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    Deveopment of Public Service Broadcasting in India

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    27 views8 pages

    Deveopment of Public Service Broadcasting in India

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Chopra
    Deveopment of Public Service Broadcasting in India

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    DN Development of Public Service Broadcasting in | India: Roles, Challenges and Possibilities Jyoti Prakash Mohapatra Abstract Prblic Service Broadcasting as cia standard has for Yong bes ‘omideredteieal ia Brondeasing. [And withthe preset proliferation fof technology inthe ld of mss ‘communication, a renewed lok at PSP it sought fr This aril aes the development, rls, chalenges fi possibiies of PS Inn i te form of establishment of Presar ‘Bhar tol oil and cata development, challenges from fuonomy and commerciaization tnd the possiblity of outreach } respectively. Als included i look ft varios policy reornmendations } Inade on bebalf of the Indian ‘Government as they bave formed the bate forthe development of Prasar Bhai, which is the sole ‘onder with elements of PSB. Public Service 1. Introduction Brondtating esently means the teanamistion of infomation over airwaves and the character ofthis jaformation helps in the classeation ofthe beoaeas. Here ‘we are primarily eonesred with ‘broadcast of information trough Radi and Television sets mean for consumption by the public, wc NR 5 00 Oct: 2016 13 is trondesing 2 an instament of mss communication, “The ealeat known broadcast ‘troh ratio wa done by Chas Heald in Apel 1909 fom Sea Jose, California. With the faseguent development of fecinology ite siserivness a8 a8 insrumen af mass communication started bscoming evident. Tis posblisy made imperative for Countries fo devire laws and regions fits wage, a was ancered withthe masses = who in terns were the subjects of ther goverment, As is noted in mineral conidetal report fom February 25, 1924 in which the Imperial Wireless Telegraphy Commitee stated (Wikipedia oe 2a “We have been asked ‘to csnsier and advise om the policy {obeadopecs regards psa Wireless Services so ast protet diate pbc interest’ Tos Fnpessd pon us that the quesion vm urgent” British Brondeast Company, cfablisd in 1922, was the fis iesitaton whic used their wanes fer experimental transmissions, these transmissions included programs sponsored by ewspaper But in 1926 the rsh {eee goverment in acordance vith the recommendation of Crawford ‘Committe, annulled the British ‘Broadeast Company Lid and set up ‘the non-commercial British ‘Broadcasting Corporation Apart trom the efeation of 1 public -eoporation, which would sve as ‘a ee fr the mations nes in roading, the reoommerdations seid: “it was expected that public trustee, the compotion ‘would emphasise serious, fvestionsl and cltural, programming tat woul eleatethe levelofinelectal andar ates ofthe aioe”. On 20° December 1926 the Crown Charter ocliming he establishment ofthe ‘world's frst public broadcaster ‘were published (Wikipedia ors, 2013), Puli Service Broadsting, fas a term, originated after the ‘eubltncat ofthe aforementioned Bish Broadeasting Coepration ‘Te geaenly ase defini ‘of Public Service Brosdeasing it the eight prinipls outlined by Michel Tracey (1998) (). University of raat. (@) University of peat @) Provision for minorities, especially tos dsadantaged by physical oF social o © etucton of the publ (6) Public broadcasting should be distanced from all vests (7) Broadcasting should be structured as 1 eneourage competition in good programming rather than ‘ompetton for murs (The values of broaden should liberate rather than festrct the programme: ‘The above outlines donot explicitly mention the absence commercial or goveramental contro, in ways financial and Administrative, But this can be inferred from (6) which sys, “Public broadcasting should be itanced rom al ested erat 5 both political control and commercial contol wil bring ia accountability tothe sponsoring ody thereby contol over cote Publi Service Broadcasting cotent is concentrated towards what the ‘ble ought tobe given and not Public neds, This concep il be Sacsted farther later in ees) ‘when we talk about commerialization 2. Publi Service Broadcasting ‘Apt om what principles public service brosdcasting should be ‘based woo, the importance of PSB hasbeen thoroughly defined! and redefined through varying ferences and summits= “Public rervice broadcasting (P88) has an important roleplay jn providing access to. and pacgaton a publi Especially Indeveloping counties, PSB canbe insrumenta in promi access to ‘fication and eats, developing nowledge, and fostering intercon among citizens, For the majority ofthe world populton, comping ibabiants of huge al ‘eas and literate people, di and tslevison remain the most valle and widespread ICT, with ai in the fit place as primary communion median," (Banere> tnd Sevan 2005) ‘And when we talk sbout the control of Public Service Broadcarting the followieg observation surmaries the need focarmedengi ace oes bale commercial and governmental “Neither commercial nor State contlled, public broadcasting’s ‘only ison public service. Te is the publie's broadcasting “onpniation; peaks wo everyone fan citizen bli brosdasters ‘encourage access 10 and ‘aricipaton in public life. They flevelop knowledge, broaden bovine and erable people beter understand themselves by beter derstanding th world and ote Public bondcaing is ined a 2 meting plac whee all etizens are welcome and censidered equals It {an information and edbcation tool ceesible all and meant or ‘whatever their social oF ‘sconomie sat Is mandate i ot ested inoion ad cura evelopment publi boadcasing ‘mls appt tbe agin, entertain, Ba it does 80 with a concern for quality that flsinguises i from commer twondeasting. (i) “This definition though lenves few stones unturned that of the gus rier encountered when the word publi i used. The word “public is gnsally construed as something fering to “the Goverment o “eis rated to the goverment. Though it i te that when te worlds edited, ‘tough represetatio by someone ‘or some people for everyone, ke 14 Bess rot A Octobe 2016 any form of government as an ‘example, ‘public's a word would invoke the ides ofthe goverment This bind of notion makes public servic’ rly related to what the goverment thks forthe publi Such service can be done by sayone butt soul ums be jn the domuin of what the goverment inks fi forthe plc. ‘Mheprbienune wbewanndiese cate what sould be fit Tor he versity in itself assumes diverse, Bul thi linguistic problem isnt ‘heigget hurdle that Publi Service Broadeating es, by vie ofthe ‘ways dei Themajr polem ‘that PSB acess the autonomy itis ‘ceded from those who are in ‘onl Also with lbaization FSB. has also fillen prey to competion fom commercial roadester. The later uses homogenization of content t0 appeal to @ larger audience, but in the way compomiv diversity in cone 5. The Indian Scenario Indi is diverse county with 22 oficial and 216 native languages catered ver a population of 12 Pilon. in such vast courey mass ‘communication tel becomes 3 hllnge nti sein we tine he history fom ts anecedets, to recommendation and then tothe preseat station. SA Antecedents Broadcasting in India stated in over 1923 fom the Rai Cob in Calcutta, Similar amateur broadeastng networks, which were tablished by Indian Brodeasting Company, sprang up Bombay and ‘Madras. Bul the expenditure of these setups far exceeded their even, which was devived fom 1 Ie received 60 % of its revenues fom rai ences. The fx a ined by the goverment at ten pees pr rado st per annum. ‘The company had to collect the revenue Pom thse who possessed he receiver, 2.10% tbat on the invoind value of imported witless ‘wscless valves, lecce wireless ‘ramophiones, which the company ‘nda colette rom he dealers. Due to dwindling licenses the ‘company went no hguidaton in June 1930, The revenue model described above resembles that which is sed fo funding Public fervice Broadessting Services. ‘Though people cntendol at the programs sired by the TBC catered tothe small Burpean community snd westenied Indians thre some ‘eying nthe ead of politcal tis in the cnt ans, ho frged hat the sevice should be ‘comin withou intrupion (® Chaneree, 1990) Henceforth, detailed proposal ‘wore div ou aie and sn ‘broadcasting statons and in early 1980s tradeing came under the irs contol of e goverment in the Department of Industries and the | Indisn Broadcasting Company was fenamed at The Indian State Broadcasting Serace. Tn1935the degnton ofan State Broadeastng Service was hanged to Al nds Radio which vas in 1941 tnsferred to the Department of Communication ‘which ser Inds independence este a Minty. ‘Whee Inia was parioned the [AIR network consisted of six atone and five in princely sats. ‘The toll umber of Henkes was 248,000; population of35 coe. Subsequently in 1981, with the ‘commitment of the country to centralised planaing, AIR's expan bs en inclaed inthe fovermen’s Five Year Plans. 52 Pllcir Regarding PSH “This move cemented ATR’ pst te pat ofthe Government for then and for posterity sl now [AIR snd Doorn re Sly in the control of the Cental Government with ite astonomy boing ceded ot. But in the pas 6 years several committees and ‘working groups were etal to Took into the issues related t9 ‘oadasting The most inportant ‘of which are briefly discussed below along with their ‘recommendation 1. The Chanda Enquiry ‘Commitee 1956 This commiter wat retup after Indira Gandhi became the Cabinet Minster of Information sd Broadcasting. The cfomamitee was headed by AK (Chan, former Auditoe General of India. Te suggested that AIR be ‘convert it «corporation run by 1 Boar of Govemors on he BBC Model: hat tlevsion be separated from radio and given + Swerty Year evelopment plan; and that Vividh Bhar chanel te commercialized nd its profits ploughed back nto radi forthe improvement ofthe Programmes, The latter two Fecommendations were accepted butte foremost was rejected Such Finacial relation between VIvidh ‘Bhai and All India Rao, could reco October 2016 I 15 Gillon oe fave been ued to make AIR to become mot oct omar the SB model 2. The Vahese Working Group 1978 ~ Set ap under the Janata government working group was to look into the possibility of ranting AIR and Doordarsh complete autonomy, recommended that AIR. and Doordarshan bald fnction under 2 single tru, the autonomy of which would be earenced in the ostition esi Te trust would ave deeeovalaad admins for better sate and regional level factoring. also proposed that the Trust should have powers to license eduetionalinstsions 0 rn fanchise usin. This would azure divert of conten and the broadcasting education specific. Programmes tthe sequent bill which ‘was inroducat ito the parinment ejected the concept of forming 8 trust and giving it eonatitional, autonomy. And as far as giving financial avonomy was considered the government dino better and kept contol with itself. Also “ranchise Stains which wat & genuine atenpt towards Public Service Brosdeasting found no place inthe bil wich wat cll the Paar Bba Bll ‘3. Joshi Winking Group 1982 ‘This group was headed by De. PC Joshi, Dizecor of Institute of Economie Growth, Delhi and had -thineen meres i mandate was to ‘prepare a software plan taking into consideration the main ‘objectives of tlevisin of asising in the process of socisl and feconomie development of the country and to act as an effective rim for poviding information, ‘education and eotertainment.” The report pressed on the need 10

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