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Range: It is the simplest measure or dispersion. It is the difference between the highest and lowest terms of a series of the observation Range = XH~ XL Where XH= Highest variate value And XL= Lowest variate value In practice, very high and very low values are very infrequent, but if theyappear, the range is affected disproportionately. It is affected by fluctuations of sampling, and is completely unrelated with any type of frequency distribution PROPERTIES OF Range 1) Its value usually increases with the increase in the size of the sample. 2) It is usually unstable in repeated sampling experiments of the same size and large ones. 3) It is a rough measure of dispersion and is entirely unsuitable for precise and accurate studies. The only merit possessed by Range are that it is (i) simple, (ii) easy to understand, and (iti) quickly calculated. It is often used in certain industrial work. Standard Deviation:- SO is the measures of dispersion of a set of data from its mean. It measures the absolute variability of a distribution, the higher the dispersion of _ variability, the greater will be the magnitude of the deviation of the value from their mean. ‘The SD measures the spread of the data about the measure value. It is usefulbin comparing sets of data which may have the same mean but a different range. E.g. the mean of the following 2 sets is the same 1)15,15,15,14,16 and ii) 2,7, 14, 22, 30 merize continuous data, not It is used in conjunction wih the mean to sum ly appropriate Idition the SD, like the mean, is normally on! categorical data. In ad wed or has outlier when the continuous data is not significantly ske\ he given data set. In 50 tells us how far is the mean from each observation int ‘other words, it shows the typical deviation. Characteristics and uses of 5.0. 1) Itis rigidly defined >) Its computation is based on all the obs 3) ifall the variate value are the same, S.D.=0 4) 5.0. is the least affected by fluctuations of samPlI"g 5) It is affected by the change of scale, but not affected by tl ervations. he change of, origin. uses:- erent statistical quantities like, regression a)It is used in computing diff coefficients, correlation coefficient, etc, And in connection with business cycle analysis. dy its also used in testing the reliability of cer tain statistical measures, oa relative measure of dispersion. It Is is is als re of central it of the widely used measu Cofficient Of Variation (CV)=-Thi lean, And S.D. It is given bY ‘on account especially important Arithmetic M tendency and dispersion i.e. C.v.

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