HCTOPHYECKA JEMOTPA®HA TPAMHO 3ACEJIBAHE HA 3A (PAHO BLITAPH B BBIITAPHA TIPE3 1878-1945 r. Cnac Tawes Tlpo6semer 3a 3agrpanwunate Gprrapy uM TAXHOTO eqHHe- Hue c ObaTapcKaTa AbpxKaba € U3KNFOUNTEMHO aKTyaseH H MepHoguu4Ho ce ToOcTaBs Ha BRHMAHHeTO Ha WalnaTa oOmfecTBeHocT. B HacTosuyma MaTepwat NOR NOHATHE- To ,,3anrpanwunn GLrrapy“ ce pas6upat Kakro Gparapute B uyxx6una (B nO-rosa- Mata cH Yacr mpecesunu B BecapaGus, Brawxo nu Banat), taxa caro u Te3u Oba Tap, KONTO O6uTaBaT GbrTapcKOTO 3eMIMUIe, HO Mo cTeyenne Ha OGcTOATeENCTBA- Ta OCTABAT H3BLH NOAMTHYECKHTe rpanun Ha Bearapna cneq 1878 r. (raaBHo B Tlomopasua, Cesepna Jlo6pyaxa, Maxezouua u OupuucKa Tpaxua). TpecenmuueckuTe nponecu Ha 3agrpannunn Oparapn KbM Baarapua ca oTGe- JA3aHH B pequla HCTOPH4eCKM JOKyMeHTH MW M3cHemzBaHHa'. Jlo ros MomeHT o6a- ye He ca Gunm oGexT Ha 3ambuGoueHM CaMOCTOATEIHM aHaNM3H NO OTHOWeHNE Ha KOUMYECTBEHHTe H3MepeHMA Ha MpecemHMyeCcKHA NOTOK. EXMHCTBEHO B HAKOH Kpa- eBeqcKu myOAHkalMA MoraT Ja ce HaMepaT No-nogpo6un JaHHH. Kato uso o6a- ue JMMCBa Iba KAPTHHa 3a WANOCTHOTO MpOTMYaHe Ha MpecerHMdecKHA MpoLec, He Ca pasrleqanH MexaHH3MUTe H HOPMaTHBHaTa 6a3a, KOHTO Ce M3MOsI3BAaT 3a CO- WHaHOTO H CTOMaKCKO ycTpoiisane Ha Gexanuute. Tlopagu ToBa 20 TO3H MOMCHT He ¢ Jae TOYCH OTTOBOp 3a PonsATa M MACTOTO Ha MpecemmunTe ce y Hac 3amrpa- HMYHH ObnrapH B CTOMAHCKOTO, KYATYpHOTO u O6ulecTBeHO-MOMMTHYECKOTO pas- BaTne na Banrapua. B xpas wa 1876 4 HayanoTo Ha 1877 r. m0 Bpeme Ha MocnanBuecKata Kontbe- peruusa B Llapurpay e paspadoTen mpoekT 3a aBTOHOMMA Ha Bearapna. Ha 3 Mapr 1878 r. cprnacno Canctedanckua MHpel JOroBop ce BE3CTAaHOBABAa He3aBMCH- Mmocrta Ha Bearapua. VB aBata cnyyad MOmMTMYeCKHTe TpaHHUH Ha Banrapus 20 TONAMa CTeneH Ce JOOMMKaBAT JO OVEPTAHMATA Ha AMOUe3a Ha Cb3AaReHAaTa Upes 1870 r. Bearapcxa exsapxus. Ha nposenua ce of 13 ronn yo 13 ron 1878 r. Bepmmuckn xourpec HoBoocnobo- AeHaTAa NDpxKaBa € pasilOKECaHa Ha HAKONKO YacTH, Kato CepepHa HoSpymxa Bauza B cpctasa Ha Pympuua, Ha Cpp6ua e mpenocrasena Tlomopanusa, Maxexonna uw On- 'Tonopos,F. Jeinocrra na ppemensoro pycko ynpaanenue B Bearapua no ypexaane na arpapims Gexanckua punpoc npex 1877-1879 r. — Meropuweces: npersen, 1955, 6p. 6, c. 44; Cenckocronan- cxo nacransnane Ha Gexanuure. C., 1932, ¢.59;Koca res, T. Bexaucknar spnpoc Bunrapus crea Tpuara cevonna nojina 1919-1932, (auceptauna), C., 1976, c. 263; Bp aa no, T. Bonrapexire Geraint ot Tpaxia. — Visnectus 1a THH, 1965, xn. 1; 1970, xu. 2 x xp. 2Peuaguen,P. Boxamre ave Bapuencko 1878-1909. C., 1998: Taw € 2, C. Maxenonns n mutia- aoro wa rpan Teucepa. Heuepa, 1994; Hono a, P. Kem nbmpoca 2a Sexxannre 0 Byprackn oxp’sr mpes 1920-1923 r. — Misnecrna ria HA, r. XXL, 1971, 137-153; Ko ca te p, T. Hactaniapanero na 6e- aeanmure p Byprackn oxper (1919-1932). — Mcropusecku nperaes, 1975, 6p. 2, 57-69 4 ap. 2 Hacenesme — 1/2000 r. 17puucxa Tpakua ca BbpHaTa Ha Oromanckata ummepus, a obnactra M3rouna Py- Mea Ce TON3Ba C OcOGeH cTaTyT. Taka cb3qaIMTe Ce HOBH rpaHHL pasnoKBcBar HOWMTMYECKH GErapckaTa Hala M MPOBOKMPaT CepHO3HO HEZOBONCTBO. Ha teputopuata Ha Kumxectso banrapus u Vsrouna Pymesma ce ch3mabat KOMUTETH ,,ERBHCTBO“, a BLB BLpHaTHTe Ha OcManckaTa HMMepus 3eMH u36yxBa Kpecnencko-Pa31oxKoTo BLcTanne. Cuem HeroBoro NoTymazane 3arousaT WEp- BUTE NO-3HATMTeIHH MpecemBanna KEM Bpsrapua. KommuectBennte HaMepenua Ha GexkaHCKHa MOTOK mpe3 1878—79 r. He ca ZOGpe mpoysenu. Cnopey HAKOM nyOmH- kauun Hag 30 000 gym GexanyM OT BLCTaHamuTe paiioHH HaMUpaT MpHeM u cc sacenpaT mpu crourte Sparta b Krocrenzun, Jynuuua, Camoxos, Cooua, 3naTana B MHOro Xpyru cenuma B Kusxectso Basrapua’*. [[pyra apropa cmsrat, ye 40 kpaa na 1879 r. y Hac wqBaT oxono 100 000 Gexannn’. Ipecesauaeckuat mpobmem He CTOH caMo Ha BHMMaHHeTO Ha OburapcKata oOmecTBeHocT. Kym Hero mposBa- BaT MHTepec M pelula vyxYecTpanAu Buniomatu. Cnopen OpatancKua KoHCcy. B Oxpux Eamsart Kansepr camo 3a nepuoga of 28 centemapu 40 9 HoemBpu 1878 r. or Ogpuxckua Bunaet B Mstouna PyMenua u Kamxectso Banrapua ce nactans- pat 20 222 aymmu’. Tpa6za na ce oTuuTa (baxTST, Ye HO-romaMaTa 4acT OT GexaH- uuTe, CiIeg Lameva OT TYpCKHTe BuAaCTH aMHMCTHA M OSelaHHA 3a OcBOGOKMaBANe OT AaHbUM 3a HepHOg OT TPH TOAMHH, Ce 3aBPbUAT NO pogHHTe cH MecTa‘. B 3Hak Wa NpOrecr MpoTus pa3noKbcRaneTO Ha GburapcKaTa HalMs WEpBUTe GparapcKH WapowHM NpekcTaBHTeIH OTKABAT Ja 3aOUHAT CBOATA paboTa B CBH- KaHOTO B TppHoso Ha 10 despyapu 1879 r. Yapenuremxo chOpanue’. Eyza B Haua- SOTO Ha MapT Nog HaTHcKa Ha BemmKuTe cum 3anouBaT paboTHuTe 3aceqaHua 1 ua 16 anpun 1879 r. ce mpuema TppHoscKata KoHcTuTyuNA. B IbpBuTe 3aceqanHa ua Yupenurenvoto chOpanve uma enyTaTH OT 3emuTe, Ble31M B ChCTaBa Ha Kus- xectBo Banrapus, a cbito taxa or Marowwa Pymenus, Maxeyonus, Do6pymxa, Becapa6usa 1 Momopasus’. Txpvonckata KOHCTHTYUMA € MEpBHAT GbnTapcKM WEpRaBeH NOKyMeHT, KOii- TO B chbepaTa Ha LYXOBHOTO eMMHeHHe permaMeHTHpa BsaMMOeHCTBHeTO Ha Tbp- wkaBaTa CBC 3anrpanuaHute Gpurapu. Un. 37 pernamentupa ocobeHoTo nosOxKeHHe ua Banrapcxata npasocstasna mepxea: ,,Tocnoxcrsyrowa 8 BarrapcKoTo KHsKeC- TBo bapa e [Ipasocaapno-XpuctuaucKata or Mstowo n3smosenanne*. Un. 39 noc- TaBA B MpaKa 3asuMcuMocT OssrapcKaTa ABpxaza u Exsapxuara: ,,BbarapcKoTo KESKECTBO OT IbPKOBHA CTPaHa, KaTO ChCTABAABa euHa HepasmemHa Yact oT Bpn- TapcKaTa IWbpKOBHAa OOMACT, NOqYMHABa ce Ha Ca, Cunog — Bapxosnara ayxoBHa Buact wa BesrapckaTa UbpKBa, JeTO M Ha ce HaMupa Tas BuacT*. Tlopagu (paxta, 4e Tepntopuata Ha OenrapcKaTa WEp%kaBa He ChBMAMA C MMO- me3a Ha Baarapcxata Ex3apxna, kakro OburapcKuTe NoLaHMUn, Taka w O6rproxsa- HoTO ot Ex3apxnata wacenenue 8 Matouna Pymenus, Maxeyouua u Tpakusa uMaT MACHTHIHM L{PKOBHH MOKYMEHTH KATO KPBIEIHM CBU TETeACTBA, BCHYATHM CBYIIe- 2 oii wo p, I Kpecnenceo-Pasnoxxoro auctanne 1878-1879 r. C., 1993, c. 79. “Toaopon,1. Jeknoctra a spementioto pycxo ynpanaenie B Buarapna no ypexnane tia arpapuas 4 Gexancxna spnpoc npes 1877-1879 r. — Hctopwueckn npernen, 1955, 6p. 6, c. 44 > Bpwraniex aumnomaruueckn doxyMelstH no GosrapcKHa HauMonanen Bunpoc 1878-1893, r. I, 1993, ©. 41-48, ‘Kp # 408, B, Morysane no gonnsure na Crpyma, Mecra « Bperanmuua. Ha6pan npowssenenus, 1. 1, C., 1970, ¢. 333; Maxeaonua, Etuorpadua # crarucraxa. Ms6pana nporssenenna, t. If, C., 1970, c. 312. 7 Boarapcku KOnCTHTYLHH 4 KOHCTHTYIMOHAH MpoeKrH. C., 1990, c. 20. * Panes, C. Crponrenwe a ceapemesna Boarapua, C., 1990, c. 48. 18TeNCTRA H AP., KO“TO TO ToBa BpeMe Ce M3HONsBaT OT OETApCKaTa WeprKaBHa an- MMHMCTpalas. Ha dona wa cpxpanenoto nyxoBHo egMHcTBO Ha GbarapcKata Haus, HeTlOC- PeACTBEHO Cie] BESCTAHOBABAHETO Ha HesaBucuMoctTta Ha benrapua mpes 1878 r. ce HaOmonapatT pexua MKOHOMMYECKH 3aTpyTHeHMA M MBpBHTe TIpUsHaNM Ha [e- MOMy1ayHA B YaCT OT ObATApCKHTe 3eMH, KOETO Ce MPOABABA B ,,3HaAYATEMHO HaMa- Jspane Ha nasapa c nonmTHyeckoTo o6ocobasane Ha Bearapaa mM MacoBoTo emur- pupaHe Ha TypcKoTO Hacemenne“’. 3a 3HauMMOCTTAa Ha MIpeceMHMYeCKHTe Mpoecu kbM Typuua Ha GpnrapcKutTe Typ M MpexcTaBuTemuTe Ha ApyrH HapogHocTH, W3NOBATBALIM HCIAMa, KpaCHOPCYMBO TOBOpAT OCpeAHeHMTe WaHHH, Ye MHEC B Typuna oKuBeat oxono | 000 000 nyu, unnTo KopexH ca oT Baarapua’?. Ocsen Sop6aTa 3a OTCTOMBaHE Ha AYXOBHOTO eMMHCTBO Ha OBJTapcKata Ha- Uva, BnacTra B CobMa npaBM ONMTH H 3a CbXpaHABAHE Ha CTOMAHCKOTO EMHECTBO B paMkHTe Ha 6burapcKOTo 3emMAMUIe. 3a TasH Wem Ha OcHOBanHe 4. 23 oT Bepruuc- KM ZOrOBOp, KOHTO NpeABMKTa M3BECTHA ABTOHOMUA Ha MakeMOHCKMTe M Tpa- KWHCKHTe NpOBMHTMH B TypuuA, C yxa3 oT 7 romM 1879 r. ce pasnopexkna ,,umBAanH- Te oT PyMesMa M MakeHOBCKHTe NPOBMHUMH CTOKM C MeCTeH IPOHSXOL Ja ce myc- kar 6e3 MUTO, HOKaTO THa OT OCTaHamuTe YacTH Ha Typos naiaxa 8% Muto“. Tlo Tou HawMH ObITapcKHTe THPTOBIM OT Te3M 3EMM Morar [1a pasBUBaT CBOGOL- HM KOHTAKTH C ObITapCKOTO KHSKECTBO, KOeTO KATO HATO OKA3BA NONORUTEMHO BAMAHMC BEPXy OTCTOMBAHETO Ha O_NrapCKOTO HApOZHOCTHO 4yBCTBO B Esponefi- cxa Typ. Zlenonysamuata na vact or GbsrapcKuTe 3emu TpeBoxkU GErapcKoTo mpaBu- TeNCTRO M CTaBa NpHunHa 3a WpHemanero c YKa3 No 222 or 20 mait 1880 r. Ha mp- BHA NO pona cl 3aKoH 3a HaCeMABaHe Ha HeHacemeHuTe 3emu B Barapa’. Cnopen un. 1 of ropecnomenartua 3akon ,,[1o BcHukHTe HeHaceseHn (mpasqHM) 3emu B Baa- Tapusa MOrbT fa ce 3acensBaT.. Gbarape OT 4 KAM 3eMM, KOUTO CH 3AHHMAaBAT C 3eMMeenve HM CKOTOBbICTBO". 3a HacbpyaBaHe Ha NpecemHuYeCKHA Npouec Ce pas- paGoTsar IbpBuTe MaTepHasHM CTMMYJIM M JaHbYHM M MuTHUYECKH OOmeKYeHMS. Cosrmacno un. 5 ,,Ha mpecenennute, cnopes 4YHCHOTO Ha 4eHOBETE B CeMeHCTBOTO M ChCTOAHHeTO UM, CA Haba HyKMHATA 3eMA HW HM CH NO3BONABA Ha OTCEKbT HeOO- XOQUMHUT MaTepHan (ropa) 3a MocTpoeHHe 2KMBENHINa H 3eMJeMEMYECKH OPHAUA 63 MuTo OT ropH, KONTO Lie HM ToKaxe TIpasurencrBoto. Ha enHo cemelictTso nye ca aBa 3a 3acenenue u O6paboTBanbe 3eMs, ChOOpa3HO C YMCHOTO Ha YeHOBeTe MY, M Ka¥ecTBOTO Ha 3eMaTa, OT 30—60 mtoHIOMa* , a TaKOx RE H Cbpa3MepHo Macu- ie 3a ckoTOBeTe HM“. Un. 7 npexBwxK ya, Ye ,, MpecemeHuMTe Me CA MON3yBAT OT Ta- qewata uM 3ema Ge3 Ja MMaT MpaBo Aa A NpowaBaT WIM 3anaraT B pacToaHHe Ha 10 roquuu, u camo Cilen MCTHYAHbETO Ha TOA CPOK, We CTaHAaT CBM HeitHM MpUTe- xatenu“. Cnoper un. 8 ,,.npecenenmute ca ocRoGoOmaBAT OT eMIAKET* * HW NeCATE- KB OT €]Ha 40 Tpu TORMHH, CHeX MpeceasBaHbeTo uM. ToxpuyHMHata, CKoTOBeTe MW SEMNCKENYCCKHTC WH 3AHAXTYMVCKH OpbAMA, KOMTO HoCHBT Ha cebe CH Mpece- HeHUUTe NIpH BINBsaHeTO cH B Benrapus, cb ocBoSoeNH OT MHTO“. OcoGeHo Bax- °Bo6uen,a-p K. Mpommunena nonwtaxa. C., 1932, c. 40. "© Buarapus pes apagecer k wsped vex. BosrapcKa Haunowanwa ROKTpHHA, BTopa wacrT. C., 1998 Fr... 38. "YU ona kon, A. Teproaceure xorovops: wa Besrapia or 1897 acam. — Cricanne Ha 6batr. AKON. a-20, VI, 1902, c. 86-87. 2 TIepaanen sectnax, ronuua I, 6p. 46, Copus, 31 mali 1880 r. * Oxono 30-60 xa. “+ Exuiak — nanrbk pypxy snaeene Ha 3emara. 19HO @ 3Ha4¥cHHeTO Ha 4m. 9: ,,.BowaKH npeceneHuH UIOM Cb npecesmaT B Benrapus ca cuntat 3a 6barapcKH nozannuM.* 3Ha4ueHMeTO Ha pueTus 3aKoH 3a HacesIBaHe Ha HeHaceseHuTe 3emu B Basra- pus e orpomno. Toii 3a nEpBH MET B MCTOpHaTa Ha ObArapCKOTO 3aKOHOMATeNCTBO pasriexga mpoOmemute Ha GprrapcKOTO NomaNcTBO uM NpekBwxKya NOAKperia OT cTpana Ha Wp%kaBaTa BEPXy Mpoueca Ha Tpaitno 3acenBane Ha sanrpanManH 6n.A- Tap B Bbsrrapua. B xpas ua 1880 r. Hapognoto ce6panne mpuema nEpBus 3aKou 3a GpnrapcKo- To nNogaucTBo. To cbulo NpexBHKa OONeKYeH pexHM 3a MpHAOOuDaNe Ha MO- HaHCTBO OT Crpava Ha Beye Ipecenwmute ce 8 Bunrapwa sagrpanninn Gpurapu. Cermacuo un. 3 ,,BCHYKH OHM KOMTO Cb ce H3cenHIH H3 Typuua mo Mpuynna na BoiivaTa ¥ Cb Ce 38CeNMM B TepHTopHaTa Ha BamrapcxoTo Kuaxecrso npezu o6- HapOABAHeTO Ha TO3H 3aKOH, CMeTAT ce GasIrapcKH NoAaHKUH Ge3 HAKOE Apyro yc- sloBHe™. 3aKoHET 3a NOgaHcTBOTO oT 1880 r. OGade He npexBUxKAa OcoGeHH OOneK4e- HUA 3a 3acesBaluTe Ce B CTpanaTa sanrpanuunu OnsrapH cuek HeTOBOTO BIM3AHe B cana. Tas € efHa OT NpuYMHUTe, KOsTO TIpes 1883 r. Hatara MpHeMaHETO Ha HOB 3aKkon 3a 6bnrapcKoTo nogancTso". B Hero ca OTCTpaHeHM penHlla HeyocTaTLyH Ha CTapHa 3aKoH, Taxa Hampumep cErnacuo 4m. 11 ,,BCaKO MMe ¢ 4yxXTO NonaHCTBO, Ho oT Banrapcxo mponsxoxnenue, Moxe qa W06ue BmrapcKo MosaHCTEO, WOM ce a3acenn B Kusaectsoro m ane 3anByeHHe, 4e HaMepeHueTO My e Ma UMa MeCcTOXKH- TesICTBOTO CH B Mpexenute ua Bynrapua. Toit npyo6usa KayecTBoTO Ha Opnrapc- KH MOZaHHK NODUp KaTo ce OTKAxKe OT MOMAHCTBOTO, KoeTO HMA, CHopex HelicTBy- YOUWMTe 3aKOHH Ha CTpaHaTa, OT MOLaHCTBOTO Ha KOATO UcKa Aa ce OcBObOgH*. Tpouectt na npugoGusane na OpnrapcKo rpaxnancTBo ce o6meKuaBa u OT dakra, Ye B ALpAaBHaTa aMMHMCTpAaUMA Ce M3MOM3BAT PenMIa MOKYMeHTH, KOTO ce H3qaBaT OT pesMrMosHUTe HHCTUTYHHMA B Bynrapus. Taxa HanpHMep CBErmacno 3akona 3a 3aGenesBanue paxklayuata, xKeHHMOWTe H yMupaHMatTa B Kusxectao Baurapya, ce ChcTaBAT akTOBe, KOTO Ce BIMCBaT B CHeNMaTHO NpHroTBeHH O6- INMHCKH peructpu"’. Cyrnacno un. 8 Bb3 OCHOBA Ha BHMCBAHUATA B Te3H perucTpu PeHHSrHOSHHTe MHCTUTYHMM M3BEPIIBAT CLOTBETHUTE peMUTHO3HH O6penM M H3ya- BaT CBMMeTeMCTBa 3a CBETO KPBUIeHe, CBUeTeEICTRa 34 OpakocLueTaHHe HM Ap. 10- kyMentH. JloxomKoTo oGaye x0 1947 r. ubpKBaTa He e OTeNeHa OT WLpxaBaTa, 3a0T- panuunute Oparapn, o6rpwxsana oT BasrapcKata MpaBocnasHa UbpKBa, HMaT MeH- TWHHM NOKyMcHTH c OprrapcKuTe nomaHMM, OGrpwKBaHM OT ChIlaTa HHCTUTY WHA 8 Bsnrapua'’, Ocsew Tosa upe3 BenrapcKata ek3apxua ce MOAAEpxKa enHHHa 06- pasonaTemHa CHCTeMa C MO-TomsAMaTa ¥aCT OT 3anrpanMunHTe GEmrapu, KoeTo ¢ mpennoctaska 3a G_p3aTa alanraiua Ha Tpaiino sacemumute ce B Bumrapua. TloxazaTenuo e, ¥e ¢ IpuemaveTo Ha FOpHHTe 3aKOHH 3am0¥Ba ENMH MOCTOA- HeH Nponec Ha npecemBane B Baarapua. [IpeqnoctapKu 3a ToBa ca Hal\MOHasIHOOC- soSomuTensuTe GpoxeHua cpex Gbarapute 8 Maxeyouns u Tpaxus. Cnopen Ba- cut Kpxyos ,,npe3 1880-85 r. 8 [ape naanuna BcaKo AsTO MMalle COABCKBaHHA Mexay 6burapckH deTH M TypuuTe. OT ToBa NocTpamaxa MOTO cesia HM 10-3aMox- HUTE C€AHA Ce MIpeCes#Xa B KHAXKECTBOTO IPH NEpBa BL3MOXHOCT*"”, 3a Maita6u- 'S Tepxazen secrunx, ron. I, 6poit 94, Copia, 20 nexemapu 1880 r. Tropaanen nectinx, romutia V, poi 26, Codus, 8 mapr 1883 r. 's Trepxaen necrnax, 6poii 6, Copia, 11 smyapn 1893 r. ‘* Enea npes 1947 r. curnacho 42. 78 or Koncrittyunata na Hapoana Peny6mka Buarapan “wapxoara © oTReseHa OT AEp:xKaBATA”. "KH 408, B, Maxeaonna, Ernorpabus 4 craticruxa. Ma6panx npowsvenenns, rll. C., 1970, ¢. 312. 20Te Ha NpecemHH4ecKkHaA Mpouec roBOpsAT AaNHUTe OT O*uNMAaNHUTe NpeOposBanua'*. Taxa nanpuMmep mpe3 1888 r. 6post Ha mpecenunute ce GpnrapH oT TepuTopuHTe na Enponeiicxa Typuma e 54 462, a npes 1893 r. Te Beye crasat 66 971 nym. To- rouAMaTa YacT OT TAX 2KHBeRT B Comuiicku, Kiocrenzuackn, [Tnoaguscku u Bap- HeRCKH OKp43u. [IpecenBaneTo nopnmasa OnaronpHATHO BLpxy AemorpadcKuTe xapakTepHcTHKH Ha peqnia Opurapcku cemuula u craGunM3upa B eTHOrpadcKO oTnourenue GnarapcKua enemexT. Taka Hampumep mpe3 1893 r. Coban 3aeqHO c Tlonyane 6pou 46593 xuTemM, OT KOUTO 7670 ca npecenenu oT Maxezounsa”. [pes 1880 r. Bapra uma 23 500 xuTemm, oT kouTo Obmrapure ca 6721 wr 27 % oT Hace- aennero. [pes 1888 r. HeiinoTo Hacenenue e 25 000, kato Ghnrapure ca Beye 20 000 nm 80%”. Tlogo6nn TeuzenuMn ce Ha6momaat B pequua ObarapcKH rpazoBe xaTo Xagoxuorny-Tasapaxxuk (aHec Jlo6pxy), Camuctpa, Maosgus, Cranumaxa (auec Acenosrpaa) u ap.7'. TIpeceruaute ce 8 Baarapua Gnarapn ce peanusupar ycnemmo B mpodecuo- namo oTHOUIeHHe. Taka HanpHMep or 20 509 nEpxKaBRM YAMHOBHMNN Npes 1896 r. 955 nym ca ponenu B Maxenonua, a or Tax 150 ca ObnrapcKn obuuepu™. Mpes ToO3H MepHoy ce 3aGesa3BaT mpecenenua Ha Gecapa6cku Opnrapu B Baarapus, Kou- TO ce HaACTaHABaT B CBOMTe HCTOpMYecKH MocemMMAa HAM O1M30 20 Tax, Moro6un UpeceNewHs KEM KHAKECTBOTO Ce HaOmORaBaT u oT CezepHa JoOpymxa, Banat 1 Homopasus”, MpwaypwxnaneTo Ha OrTpoMHM MaCH 3agrpaHHaHH 6birapu KEM Ben- TapHsl BOAH AO TAXHOTO BKMHOUBAHE B CTOMAHCKaTa HW COWMaNHATa CTpyKTypa Ha oSurectsoTo. Cipava € TeHTeHUHATA KbM CaslaHe Ha YOBELIKHA ToTeHMaN 1 3a- Touba O6paTHHAT Mpouec Ha HeroBOTO HapacTBale, KOeTO ce OTpasaBa Saaronpn- STHO BLpXy HKOHOMHYCCKOTO pa3BHTHe Ha CTpaHata. Tipes nocneguute 20 roqnuu na XIX b. cpex GburapcKutTe 3anrpaHH4EH OOuI- HOCTH He ce HabmonaBaT pesKn ceTpeceuua. Jlopn TaknBa CepHo3sHM pa3kpuTHA B GenrapcKoTo HayuMoHaNHOocRObogMTeNHO WBWKEHHe B Makeyouua mu Tpakus, no- poaui u3sBecruuTe Bunuurka u Crpymumixa adepa or 1897 r., mpoBoxupar orpa- HHYeHH rpynoBy w3cerBanus oT 30 no 300 symm. Equnwuna npecenumuecka BBI- Ha ce HaOstogaba oT Tlomopasua mpe3 1885 r. cneg w3TermaHeTo Ha ObarapcKuTe Boiicku or rp. Umpor. [Ipecerunynte ce HacTanaBat riaBKo B Llapu6pon”. Jo na- yanoto Ha XX 8. Besrapua ycriemmo ycnsapa Ja mpwema ymepen npecemmmgecku MOTOK M yciaBa Ja rapaHTHpa XOMOFeHHOCTTa Ha CBOCTO HaCeNeHHe, KOTO € BUL- HO OT CneqHNTe NaBH”: “Capa doa,M.K. Haceneunero s Kumxecrso Bunrapua no Tpute nvpan npe6possanna. — Hepn- ogKuecko cnucanne Ha BusrapcKoTo KHWxKOBHO ApyxecTBo, ron. IX, KH. XIE, c. 28. °K y04 08, B. Maxegonna. Ernorpadua u cratacruxa, Ms6panu npowanenenus, rll, C., 1970, c. 314. ® Bapuencen o6umucKn BectHMK, Op. 8, Bapua, 3 anput 1889 r. ™Pa6e, I. 3uauenwe na Hopute 3acensaHus W OBH KANHTANH 3a HKONOMMHECKOTO pasBHTHe Ha Beste rapa. Ho6puu, 1903 r.; Haare kononuctu, C., 1902. » Pesyntaru or npeOpoapanero 1a A>pAABAHTe HHHOBHAUH H cAYKOAILH B KHmMKECTBOTO Bunrapua Ha 1-H mapr 1896, C., 1897 r., c. 120. 3 Tkppoxanent apxue Bapuia, . 849 x, a.e. 50, 2. 1 > "Hapoana 6xOmorexa “Kupun u Metoanit”, Bunrapcxu ucropuyeckn apxnp, & 14, a.e. S11, 1.18; ae. 1642, 1. 6—7 > Maxegonma 1 Oupunexo (1893-1903). Memoap 11a BLTpeumara opranusauua, Corsa 1904, c, 24, 28 n 56 % TIupotcxust oxper # ueroBoro nacenenne, BuSnuotexa “anazuu noxpaiinunn”, 1993, c. 7 7T a 6e, 1. 3navenue ha HOBHTe 3aceMBIHHA H NOB KANMTAsK 3a HKOHOMHYECKOTO pasBHTHe Ha Bua- rapna. Ho6pus, 1903 r.; Buy e a, I. Jo6pyaxa s o6uyua Kombauxt wa unTepect, C., 1919. 21Toana Baarapa Typun Upyru BonuKo Bpok % Spoii % Spoit % 1881 | 2.027 241 68 778 549 26 177159 6 | 2982949 1900 | 2887 684 17 643 253 17 213 346 6 | 3744 283 B nayanoto wa XX B. ce 3a0e93Ba aKTUBM3Hpane Ha HalMOHaTHOOCBOOOmH- temuute 6op6u B Maxenouns m Onpuncko. IIpe3 1902 r. u36yxBa orpaHuyeHoTo m0 cBouTe pasMepx opromxymaiicko Bbctanue. Crem HeropoTo noryniapaHe M3BeC- rex 6poi Sexanyu ce HacranasaT B benrapus. Cnopex yoxnaga wa C. Uanpaum- KOB ZO MAHHcTBp-npezcenatena C. anes camo B Uynunmxus 4 PucKkns peruon uma Hay 1000 ayumi 6exanun™. Cnopex Xpucro CunaHos o6umar 6poii ua mpece- sunute ce e Hay 3000 yum. 3a TaxHoTo ycrpoiisane B Bbarapua MunucrepcKu- AT ChBeT ny6smkyBa Yxa3 447 oT oxToMBpH 1902 r., ¢ KoiiTo paspemiasa Ha Munuc- TepcTsoTo Ha @uHancuure ya oTnycue 50 000 mB. 3a Mocpellane wa Hali-HeoTI0%- HATe HYKIN Ha TpuwxKnanmte Sexannn”. Ore no-romama e o6age GexaHcKaTa BLIHa Cmey MOTyulaBaneTo Ha Mnungen- CKOTO BECTaHHe Irpes 1903 r. Ha 2 cenremapu 1903 r. Munucrepcrsoro Ha BBT- pelmmHute paSotn w3mpama oxpbxHO Ne 4055 yo BCHYKA OKPLXHM ypaBHTenH B crpanara: ,,OT eaHa TommHa HacaM B KxsxkecTBOTO MOCcTOsHHO IIpHWKTAaT GexaH- uv oT Maxegoxusa ORpHHCKO, KOHTO ce cHacaBaT OT MpecmeqBaHMaTa Ha TypOu- te. Iipe3 nocnegumte mBa Mecetla YCNOTO Ha OexKAaHIMTe ce yBeMM4YM C OKOTO 20 000 nyum... Tlosetero or Tax ca 6e3 HHKAKBH CpeXCTBa 3a CbIeCTByBaHe... 3aTO- Ba KakTO AbpKawBaTa, Taka M MeCTHOTO HaceseHHe Ce TpuxKH 3a MpexpaHata, o6mH- waHeTO H HacTaHaBaHeTo uM... Ho Tail KaTO BPBIIaHeTO NO cemaTa UM € HeMMCIIM- MO..., YMONABAT Ce NpOwWe, OKPHHUTe yNpaBMTeIM Wa CbUelicTBaT C OKa3BaHE Ha nomouy*." TIpes To3u Nepwox TEpxKABHUTe BIACTH NpaBAT MPBUTE ONMTH 3a pe- ructpupane Gexanuute c wen MaaHMpane Ha HeobxonHMaTa puHAaHcoBa NOMOLL. Tipaxtuxata o6ate nokasza, ¥e w3BecTeH Spoil GexaHuH ca ce HAaCTaHMIM MIpH CBOM POLHHHH, pequmEH npecennuun. pyri, KOTO ca BSC AKTHBHO YY¥aCTHe BBB BECTAHMCTO, He KeMaAT Ma WpemayayT cRoeTO Opbxkve M NopayM Ta3H NpwuwHa He 2KeMasT fa ce peructpupaT”. Cnopegx Memoapst na BMOPO, o6o6manany nannn- ve Mo Kpas Ha 1903 r., 8 Baarapua ce upecenpat or Makegouua u Tpaxus 4567 cemefictsa num 22 410 nynm, 6875 nyu, npBcHaTH 43 CTpaHata B pa3meneHn ce- Melictsa u 715 symm equununn Sexanuu, wi oOuro 30 000 nym. Tlepuogst or 1904 go 1912 e orHocurenHo cnoxKoeH, KoeTO € mpeaMocTaBKa 9a ycroKombane Ha npecenuMyeckusa mporec. C ma6yxBaHeTo Ha OaskaHcKuTe BOi- nu mpe3 1912-1913 r. ce Ha6mogaBa HOBa GexKaHCKa BHA, HENO3HATA O TO3H MOMEHT NiO cpouTe pasMepu. JaHHuTe 3a MpecemeHuaTa OT TO3M MepHog ca OTHO- CHTeTHO TOUHU, KATO ObArapCKUTe NpeleHKH MOUTH BHNATH CLBNaaT c TesH Ha ayxgectrpannnte Habmogatem. Kem 12 cenremspu 1913 r. mpegctasutemute Ha Kapnernenata aukeTHa KOMHCHA JaBaT cHeqHaTa HAdopMauua: ,,Komucusta 110- # Llewtpanen: xppxanen cropauecki apxna, &. 176, on. 1, a.¢. 1643, 2. 202-206. * Cuna nob, Xp. OcaoSoautennure Gop6x Ha Maxegonua, t. I. C., 1933, ¢. 179. © Teepaxanen pectinx, 6p. 269, Copus, 10 nexemapu 1902 r. TAB. ob. 78 x, a.c. 5, 1. 90. *Pewaanes, I. Bexaruure spo Bapwencko (1878-1908). C., 1998, c. 45. ® Maxegouns w Oxputicxo (1893-1903). Memoap Ha nptpeumata opranmanns. C., 1904, c. 254. 22CeTM MHOro MecTa, KbueTO BpeMeHHO ce Gaxa HacTaHHaM upecennmuu: Joxymas, Camoxos u up. Cropex mpaBuTecTBenuTe M3uNCAeHHs, uMano € no 111 560 mpe- CeMHMMH, KONTO 6axa HamMepuin yOexume B Bpnrapusa. Te Oaxa pasnpemenenu Ha 5-8 oxomuu. Mexay Tax umaue oxox0 50 000 ayumi oT onMA MecTHOCTH B Maxejo- HUA, KONTO MpHHataexat cera Ha CppOna unum D'epuns; camo 2400 ca ce BbpHanu 10 pozHuTe cu Mecta. Oxox10 30 000 Gaxa HouINM OT ORe3H YacTH Ha Tpakua, ocTa- Has OQ TypcKo Baageene.“* Hesasucumo OT npukmoywanero Ha Mexaychro3nmyeckata BOiiHa, MpecesHM- YeCKHAT NOTOK He CitMpa 20 Kpaa Ha 1913, a nponDmxKaBa uM npes 1914 vw 1915 r. Taka Hampumep B Kpad Ha cenTemapu Opoat wa Gexanuute oT Maxenouua cnopex AMePHKaHCKH H3TOUHMN HarxBbpia 100 000 nyu. Kam 22 nexemppu 1913 r. npecenunuure or Ustouna Tpaxusa gocturar 51 427, uu 3a Tpw Mecella TexHuaT 6poii ce e ysemmuun c Hag 21 000 zaymm™. C amw3aneTo B cua Ha TypcKO-6barap- ckKMa ZoroBop, cKmroueH B Llapurpag npe3 1913 r., npaxTHyecku BcHUKH ObarapH, okuBeentu B Astouna Tpakua, ce npecempat B Benrapusa’’. B cayyaa craBa BEMpoc 3a HaceneHMe, KOeTO CbrmacHo Mpe6posBaneto oT 1878 r. e Guo 147 857 zyum*. Cnopeg MemopanayMa Ha ,,BpnrapcKaa Hapozen KOMHTeT“, H3mpaTen Ha 1] Mait 1915 r. go Benuxute cunm, ,,nam 150 000 Gbarapu ca nporonenu oT pomHuTe UM orHuma* » Maxeyonna”. [pes Tosa nepvog 3aouwa M MpecemHMecKOTO WByKe- uve of FOxna Jo6pyaxa kbM Baarapua BB Bpb3Ka C PyMbHCKATa OKyNauMA Ha Ta3u TepuTopus. KopenHo mpoMenenute OOmecTBeHO-NOAMTW4ECKH HW KOHOMH- YeCKH YCNOBHA B YaCT OT TepHTOpHUTe Ha OEITAapCKOTO 3eMJIMINe NpaBAT Mpeces- HMYCCKHA Mpouec NOcTOAHeH M BCe No-Heobpatum. HacranaBanero wa GexanuuTe H perysmpaneTo Ha TexHMa rpaxkaHCKO-MpaBeH CTATYT Ce H3BHpIIBa B PaMKATe Ha CbINECTBYBALIOTO GLMTApCKO 3aKOHOMATENCTBO. Tpecenumueckuat notox cneg GankancKnte Bolin ¢ npemogua KbM GexKaHc- KUTe BLANK, KOHTO 3aMBaT CTpaHata HM CHey Kpad Ha IIppBaTa cBeTOBHa Bolina. Tosu 1ST HHTCHSHMBHOCTTa Ha MpOMeca € C NPOMMDKATEMHOCT HAKOMKO TOUMHM H ce perymupa OKOHYATeTHO OT CTpaHa Ha MpxKaBata egBa KEM 1925—26 r. epsu- Te noTouH Gexannu ca CBLp3aHH HellocpeacTBeHO c BOeHHaTA OKyNanua Ha FOxHa Alo6pymxa (nosropxo), 3anaguute noxpaiinnau, Maxegouua u 3anaqua Tpaxusa. Vima akTupu3upane M Ha npecenumueckua nponec or Becapa6ua cneq m3BBpUIBa- HeTO Ha SommMesutiKua npespat B Pycua u HacTLMMTMTe TepHTOpHaNHH NpoMeHH lo rpanuuata c Pympuua. Bnocnegctaue npecerHuyecKHaT Mporec e cTaMyMpaH OT HAKOM Hey2a4HH 3a GBnrapcKaTa Ep%kaBa TBYCTpaHAH HM MexXTyHApOAHH ZOrO- BOpH, KaKBaTo e HalipuMep Kousenuuata Mexay Bearapua u Ibpuma 3a n06po- BOJIHO M B34MMHO W3CenBane Ha MAsIIMHCTBaTa, NOANMCaHa B Hpol Ha 27 HoeMBpU 1919 r., [uanntT 3a naulannata, ycranosen Mexzy Bbarapua u [ppuna Ha 8 me- kemspu 1922, Cnoroy6ata Mommos-Kadaxgapuc, nogmucana B Kenesa Ha 9 ne- kemppu 1927 r., w op. Tipe3 To3H mepwoy MHpBoHAyaNHaTa NpecenHHyecKa BLIHa OT 3anamnuTe moKpaiiuunu yoctura oxom0 20 000 gym. 3a ronemunatTa H NposALKUTeMHOCT- ™ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Report of the International Commission. To Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, p. 154. 3 The Rochester Herald, New York, September, 28, 1913. % B."Mup”, Copia, 22 nexemppu 1913 r. ” Dumutpos, ap J. Tpaknitexuat aenpoc, TMapix, 1938, c. 20. 3 lax Tam, c. 69 »T owes, JL Hauouanso-ocpoGogmrennara 6op6a B Maxenonua 1912-1915. C., 1981, c 157. ® B. “Banagito exo”, No 30, 2 aexemmpn 1923 r. 23Ta Ha 6exKaHCKHA NOTOK roBOpH aKTST, Ye Ha NpOTeCTHHA MHTHET BB BPb3kKa C TPHTOAMMHAHATA OT OkyNalwaTa Ha 3anaqHUTe NoKpaiiHmuu npucectBar 12 000 mpecerunyn"'. Tipeceannueckata pbana oT FOxna JoSpymxa noctura 40 000 nyu, Tpo- WEChT Ha H3ceMBaHe OT OONaCTTAa € NOCTOMHeH HM MpHKTO4BAa eBa npes 1940 r., xoraTo paiionst e BBpHaT Ha Benrapua®. Tipes nepuona 1918 — 1920 r., caen namyckaneTo wa ObarapcKuTe BOcHHH 1 UABHIHH BilacTH Ha 3anaqua Tpakua, m0 HaHHM Ha OOulecTBOTO Ha HapOgUTe OT paiiona ce u3cemat 20 200 Opnrapu. Cren 3an3emaHeTo Ha O6sacTTa OT rTpBuKHTe BylacTH mpe3 1920 r. Hoa BETA OT 32 632 Gbnrapu ce npecemBaT B Bbrrapus HTH o6mo cnoper AauHu Ha OH of 3anagua Tpaxus y Hac ce sacemsat 52 832 nym“. Cnopex 6burapcxata cTraTucTuKa paiionst e HanycHat or 70 000 zyum’’. Pasm- kuTe MexAy obuunannutTe ObarapckH WaHHM uM ZaMHuTe Ha OH ce wbsKaT Ha (pax- Ta, ¥e GbuTapcKaTa cTaTucTuKa MpescTaBa KaTO Tpakuiickn GexaHUM M 4acT OT npecemHuuute oT Makenouna, KouTO cnex 1913 r. ce ycTaHoBaBaT Ja 2KHBeAT B 3anagna Tpakua. Haii-muoro6poiino e mpecenenueto oT Maxezouus. Ocnex BoeHHOTO Mopaxe- nue Ha Baarapus 8 [Ipppata cpeTosna Boiina, BBpxy Mporeca BAMAe M HanoxKeHaTa ua Banrapusa Konsenuusa c Pepys 3a ZO6poBosHO MW B3aMMHO M3CeBaHe Ha MaJI- uuacTBata. pecenuuyecknat mpouec ¢ HeMpeKbCHaT M MpoOAEDKaBa NO Ha4aNOTO wa 30-Te ronnuu. Ocmust Konrpec Ha Maxegoncknte 6patcraa, npoBem ce na 2 aexemspu 1929 r., orunta, ¥e cea AnnngenckoTo BBcTanHe 10 MOMeHTa B Bps- rapua uma 500 000 mpecennunu or Makegouua. Te3u yaHHH Ce NpHeMat H OT 3a- naguata npeca”, [pes 1932 r. wa X kourpec Ha MakegxoncKute 6parctBa Coduiic- KuST MuTporonuT Cretan 3aapaBa, ue OpoaT Ha MpecemMMUMTe Bede e JOcTUrHast 600 000%”. 3a ronemunata Ha Opoa Ha MpeceaHHuMTe oT Makenouus ropopy (bak- TLT, ¥e ,,00 1934 ronuHa Te MMaT KM CeMEMCTOTHH JeramHM ApykectBa — rpayc- RM Hi cencKn. Or Tax kbM 250 ca 6patcTBa, Haveno c HamwonanHna KOMUTET, KOit- TO BOAH NONMTHYECKATA NeliHOCT Ha WanaTa emurpanua. KEM 250 MnagexKu op- TaHU3allMH C WBaleceT XWIAAH peqoBHH uTeHoBe*, Cnopex odunmanuute Oprrapcxu fanan oT 1918 xo 1922 r. 8 Barapaa ca nacranenH 500 000 Gexannu or Maxegouus, Tpakns, 3ananuutTe noxpaiinunu 1 Ho6pymxa. Tes qanau 3anarat B mMcmoto of 17 maif 1922 r. ua OpnrapcKaa MH- HUCTEp-Mpencenatea A. CramOonniicxu yo Mpesuqenta ua kondepennuata B Te- nya: ,,OT 7 Musimona ObmrapH, B MOMeHTa 2 MM@IHOHAa Ca W3BBH rpanuuuTe wa 6n- rapckata Wepxkasa. OT Tax 500 xunaqu ca Gexaunu B Bearapus.. Team 6exanuu.. mpeactasaasat 11% or yanoro Hacenenne na Bonrapua.*” Banrapcxnte qannu ce mpnemat 3a HocTosepuu or OH u 3anarat B pequua HeroBH OunHaAHH DOKy- MeHTH™, “' Trax tam, Ni 29, 22 noemapia 1923 r. “Toop ox, Tl. Arpapnute oThomenna a FOxua oSpyzvxa. B. Tupnoo, 1982, c. 143. “Tonosa, K. 3a Jo6pynxa roroni cme. C., 1993, ¢. 15. La Bulgarie et la Societe des Nations 1920 — 1923, Geneve 1986, p. 287. “Tum wt pos,a-p X, Tpaxwiicxnat pmpoc. apie, 1938, c. 78. “© Crischen Science Monitor, Boston, December, 2, 1929 °Muxa iso a, He. Comer, v. IV, Muanatianonme, 1973, 0, 422. * Tax Tam, ©. 423, * La Bulgarie et la Societe des Nations 1920 — 1923. Geneve, 1986, p. 409. % Tax ram, c. 413 24B xpaa Ha 20-re w wayanoto Ha 30-re roqunu B Banrapua ca Hanparenu Hw IBpBHTe CepHO3HU ONHTH 3a TOUHOTO ycTaHoBABaHe Ha Gpos Ha NpecenHHUHTE cnex 1878 r. Kato naii-cnoayanmpa ce cmata KapTata, u3mamena oT BceOsnrap- cKna cp103 ,,OTe Nancuii*. Kaprata napa caequute o6o6ulenn pesyntaTu: Tipeceanmunt or: Bpokt Banat 20 000 Tlomopapua # 3anaanic noxpaiinunn 50 000 Maxenowns (Bapaapcra u Benomopcxa) | 600 000 Tpaxus (Mstouna w 3anaqua) 400 000 DoSpysxa, Baawxo w Becapa6na 100 000 Benuxo 1170 000 Tipu ananusa na wudopmanusta TpaOpa ya ce OTUNTa, 4e CTaBa BEMpOC 3a ocpeyHeHY 1aHHH. Tosa ce bIKH Ha cbaxta, ‘Ye YACT OT MpeCcesIHHIMTe He %KenaiT Ha ce perucTpupaT KaTO TakHBa WIM He MpvemaT BeHara GbmrapcKo MOzaHCTBO (ocoGexo Te3H, KOHTO He Ca CIaCHH C KNay3uTe 3a ,,,06poBomHOTO“ mpecesBa- He), HAKOM Ce 3aBPbIAT No POMHUTE CH MeCTa, APYTH B MpOMBIXKeHMe Ha HAKOMKO TOAMHM ycnnBaT Ha pecenar HeauTe cu cemelicrBa (npecemBaHeTO MpH TAX € Npo- DBWKUTeNeH MpoNec), a eHa 3HayMTeNHAa YaCT Ce 3aCeMBaT B TEPUTOPHUU, KOTO cen IIbppara cBeTOBHa BOiiHa Ca OTKLCHATH OT ObsIrapcKaTa QEpxaBa (mpecen- Ha or Momopasus mpe3 1878 uw 1885 r. B Llapa6pogcKo; mpecemnuuu or Maxe- Hounsa mpe3 1913 r. B 3anagua Tpaxua 1 Crpymnmixo). He e Marbk wu GposT Ha Te3H, KOHTO OTCAMaT NpH Bede yCTPOMNH Ce TexHH podHuHH. pexsuy Ha ToBa HsA- KOH OT QaHHUTe, H3sHeceHH Or BceOaurapcxua cBr103 ,,OTer Maucuii*, Morat na ce mpemat # 3a 3anMxeHH. Taka HalpuMep cnopeyl HAKOM OT TaHHUTe B apXHBa Ha OH npecennuunte ot Tpakua no roqMun ca kaxTo cyenpa*!: Tommia Bpoii npecennuun ot Tpaxna 1877-1878 250 000 1903 103 000 1912-1913 168 000 1918-1920 20 200 1920 32.632 O6m10 573 832 Tanuute ua OH ca coc 173 832 nopese or naHHuTe Ha OGmobburapcKns cx10s ,,Orey Tlaucnii*. Karo ce uma mpenpug, ve B cpegata Ha 20-Te ronunu Baut- Tapwa MMa HacemeHue OT 6 MMIMOHa AYUIM, TO C OCHOBAHKe Moxe Ma ce HanpaBH M3BONBT, ¥e Mpes TO3M Nepuog 19,5% oT HaceneHHeTO ca NpeceIHMNM WIM TeEXHH nOTOMuH. Tipeewxure 3a mocneguuare oT mpecemBaneTo B Banrapwa Ha 3anrpanwunu- ve Gprrapu ca pasmmuHu. TpeobnagapatT craHoBuuata, Ye MMUrpaHTHte ca B Te- oakecT Ha Benrapua. BHuMatenHMaT avanns Ha cbaxTute M WeiicTBuATa Ha Opnrapc- KMTe MpaBuTencTBa Gaye COuaT, Ye ONeHKaTa He e eHO3HauHa. Taka HalpuMep ‘' La Bulgarie et la Societe des Nations 1920—1923, Geneve 1986, p. 285-287 25caMO BBB BowHUTe 1912~—1913 r. Benrapaa uma 44 892 yGuru u 7824 GescneqHO W34e3HasIH BOHN H OduNepH. 3a ChINMA Mepwon GposT Ha panenuTe e 104 584 YUM, TONIMa YacT OT KOUTO OcTaBaT HHBaNMAu™, KaTo ce HMa IpemBUM, Ye cTaBa BBMPOC 3a MBXKKO HaceseHMe Ha BE3pact oT 20 yo 50 r., ACHO e, He CTpaHaTa H3- MMTBa OCTEp HemocTHr Ha paGoTHa Cuma, Olle MoBeye Ye Mpes TO3H Mepuoy cenc- KOTO CTOMaHCTBO 3aeMa Haii-rosemus Oa B ObTapcKaTa MkKOHOMUKa. Ole m0-ro- wleMu cTaBaT noTpebHoctTute Ha Banrapus oT pa6orua cua cueg Kpax Ha [InpBa- Ta cBeTOBHa BoiHa. ToBa € CBLP3aHO MC pA3KO HaMaseHaTa paxkaeMocT Mpes BO- ennute roqunu 1912—1913 u 1915—1918, xosro or 37,5 %o (1902 r.) — 44,0 %o (1906 r.) crana wa 17,2 %o (1917 r.). AMenno nopagm Taam npwunna mpes 1920 r. HAKOH H3TBKHATH GEarapcKu yyenH KaTO mpod. A. MumpKon saapapat, ye ,,1pe- CCSMMYeCKHAT BEMPOC € BLMPOC 3a KHBOT M CMBPT Ha OEMTapcKua Hapoy mM Hero- Bata XBpxaBa. Toit chIeCTByBa OT OCBOOOXKEHHETO HACaM, a HUIIO MOUTH yYMHO H WenecboGpasno He € cTOpeHo 3a Hero Wo cera. Muoro cb2kanABaM, 4e B Hatiiata KOHCTHUTYNMA JuNcBa HapeyGata 32 MuHUCTpH Ges noprdeiinu. Maye Gux npeno- pbuall Ja HMaMe MHHUCTED Mo mpecesHu4ecTBOTO“. C nen ma ce OTTOBOpH Ha HapacHauTe Hy:K1M B CTpaHaTa ce MpwemaT penHua 3aKOHM HM HOPMATHBHM akTOBe, KOMTO yNecHaBaT MMurpallMaTa Ha 3anrpanMunK 6barapu y Hac. Ha 21 nexemapu 1920 r. e o6HapogsaH ,,3aKOH 3a 3acemBaHe Ha Ge- 2KaHUMTe M ObesreyaBaHe NOMUEBKA WM“, 3aKOHBT BUSHpA ,,BCHYKM Tua OT OBI- rapcka HapogHoct u3 Maxenonns, Tpaxua, ToOpymxa mu 3sanannure Kpanuya Ha Boarapus, kouro ca 3a6ernamn w 3a6ernat B Mpexenute Ha Lapcrsoto“. [oxo6uo Ha MpeQUUIHUTe 3aKOHH, H TYK ce paspaGoTBAaT MexaHM3MH 3a HKOHOMM4ECKO CTH- MysMpate M COMMaTHO ananTupane wa 3acenBamute ce. Cnopex 4. 3 Ha mpecenu- quTe ce cemeiicrBa ce npegocTaBa ,,3ema 3a OOpaboTBane (HMB, IMBagH, 1034, TpagMun uw Op.) Haii-mHoro go 50 qekapa B NomcKuTe Mecta, qo 80 mekapa B HO- JMs1aHHACKUTe MecTa H 10 120 meKapa B YHCTO IaHVACKUTE,... KAMAE M OMH- HbYHM Crpay (WIOKAHM, BOLeHHUM, TMHKM M Ap.) HIM WK MecTa 3a NocTpoiika Ha TakuBa; GesnnaTen WbpBeH CTpOUTeeH MaTepHad OT WEpKaBHMTE TOPH M CKTaLO- Be 4 GesmmaTHOTO My IpeBOsBaHe NO TLpKaBHUTe 2KeNe3HHUH WIM C pyr WEp- 2KaBHM MpeBo3HH CpeycTBa (Koa, KAMMGHH HM Ap.); GesnnaTHO NbTyBaHe HM MIpeBos- Bale Ha NOKBUTHHHATA, HHBeHTapa W MO6MTBKa My NO J/EpKAaBHUTe 2KeMeSHUIM MITE ¢ UpyTW 1bp2kaBHH MpeBo3HH CpencTBa, HO MecTOTO Ha OKOHYAaTeHOTO My 3acesI- Baue; 3aemu oT Banrapcxata 3emeyeucka Ganka: 3a MOCTpolika Ha KMIMLIIHM Mt 110 MHHBYBE Crpanu, 3a CHaOMABAHe C 1KHB M MBPTbB MHBCHTAap...; BpeMeHHH NapwyHH nomouM Bim Gesmiaten x86 u Qpyra xpana Ha Kpaiino Gegunte..; SesmaTHa Me- AMNMHCKA TMOMOUL H GesnaTHM WeKapcTBa NO OKOHYATeMHOTO HM 3aceIBaHe*. Cnen Tpuroguiien rpaTcen nepHon ce npesBMKIa ABaneceTroRMUIeH CpoK 3a ugnijaiane Ha AbpxaBata wa Wpesocrasenure uMoTu. Mw TO3M 3aKOH 3ansra pe- mennero, 4e ,,Gexannute oT 6barapcKM npou3xo4, 3aceseHM B Mpegenute na Lap- CTBOTO, MO peda, IPeMBAWeH OT HACTOAUIMA 3aKOH, CTaBaT TO npapo GEarapcKu nogaunnn*. Tipu Munucrepcrsoro wa BbTpeMHUTe paboTH M HapomHOTO 3npaBe ce Cb3- Zaza Bropo 3a 3aceypane Ha Sexanuute. B yelinoctra cu 61opoTo ce MomMOMara OT MECTHH OKONMICKM KOMMCHH, B KOTO 3a/bIDKHTENHO MMa arpoHOM HW HayaHAKa Ha ME€CTHUA KOH Ha Bmrapcxata 3emenemcka Ganka. * Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Report of the International Commission, To Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, p. 243 SW 4p eos, A, 3ananna Tpaxns # 2oronopet 3a mup 8 Heoiin, C., 1920, c, 59. * Tupxanen ectunx, 6p. 214, Cocus, 21 nexemapu 1920 r. 26Tlocrosvuuat mpuToK Ha NpecemHHUM HM MHTepHallMoHaTU3MpaHeTo Ha mpob- ema craBaT npwunna na 18 yexemapu 1926 r. ma ce npneme ,,3aKOH 3a CeCKOCTO- MlaHcKo HacTaHsBaHe Ha GexaHnNTe, ¥pe3 cpem\CTBaTa Ha 3aeMa, OTMyCHaT CBC CBr- slacueTo Ha OGutectBoTo na Hapogute*.* [lenra Ha 3aKOHa € a Ce yIeCHH ,,OKOH- WATEMHOTO M CHTYPHO CesICKO-cTOMaHCcKO HacTaHaBane Ha Gexanuute*. Hop Mo- MeHT B 3aKoHa € 4. 3, clOpex KoiiTO ,,3eMHTe HM %KMIMWNATA, HeTO ca HacTaHeHH Gexanuute, crapar TaxHa coOcTBeHOCT OT MOMEHTA Ha HaCTaHaABaHeTO MM B TAX“. 3aKonT BE3ara Ha DnaBpnatTa AMpekuMs 34 HacTaHABane Ha OexaHUMTe Wa paspa- 6oTH nporpama, coped KOATO ,,Ibp2kaBata Na cTaHe coOcTBeHUK Ha 132 000 xex- Tapa 3€Ma, MpesHa3sHaveHa 3a O3eMNaBaHe Ha GexaHuuTe.. [lapnenupavero Ha 3e- MaTa le Ce H3B_pIM Taka WOTO BCeKH GexaHell 2a Nonyan enuH Mapuiem paSoTHa 3ema cpequo 40 yexapa um Haii-mHoro yo 50 gexapa (6e3 3emata, HeoOxonmma 3a noctpoiika na xuIMUIe u Ges nac6umero)*. Bos Bpb3ka C MOABHJaTa Ce NpecenHMYeCKa BEHa OT Becapabua npe3 1928 r. e w3faneH ,,3aKOH 3a WONbIHeHHe W1. 33 oT 3aKOHa 3a 3aceNBaHe GexannuTe H oGesneyanane MOMMHLKa HM“**, 3aKOHBT ChAEpxKA CAMO eNHH WieH M Toi Mpec- TaBAARa OTCTBIMCHHE OT CLICCTByBallaTa NpakTHKa Ha MOAMOMarave Ha Npecen- nMuuTe: ,,JIuyata oT 6brrapcKH Npows3xon, H3scenMH ce OT BecapaGus M OT }ORHO- pyckuTe npoBuHnwn v 3acemmny ce B pegemute Ha Llapcrsoro c paspemienne Ha Munucrepcrsoro Ha BSTpemHATe paboTH H HApOLHOTO 3mpaze, CTaBaT TO IpaBo ObarapcKH NoOgaHHyM M WieHORe Ha OSmMHNTE, B paliona Ha KONTO ce ycTaHoBs- Bat, 6e3 2a Ce NO13BaT OT OOArHTe Ha TO3H 3aKOH". Ornycuatata 3ema ce Oka3Ba HeqOCTaTB¥Ha 3a OCHTYpaBaHe Ha NOMHHKa Ha. mpecesmnute ce B Bhnrapna 3anrpanuunn Gbarapn. 3aTosa Ha 27 anpun 1931 r. ce oOHapogsa ,,3aKoH 3a Upexapane Ha Tapyata Wapekuwa 3a HacTaHaBaHe Ha Ge- akanuute 52 000 yexapa 3emu OT npecymenuTe MEpxaBHH OnaTa B Kapa6boa3Kata nusuHa*’, DpyoxaTa Ha {bpKaBHaTa BACT KEM MpeceHMMATe IMM M OT NpHeTHT na 14 cenremapu 1937 r. ,,Hapeq6a-3aKon 3a o6neKyaBane Gexanuute, HacTaHeHH TO 3aKOHA 3a CeMcKO-cTOMaHCKOTO HacTaHaBane Ha Gexantute*.* Curnacno am. 1 Gexanuute ,,ce OcBoOoxK1aBaT OT MalaHeTO Ha AbIDKHMUTe THxXBH 10 31 DeKem- spu 1936 r.“ pes 1940 r. wa Banrapua e sppnara KOxna Jo6pymxa. Cratyrst na Hacese- BHETO € ypeweH CC ,,3aKOH 3a ypexkjaHe Ha NoWaHcTBOTO B JoSpyzpKa*”. Curnac- HO 4. 2 ,,cTanaT OparapcKH noganHuH oT 15 cenremapu 1940 ronuHa BcHUKH py- MBHCKH NOMaHHUM OT OLMTAapCKH NPOK3XOL, KOMTO Ca PORCH B 3EMHTE, OTCTE- menu wa [Japctsoro no Kpatioscxna gorosop uu B Baarapus, 4 Ha Tox WeH ca MMasIM MecToxHTeNCTBO B Llapcrsoro“. Ipes 1941 r. or Cesepua Jlo6pymxa B Bearapua ce mpecenpat 67 000 Obnrapu. Kam Tax MBpBOHAYAaTHO Ce npwNara 4. 4 oT 3axona 3a ypexuane Ha MomanctBoTo B Jo6pymxKa, cnopex Koitro ,,cTaBaT 6pn- TapckM NOWaHMUM OT HeHA Ha BIM3aHeTO cM B MpenemutTe Ha LlapcrBoro BcHaKu PYMBHCKH NOLaHMIH OT ObArapcKH MpoU3xoR, KOTO ce 3acenBaT B LlapcTBoTO cnopey Kpaiioscxua goropop“. OxonyaTemHOTO HaCcTaHsBaHe Ha NpecenHMUMTe ce V3BBpUIBa CBracHo HapeyOa, u3mamena Ha 14.01.1941 r. or KomucapcTsoto 3a Aobpyaxa®. Cnoper ua. 2 ,,6narapute — 3emeyencKm cromaHu, KO“TO Mo cumaTa 3 Tiepxapen secrHuk, 6p. 213, Copus, 18 aexemapu 1926 r. 5 Thupoxanen nectaux, 6p. 293, Cobus, 28 apr 1928 r. » Jtupoaven uectuux, Op. 19, Cosas, 27 anpua 1931 r. st Tiapxanen pectHnx, 6p. 201, Comps, 14 cenremapu 1937 r. * Tiypxanen secruux, Gp. 263, Cosas, 21 Hoemspu 1940 r. Tiepxasen secruux, Codus, 14 auyapn 1941 r. 27Ha cnoron6ata, nocturnata 8 Kpaiiopa mexay Llapcrso Baarapua H Kpancrso Py- MBHUA, HamycHaxa Cesepxa JJoOpymxa, ce 3acempat B HaceNenuTe MecTa Ha FOxna HoSpymxa“. Wn. 4 pernamentupa caMoto Hactanspane: ,,3emMuTe, KOMTO NpeceTHULM- Te ca ocTapusm B Cerepxa Jlo6pymxa, ce 3amenst cbc cROOODHUTe WbpxkaBHH 3CMH B YOxna [lo6pymxa, He3aBHcHMo OT NPOH3Xoa HM, Bb3 OCHOBa Ha NpATeEKAaBaHHTC OT MpecerHMnMTe ONMCH, W314 CHM OT CMeceHaTa pyMBHCKO-GprrapcKa KOMHCHS. DKunmmorto HacTansaBane Ha 3acemBammre ce e ypeneno c ,,Hapen6a 3a cua6- AapaHe Ha Ipecenuuynte or Cesepxa JoGpyaxa c KMNMUIHM HM CTOMaHCKM crpa- un“, Cprmacno HapenOara cHaOasBaHeTO Ha NpeceMHMUMTe C %KMMHIHU HK CTO- HaHCKH crpagu cTaBa choOpa3Ho cToiiHocTTa Ha OcTaBeHMTe OT TAX crpagu B Ce- sepua [o6pymxa, nocouena B OMMCHTe UM. Tipes 1941 r. ce mpennpvemar Hosu CTBMKH 3a O6AeKYAaBaHe MOMOKEHMETO Ha Gexanmnte 8 Bemrapus. Upuema ce ,,3akon 3a ypexmane coOcTBeHocTTa BEpxy AbpKaBHH MH OGMAHCKH MMOTH, Jalen WM 3aB3eTH 3a HY KOH Ha Sexannu*, Oco- 6cHOTO Ha 3aKoHa ¢, ¥C ,,B HOBONPHCheDMHeHHTe 3eMM KbM GexaHUMTe ce MpHuMc- AsBaT HM MOcTpagamMre oT Boiinute*. Un. 4 npusuana co6ctsenoct ,,Ha Gexanen, Koliro go 15 Hoemapu 1934 roguna e 3aB3eu uM 40 31 nexemapu 1936 romuua e 3ac- TPOWN HM NON3BAN IM4HO 3a CRON M THA Ha ceMeicTBOTO CH HY KAM AbpKaBHO MH o6umucKo Mecto“. Tloxo6nu o6nekyeHua HMa H 3a 32B3eTH H H3MO3BaHM AEp2KaB- AM CrpadM, 1bpKaBHH WOMHHBYHM crpaqM uw Ap. Cnopex 401. 8 ,,B CpoK 3 roqMEM OT BUIM3AHETO B CHa Ha HACTOMIMMA 3aKOH MpaBOHMalMTe No Hero TpabBa 4a MpenA- BAT HCKaHe {0 ChOTBeTHaTa CuyxK6a pH MHHHCTepCTBOTO Ha 3eMeZeNHETO HM WEp- %KABHMTe HMOTH HTK Npex OOmMHaTa 3a cHaOAABaHe Cc HOTapuanun axTose™. Ilo TO3H HauHH ,,BCeKH, KOMTO ce ¢ COOUM Cc HOTapHanen axT 3a coOcTBeHOCT Ha MMOT..., pasMomara C BCHYKH MpaBa Ha COOCTBENHK BbpPXy HMOTA CEIacHo 3aKONH- te B Llapersoro“. B xpaa na 1943 w wauanoro wa 1944 r. B Benrapna ce HacTaHuaBaT HAKONKO XWIADH Tpecennunu oT Becapadus, Ho n0-ronamara 4act ca BEpHATH OT Ueppena- Ta apmua B CCCP mpes 1945 r, Cnen 9 centemppu 1944 r. y Hac HaBaT OKONO 40 000 6nrapn or Benomopa- ero, Makegouua u 3anaquute noxpaiinnun. 3a TaxHoTO HacTanaBane Ha 5.10.1944 Tr. ce w3faBa cnenuamna ,,Hapen6a 3a W3KMOUNTeMAUTe Mpasa Ha MunucTEpa Ha cOUMaHaTa NOAWTHKA NO MOMMOMaraneTO HM HacTaHaBaHeTO Ha Gexannure*®, C 1l-o nocranossenue Ha Munuctepcxua chBeT ce BE3ara Ha BenrapcKusa yepsen KpbCT 2a oka3Ba NoMoM! Ha Gexanuute. 3a cbxKaeHKe OKoNO 20 000 oT Tax Hacun- cTBeHO Ca u3mpaTenu oT ObarapcKuTe BaacTu B FOrocnasua. Benpexu Toba pes nepuona 1949-1955 r. oxono 6000 nym ycnaBaT MOBTOpHO fa ce 3aBBpHaT B Bba- rapusa. Basa Ha 22 mati 1950 r. c Mocranosnenue 1361 na MC ce npegocrana 6b11- Tapcko rpaxkqaHcTso Ha WMAtTa OT OENrapcKM MpON3Xxog, KONTO Ao Kpaa Ha 1946 r. ca Hanycnamu FOrocnasna 1 Pepuna™. Taxnoto counamHo ycrpoiipane cTana 10 pea na Oxppxno I1.B.5.2266 wa Munucrepcrsoro Ha Tpyda M COUMaIHUTe rpHoKH or 1948 r., Koero npezBHxna KbM HapogHute cbBeETH Ma Ce CB3NanaT KOMHTeTH >» pwxKU 3a GexaHyuTe m mpecennunure“*, Taxua 3aqaua e Wa cbOupar ,,cBeqenua © Toopxanen sectnx, 6poit 110, Conus, 21 mali 1941 r. © Thepxanen sectumx, 6pok 85, Cos, 17 anpuat 1941 r. © Tupwasen sectunx, 6poit 218, Codus, 5 oxromnpy 1944 r. Tpxasen aectanx, 6polt 124, Corpus, 28 mai 1950 r. Ha npaxtuxa pasnopenGure ce oTuacaT camo. 3a nnuata, poaenm p Tpakua « 3anaanute noxpaiinmun. Epa npes 1963 r. Bunrapus npeoaosaua ma- KeQONH3MA, OCTalIAN B Hace ACTBO OT enloxaTa Ha KysTA KEM AMYHOCTTA — B. a. © Tepxasen seotnux, 6poii 80, Copia, 1948 r. 283a OesHMoTHuTe H Ge3sqomHAM GexaHI M MpecetHMOM, CeX KoeTO Ja HanpaBaT NOCTBNKM ped cencKHTe KOMMCHH NO o3eMNABAHETO..., 1a xoaTalicTBaT mpes yn- pabute na TK3C 3a mpwemaneTo Ha GexxaHCKH HM MpecesIHM4eCKH CeMeiCTBa 3a 4Je- HObeE.., 1a... HANpaBAT MOCTSMKU... 32 HaCTaHaBaHe Ha paora“. C Tes MeponpHa- Tus 8 Barapa 3amupa Aeinocrra 3a 3acenpane Ha 3aurpanwann Gbarapy 3a noy- tw 40 roqunn. 3acenBanero ua 6burapcKH npeceanwun B Bearapna npes nepHona 1878 — 1945 r. cra6umusupa crpanata B emorpadcKo uM ersorpadcKo oTHOMeHHe. Bait- peKH WBeTe HalMOHaNHM KaTacTpody, CBEp3aHu Cbc 3aryOaTa Ha W343 Ha OTKPATO (Bano) Mope, TexkkH pentapalu u 3aryGa Ha YOBeWKH pecypcH (yOuTH UM BOeHHH vBaNMaM), CTpavata ycnsaBa Wa ce cupaBu c penuua cronancky mpobsemn. Tasn TeHeUMUA HCHO Ce O4epTaBa OT TaHAHTe 3a HaceNeHMeTO NpeqH u cnen Tpppata cBeToBHa BoitHa: Toanna | Hacenenne Tepuropua (xa. xm) | Pecrora tia nacenennero 1910 4.338 000 96 345 45,03 1913 7 111 837 i 1926 5 483 000 103 146 53.16 Yxennuapanero Ha PbcTOTaTa Ha HAaCeMeHHeTO € B MpAaKa 3ABMCAMOCT OT 3a- ceuBaHeTO Ha OBITapCKUTe NpecenHHUH, 4Ype3 KOTO ce KoMNeHCUpa 3aryGaTa Ha MOBCLUKM PeCypCH BEB BOMHATe M HaMaeHaTa paxksaeMOCT BCeNCTBUE Ha BOEH- HaTa aHraxkHpaHOCT Ha MBKKOTO HaCeNeHMe MH CTOMAaHCKaTa AKTHBHOCT Ha 2KeHuTE. Kocsena npezctaza 3a ponsra Ha GexkaHyMTe NaBaT M MaHHMTe 3a HapacTBa- HeTo Ha 6pos Ha HaceneHHeTO B Haii-Tronemute GpmrapcKu rpanoBe: Tpan Toauna 2Kurean Copus 1910 102 810 1920 104 025 1926 213 162 Tlaoagua 1910 47 449 1920 50 810 1926 60 787, Pyce 1910 36 255 1920 41 652 1926 45 672 Harpynanuat mpe3 mepuoga 1878-1945 r. onuT mpu Tpaiinoto HacraHaBane Ha BBHIIHK Opsmrapy B Bearapna € W3KMOUHTeTHO WeHeH H TOli He e MaryOuT CBOE- To 3Ha¥eHMe Npu paspaGboTBaHeTO Ha MexaHH3MH H NporpaMH 3a NpeomosaBane Ha WaCT OT NOcHeAMMTe OT DHEMIHMA ZeMorpadcKu npobseM B CTpaHata. 29PERMANENT SETTLING IN BULGARIA OF BULGARIANS FROM ABROAD 1878-1945 Spas Tashev (Summary) The article views three basic problems concerning migration into Bulgaria of people of Bulgarian origins who live outside the political borders of the country: 1.) Quantitative change in migration processes and their periodization; 2.) Law regulations of migration processes; 3.) Consequences of permanent settling of Bulgarians from abroad as to the economic development of Bulgaria and the de- mographical characteristics of its population. For the period 1878-1945 in Bulgaria are observed five major migration peri- ods. The first one covers the years immediately after the fragmentation of Bulgaria in 1878 and the restoring of Macedonia and Thrace as part of the Ottoman Empire. The second period covers 1903 and is related to the suppression of Ilinden Upris- ing. The third one is in 1913 and is related to the defeat of Bulgaria in the war be- tween the Allied Forces. The fourth migration wave comes as a result of WWI and the loss of territories such as: the Aegean, Struma Region, the Western Districts, and Southern Dobrudzha. Besides, according to the clauses of the Peace Treaty Bulgaria was forced to accept an agreement with Greece to accept hundreds of thousands of Bulgarians deported from their native lands — Macedonia and Thrace. The fifth big migration wave starts in 1940 from Northern Dobrudzha and is related to Krajovs- ka Agreement between Bulgaria and Romania. During the whole period under ob- servation a sum total of 1,2 million Bulgarians settle in Bulgaria. 30