UNIT. At A Axansistor opaates Dearenable Unearrity for smalt So the -hamisor signals, then bicted in Aetive Yegion con be aepresented by amiall signal ynocteh. The smal signal h- parameter mode, can be used for frequency analysis of Small signal meow Jou “Taso por netwok ef a transistor ¢ ds rear nig bh “Tose po > lp bly Tere | we AR trarvistor is Usually dosesrrined or -rxcated ‘yailty’ as Spork network Gna can be specified by terminal Volrages V, and V2 ak povs and wuanents I, | dand 2, Ond I, entering ports 142 Hoe ve Jom 4 voriabio VV, 3y,t2 Guk Of which » 2 Ore Inolpenctert and 2 | Orne cepen dant Vor alres Seat Signal Low frequency Araplifite Dependent Vooiabres cx prened in LEMS Of independent Variables. This Leads to vaxiows paxcmerens -Lwo port, NekLooFK Ushids three ane our ef inagertont \ Z paramere, | Imipedence Pooramerers Mie Eu Ei + Zio ke Nae Zu ¢ Zant. ty \t0 2 > ip impedance with olf port |pen cireuited Zia 7 Cuore transfer wnpedance sith i]p port @pen circuited Lay fonoud vansfer dvpedance Lith ofp port epen civeuites > Olp impedance sith aa up port open crenicedamittance Paramus DY goamur| a2 Nt Nia No ty = Yue + Ye Ny | ves wv Yue =| Yeo U Yor = = \ veo U Is Yor? Gwe ¥ poten \, 2 Ue actowtronee vith Sip port 4hort eirunited Via 2 Revewe transfor achmiWane) Lith typ Port SC Yu, 2 Forward Dranster tolmitionce vuith ojp port S< Yur Olp admittonce usith | Ulp pose S-¢ 2) A parameters | Hybrid Paromeun ; V2 hut +, hy | Tas hat, +, have | hae | var ied + ek Lao tengedance oe haw UP adepawomiut “shy ole pore short rested, haa 7 Aerove vortage aan Loi yp pore OPEN Grcaited Tra? current gaan Uiith Ole pose "Crrouitet ha > Of cole HON UsIth, zye pose Sper cxusited 6 Tn ce configurasiom) h Ponameters Q+ Ownoted Os + NZ}p terminal Is, bare Olp terEnal - collector Commen berninal ~ Ovi te BE] peamleage, ~, Nee ‘ Ofp., Voltage - Nee Ele cuarent ~ Te Ole varrent - Te D hy Fhe Nee. a Net Vee | Tae 2 Wage hye = Doha a hee, Ze 7) Nes= © 4) hare he = Je Vet. \ne02 Wie Bt hye Veg pics hte Te + hoe Nee Nec > Wie Ta + hae Vee Te = hee te + hoe Vee an CB Configuration ,» y D Wes Nee ty qosameka O6 1 ee \ Vere sje pominal ~ Waa, emnition D hact V8) aec0 sp terminal covtector vec | 3 " | en ternunal- bose D> her Ze eer: ae | SS) vero olp VoHOS®- Vee 4) boc: _Te jp Caent = ap ew \ 8 ofp WHek- Te \ afortar Neg? hip Te + heb Vee 7 sia hag General Wyorid modes for a = + hol fe. 75 Me cE ied ronniston + ) aye bib = Nee Fhevenin Neen Mis yap = =.Vee D verbo Nee) a 2 Webe'e a ha FE \ vere 4) har = hob = Ze Yea | Be20 Hybrid model for tranatstor In ehyee CONfiguiation ; ) ce: "Tn CC congigueation hk | Vee Porous Cre = | | | Vee | Up reminal. base | r olp temminal- enuitho | = Conmen yermimnal- Coeckor ie te Ke 4 ep voleege Vec + Slt voleage- Veo Nee LP usrrent- Le le went - Le | Vee = We Tet Inve Veg. | Ble Brete + hoe deeVec hic tet ge ® Nec Te = hee Te + hoc Vee F Hybrid mod of tvarvisioc aruplifter \e caued und suits the Back prot for OL contiguicsions CE, cBand oo Analysis ef 6 t¥cnvustcs Ompligia using W-pararakn; — cue | oe is + They | WE ae Po 9 ox NO yl” | poe wan, mi. |rewor| _ fe \ zt [Yo fr(eanea taypnid mated of nannirn ance % called cxatk hybna mast)ew TRansisios amplifier can be Covrtiucted by connecting extermal load and signal SOurce Ar indicated Jn feger And biasing the tranmstoy Property “The 2- port network Sure A Represents Cc tvansistor in ony Ore Of Ls configanation - The Jywrid equivatent chreuit o vakid for ary type Of Load coher it pure nevsrance a OS LMpeclance Co Gnetiien t “2gaamistoy, TE Qaured sas he paiamekout remain cons tang over the opursting range Furth, the UIP is Ainucsordal TY) 9 Nay Ta One t quar The h- PORAmetou One Wed ty guesuube © TSAMWIStOY Lecaure ef following advantages: phasor 4. We pOaMaoA Ore Reah- nos upto sodio Sequences ' 2. They One e0dy to meosure 3. They con be dekesrruncd from ACrONSHOY Static Cnavaereristic CUNO car ele) 4. They oe convenient td We in Grows analysis and derign "5. Bamily wnvertable from one UMpyUexiON to the Other 6 Eorily supped by man UtaceUroys pee cont Poramererrs ; ivf O current Qoin fg, eee CAs) A> dee w a, I, # I =het, + NoVe F Vg= Ti?2+ - tet : Ia > byt - beta Z ~Z ho7e Ta (14 hots) = het Tae | = | | foe do oT | Ne Yeryaho» Dyes at i | | @ Rout Impedance (z,) Foren +ha hgbrid model of Arrannistor amplgur Re vs the signal source existance “Tha impedance seen vdhan locking into thse ampupin termined, Cr) We ths amplifien 1p immpedane Zz Zit q Nye itt Ne Zee Witt hee eres zr, et hate Oo x (Ng= Fete -Tezs Aste z= hits (asf) = hyp- BE hate \+hoZL a hi — he haley Alzch)Note thod jp ampedance Ms a function Of Load impedence “@ yousge Gain / yowogs Dumguficosion factor (Ay) * Rorio Of Ofp voieage V2 to Up volkage V, gives the vourdge goin Of the tranmstor Aye Me Nae Ti2i= “Tas Ast Aye Ag Bite ance (Ye): By depnition ¥, is stetained | by setting Ne=0 4) Z,=00 | Gnd by CLGVINg kre oP terminals from a qencrasor Vo: Ff the current drawn fom Yeti, ten %= 7, | Noe hety + hove Ne = + he “ Applying Ke od iP Sioa: Bf hybrid moolah Of trersi4g, wr with Ve=0 Cumpogs hids + Re 5,4 bya Ty (hit Rs) thay, =o Se Na hit Rs . Substituie Tn in Ye Va he Gee) +he hgh @ Voltage Goin @> vorrage Omrplification foro: taking No With Vz, Ris aw nto account +e renistance Of the sources Ay,= Ne Ns The Overall! vortage is given by AyeNe ve (Nal) Ve Ly!) (Me) < vO cquvos 6 ae - apie CP wang 7 for oe go fom asus M Ve Sub Vs Ns a. Hive 5 ant 2 Ay = Subset f Nove xRe t Ay because Souree Aeristance ros a oppreciabe efes on sverads caenplisyeotior { | © coment orngusicovon (ou J (ey Gawent gain tatong ent gqurvorent (repul Cevcuit | CHawaruir's equation) ccOUNt ke OUNCE howistoo 7 we are dvarsins R 1 | In valent typ Ciccudt UNG se Up Brat norte jrewst ung theenins cpusvalent | Ihe Source teuokion of - Ay= AgZe | eywratent ye drat Zi | {ostod® “4 ) ] Substitute Av in Ay, | I: a ANe = Aeze| Zit ks Nove wnat if Re Cy ie tee voltage qr Usith On ideak Volrage SOUNCE y+ Tn practice » more meaningfur therRotation Ayes _Av2b BA Ce arnprifior os h- Paramuor given by (nje 0000 chye= Qx16* , Wee= SO, heer 25a If both Hu Load and soure yorstance ort Ika , oleberming Current goin cund \oltage gon / Zit Rs PAB AH BOE PE pyr 1 BY fe i (Lhd) Ays = Az 7 muriply ond ZitRs Gividls Usith Ry Avs = Fa | | Rs J Operating power gain’ Ap> f2 = “Vem P, wiz, = AyAs - Aa Zea = Azz [Ap = AzRe| | Problema ole % Hah ¥ = 999-2430 Ss Ay= Azte =z = 44-26 Zs Cho Az, = Sek eng Zr Rs 4. 0 = as sty wth a. VO fo8 2. A tYanwstor anplyioy circuit Anos He h-patomucw a 3 =) hie= 002 , Wge = 100, ac" Loves hoe = 4x1G* Us Determine AC | 4. O/¢ i]p Impedance of tre amir Of o and voltage goin. = = ket) : BOM" (R= Bact BH gooy 1 Won, R2= 1000.0 Sra Zins We- hehe Come Ht Moe be 4 7 ™ 100 — oo) Goris? din l of —, + 41° 2. BxIo & 5.204% = - 524A Oo eX, sg a209 Chonacterisian OF Common base | amnpisios © > dam than warily and! UK magrutude /y ef Loud Horistance Ry Lath Tt a vourage goin Ay is ry | for poral value Of Re + 5. z]p nevstance Rr & the Lowest of aL 3 configurations | 4- ofp newistance vs Jnighest ef all 2 confrgurarions Applications: The CB amplifier % not | commenty used 4oF coma punpese. Le is red for: 4. Mokching G very saw Jienpedanc: Source 2 Gs an nonm daveoting Ompuyin att Cs VOOR | gain exceeds urity, } 2 For aniving a ht ampedane Load. | 3- Dp norstance Ri A. AS 0 Constant current Chen atterestion collector ef Wamon. compligior * OF Re (kK r0KA) TENE Goin Az ts, Aig and atmos equal to that Of Ce ampligion 2+ Noibage gain Ay ts Lon than vty. = S]p nevistance & Jhighat 2 Of ot the CONFIgUOLIONA 5 AOlp Aust once is Ye Lowat of ab +e 2 Conggqurations Appuicationn + 1 The CO Carmplifion Us Usiclely Used Oy bufper. (ele bles Pugh’ Jerpedance Source cand Low’ Impedance ‘Load The co CUMPLLZI ts Cubso called As emitter, follows Crronacteuistia Of Common ernitker annplsfiOr * 4. for 2. woitage gain Ay Srign for Current gain Ars 1s Sagh Ry £10k2- is mecium A. Ofp werstance Rov rrodeattly ughmn or Applicaxiont: 3. Bored en Q-peinbi 7 gy | Of the 3 congiguratiom 7 CE | Class. ampuyin ai OF B) Clos B ampusir arnpiio atone “As CHP" poth Vourage and gavicling n7o4 esis gain. anes 3 a) LO Cc mMPUne a St Ro are rndcuncsely: Men, hence | a Besed on Mo- Of stoge Seg ©) lass AR campus ce amplifier Je stanly Urea “ay single stage amptifin 1 for cavmplifi carton purpose TOR chutes osteue. arnpliticn Je BIT Airnpl iors + 7 5+ Based on output: wet Carcaie trod T ee amplitud > Volbage arnpuitiey Po of given yp svgoal is con by Power Ompuior | | ou paper: A simnall AC signa | 6- Bared On frequency sespory, FIGU*™ fed 4 the amplifir is Obtain) a) Audio frequency ampiifin — givgt Ors Jovger AC signal Of the | b&b) Intermediate frequeny fF Yong same frequency ak tre Ourput | Orn pUtinn. “genithe Amplifiew constitute on | © Radio frequency ampuhin! by RO erential port Of radio, | ' \ 4 : | cB yw sbelovision, Other commurucation| Berea) On. bondiusidah. supply CAauuits, Ba disutte cireuits ) @) Narrow land anvplifin ' wih K : rain BST ond FET Gre Us b) Nosmally. RF Or ni Used ov a omy Dakine amputying elements. V) Wids band oumpifinr oped ob Normably video annplitio Clovwifi cation Of Armplfion : | ‘ | Copa 1. Based ON the transistor | oat Congogusasion : | oe a common ware - ‘- b) Lemmon emitte, } = c) vermmen CoUletror Be 8 ‘ | ; « bb aa, 2. Based en’ the’ ackive. element: a) BIT ampufiur’ : b) FET amplifie. dese SsVWOiay ppration OF CE ompliien | 1 i Figure Shows the circuit op gings Stage CE cum puificn Lig) Ung «MPN -Hamistor - The a Emitkey- Rare Junction is F/p | Fug power SURRY Veo and — | CB ynction BRIA by POOH | SUPPLY Nec. 1 Orcs to | | | | Maintain the tranistor ot Oukive Aegion -nroughour irs oasion . Copacitor ca is ured +0 block DC and Of tre AG tp signal Ond aloo acts Laupuing Capaditel) wanidh Loup Ae AC ie signal to the bore Of the Llarwistor Jp signal is applied to tre Be junctitn ana annpuified Olt ® Adin of Ce junction “The Quiscens -peont is Akdormined try Veo and Re Re | quven jive, Capactior C& i Used to coup the lp signal so the hext stage. ovis DL iadation ax ele anc ole of the: aenpligier, Tread Of wong 2 PoUrr Cugplits te seme, \iGs Condition Can be sektay WH tne CE arnputin As usrith & single Pow sugply Ct and Ca alec When no Ac sp stynat ic Und SC conditions Vee” Veg” teke0 Vee “Vac TERE Te > Vee-Vee Vee, Mee x Nec/p, Ra Nee = Nee eRe Té> Pe” pillhen “sc sivuworeidal AC signal & applied o* Baa yg teremnals OF the cirarit , during he awe fale cycle as , BE junction is F/B, Veg ®, Tet, furtha Tet, aohich can be Seen fromWhe eapiasio by p me of Is, Vee a Corseaponckingly y Yue Nous O48 Tet and ofp volkage Yo gee WY, Dung “Ve noug cycle Vers Tp 4 ona furthu Te ve Tey by B time ef Te As Tey Vee t and je voltage Teo. “Thus bn a CE arnplifier O +vE gemg jp signal is Convered Dvito @ -ve Beng op signal, ie, © JRO" Phase shift fs worroduced between ofp signal and ip Signia, and fusthe ofp signal is on cunplitied vowton ef. tie signa. Choxacteristion : 1 Lang Ar, Ay, Ap 2-VoleOge prove shift Of 10° 3 Moderate vip and O]p rmpidance| ujoves Common: colecto Amnplifion: Co 0 Vout Ne Te B Wacise cl Wlith single yoleage Source: Vee Ast figure shoux the ciscuit Of a singte stage CC Cunplfin Lung an npn tONAistoY thy Ervin base junction in F/8 ley Poluer, blared by Ve, and Colleeroc bare. quncion R]B by Vee Sothas the tGnsiste | Aumains in: auive Aegion Ahrougught the pectin . Tnput signal ® given bo Bare coleetor Juncaon cond Ourput & taken ot EC Junctions Re, Re Cond Ve povstn SupRlin Orc ULed te bios the | 4ramistorand to moirain S- point storote. Tnatead &+ Jo Aequixed Liaw condition cam | be set-up im 0 Ce aarvpities | cvauit using o Ainge power Supe - [F Wang He power Supplier > sigk ofr one ana unit ~~Tpete xe Pe tee PLo Te [Ne Pie Re| When @ SiNUEsOidal Ac sognal 1s copplcad ot ake Up, duning HE olf Cayce vet, | Teh, Whi inbun Tsa we Se and Vo. Thus & tve Sing i]p | signal ABUMs in a +Vve ging | ofp signal - Hen wr a cc ampifier tp and o|p signa | ave in Phare with 00h othr UNA Cro ormpigicoron) I Commi -toane, Ornplifinr ¢ Co a Sinuoroldad AG | StqMad is applied ot LIP, duiriny ve harp eyes Vo¥, Tg), whieh in tun doa te When ond vorrage gain is O-gproxi mata} fee 1 Vo 5 Od Se dete Vo Tea SUghily. Hence in CB ampupier, typ ond o/p Signala car in phase with ech OM. and Khor bs a Lisle auengrification in 0/p signa imputed hybrid CE oneal wy Opproximmase ce hye As the h-pavanncer thon aves Nlary Usiclely {or the, same “type Of Araurvsior TE TS [Ussfies to Make epproramediont ank simplity the exprersiovs for As, Ay, Rr, Ros TH AdcLLION G Helier Lnclerstanc’ Bt the Hehoviour Hf the -raruistor ive can be obtained by “Hing sinplepre, Ihybuid moe In simplified enoctel hoe is Neglected as hoe ws Righo than Ry and since \eoth Aresyaty pix reds Siig S104 2) . | hor Say Lo . ' v | * ag ak webb = ——— HRY oy any | ) ay teay - = AH ; Fy. a shore apowirxoidds puo pvxg buen ey ee IN Fy andwog 4 a | Nvrt'se =? “OG =?F4 « oixy = mY | em a0 nomeed 4 aL 9 aEMOND toad ty dl ohwepadvnn yee) | pure “Wroos =£Y grubdasrew (Pitot ode mimes. abo |S vance’ sa orndare'!39. ug nilifoa “+ ae | : 4 wuctmo sn ug? er 1170, A+ yOOLA sPoUImarddd ay oz 8p e-(6y47g) 2x, ops dle ye Dy Bribe Bray Oh o=tn | 2 "rh = sie Airc Marre: Bi Ty By < SEU = Ay Sx. t Mo Ga Se samme queyannea aanuntosddo ur019@ pun 704 yr yabau dx mamed sy 2 yrs a BH rENDUDI aL, panabw 24 U9? 2A*Y 22NT snHOA Ut lOO mw 7FUBY UIs ys 2turty = HPT MY = MARL: og fq =r C paaba Oy 3s auRO4 “177 Ty 204 “aHmru@ uke Rsv pmoug [OO uo POU mB okndhne pap 4A all ut Predsywhyovre “anys pu sisbpawe aeowoatddy Buren ay Ay ry! ty 09 =7Y ike 27YY Casqoe\ 94 7m nonwomnd-y 39 HL 19006 You BWY poo v bun wndun 29 TH, ATT V0Ob?*Y nUaINY younqur 36 roe aonon Wb z pow 49093 randisoa Ajwos se 74 zhu ap Gay) 22 $0 ompay arownordds 90 print, tayindusy 29 fo warboee 910 $ ¢ ‘A i oy st py) “ympow apourrcardds bur” vodinduay 99 fe syvhioult1+ (2000) ('25)a18° Rg ghee — Ze Mo = (1900) ~ fe _ Jove P2SAN Ay? Axze RRA Ro = thie aoo+1200 \thye ey Approx: Ay = Ase. 2ovox 61 Rs ~ 2.3200 Re= Goon, Pir 2.000% hie © 12005, ‘ne 2K10"™ Wyer bo } 0" hoe 54 pee asmaly iva y hoc hoe aie © ies 12000 We «I ges (ihe) = 76 wey A, = “hen! Ry ~ Wie +’ Ri Cutvege) = 1200+ JO00 (6) = &23200 Eat Ag = She = T+ Zhe = Gl = 5-04 = 58-04 2000 Analysis Of eB model & uxing opprosimate modes. , Tn the Cquivalint cxcuit of Stenpusied Syporid mole, tas, grounded , UB ie cle 2 Aerrninal ,ojp i Collector tem, % €B Congiguration : yet £ ' Appeor mete Fi Ar Ze, ate . co Te - k = 1 ahs Crom Conversion y Rio-Ve 2 —tunie hie |! “ela (he) Tene |e Re = han ” 2 Te Re22M + (3xt5") (0-498) (1000) + 29 29396 Ay Ark © 9.4e4as [1009 4 R ana97) Eas Ys hob = Set Yoow nie + Rs = Onis! au) «3x18 4 | ((az5 + treo J Ro= 1. 135ma | Yo ] Avs > Av Ri, qa gas [2eaae 2.293 Me) asa9a rie 2, 03013, As, > Ake. .0-4985 (1209) Rit Re 28-2834 209 = Ome Ap-Ax¥&y | G. For C8 Adnptapion obuven | = apassxpagas 6 we oy voltage , source of intemal, | cnet Auistance Rg? 1200, R,=1000R — -ApproN : The hepanarmetes are bigs aaa] Ras -hn> ~O%8 e hie? ayio4, hepr -O48- Ris rhie = 220 hob + 0-5 majyou, calculate Aa, Ay = RiChse) Ke Ri, Ay, Ro, Avs, Ars UMN. Cxdtr and cpproumoate Me) itty A, OPP Tahye fe lge = O98 O98 hie DD tow: : Iie = ka 2 Az> The = Wie = hie, 92s hie eho Re Tehye (ag Az 0-9496. We = 50x22 = 190 > hips hye Aa Re Ay 21992 F088) - nas“Gan roe Are » Ae® — 0-48 (1209) Ret 2x Yroe +.(23) Apo Ave Az = -O°8 (CHAS) | 2ofola2 FET Acaptifin s “Te smatt signal models for the common sdure FET can be ured by Analysing the three btasie FET amplifitn Longiguratin Dconmmon source bea 2) Cormmen olralin (01) source Followe 2) Commen gote : The Cs amplifion eich’ provides geod voltage amplification is meat frequinty wred The co amptifin: with high Al dnagedanee and negy unity 7 voltage gain ib Utd or Guger anapigin ond the Cg artigo i Used on Wigh frejuancy omplifio , The small signal geepent | p Cuomene ee Model ee | obvaton | An excellent volbage gain wits, WOWaje signal mole, Por FET & in cs congiguydtion & FET cumple provig, the added feature Of high tp arupedance , They hame dow Pawo Consungtion wit, Qeod Freguency Lange ancl Wutinm sige nd Weigat «Thy | Wroise ofp revel is Joos. Thuis fecxurt rviakes “them VOy ody, dn the cumplifier civouits Meont for small signal amnptigication « Due to vay dnigh spp erepidans, the Up current’ & vay Low The typ current Is generally Megtigivle and Of earl Of Ma and Curent goin ws Negliginte quantity. O)p Lmapedancee votua ore cerparable for both gst ant Fer. Small signal mods for FET: | 2 Sena Ngnal current source go, Vos 4 po we ken cypuvalent equivatent agnal mv bur tac terminal. Voltage.» drain tex And sour oe Rave© srradt signal voltage source raatd for FET LO GS congiguration + | aa aq worn custent Surce avch 1 pom igh impedance. Ty=0 50, Ves a» Open ps vst Kendle -thevenin’s Cogedy cyuvatenE et ip and Norton'c 4 equivalent from O57 srry weslly signa) “evioc in’ Ca4e of BT, of ut in core Of FET ak the gate | im tesminak ushich ts Op Moe voltage o> open and ak the drain terminal, berween olin, Spe ANd source ot eurput Aicle ose ave Mostoi's equbratunt ushue current source (9¥9s) & to parallel with Auyisbance si oat fo voltage source mode ts Mdrawn for FET in CS ” Configuration wath @ Cyuvalent uhue © VO (He) B placed im SOien with dhe rvdBtaree (Rar tage SOurce youage Sure -YMidoleh “singe FET | To FET fwo eppects (®) Simdauy o Strait sigrel Hrewehills > caitted to0ahy occu: | D Body efgect + Wihen source | and substrate aie ot aitterent potential Hnvernold voltage Vor and wocly eect Occur and 6 Ss Cidkctea | Locror called Yrnv'os | ox the ofp sce vin poral | vith the cusrent source tt coue’ of MosFet. | Chonind Leng mocurasion + | pa voltage de ogpued 49 | goae and source and alae | vi, dsain and source the channeh Jangth OF He Vooues | Uakvich. cabled ctnainnd Wath | modulation oF modulation Channa wich,To = + * vO . tov Used to stabitice — ‘°F & pane. Noltage Source smabl signal For CS amplifin: 2 G nD . rae vo & 2 one “TE Tit —ti. | {: ° Ye simple common soune OM pllfiGr and the Cocicated Small signal equivcuent circuit uring voltage source mectel OP FET is shown in figuia. | Voltage gon ¢ | Source xeristance Rok wed to set the B- point wu is | wi. forces for mick frequency Operation - fom the smal Signal model: Vo = = Re UN gs | Common source SFET ampugrers 5 f Ay =o. ge | mE | ; At | “ ® ister on a 00 ; phan snap, | O° Cinateater We" phase Smif yor in “GS amputee) $ >T/P impedance’: Ls | 8a * Ze= Re (because no . Current ftow) 9m > Op impectance : o> Gallo (ead> Re) Zon Rp Ay > Op ‘impedance is meaaured at Off dzevminals sith’ +e A)R voltage ushen Vid 7 Ves=O and pve. -0 Sma &.Th the cs arnpuifier shown in #9 Rp - Ska , Rez loma, G0 Ond ra = 35k .O. Evatudde Av, Zi ond 2. Any * [ Ay “bRp | 4 Rotay ae . CSeNSxuc) 6-25 art (sa1o*) + (sare)Re ome Seo ga net ompusir Un Hoe configuration UO a loach os nominee of SO0K% » The Ac own roestance Of the olewice ts yooKn and the WOM Lonductan. Ons Aly CALCU VOILA ge goin of he omaplifier Ri=Ra * $00Kn oon CarrRar Gen? 0-3 OY Be Gent ha 3 3 0-8 m9 £10010 - 80 Ay [Sco 00)K0" ~ 66.66% Srna signal mods * Common ot abe comnplines “The ond the rode ic gine voltage Neo i Wrote catty she voltane gaouete small signed anen in PiGuNe, determined then Nox, gOUN in thy O/p Cruse is expremid en rev Of Veo Wins Thuerun's thearern {Nev The ofp voltage Ve No = ® Bw By ae” en = Ret) Nya Rs(MEDEAA Noe JtRs Vea | Rs( any +a | one ne A Nie Vow = MRs\aa (Rs at) +4a)(Vae)dit-ses = Pst + (Liev) (is ) ryssuqer) PiXSe xo * Pysy = OZ sy wo) = by <3 eg x OIKy = Pee cary visy hy UY OZ puwo 12 AY aqum~wI = was?’ PLO og=rY / aswol= Yl Savy lorndusrd a2 y+ ur-» \277, Pye oer) 5Y re + iu _———7y C= aay z Pw Sy ay sy 2 OZ Pe GD —, -*V say