate: March 22, 2001
 80

Birthplace: Brgy. Buli, Bato, Leyte Citizenship: Filipino

Sex: Female Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 4'11 Father's Name: Raul Ybañez Gomez Sr.
Weight: 47 kgs Mother's Name: Roberta Gerongco Pan
Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Name of School Address Completed
Elementary: Liberty Elementary School Liberty, Bato, Leyte 2013
Junior High School: Bato National High School (BNHS) Bagongbayan, Bato, Leyte 2017
Senior High School: Accountancy, Business and Bagongbayan, Bato, Leyte 2019
Management— BNHS
Tertiary: Saint Joseph College Maasin City, So. Leyte until present
BS in Accountancy

ACHIEVEMENTS
Elementary Class Valedictorian (2013)
Grade 10 With High Honors (2016)
SHS_ ABM With High Honors (2019)
Accountancy Dean Lister

CHARACTER REFERENCES
Tristan Jun G. Esclamado, CPA, MBA Dean of Accountancy
Gay Mariz Gabion PSA Admin Clerk
Louise Kim F. Gulay, CPA PSA Accountant

I hereby declare that all of the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Jude Marie B. Lampong

Esperanza, Bontoc, Southern Leyte
judemarielampong@gmail.com
09675633775

EDUCATION
Saint Joseph College Bachelor Of Science in Accoutancy
2019-2023
 81

Southern Leyte State University – Main 2013 – 2017

Campus Junior High School
2017 – 2019 With Honors
Senior High School – General Academic
Strand (GAS) Esperanza Elementary School
With Honors 2007 – 2013
Elementary School
Bontoc National High School Valedictorian

SKILLS
Good in interpersonal relationship
MS Word, PPT, Excel
Flexible and well organized
Attention to details

EXPERIENCE
METRO ORMOC COMMUNITY MULTI- PURPOSE COMMUNITY
August 17, 2022 – November 16, 2022
Internship
 Checking Accounts
 Organizing transactions
 Processing loan forms
 Credit investigation of the members

REFERENCES

Mr. TRISTAN JUN ESCLAMADO MBA, Mr. Jose Restituto Milagroso CPA
CPA Bontoc Municpal Budget OfficeBudget
SAINT JOSEPH COLLEGE Officer09656830515
Dean of Accountancy
09276447682 MR. Manuel T. Mislang Jr.
Metro Ormoc Community – Multi Purpose
Cooperative
Branch Manager
09176383968

ANGIE E. TABINAS
Brgy. Liberty, Bato, Leyte
Email Address: tabinasangie@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09362705153

EDUCATION:
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Bachelor of Science in Accountancy 2023

Saint Joseph College, Maasin City So. Leyte

Senior High School-HUMSS 2019

Saint Joseph College, Maasin City So. Leyte

Junior High School (BNHS) 2017

Buli, Bato Leyte

Elementary school 2013

Liberty, Bato Leyte

•With Honors

INTERNSHIP
Lamac Multi-Purpose Cooperative (LMPC) 2022
•Checking Accounts
•Organizing transactions
•Organizing Proof Sheets

APPENDIX D
Accounting Research Journey
What will happen when two difficult subject areas combined? For example, an

accounting and research? In doubts and uncertainties, a question arises “Can we make it?” This
 83

is Namz, Jane, Marj, Chamz, Rons, Jude and Anjs - the Group 3’s journey as we conducted our

research study.

At the first meeting, our group struggled to decide on a research topic. Determining a

research topic is one of the more challenging parts because you have to make sure that the topic

has credible sources and related studies.

Also, it must be a timely issue, and you must be able to defend it. Formulating research

titles is kind of fun; you need to create as many as you can before selecting and approving the

ideal one. Nevertheless, with the instructor's guidance, we settled on the financial operation of

boarding houses.

The writing of the research paper then began, beginning with chapter one the introduction,

repeatedly changing of the statement of the problem as we experienced countless corrections and

rejections, down to the methodology. During the time frame of writing this paper, there’s lot of

failures, sleepless nights, and challenges to our determination and patience.

Determination in finding related literature and patience in editing our papers seem to be

ceaseless. We experience boredom, tiredness, and laziness at times, but we remember that we

have goals in life and that our parents want us to succeed. We kept in mind our inspirations,

motivations, and purposes for this research to pursue this study. And finally, the research

proposal defense has come. We all had mixed emotions; we felt nervous about being able to

defend our study and at the same time happy because we are one step closer to finishing this

research paper. Thankfully, our research proposal has been successfully defended, and we know

that this is just the beginning of the real battle.

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We are now working on obtaining our data. This is the most challenging part of our

accounting research journey. It was a rainy day when we started our data collection. We sent

permission letter to the mayor to conduct our research study, down to four Punong Barangay’

chairperson. After that, we started to administer a survey questionnaire with the 93 respondents.

We jumped into the field and encountered a wide range of individuals with various

characteristics. It is quite difficult to collect this data with many respondents, and some of the

owners are busy; some are senior citizens, where it is difficult for us to communicate with them.

Our social and communication abilities were severely tested. Given that we don't personally

know these folks, it can be challenging to know how to interact with them. Knowing how to

approach them in accordance with their characteristics is really difficult. Particularly for people

who are not interested in participating in our study, it is crucial to have a strong intuition to know

when to start and when to stop. Almost a week gathering of data, even though it is a tiring but we

ended it a successful one. And as a group, we learned to unite and have patience each day when

we gather data. We believe that the course of a research study is filled with excitement, surprises,

difficulties, and uncertainty. The time spent gathering data for our studies was, however, never

regrettable. We must continue to work hard and consistently. We've come to understand that this

research is simply the beginning of our journey as a group. We felt joy and some stress during

our research journey. Due to unforeseen events, there were delays because some of the

respondents were busy, which taught us to be patient.

DOCUMENTATIONS
 85

First meeting with Dr. Jhonel M. Añavesa, introducing the VUCAD word that means volatile,
unique, complex, ambiguous, and dynamic. And deciding what field to conduct the accounting
research whether on Corporate Sector or on Public Sector.

During writing the research paper. These days were fun writing and editing the papers together.
Eating pancit canton and have sleepless night together.
.

5/7 7/7?
Consultation/
Correction/ Rejection?

Consultation with our instructor/facilitator. Sir Jhonel guide us in every step of our research. He
gives us a lot of
advices and
suggestions that
improved our research
paper.
 86

The day before our research proposal defense. We pray the holy rosary asking for guidance and
success of our proposal defense. We are also in a cramming state at this moment because we're
not ready for our presentation.

The day we hear “Group 3 Congratulations for a defended research proposal!”. The day with a mixed
emotions but thanks God, we still made it despite of lack of preparation.

During the Data Gathering

It was very exhausting but

one of our respondents
gave us banana and
popsicle.

Maybe to give us more

strength in knees because we have a long way to go.
We're very thankful for her generosity.

Asking list of registered

boarding houses in City Hall.
 87

We happen to pass by a ukay-ukay store so we stopped by a little and take a chance to relax a bit while
doing ukay.

Merienda / Snacks Time

Sorting, summarizing and making conclusions in the data gathered. It's a time-consuming moment
sorting data from 93 respondents. Our backs, eyes and head hurts but worth it because this moment is
one step closer in finishing this research paper.