Hybrid word ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻨﺔ‬

A hybrid word or hybridism is a word that etymologically derives from at least two languages. .‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
Common hybrids ‫اﻟﮭﺠﺎﺋﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬
The most common form of hybrid word in English combines Latin and Greek parts. Since many prefixes and suffixes in English are of Latin or Greek etymology, it is
straightforward to add a prefix or suffix from one language to an English word that comes from a different language, thus creating a hybrid word. Hybridisms were formerly
often considered to be barbarisms. .‫اﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﮭﺠﺎﺋﻦ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻏﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ وأﺧﺮى ﻻﺗﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬
Examples
1. Antacid – from Greek ἀντι- (anti-) 'against' and Latin acidus 'acid'; this term dates back to 1732.
.1732 ‫ ( وﯾﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻰ ﺳﻨﺔ‬acidus:‫ ( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺣﺎﻣﺾ‬anti:‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺿﺪ‬:(‫ﻣﻀﺎد اﻟﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ )دواء‬
2. Aquaphobia – from Latin aqua 'water' and Greek φοβία (phobia) 'fear'; It is distinguished from non-hybrid one hydrophobia, which can refer to symptoms of rabies.
.‫ ( أﺣﺪ اﻋﺮاض داء اﻟﻜﻠﺐ‬hydrophobia:‫ وﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰه ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻨﺔ )رھﺎب اﻟﻤﺎء‬،( phobia:‫ ( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺧﻮف‬aqua:‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﺎء‬:(‫رھﺎب اﻟﻤﺎء )ﻣﺮض‬
3. Asexual – from Greek prefix a- 'without' and the Latin sexus 'sex'. .(sexus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺟﻨﺲ‬a :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺑﺪون‬:(‫ﻻ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ )ﺻﻔﺔ‬
4. Automobile – a wheeled passenger vehicle, from Greek αὐτός (autos) 'self' and Latin mobilis 'moveable'
.(mobilis :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬autos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ذات‬:(‫ذاﺗﻲ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ )ﻋﺮﺑﺔ رﻛﺎب ﻣﺪوﻟﺒﺔ‬
5. Beatnik – a 1950s counterculture movement centered on jazz music, coffeehouses, marijuana, and a literary movement, from English 'beat' and Russian -nik 'one who
does'. The term was coined in 1958 by San Francisco newspaper columnist Herb Caen.
.( -nik:‫ ( واﻟﺮوﺳﻲ )ﻣﺤﺐ‬beat:‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰي )إﯾﻘﺎع‬.(‫ اﻋﺘﻤﺪت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻗﺺ واﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬.20 ‫وﺟﻮدي )ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ظﮭﺮت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ق‬
6. Biathlon – from the Latin bis 'twice' and the Greek ἆθλον (athlon) 'contest'; the non-hybrid word is duathlon
.(duathlon) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(athlon :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬bis :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )اﺛﻨﺎن‬:(‫ﺳﺒﺎق ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ )ﺗﺰﻟﺞ ورﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬
7. Bigamy – from Latin bis 'twice' and Greek γάμος (gamos) 'wedlock'; this term dates back to the 13th century.
.(gamos :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻋﺶ اﻟﺰوﺟﯿﺔ‬bis :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )اﺛﻨﺎن‬:(13 ‫ ﯾﻌﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﻘﺮن‬،‫ﺗﻌﺪد اﻟﺰوﺟﺎت )ﻋﺮف اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
8. Bigram – from Latin bis 'twice' and Greek γράμμα (gramma); the non-hybrid word is digram.
.(digram) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(gramma :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )رﺳﻢ‬bis :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )اﺛﻨﺎن‬:(‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ )ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬
9. Bioluminescence – from the Greek βίος (bios) 'life' and the Latin lumen 'light' .(lumen :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺿﻮء‬bios :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺣﻲ‬:(‫ﺗﻸﻟﺆ ﺣﯿﻮي )ﻋﻠﻮم‬
10. Campanology – from Latin campana 'bell' and Greek -λογία (-logia) 'the study of'
.(-logia :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )دراﺳﺔ‬campana :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺟﺮس‬:(‫اﻟﺠﺮاﺳﺔ )دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮت اﻻﺟﺮاس‬
11. Chiral – from Greek χείρ (kheir) 'hand' and Latin adjectival suffix -ālis. The term was coined in 1894.
.(-ālis) ‫( وﻻﺣﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬kheir :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﯾﺪ‬:(‫ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﯿﺪ‬:‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎظﺮ )ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬
12. Chloroform – from Greek χλωρός (khlōros) 'pale green' (indicating chlorine here) and Latin formica 'ant' (indicating formic acid here). It's first appeared in 1830s.
.1830 ‫( وﻗﺪ ظﮭﺮت ﺗﺴﻤﯿﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺪ‬formica:-‫ﺣﺎﻣﺾ اﻟﻨﻤﻠﯿﻚ‬-‫ ( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﻞ‬khlōros:‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )اﺧﻀﺮ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ‬:(‫ﻛﻠﻮروﻓﺮم )ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ‬
13. Claustrophobia – from the Latin claustrum 'confined space' and Greek φόβος (phobos) 'fear'. This term was coined in 1879.
.1879 ‫ ظﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬.( phobos- :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺧﻮف‬claustrum :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬:(‫رھﺎب اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎز )ﻣﺮض‬
14. Democide – from the Greek δῆμος (dēmos) 'people' and the Latin -cida '-killer' .(cida- :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﺒﯿﺪ‬dēmos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺷﻌﺐ‬:(‫إﺑﺎدة اﻟﺸﻌﺐ )ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬
15. Divalent – from Greek δύο (duo) 'two' and Latin valens 'strong'; the non-hybrid word is bivalent
.(bivalent) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(valens- :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻗﻮة‬duo :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬:(‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ )ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬
16. Dysfunction – from the Greek δυσ- (dys-) 'bad' and the Latin functio. .(functio- :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )وظﯿﻔﺔ‬-dys :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺳﻲء‬:(‫ﺧﻠﻞ وظﯿﻔﻲ )ﻋﻠﻢ‬
17. Eigenvalue– from German eigen 'own' and English of French origin 'value'. ( value:‫ ( واﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰي )ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬eigen:‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ )ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬:(‫ﻣﺘﺠﮭﺔ ذاﺗﯿﺔ)ﻓﯿﺰﯾﺎء‬/ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
18. Electrocution – a portmanteau of electricity, from the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ēlektron), 'amber', and execution, from the Latin exsequere, 'follow out'
.(exsequere :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ēlektron :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺗﯿﺎر‬:(‫اﻋﺪام ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬
19. Eusociality – from the Greek εὖ (eu) 'good' and the Latin socialitas
.(socialitas :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬eu :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺟﯿﺪ‬:(‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ )اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
20. Genocide – From the Greek γένος (genos) 'race, people' and the Latin cīdere 'to kill'
.(cīdere :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻗﺘﻞ‬genos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻋﺮق‬:(‫إﺑﺎدة ﻋﺮﻗﯿﺔ )ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬
21. Geostationary – From Greek γῆ (gē) 'Earth' and the Latin stationarius, from statio, from stare 'to stand'
.(statio :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬gē :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ارض‬:(‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸرض )ﻋﻠﻢ‬
22. Heterosexual – from Greek ἕτερος (heteros) 'different' or 'other' and Latin sexus 'sex'
.(sexus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺟﻨﺲ‬heteros :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬:(‫ﻣﻐﺎﯾﺮة ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺔ )اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
23. Hexadecimal – from Greek ἕξ (hex), 'six', and Latin decimus 'tenth'; the non-hybrid word is sedecimal, from Latin sedecimalis
.(sedecimal) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(decimus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻋﺸﺮي‬hex :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺳﺘﺔ‬:(‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻋﺪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮي )رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬
24. Hexavalent – from Greek ἕξ (hex), 'six', and Latin valens, 'strong' .(valens :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻗﻮى‬hex :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺳﺘﺔ‬:(‫ﺳﺪاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ )ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬
25. Homosexual – from the Greek ὁμός (homos) 'same' and the Latin sexus 'sex'.
.(sexus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺟﻨﺲ‬homos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻧﻔﺲ‬:(‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺔ )اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
26. Hyperactive – from Greek ὑπέρ (hyper) 'over' and Latin activus
.(activus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻧﺸﺎط‬hyper :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻔﺮط‬:(‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط )اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
27. Hypercomplex – from Greek ὑπέρ (hyper) 'over' and Latin complexus 'an embrace'
(complexus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )رﺑﻂ‬hyper :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻔﺮط‬:(‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﻂ )رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬
28. Hypercorrection – from Greek ὑπέρ (hyper) 'over' and Latin correctio
.‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ أو ﻟﻔﻆ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺒﯿﮫ ﺧﺎطﺊ ﺑﺼﯿﻐﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬.(correctio :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬hyper :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻔﺮط‬:(‫ﻓﺮط اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ )رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬
29. Hyperextension – from Greek ὑπέρ (hyper) 'over' and Latin extensio 'stretching out'; the non-hybrid word is superextension
.(superextension) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(extensio :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﻂ‬hyper :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻔﺮط‬:(‫ﻓﺮط اﻟﺘﻤﺪد )ﻓﯿﺰﯾﺎء‬
30. Hypervisor – from the Greek ὑπέρ (hyper) 'over' and the Latin visor 'seer'. This word is distinguished from the non-hybrid word supervisor, which is software that
manages multiple user programs; a hypervisor is software that manages multiple virtual machines
.‫( ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻨﺔ‬supervisor) ‫ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬.(visor :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻧﻈﺮ‬hyper :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻔﺮط‬:‫اﻟﺮؤﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ )ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺎت( ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ دﻣﺞ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎت ﺑﺤﺚ‬
31. Liposuction – from the Greek λίπος (lipos) 'fat' and the Latin suctio 'sucking'
.(suctio :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺷﻔﻂ‬lipos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )دھﻦ‬:(‫ﺷﻔﻂ اﻟﺪھﻮن )طﺐ‬
32. Macroinstruction – from the Greek μακρος (makros) 'long' and the Latin instructio
.(instructio :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت‬makros :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬:(‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت ﺿﺨﻤﺔ )ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬
33. Mattergy – from the Latin materia ('material') and the Greek ἐνέργεια (energeia) 'energy': a " interchangeable matter and energy" Adjectival form: "matergetic".
.(energeia :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )طﺎﻗﺔ‬materia :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﺎدة‬:(‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻤﺎدي اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ )ﻓﯿﺰﯾﺎء‬
34. Mega-annum – from the Greek μέγας (megas) 'large', and the Latin annum 'year'
.(annum :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺳﻨﺔ‬megas :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬:‫ﻣﻠﯿﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ‬
35. Meritocracy – From the Latin meritus 'deserved' and the Greek -κρατία (-kratia) 'government'
.(kratia :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬meritus :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬:(‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﻷﺧﯿﺎر )ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬
36. Metadata – from the Greek μετά (meta) and the Latin data 'given' from dare
.(data :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬meta :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬:‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻔﯿﺔ‬
37. Microinstruction – from the Greek μικρός (mikros) 'small' and the Latin instructio
.(instructio :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت‬mikros :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )دﻗﯿﻖ‬:(‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻖ )ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬
38. Microvitum – from the Greek μικρος (mikros) 'small' and the pseudo-Latin vitum, from vita 'life'
.(vitum :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺣﯿﺎة‬mikros :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )دﻗﯿﻖ‬:‫ﻛﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬
39. Minneapolis – from the Dakota minne 'water' and the Greek πόλις (pólis) 'city'
.(pólis :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬minne :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﺪاﻛﻮﺗﻲ )ﻣﺎء‬:(‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه )ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ‬
40. Monoculture – from the Greek μόνος (monos) 'one, single' and the Latin cultura
.(cultura :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬monos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻔﺮد‬:(‫اﺣﺎدي اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ )اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
41. Monolingual – from the Greek μόνος (monos) 'only' and the Latin lingua 'tongue'; the non-hybrid word is unilingual
.(lingua :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻟﺴﺎن‬monos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﻔﺮد‬:(‫اﺣﺎدي اﻟﻠﻐﺔ )اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
42. Multigraph – from the Latin multus 'many' and the Greek γραφή (graphē); the non-hybrid word would be polygraph, but that is used with a different meaning.
.(polygraph :‫ وھﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ )ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻜﺬب‬.(graphē :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬multus :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻋﺪﯾﺪ‬:(‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد )رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬
43. Neonate – from the Greek νέος (neos), 'new', and the Latin natus 'birth'
.(natus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﻮﻟﻮد‬neos :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬:(‫ﺣﺪﯾﺚ وﻻدة )طﺐ‬
44. Neuroscience – from the Greek νεῦρον (neuron) 'sinew', and the Latin scientia, from sciens 'having knowledge'
.(scientia :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬neuron :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻋﺼﺐ‬:(‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﻋﺼﺎب )طﺐ‬
45. Neurotransmitter – from the Greek νεῦρον (neuron) 'sinew', and the Latin trans 'across' and mittere 'to send'
.(trans :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻋﺒﺮ‬neuron :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻋﺼﺐ‬:(‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ )طﺐ‬
46. Nonagon – from the Latin nonus 'ninth' and the Greek γωνία (gōnia) 'angle'; the non-hybrid word is enneagon
.(enneagon) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(gōnia :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )زاوﯾﺔ‬nonus :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺗﺎﺳﻊ‬:(‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺰواﯾﺎ )ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
47. Oleomargarine – from the Latin oleum 'beef fat' and the Greek margarites 'pearl-like'
.(margarites :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ‬oleum :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )دھﻦ ﺑﻘﺮي‬:(‫اﻟﺴﻤﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ )ﻋﻠﻮم‬
48. Pandeism – from the Greek παν (pan) 'all' and Latin deus 'god'; compare with the non-hybrid word pantheism
.(pantheism) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(deus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )رب‬pan :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻛﻞ‬:(‫اﻟﺘﻮﺣﯿﺪ )دﯾﻦ‬
49. Periglacial – from the Greek περί (perí) and the Latin glaciālis
.(glaciālis :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺟﻠﯿﺪ‬perí :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺣﺪ‬:(‫ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺠﻠﯿﺪ )ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ‬phthj
50. Petroleum – from the Greek πέτρα (petra) 'rock', and the Latin oleum 'oil'
.(oleum :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )زﯾﺖ‬petra :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺻﺨﺮ‬:‫ﻧﻔﻂ‬
51. Polyamory – from the Greek πολύς (polýs) 'many' and the Latin amor 'love'
.(amor :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺣﺐ‬polýs :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻋﺪﯾﺪ‬:(‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد )ﺑﺮﺿﺎھﻢ‬
52. Polydeism – from the Greek πολύς (polýs) 'many' and the Latin deus 'god'; compare with the non-hybrid word polytheism
.(polytheism) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(deus :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )رب‬polýs :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻋﺪﯾﺪ‬:(‫اﺷﺮاك )دﯾﻦ‬
53. Quadraphonic – from the Latin quattuor meaning four and the Greek φωνικός (phōnikós), from φωνή (phōnḗ) meaning sound; the non-hybrid word is tetraphonic
.(tetraphonic) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(phōnikós :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺻﻮت‬quattuor :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ارﺑﻌﺔ‬:‫رﺑﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺨﺎرج اﻟﺼﻮت‬
54. Quadriplegia – from the Latin quattuor 'four' and the Greek πληγή (plēgḗ) 'stroke', from πλήσσειν (plḗssein) 'to strike'; the non-hybrid word is tetraplegia
.(tetraplegia) ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ ھﻮ‬.(plēgḗ :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﺳﻜﺘﮫ‬quattuor :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ارﺑﻌﺔ‬:(‫ﺷﻠﻞ رﺑﺎﻋﻲ )ﻣﺮض‬
55. Sociology – from the Latin socius, 'comrade', and the Greek λόγος (lógos) 'word', 'reason', 'discourse'
.(lógos :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )دراﺳﺔ‬socius :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )رﻓﻘﺔ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
56. Sociopath – from the Latin socius from sociare 'to associate with', and the Greek (-pathes) 'sufferer' from πάθος (páthos), 'incident, suffering, experience'
.(pathes :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻋﻠﺔ‬socius :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )رﻓﻘﺔ‬:‫ﻣﻌﺘﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺎ‬
57. Television – from the Greek τῆλε (tēle) 'far' and the Latin visio 'seeing', from videre 'to see'
.(visio :‫( واﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )رؤﯾﺔ‬tēle :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﺑﻌﯿﺪ‬:‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎز‬
58. Tonsillectomy – from the Latin tonsillae 'tonsils' and the Greek εκτέμνειν (ektémnein), 'to cut out'
.(ektémnein :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )ﻗﻄﻊ‬tonsillae :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻟﻮزﺗﯿﻦ‬:‫اﺳﺘﺌﺼﺎل اﻟﻠﻮزﺗﯿﻦ‬
59. Vexillology – from the Latin word vexillum, 'flag', and the Greek suffix -λογία (-logia), 'study'
.(logia :‫( واﻻﻏﺮﯾﻘﻲ )دراﺳﺔ‬vexillum :‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﻲ )ﻋﻠﻢ‬:‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺮاﯾﺎت‬