Test 6 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes) Part 1 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap, There is an example atthe beginning (0) ‘Markco answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: OA typical B usual D standard Solar Power for Indian Villages Gulab Devi looks lke @ (0) a rural woman from Rajasthan in north-west India, She can neither ead nor wite, but fs (1)... @ SuCeesefUl ploneer in the Barefoot Solar Engineering Project, a scheme (2)... to bring Solar power to hundreds of vilages across India. The availabilty of solar power (2)... women from the arduous tesk of searching for wood for fuel ‘and also reduces their (4)... 0 unhealthy wood smoke. Gulab is her family's sole breadwinner. Her job as a solar engineer (6)... making electronic and she and her feriy are able to live comfortably coreults and chargers for solar lighting par ‘on her salary Most of the engineers in the scheme are women, and are tained at the Barefoot College (6) by social worker Bunker Roy. His (7)... is to address problems by building on skits that people aleacly have, and then place the solutions to their problems in their own hands, erly (@) are thatthe projet is having a powerful impact on the lives of women like Gulab, furthermore demands setdown pursuit signals frees Tatty satin hints eo 2000000 evertheless exposure setup determination suggestions > . > D > D D D atemativaly deslaned lite involves aside tendency indleationsPart 2 For questions 8-18, reed the text below and think of the word which best fis each gap. Use only fone word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) \irte your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet eanote [5]E] Are You Happy Where You Work? step to being happy at work, but () the Fight workplace Finding a job you love is the fst ‘environment is equally important, Greatly, hare work and bright ideas come (8)... BostVe, people are allowed the fteadom to think, develop and happy working environments in (10) express themselves. Ws important for everyone to have (11)... ow eleary-defined work ace, even if the workplace adopts an ‘open plan’ style, as so many offices now (12) Relaxation areas where people meet to chat and discuss ideas curing office hours are regarded (19). particulary Beri ‘Acking plents tothe working environment can also (14)... offices to Me, since they increase ‘oxygen levels, purty the air end can create @ calming and more productiv@ environment. Finally the lighting (15)... be right, because it can have a huge ettect on people's moods. I offices are too harshly It, (16) nu. ean resutin anger and headaches and lead to lack of concentration. 2 | i i 1 Part jestions 17-24, .ad the text below. Use the word given i pitas a the end of some ofthe lines to form a word that fs n the gap in the same line, Thers is an example atthe beginning () wits your ansi examote: [0][ale[ le] i171 ¥] eee Camels in the Arctic? CCamele are well known for thelr (0) nto survive the heat of the desert; however, solentsts have unearthed the fossilised remains of @ giant camel that (17) tne forests of the High Arctic ‘more than three mnilion years ago. The ancient beest was almost three metres in (18) bout a thie! bigger than its modern (19) the Arabian camel. Remains of the animal were found ‘on Elesmes Island, the most northerly and (20)... island of the Canadian Acti a ipolago. (21)... from previous expeditions have shown that the camel's ancestors (22)... in North America 45 milion years ago, but this is the fist evidence of camels so far north, According to Mike Buckley, «researcher who studied the latest remains this ancestor of modern camels may already have developed some of the (23)... that helped it survive in harsh climates ~ the hump for fat (24)... for instance, the large fat feet ideal for either snow or sand, and the big {hat perhaps helped when long, dark winters made visibility poo: ;¢1N CAPITAL LETTERS on the seperate answer sheet ABLE HABIT Hig DESCEND MOUNTAIN, FIND onicin ADAPT STORETei 6 Part 4 | 98 itwas Sarah's ideas that enabled uso put on F questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has @ similar meaning tothe fst FOR sentence, using the word given. De not change the word given. You must use between three Ideas, we wouldn't have been abi to put on @ successful land six words, including the wore given, Hare ls an example (0) q c ent have be 4 ‘shor Example: ras the only person inthe soe who dnt came to my ferews party 0 James would only speak to the head of department alone ; 7 2 | EXCEPTION on | Everyone inthe stret tomy frewel pay Jomes to the head of department alone i ‘The gap can be filed with the words ‘insisted on speaking’, so you write: Boo The concert chould have started about three hows ago. Example: [0] [NESTED ONSrEARNG [eamesueanas DUE : reconcer about three hours age, \Witeonty ne missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer shoot. i — _ a. 25 Yourbooks wil be despatched on receipt of your order provide they are instock i SOON i 4 ‘We will despatch your books the order provided they are In ; stock, : 25. Because the gymincreaad ts fee ast month, lam no longer a member up the gym ts fees ast month, | woud stilbo a member 27 The driver said thet we were delayed because an earlier train had broken down, ‘CAUSED ‘According to the ever, ur breakdown of an eater train, MPart You ara going o rsd an article about the future of newspapers. For questions 31-36, choose answer (A,B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, The Future of Newspapers ‘nybedy who saye they con olay toecast the hur of newspaper ie eth Boy fo. Look a the slg, aed nowezenrs seam Gocmed, inc S00, tie ctalaish of rst Uk seal das ‘ab lalen by bebvecr'a third ane hal The suoriave Meu Reacarch Carte nthe USK pore that Cecapn ow th ma tu fran se peg UO ccs es soe! % pace in 20brine eno shoraoe of popets us conden rst at he at ned fewaape wi So ‘safely buried within 15 years at most. pee Yetone ofthe few rail fact of storys told mada nave a habit af surviving An ovecenubernt New ‘Yous auras announced in 1635 tat books and thats nave had thet Cay ante Say newspaper would bbecomo he greatest organ cf social fe. Theare Gul whstood not Sry the netepaner bat iso enema nd than television. Reco has ourahed inthe TV age: Geman ura, has Ped ie own agaist visoos an DDvbe. Even wry recerds have mad @ comeback, wih oninw sale up 785 pcan since 2008, Newspapers themselves were once rew masia although it took several centuries before they became the slominant medi fr awe. This was not solely Necause producing up toate ne fora lye readerenp vera wide area became grscteabie and eancne aly inthe mid-loth century, wth te steam press, ‘he ‘alway and Whe Icloraph. Equal Important as tho emergence othe Ides that everyting around Us ic constant movement and we Need tobe upestog cn its cancion at regular tavala ~ a Concept {ute alen in medieval times and probably 2go 19 most people ine ear Modern era, Now, We expect change. eau medina ncetore, noes, he ny ren wer tne pacing o th sean purus byeatesrophes sucn ac famuno, food se lasase that they had no relate means af anticontng, Lil, 23 the wna Alan de Seton pus t was ‘eljelably eyleal and ihe mostimacrtaneuiha wee scuring Journalism 3s fulime rade om which you couk hope to make a fing hardy ested before th ath eran Even then. Pare was nd ees rason ty most people meade hans 8 2 egur sa whether ‘aly oF wey. some respects, regulary of newspaper publeaton ano sig of format waar ed remsing, 2 burden. Orin news reeders can ap mand bit according to Row they percave he Ugeiey Gf events. increasingly sophisticated search engines and agra alow’ to ursanaiee the now 1 ‘ur on pts ad interest. When important stoves break, Inome! news provide can post mine Brminte updates Enon, igconcepton and foalsh paculion can be corected or Towed ost «stant. Tore ate no space resrciona Yo prevent ratve or ana}, ana Gocanents Cr evens ced ‘noe slots an ten be aed Ad eu word voy the svaacet of reoupe Pubtostin. Yr few ry prongs soem ave tthe new mediums capac or seeding understand rs enightenment. ° : Instead, the anvily is sways to be fat with the news, to mavinise reader comment, to create hes Sound ar ur ane hus a6 tothe sense of contusion inthe medieval wo, wnat now thre was Was ual exchanged amis the babble of re marketplace ore avr, anor rth comocted wth tumour mshearing and misunderstanding, In some respects his (thal word that we soem to Be eluring Newspapers eve never been very Good ~ or ot ae good as they ough To be al tong vs how the ‘worl works, Perhaps they paw face extnclon. Or perhaps a tho internet merely ads to what de Boon Seccrisen 2s our sense that wo Ive i'n tinmorovatse and fundomenaly chee unas" they i ‘scover at hey and they alone can gga usta wacom and verstaneing at 36 inthe first paragraoh, the writaris presenting ris interpretation of a currant rand, ‘evidence that supports a wicesor Fis prediction onthe future of print journalist reasons forthe decline in newspaper readership, What point isthe writer making in the second paragraph? A. Existing media are not necessary replaced by naw ones. The bast macia technologies tend to be the most iong-asting, (© Public enthusiasm for new types of media is often unpredictable. tis inavitable that most media technologies will havea limited ite ‘wien phrase In the sacond paragraph has the same meaning as “held ts own against in lina 107 A. “had ther day’ B ‘withstood © ourished D ‘made a comeback In the thre paragraph, the writer stresses the signficance of A. a shit in people's attitudes towards the oursice world. B_ certain koy 19th contury advancos in mochaniation. the challenges of news cietibution inthe pre-industal era D_ tho competition between newspapers and more established media, What does the writer suggest fs the main advantage of online news sites? > the flexiiity of the modiurn B_ theaccuracy ofthe reporting © the ease of access for thei users the breadth oftheir potential readership What does the writer suggest about newspapers in the final paragraph? A They sll have an important roe to play. B. They can na longer compete with te internet. © They will have to change to keep up withthe digital age. 1D. Thay will retain a iavel of popularity among certain types of readers,Test 6 Part6 You are going to read extracts from four erticles in which museum directors glve thelr views on museums. For questions $7=40, choose fram the exacts A-D. The museum directors may be chosen more than ance, Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, Museums [A Statistics show thet museums are going tom strength te atrangth in tems of vitor mutes, which an ‘encouraging sign in our computer obsessed soclty. Onno aooase Increasingly rules how we aparaach infomation today, end museums have to engage win tis to stay relevant, That sec picture ona screen canot replace material engagement wih an bject. Uniotuat, mary people sil have rather outed ideas of what museums are Ike, Ielcing Geen that they are highebron instiuions aimed al soine International se, which is cleary a larger the case, pariulty withthe eral ones. With efor. 8 ‘museum can be the heat ofa commu, resarng the stares which srs important to these wo ve ear an ow of many sven museums al ever the county wnin are fing 1 is interesting that psope who do ct think wee about ving @ museum when an hea very rarely sstfoot none the rest othe imo, bu is s nothing fo do wi a fale to accommodate wide ange of Pople ~ museums deine de that nowadays. tink tis mote that hen we ae enenchad in ow cay Fouts. museums are not high on oust of roti, Braking out ofthat outs gles you the opty todo diferent tangs. meng ther tings ike waite museums, Pato the sppesl of mesure, of course, fe th chanoo 0 vw objects fom arcund the ors anc gt Tana of ance ute Although ee ae rigorous export contls stooping bjects of rational elgncance boing eld stroad, tart tha tert ‘museums car co-operate aangefeceroca sane or spec exons © Nussums are clay Koon to capitalise cn the posites offered by the ntrnet, anit is @vakabe too! for extending accass Excatlons can eran on view on our webste inden ater a phy sow Nas ‘been csmanted nd people have the opportunity ta examine fascinating arelacts and works fs Feral corners ofthe glsaein much greater etal than they an in he galery. The only lonmside of he ncrzacng expectation of online acess that | ean S60, is thst provincial museums lee out othe ge rational, 2 thor mov tnited resaurees moan the carrot hope to compete. Im cornoed that hee what behind thal fing vitor numbers. Having aid that. on anatenal vel, more people fee that museums are rolovant to everyone, ath than Asta ct ow, anc Ms has ary mace 9 ciference. woul ove to think that people come through the door of nsutins such ae mine because they want 10 ‘open their minds to new ngs, bu, whe that mayb ue ofa fe, know tal the mao are tor ‘Be ety wh are incucing oe or Ro Museums nthe iinerary inorder fo ad vary. Having sid tha, realy hope rat thoy eave wih 2 wish to come hack. oro try oer musesrs aso hk thee ssl {Tong way to go in toms of winning over vaio rom lee priviege acxgraunde In ths age cl fst hanging, usertondly digital fechnology, many peopa fee imimdated by te rather dry acadrsc way inutich many sll spay thor ext No ave now working a great el mare win overseas museums, and, ln action to allowing us to corstarly change the tee we have on dpa, we nave foun that ts rages MUSEUMS, and even governmnts, fo engage In Sogue 38 | | | Which museum director has a ciferant opinion from © on the value of using cgital media to present exhibits? haves Bs view on the further beneft of museums exhibiting objects from ‘other countries? has # atfrent opinion from A sbout the success of local museums? has @ diffrent opinion from the others about how well mussums cater for all levels of society? »Part? You ate going to read a magazine article about ways of reusing escaped heat. Si se been removed from the article, Chaesa from the paragraphs A-G the one vic Mts each gap (1-48), There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use, Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet City of Heat Escaped heat costs us money and affects our emate. Chelsoa Waid ‘reports on a grand plan to capture it and put i to good use. underground allay. asin many arnnd the sori, i350 hot it-can feel sery uncomfortable. And yet ip the tusement of a building only few metre 2¥ay From the station a bole fing to hea waer fer Deep in the tunnels of London! a Recaphuring i would jut Benefit ou wallet. ft wuld reverse some of the damaging effets on the ‘mate, The good news fs that several cites have founda yay tam own ther spas beatin tome unexpected places ‘Thete ces are building Systems that einer Beat sa touch the same wa tha suppers handle electricity and water Could they pom the way fo the neat energyeevouton 2 1k vas ako estimated that gen the night technologies we could edi neal Daf of that tery altho thas easier sid than done. We fen talk about che quantiy of wate heat sys David MacKay, hie sentiie adver tthe UK Department of Energy ae) Climate Change, bat rot the quality. Most of what we dink of a vate Heat st acyl chat tabu sist perene i yw 290°C. While cht any sound prety too cold wo tum a tusbine to generite electri fa ‘There, buildings tp nto the ast to warm their ter supplies ori for central heating. Many untses are encour such cogeneration, as it IP ealled, AUS inate, for mcample might save 40 the country $10 billon per year Anal cogeneration allows power plants to bump up thet effviences from tity percent almost ety peste [s] As it happens, there i an exiting technology hat can siphon energy fom such temperate, although applving t 9 a luge sale wo caprure frste heat its yet whachieable. Ground source Feat pumps se beer helping the refrigeration process to extract Beat fom the 4s “The mechanism for thir simple. A veawork of Tipes imaker 4 cree between the inside Aveling and 4 co buried underground. These pipes comin a uni of water and Aid refrigerane AS'the hud mixture travels through the. pipes bored underground, ie aeorbs the hest from the TG i — This system is powerful enough to efficiently prove heat even in places 3 cold a8 Norway and Alaska. Ie ko cheap, Srentits around the word fre now working on the ides thatthe way ahend Sto develop citywide grids wing soureeeat Damp to yee waste on a grander sale, fom ounces such ar subwaye and sewers Feat from inside the building found thar the energy Ibe at heat eseh year ty US industey equaled. the smnual energy tse of five milton clizens. Poner generation i imsjor culprit the heat lost ory that seco lone dvars the total energy use of Japan. The ‘fees oad vehicles and trains. However waste feat from these myriad sources rach harder to larneds than the waste heat from aogle Concentrated sources like power plants, What’ more ts barely warm enough to merit ks name Redsiming tit would be an allngether more ‘itil proposicr A raore succesful wy of wing the heat i co They caper some or all of the and wend it~ as sess ov eh water ~U emork of pipes to nearby ees ugh a The sytem takes advantage of the Get that F While hie 6 nor what you mighe ens x nonetheless camer the liquid to eiporate tntaa gas, When this gs culate back ito the Uhukdng, ee fed though compressor hich sasty intents the heat. That heat can then be tied bra heat exchanger i warm wp bot water Rather than sewing In thar excess eat, wh in power Plants fo powering a car = more an Fitypeneeot ofthe energy we ase leaks inte the 41Part 8 You are going to read an aisle about the value of boredom. For questions 47-56, sections (A-D), The sections may be chosen more than ance. Mark your answers on the separste answer sheet Which section points out a drawback in fating to allow time for mundane reflection? ccommants on a personal experience of using a particular psychological technique? ‘comments on the broad appeal that a particular notion might potently have? suggests that boxeciom as way of dealing with a problem is nota new idea? distinguishes between mere relction and conscious avoidance of imental stimulation? refers to the communication of an erroneous message? refers to an activity indicative of modern life taking place in various locations? cuties @ positive consequence of distancing enessi from technology? ‘explains that a particular facing supported existing knowledge? remarks on the sigrificance of monatony in the development ofthe human species? 100se fom the Time Out itsoems thet e a (Consider any public place where people used to Gry # spot of sient contemplation = from tala Eorages and beauty spots 10 cur focal teats nd these daye youll see people plugged into thor seductive electrons -cources of constant ‘ll ths Infermation overoed seems Ie a erbiy modern-day probe. But one unique {hike tual tuned an a past solution sera {decades agp: radical boredom, In 1842, a Geman trier caled Stegied Kareauer wrote despavingly Sith massive over-stmuaion of the modern city share peope listening fo tho radio were ina state Bt pamanont receptivity. constaly pregnant With London, th Eifel Tower Garin” His answer wes {0 suggest a period of total windrawal fom inlton = f2 cut aursaes of and experence fetranrinary radlesl boredom. On a sunny aernoon when everyone i outside, one Would dd best to hang aout the Wan ston, ne wots. ‘Or blir yt tay at Rome, ast the cain ad surrender dnesef to ones boredom cn the sta 8 Korcauor betoved that actively pursuing boredom bh this way was a valuable means of unlocking playful wid Goa far away ‘rom pain realty ana Deter sti, sieve "a nd of bls that = almost eanhy', We 2 beaut theory and ono. tha ‘aould defintely old an alae for mary. peopl Plus. modern research suggests that it-mighl actualy have a sound psychoogicl basis. To tat ‘he potential postives of Boredom, payehologst (DF Sandi Mann asked @ group of 40 people 70 compete 2 task designed to showcase ther Ceatvty. But befowe they got stated on i a Suogroup wae asked to porerm 2 sulably dul teak copying, mumbers from telephone ‘irectory for 15. minutes, The dats. pointed to the group that had provously encured beredom ‘spaying more creative ak during the t33k than the conto! gr. According to paychoiogats this Is normal, because when people become bored and stat to dayaream, thelr minds come up with Aflerentprocessas an they workout mare crestve Selutons ta probleme, 10 ahift away could be good for us © nis would suggest perhaps, that by over stmulatng our minds, were nol just moka furseliss more etszceg, we're also missing out n'a chance to unhook aur thoughts fom the daly Syd and think mere cestively. Having aid the ayohotgiste also point out that despite is bac feputation, Davecom has a definite evalutonary tasers in a papetual stale of amazomert. Just imagine “Wow - ok at fast fantastic cereal at the Bottom cf my Bow" R may ae very etiusating, but we'd never get aying done.” That puts is mind of adits who are scdcted to social mes ‘nd sive pones ~ stlention-seeking, scursing ‘Scund tha itemet seaming LOOK at this! Look fat them! Look at me! wie the ree wade Dayan the sloctenie evens. continues on untro.tlad a unexamined. Meanwhile, as Mann points ou ‘were moomecty teaching our actual teddies Bist Dovedm and lack of stimulations someting to be feared ether than emoraced. > So how do you lean to tctoaty embrace periods ‘of vata! boredom? The eet step oateing that {hes cflerent trom simply taking time to ponder lial you've done since gating up that moming ‘Using boredom postively is about cresting new ‘opportunities whon your mind ft ccoupied ane you can't focus an enying alsa,” says Mann. Ths aula be as simp 38 staring out the window or wiatoning the ran come down. Or heading of {salty walk wth no fixed estnton in ein, ‘or your smart phone in your poset. Anything that ‘vee your mind the rare chance 10 dt ol ‘moonnge ean realy tecommand i, says Mane, The a great experience ~ ke taking @ olay orm your bran’ im datinaty sale rm trying to Koop my hone turned of aang the weekenes and alow Inyeal the ede, steamy wallow on the sofa cung tho week, time porting. And the best thing works. Aor taking a break and allowing my md {o roam, it retune olteshed and revitalized ith lresh take on the challenges that | face during the Say, When my Osughter gets to an age when she's ready to whine ‘Tm Bored, Ill know exaety wha aTest 6 WRITING (1 hour 30 minutes) Part 1 ‘You must answer this question, Write your answe in 220-260 words in an appropriate syle, + Your clase has had a discussion about the importance af stories for young children. You! made tha notes below: Waysin which stories for young children are important: + entertalnment * education Some opinions expressed inthe | eiscuseion = social values | ‘Strlas are fun ‘Starlas develop children’s vocabulary. ‘Chil beh 1 find out the diference right and wrong. ‘Writ an essay for your tutor discussing two of the ways in which tories for young children ‘are important from your notes. You should explain which way you think is more important, providing reasons for your opinion, ‘You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed inthe discussion, but you should Use your own words as fer as possible, Part2 ite on answer to one of the que ‘an appropriate style. 2-4 in this part, Write your answer in 220-260 wi 2 Youhave been stusying at your international college fora year, The Principal of the eoleg has asked you to wate a report about the study resources olfered to students, suggesting nays in which these resources could be improved for next year Witte your report. 3. Youhave recently baen on an activity holiday and decide to whe & review ofthe holiday fora ‘travel magazine. In your review, descrie the particular activty holiday, and evaluate to what ‘extent it met your expectations eng whsther you would encourage other people to try this kind of hota. rte your review. 4 The company you work foris considering the idea ofa exible working day, where stat xe ‘able o vary ther stating and finishing time. The manager of your department has asked you to write @ proposal exolaining hy introducing afexiole working day would benefit both the company and its emplayees. You shoul alsa suggest how a fleible working day could ‘operate in your own department Write your proposal