Vortack Visualization System Chess tense wanaaro2 ga me a eo Ow a / / =) ‘Vortack, In. N7191 Bape eat m Weconh 082() Objective of the Visualization Process The process of visualization requires and allows you to “see” or form a clear mental image without looking at a chessboard or at the pages of this booklet. The objective is to be able to rapidly visualize images of various portions of a chessboard, or in some cases to visualize the entire board, with or without pieces or Pawns on the board. ‘Through such visualization you can enhance the depth and speed of your chess calculations.1. Remember the right comer square is White as you look at the Board. White is Right. 2. The right corner square is White whether you are playing from the White or Black side of the Board. 3. Visualize the Right White comer square as if you are playing White. 4, Visualize the Right White comer square as if you were playing Black Note: Close your eyes and “see” what is shown in the diagram each time you are requested to visualize a diagram.\ LZ Remember 1. Diagonally opposite the White square is a White square. 2. Black squares occupy the other 2 comers. 3. Visualize the 4 outside corer squares of this board as if you were playing White. 4. Visualize the 4 outside corner squares of the board as if you were playing Black.a Black Queen's Quad White Queen's Quad 1. The Board can be divided into 4 quadrants (each called a Quad). 2. Here are the 4 outside comer squares of the 4 quads. 3. Visualize the 4 quad outside corner squares as if you were playing White, 4. Visualize the 4 quad outside corner squares as if you were playing Black.‘The Queen is a grand Dame and She begins on the d file. His Excellence, the King, begins on the e file. Queen's one 1. See the 4 corner squares of all 4 Quadrants (Quads) 2. Visualize the 4 Quads (as shown) as if playing White. 3. Visualize the 4 Quads (as shown) as if playing Black. Note: The name of the Quads stems from the initial position of the Kings and Queens. For example, the White King is located within the White King's Quad when a game begins. See the Appendix for reference if you are not yet familiar with the initial Positions of the pieces and Pawns. Evergreen: Use the Diagram to Visualize the final sequence of the Evergreen only after you have finished working through the entire booklet: 1. Black Queen moves from hS to capture the White Knight on £3 (on the long diagonal) threatening mate. 2. White Queen moves from a4 to capture the Pawn on d7 (on the 5 White diagonal) threatening mate to the Black King on e8.Black Black Queen's King's Quad Quad ZZ White White Queen's King’s Quad Quad Although the four central Black and White squares repeat the pattern, you might find it most useful to visualize these four squares as the “inside corners” of the 4 Quadrants. ‘These squares are also part of the 4/5 Boundary. This is the Borderline that divides the board in halves (that is White's half of the board as distinguished from Black’s half of the board). White's side of the ‘inside comers” is part of the 4th rank. Black's side of the ‘inside corners’ is part of the Sth rank. Note: See Appendix if you are not familiar with the concept of ranks.The “Kitty Corner" connection of two Quads can be visualized to form the longest diagonal of the entire board.The longest diagonals of a Board: 1. Observe the long White diagonal. 2. Observe the long Black diagonal. 3. Visualize the long White diagonal as if playing White. 4. Visualize the long White diagonal as if playing Black. 5. Visualize the long Black diagonal as if playing White. 6. Visualize the long Black diagonal as if playing Black Mentally “flip-flop” the image back and forth many times, 1st as if you are playing the White pieces; then as if you are playing the Black pieces.Zi LI Shortest diagonals of a Quad. There are two sets of 2 square short White diagonals in each Quad. There are two sets of 2 square short Black diagonals in each Quad.ao oe mn / eee @ a Vi, Wh, - “¢ 8 NS The shortest diagonal of a board. 1. Observe the shortest White diagonals, (two sets) Observe the shortest Black diagonals, (two sets). Visualize the shortest Black diagonals as if playing White. |. Visualize the shortest White diagonals as if playing White. . Visualize the shortest Black diagonals as if playing Black. Visualize the shortest White diagonals as if playing Black onnenoa © RP oR a ON ®@ ~ Starting from the_right corner square, the diagonals consist of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 squares each, then recede from 8 to 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 square each. Visualize each diagonal and its color as if playing White-saying 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-8-7, 6,5, 4,3,2, 1. Visualize this as if playing Black. Note: You can't actually have a diagonal of only one square, but the 1 helps you remember the sequence of the number of squares in each diagonal as well as the color of the squares in the diagonals.yp ok OO N @ 123 45 67 8 Now visualize the diagonals starting from the left comer square Visualize them as if playing the White pieces. Visualize them as if playing the Black pieces. Note that From the Right corner: 1. The odd square diagonals are all white. (whether playing white or black). 2. The even square diagonals are all black. (whether playing white or black). From the Left comer: ‘The odd square diagonals are all black. (whether playing white or black) 2. And the even square diagonals are all white. (whether playing white or black).The 5 Square Diagonal is 5 harder to visualize. Try seeing the 3 Squares within the Quad (beyond the 4 square diagonal), then mentally add the Corner Squares of the Quads that share that 5 square diagonal. 143+15 diagonal squares. Evergreen: 1. Use the diagram to visualize Black's Queen move to capture White's Knight on the Knight's common square of £3. 2. Now, mentally turn the above diagram as if you're playing the Black pieces. Then visualize White's Queen taking the Black Pawn on d7, checking the Black King that isones.VS The 6 Square Diagonal is easier to visualize as it is made up of 2 Square Diagonals of each of three different Quads that share that 6 square diagonal... 242+2=6 diagonal squares. x ¥ EF =. Evergreen: Visualize you're playing the Black pieces: Picture White's a3 Bishop sliding down the 6 square diagonal to e7 (supported by White's Pawn on f6 of the close 5 square Black diagonal) to checkmate Black's King on f8ae ee . a mm Yj The 7 Square Diagonal abuts the 8 Square Diagonal, so we know it has 7 squares. The 7 square diagonal consists of two 3 Square Diagonals from two “Kitty Corner” Quads and one “inside” corner square of a third Quad. Vi. We MVM sae" The longest (8 square) diagonal is simply made of two long 4 square diagonals of two Quai tee diagonal squares.Visualize the odd square white diagonals (1 - 3 - 5 - 7). Repeat this exercise for all white diagonals on the board (1 -3-5-7-7-5-3- 1) Now do the same thing with the odd square black diagonals by starting from the left side of the board. Repeat the exercise as if playing the white pieces. Repeat as if playing the black pieces. Note: You can't actually have a diagonal of only one square, but the one square helps you remember the sequence of odd numbers: 1 - 3-5-7.Visualize the even square Black diagonals from the right side of the board. Now do the same thing to the even square white diagonals by starting from the left side of the board. Repeat exercises as if you had white, then later the black pieces.7 \ ae | 1. We know the Board can be divided into 4 quadrants (Quads). 2. The Same corner Pattern exists in the 4 corners of each of the quads as on the complete Board: White is right. 3. Visualize this Quad as if playing White. 4. Visualize this Quad as if playing Black. Evergreen notes: White's Bishop will cross e4 enroute from d3 to £5. @) What color square is 15? That puts White's Bishop on the junction of a 7 White square diagonal and a 6 White square diagonal. 2.) Visualize the 3 - 1 - 3 make-up of the 7 squares. Visualize the 2- 2-2 make-up of the 6 squares. @) Visualize Black's King checked on the double White ‘square diagonal of the Black Queen's Quad.Concentrate on one Quad. dos “a Zo 1. See this Quad as if playing White. 2. See this Quad as if playing Black. Evergreen notes: Visualize the Quad shown as if it is the White King’s Quad after Black’s Queen takes White's Knight. Say the algebraic notation of each square occupied by White pieces or Pawns and by Black pieces or Pawns. (Hint: diagram 19 ...) 2. Visualize the Quad shown as if it is the Black Queen's Quad after Black's Queen took White's Knight. Say the algebraic notation for each square occupied by Black and White pieces or Pawns. (Hint: Diagram 19 ...) Realize you are playing from Black's side of the board in this visualization,\N) AN ~\ YN S |_[] — Y Y V Hi y ~ ° Let's commit one Quad to visual memory. Here is a Quad to study. (Remember all 4 Quads are the same) Remember the close Right Corner Square of any Quad is White. Visualize this. The diagonally Opposite Corner Square of any Quad is also White. Visualize ! From the right, closest to you, the Shortest Diagonal is 2 Black Squares. See itY Wi 20 4, The Next Diagonal_is 3 White squares. Close your eyes ! 5, Next is the Long Diagonal of the Quad: 4 Black Squares. Note: Anytime you have a White corner square, the next diagonal will be 2 Black, followed by 2 White, followed by 4 Black squares, What do you see? 6. Now things just repeat: Here are 3 white ‘squares. 7. Another repeat: 2 Black squares in the upper left comer.24 8. The upper left comer is white Picture the 3, the 2, and the one! 9. Now examine a Quad starting from the Left Corner Square closest to you. G Za Y Zi 40. The Opposite Comer Square is Black 11. From the left, closest to you the shortest diagonal is 2 White squares.22 12. The next Diagonal is three Black squares, 13. The long Diagonal is 4 White squares. Note: Anytime you have a Black corner square, the next diagonal will be 2 White, followed by 3 Black, followed by 4 White squares.15. 23 }. Let's do the repeat: Here are three Black ‘squares, That little set of 2 Whites. The far right corner is Black. Close your eyes and visualize a Bishop ‘moving up and down this quad’s long white diagonal.19. 21 24 Close your eyes and visualize a Bishop moving back and forth on the close lett triple black squares. Same track for the far right triple blacks as shown by the arrows. Close your eyes and visualize a Bishop moving back and forth on the close left double whites. Same thing for the far Tight double whites. . Close your eyes and visualize a Bishop moving up and down this Quad’s long Black diagonal. Close your eyes a visualize a Bishop moving back and forth on the close right triple whites, Same sight on the far left triple whites.A YY V7) oe wm GTZ ZA OW Va 7.7% ei Zt 25 22. Close your eyes and visualize a Bishop moving back and forth on the close right double blacks. Same track for the far left double blacks 23. (a) From its starting square X, a Knight often moves to the long diagonal. Visualize that Knight move, eyes closed (Picture the color of the squares involved). (b) Or from its starting square, the Knight can also move to the far end of the close right triple white - visualize the move! (c) From the X, the Knight can move to the close end of the far left triple white’ Visualize the move! 24. It may be easier for you to mentally hug the board rather than mentally jumping the Knight. Try visualizing the Knight's possible moves as a 1 space Rook move followed by a 4 space Bishop move-away from the starting square as shown; 25. OR... as shown here.S \ \ ot KE yy SS IN Be | 3 26 26. OR. ‘See, No “Mental Hopping’ Required-- Just “Push the Rook and Slide the Bishop.” Note: both moves must take you further away from your starting square of that move. 27. Now: Visualize a little Knight dance. Start at the X and “push” & slide” or “jump” from Xto 1 to 2to3 to 4: eyes closed. Be sure to visualize the start and stop square clearly each time you mentally make your move 28. O.K. Try moving from this X to 1 to 2 to3 to 4 with your visualized Knight. Try it eyes closed. Visualize those squares you're landing on. What component diagonal squares of the Quad are they? Can you visualize from: The X on farthest Of the far left Double Black to - Long White (1 up trom White right corner) to far right comer Black - to Long White ( 1 down from far White corner) to Long Black (left corner), (Note: This all becomes easier to "see" than itis to say.)‘Y « Wh, Vy WD) 29. 30. 3t 27 Instead you can go “Bishop slide/ then Rook Push’ if you prefer with your mental Knight. Here please visually finish the trip down to the close Black corner square by way of a stop on the long White diagonal. Use the “Bishop slide/ then Rook push” method. Remember the Rook push can't bring you back towards your starting square. Note: If you are comfortable just mentally “hopping” the Knight, you can omit the “Rook push and Bishop slide” or the alternate “Bishop slide and Rook push’ method of visually placing your Knight from square to square. Look at the ceiling and dance the Knight through the routes shown in diagram 27 and 28.Y Y fi 7 BG oe Mini-Quads Rule! Y 26 Y ¥ YB Wh 15 “ab co ef gh The mini-quads repeat the old pattern of the four corners. Remember, mini-quads are only made up of one of the 4 quarters of one Quad | For example: the following squares may seem to be a mini-quad but they are not: (d4, d5, e4, 5)! This is not a, > Mini-Quad This is a Mini-Quad Vg ZZ ty Y Y Y This is not a Mini- Quad. These are the four corners of the 4 Mini-Quads within the White Queen's Quad. + This isa Mini-Quad For practice, close your eyes and say out loud the algebraic notation and color of each square of each Mini-Quad within the White King's Quad. Start with h1 (White) gt (Black) g2 (White) h2 Black (Visualize clockwise). Now move clockwise to the next Mini-Quad in the White King’s Quad and start with the 11 (White) e1 (Black) e2 (White) {2 (Black). Again move clockwise to the next Mini-Quad starting with f3 to e3, e4 and 14. Finally h3, 93, g4, and h4, Leave the White King's Quad and say the notation and color of each square within each of the four Mini-Quads that make up the White Queen's Quad. Repeat the process for the Black Queen's Quad and finally the Black king's Quad. Evergreen: Use the Mini-Quad method to visualize Black's Knight leaving one Mini- Quad to take White's Rook in the Mini-Quad that contains 7.eo ee are ae eoteae Use these sample boards to practice visualizing the algebraic notation and color of each Quad, and the Black King's Quad. Close your eyes!" ‘square within the Mini-Quads of the White King’s Quad, White Queen's Quad, Black Queen'sx] JY x J x x ZV. Mini-Quad Knight Rules: 1. A Knight always leaves its Mini-Quad. 2. A Knight always moves to the opposite color square. 3. The really neat thing is a Knight's move will always take it into an adjoining Mini-Quad except for the Mini-Quad farthest from the Knight which shares the diagonal on which the Knight starts. (i.e. Figure 1, the ht to a8 diagonal) Close your eyes and visualize each of the four Knights shown as they move to the squares containing the X's. »=NeRDaY® anor nore = norkuore sNORTOVOE 31 Review of the end game moves of the Evergreen, as played by Anderssen vs Dufresne in Berlin, 1852. 19, Rtodtll (as shown) 19. ... @x Non (threatening mate on g2). 20. Rx None7 check 20. ...N x Rook on e7 Note: if 20...K £8, then 21. R €3 + (wins Queen). or if 20...K d8, then 21. R xd74...K 08 (if 21...K xR then 22.B f5+..Ke8 23.B d7+..K d8 24, B e7 mate.) 22. R 8 +N x ds. 23.Qd7+Kxd7 24. B15 +K eB 25. Bd7 Mate.32 21. Qx P ond7 Check ANokUON® 21... KxQ = neranaore@ Gy ane 22. BtofS double check g 2 & = Nw oRaane 22... Ktoe8 a a! owe a on a 2 E | EE & A uN Note: if 22. ... K to. 06 23. B d7 mate. S awosuore oT ee | om & ol | o33 8 7 6 : 23. B to d7 Check 3 Note: if 23. ... K to d8, then 2 24. Bx e7 mate. 1 s| 2} 7) MEd 6 2 @ ae 23... Ktof8 a Gs. 4 @ a ef 3\ 288 @ Mak i Bae & abcdefgh 24, Bx Ktone7. Checkmate ! aN eRaare 1. Now repeat moves 19 through 24 several times, preferably using an actual board and chess pieces. 2. Now commit to memory the position of the pieces starting from 19 R to dtl! so you can correctly set up the board as shown. You may find it easier to memorize if you set up one Quad at a time or mentally set up the White pieces first, then the Black pieces.34 Try this exercise. You could tape record this portion of the text and play it back to yourself answering the questions or have someone ask you the questions, Close your eyes. Behind your closed eyelids allow your eyes to actually move as if you were examining the chess board. Again we ate visualizing the squares, Pawns and pieces as of 19. R to di !! (per diagram 19.) ‘You may want to start in the White King's Quad. Mentally scan the three White Pawns of White's Castled position. Work to see the color of the square each Pawn. ison. See the White King and the color of the square he is on. What squares are the White Knight and White Rook on? (color of square and algebraic notation), Now picture the Black King’s Quad. Whaat is the color and notation of the square the Black Queen is on? The Black Rook? Where are any Black Pawns in the Quad (square color and notation)? if there are any White pieces, name them and say where they are located, the square color and notation. What piece is on e8? What Black piece is masking another Black piece and what squares are those 2 pieces on (color and notation)? Let's visualize the White Queen's Quad. (When asked, say color and notation of the squares) Where is the Queen? Where are the 2 White Bishops? What is between the 2 White Bishops and on what square? How many Pawns are in the Quad? What color are they and what squares are they on? What piece is on d1? Visualize the Black Queen's Quad. What piece is where on the 6th rank? Name the pieces or Pawns on the 7th rank. How many Knights are in this Quad and where are they? Where are the Bishops located? Now make a visual composite of the complete board following Black Queen's move taking the White Knight. Mentally sweep the board, starting anywhere! Visualize all 43 Black pieces and Pawns. Visualize all 12 White pieces and Pawns. Form a clear mental picture of the board and of the color and location of the occupied squares. Now visualize the files, ranks and diagonals involved and their interrelationships as the sequence of moves progress from White's Rook move to d1 on through to checkmate with White's Bishop pair on move 24. B x Kt on e7 Checkmate | Play out the end game sequence in your mind.Refer to the Evergreen Visualize the placement of all of the pieces and Pawns of the Evergreen Position following White Rook's move to d1 20. White's Rook pushes from its King's Quad close Black corner to check Black's King straight ahead. 35 19..,Continue to Visualize all of the pieces on the board and visualize the following sequence of moves: Black's Queen slides on the close 5 square White Diagonal to its middle (the long White Diagonal) - to attack the Pawn, (pinned by Black's Rook ong8) threatening mate. “ a ve Te a vO ane eae eee @ ae ae BS. Black's Knight leaves its “usual” long diagonal square to take the White RookWhite's Queen slides on the far 5 White Diagonal, sliding from its Queen's Quad far White corner to take the Black Pawn and check Black's King. (1434+1=5). 22. ZT. 2m Bee | a ata Bi White's Bishop slides along the close 7 white square diagonal to the white f5 square attacking Black's King on the far 6 White square diagonal. White's Rook on dt double checks Black's King. 36 Black's King slides Soutwest one click on the same 5 White diagonal to take White's Queen. Black's King slides Northeast on the far 5 White diagonal to escape the double check,Ga , ase a oe a ee a a ee ee 2 ae @ oa 6 @ sea ed = e228 os 2 White's Bishop slides up the far 6 Black's King pushes onto its 6 black white diagonal to check Black's King diagonal. on the far 5 White square diagonal (supported by the White Rook on di). 24. West White's Bishop slides up the 6 black diagonal for mate.ee @ Me ae -/7 77 38 Doel ae ciel ees 41516 720) a oe tat ae OO DD aaa se | Visualize all of the diagonals according to the initial position of the pieces on the first and eighth ranks. 6 6 6 ‘. aaa al iataee “ee a6 2 8 “sia wae 6 6 No . Bishops start out as natural 6 shooters. Bishops start on 2+2+2 diagonals. Rooks start on the longest and shortest diagonals 8 and 1 . Knights start on 7 and 2 diagonals (and often make their 1st move to the 8 diagonals). Bishops start as six shooters (and 3 shooters). Queens start on 5 and 4 diagonals. Kings start on 5 and 4 diagonals. Vortack Visualization SystemAppendixChess Rules and Notation TaAREWEG £REARAWS Pawn Knight Bishop Rook Queen King RA RA RR RA PEN 2539 The Chess Pieces and Board There are thirty-two Chess pieces--sixteen white pieces and sixteen black pieces. The board hhas sixty-four squares, the same as a checkerboard White Black — Name of Piece: Value of Piece: g 7] King (K) (1 per side) Game is won if King can be captured. wy w Queen (Q) (1 per side) 9 Points & z Rook (R) (2 per side) 5 Points A ar Bishop (B) (2 per side) 3 Points D a Knight (kt) (2 per side) 3 Points (Knight is also N) & i Pawn (P) (8 per side) 1 Point The pieces and Pawns (except the King) are valued according to how mobile they are. The Queen can move to the most squares, so it is valued at 9 points. Chess games are not normally scored, won, or lost on points. But, the point value of Pawns and pieces will help you understand whether you are coming out ahead or behind as you capture your opponent's pieces and Pawns and as your opponent captures your pieces and Pawns. When you are able to capture your opponent's King without the King escaping, you have won the game. Setting Up the Chess Pieces: To begin the game, place the Chess pieces as shown in Fig. 1. Set up 1. Align board so a white square is to Right. “White on Right’ as you look at your side of the board. 2. Queen is on color: White Queen is on White Square. Black Queen is on Black Square. Fig. 1Pawn: 40 On its first move a Pawn can move only in a forward direction one or two squares. After its first move a Pawn may only move forward one square at a time. This Pawn moved one square This Pawn moved 2 squares. (allowed on the Pawn's 1st move only) / Pawn cannot leap over any piece. Any Chess piece directly in front of it blocks a forward move of a Pawn. Pawn Captures: ‘A Pawn may only capture an enemy piece or Pawn that is on a square immediately in front of the Pawn on a left or right diagonal. Cs Black _i ea a2 os laa White White Pawn captures on diagonals only. This Pawn could capture either knight by removing the Knight and placing the Pawn on the square the Knight was on, if your Pawn reaches the end rank (row) across the board, you may remove it and replace it with any piece (except a King). Usually, the Queen is chosen because it is the most powerful piece; thus you may have two Queens. Sometimes a Knight, a Rook, or a Bishop will be chosen to replace the Pawn; for example, to complete a checkmate or to avoid stalemate.En Passant: a4 When a Pawn reaches its fifth rank it may capture an opposing Pawn that has moved two spaces. The capture must immediately follow the advance and is called “en passant.” If the Black Pawn just moved two spaces, the White Pawn may immediately capture the Black Pawn as if the Black Pawn had only moved forward one space. ‘The Pawns "en passant’ capture. : : King: & aa Oe, Gf) The King may only move one square in any De, direction - to either color. Here the King can | move to any square marked with an X. If an 7, opponent's piece or Pawn is on a square that your King can move onto, then your King may capture on that square. Winning the Game: The object of the game is to be able to capture the opponent's King. The King is never allowed to move to a square where he may be immediately captured by an opponent's piece. Bishop: 4. ‘The Bishop may only move diagonally. Each of your Bishops is on a different colored square. Each Bishop must always remain on the same color squares on which it began the game. As a result, each opponent is said to have a “White” and “Black” Bishop (referring to the color of the squares the Bishops move on - not the color of the Bishop piece Be. GF FB itself). A Bishop bee es “| may capture on ‘A eB ew mysqureto of ng agg \ — wibicn it can Pete a oa a ao a This White Bishop may move to the This White Bishop may move to the Wa orec marked with an X black squares marked with an X.This Knight may move to the white squares marked with an X. This Rook may move to the white or black squares marked with an X. Rook: i ‘The Rook may move forward or backward on a single file. The Rook may 42 =NORAONO abcdefgh The White Knight has moved “over” the Pawn Knight: 2 The Knight is the only Chess piece which can move “over” its own or opponent's pieces. The Knight moves two spaces (any direction) and one over. A Knight may capture on any square to which it can move. move left or right on a rank. The Rook cannot move on any diagonal. A Rook may capture on any square to which it can move. Queen: ¥ The Queen can move forward or backward on a file or left or right on a rank (like a Rook). A Queen can move forward or backward on diagonal (like a Bishop of either “color” on either color square). A Queen may capture on any square to which it can move.Castling: 43 The only time you can ever move two pieces in one move is if you “castle” your King to put the King in a more protected position. You may only castle if: {a) All the squares between the King and the Rook are unoccupied (b) All the squares between and including the squares occupied by the King and the Rook are free from attack (c) Neither the Rook or King has been moved previously. This diagram shows the positions of the King and Rook before castling towards the King's Rook side of the board, (called "Castling King- side") ToCastle King-side, pick up the King 1st and moveit 2 spaces toward the King-side Rook, then pick up the King-side Rook and move it one square beyond the King. (Note: You are allowed to pick up the King and Rook together to complete this move). Queen-side ToCastle Queen-side, pick up the King andmoveit2 spaces toward the Queen-side Rook. Then pickup the Queen-side Rook and move it one square beyond the King, (Note You are allowed to pick up the King and Rook together to complete this double move)44 Alternate plays: White always makes the first move. The players always move alternately. The same player can never make two consecutive moves! Captures: In Chess, captures are never made by moving over the piece being captured. Instead, captures are made by removing the captured piece from the square it occupied and replacing it with the capturing piece. Two men can never occupy the same space at the same time, Touch move: Unless you first warn your opponent that you are “adjusting the pieces’, you must move any piece or Pawn of your own that you touch. (assuming your piece can make a legal move). Also you must capture any opponent's piece or Pawn that you touch (assuming that you can legally capture that piece or Pawn). The reason for this rule is to prevent players from starting to move a piece or make a capture and then changing their mind and putting the piece back. So the Rule is: “If you touch a piece or Pawn you must move it if you can’. Check: Whenever the King is attacked, he is in Check. You should warn your opponent by saying “Check” when you put his King into Check. To get out of Check the player must either: capture the attacking piece; move the King out of danger; or put another piece between the attacking Chess piece and the King to block the atttack ~- note: you can't “block” a Knight that has your King in Check You may never make a move that lets your King be captured by your opponent's next move. -- You may never move into check -- you may never leave your King in check. Checkmate: If you make a move which attacks your opponent's King and the King cannot move without still being exposed to capture, you have won by Checkmate. Resigning and Loss on Time: If your opponent resigns, you win the game, Some games are timed with each player aliowed a set number of minutes to complete a set number of moves. A player who fails to make the required moves within the time limit loses. Drawn Game: A game is drawn when {a) Neither player can Checkmate the other. (b) The players agree to end the game. (©) There is a Stalemate. This happens when a King is not in Check but all available moves lead to Check. (d) Repeat of the same position three times in a row. (e) No capture is made and no pawn is moved for 50 moves - if one player claims a draw.Chess Notation 45 Ranks: The Chess board is made up of 8 ranks (rows). A rank extends from left to right across the board. The ranks are numbered always starting from the white side of the board. Black Black 2 1 a ‘White White ~ 5 This is the 1st rank This is the 2nd rank Here are all 8 ranks numbered 1 through 8 Files: A file extends forward across the chessboard from either the White side to the Black side or from the Black side to the White side. Files are lettered a through h Black Black Black " i : oe a a ae ee L, ae Oy , e Pane ea White > White abcdefgh White _ This is the a file. A This is the b ileny An eR Sample Game Shown With Chess Notation 46 Co a6 GD ARLE mo Re PORE OAH abcdefgnh White Pe4 5 White B c4 abcdefgh White Q nS abcdefgnh Black Pe5 Black N {6 7?47 AN onaare 4, White Q x7! White wins | Checkmate Here is the game again as it would appear in a chess book White Black 1.Pe4 Ped 2.Bod Noé 3.Qh5 Nf6 77 4.Qx{7! Checkmate Note: You can also write Pawn moves without using the letter P. For example: 1 e4. Pawn captures may be written: 7. ex N. Explanation of additional notation terms: X_ means that the piece is taken For example: Q x 7 means the White Queen captures the Black Pawn on {7 in the sample game. 7 means a poor move. For example: Black moving its Knight to 16 while the {7 Pawn was under attack was a poor move in the sample game. | _means a good move. For example: White moved its Queen to f7 capturing the Black Pawn on 7 and Checkmating Black's King, Ch means check + also means check. + means Checkmate. oo means castle to King's side of board. 0-0-0 means castle to Queen side of board.