1, Which thermometer is the best for measuring rapidly changing tem. peratures? ‘A~a clinical thermometer B a liquid-in-glass thermometer \@~a thermocouple D all thermometers are equally good (306/P1/Q17) 2, The temperature shown by a mer- cury-in-glass thermometer increases, ‘ Which of the following is constant? ‘A. the density of the mereury B the internal energy of the mer- my : ve the mass of the mercury D the volume of the mercury * ‘ (N06/P1/Q15} 3. A thermocouple thermometer uses a voltmeter to measure the e.m.f. generated between two junctions. ‘The junctions are at temperatures t, and t,,"To calibrate the thermometer, fixed points are’ needed. . LVJe What are the values of f, and ¢, when the thermometer is calibrated at the steam point? Tople 9 Temperature REE elaborate MC@ Section 4. Which instrument is most suitable for measuring a rapidly chan temperature?) | 77 Shanging A. alcohol-in-glass thermometer B clinical thermometer C mercury-in-glass thermometer YB thermocouple ‘worjetiqne) 5, The diagram shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer. 0 20cm 22.00m e ; D 7 OFC quid cotumn: 100°C At 0°C, the length of the liquid col- umn is 2.0cm. At 100°C, the length of the liquid column is 22.0 cm. ‘What is the length of the liquid col- umn at 40°C? A 60cm C. 88cm B 80cm B710.0em + 108 /P1/Q15) “6 A thermocouple thermometer is made from two wires connected to a voltmeter. copper wire aC} wire X Which arrangemient gives a reading on the voltmeter?. A tae {temperature of voltmeter| wire X. A 0°C 0°C ‘A| colder than hot junction | copper | ~ wy 0c 100°C Lar colder than het junction |. jron Cc) 25°c “orc | same as ot junction | cpper| D| 25°C 195°C D|_ same as hot junctién | iron 1307/P1/Q15) ‘0v08/P1/@17] Scanned with CamScanner ICQ Answers 1. _ Athermocouple has a iw heat capacity which makes it suitable for measuring, rapidly, changing temperatures. ‘The other two. thermom- eters havea glass exterior ‘which fsa poor conductor of:heat 30 they take a longer time to measure @ cchangeintemperature. 2 C - When the mer- crys heated, the density: of the mercury decreases. ‘The volume and internal energy of the mercury bothincreases.. 3. B. fad 4D. Fad. 183“ee 7. What makes a liquid-in-glass ther- ‘mometer sensitive to a small change of temperature? ‘A a bulb with a thin glass wall B a shiny'liquid in its bore C a stem with a thick glass wall ‘Dd very narrow bore 509/P1/Q15) 8 Tocalibrate a thermometer, without using another thermometer, fixed points are required. Which statement is correct? A. Any temperatures can be used as fixed points. \B- Both a lower fixed point and an ‘upper fixed point are required. © Only a lower fixed point is D Only an upper fixed point is required. 1N09/P1/Q15) 9, The diagram shows a clinical ther- mometer. « glass tube mercury constiction ore Which factor affects the sensitivity of the thermometer? ‘A_ the constriction z \W the diameter of the bore © the length of the glass tube D the thickness of the glass tube 10/P1/Q17) 10. A certain liquid is used in a liquid- in-glass thermometer. It does not expand uniformly with temperature, What effect will thi veal of th target ne CT wil be non-linear, B. It will have a small range, © The markings will be close together. D The markings will be far apart, (11/P1/Q19) 10d bai makes a oineal thermorsler 11 Wee efor measuring small changes in body temperature? ‘A. The amount of meroury in the bulb.is small. tine bore of the capillary tube is Br ©. The capillary tube is Jong. D The glass bulb has a thin wall. (Ni1/P1/QU7] nce has a melting point of 12, A supetety a boing point of 117°C. In which state does the substance exist at -10°C and at 110°C? [[atai0 at 110°C fa] solid liquid IB}, solid gas liquid liquid P| gas i} (J12/P1/Q20] 13.-The diagram shows four thermom- eters. sec} | 40°C read 45°C al 40°c zl 35°c| : 36%¢ as a 20°C el 30°c| oe | P - e Scanned with CamScanneropie 9 Temperature % Which thermometer has the greatest MCO9Z page 3 Thhak ia Process 17. The diagram shows a i + Visitivity and which thermomete eee fenstne greatest range? ae emaelee amt [amr] aon sensitivity. 1 t 7 =) : a ee 5 qu turn 8 At O°C, the length of the liquid (912/P1/Q18) & (N16/P1/Q17) 14. liguid-in-glass thermometer con. sits of a bulb containing a liquid ‘which expands into a very thin eap- illary tube bulb ‘Capillary tube ‘The liquid in the thermometer is replaced by the same volume of a different liquid: that expands more for the same temperature rise, ‘The new thermometer will have A. greater sensitivity and a greater range. : \B greater sensitivity but a smaller a. © the same sensitivity and the same rangé. D the same sensitivity but a greater range. 1N12/P1/Q18} 1. Aliguid-in-glase thermometer ‘contains mercury. ©" ‘Which physical property of the mer- cury varies with temperature, uabling the thermometer to operate? A mass B melting point © resistance volume’ : (313/P1/Q17] 16 The temperature shown by a mer- + Gminglass thermometer increases. , Which of the following is constant? A the density of the mercury the internal eniergy of the ite mass of the mercury the Volume of the mereury (N13/P1/Q17] am column is 2.0 em. At 100°C, the length of the liquid column is 22.0 em, ‘What is.the length of the liquid column at 40°C? aes A 60cm. B 80cm © 88cm 10.0 cin ta1diPr/Q1s) 18. A thermometer is used to measure a temperature of 80°C. Which thermometer is the niost sensitive? 40-30 0 20 40 60 80 100 120.140 160 / oe 50607080 50100 10 120135 140 150 2035 60 65 90-95 4110 425 140 155.170 oD 020 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 D +, fd14/P1/Q20) if 19. The diagram shows a clinical at thermometer. . mercury constriction bore ass tube Which factor affects the sensitivity of the thermometer? ‘A. the constriction oS diameter of the bore © the length of the glass tube D. the thickness of the glass tube 1Ni4/1/@131 ' _ 185 Scanned with CamScannerTople 9 Temperature is fixed next to rentimetre scale is fixed an A neg an thermometer ‘The ice point a marked. co pont 1d the steam point are contimetre scale” What is the temperature shown on the thermometer? A 4c ‘856°C c 60°C D 66°C INI4/P1/Q14] 21. Ina liquid-in-glass thermometer, the liquid column is 20cm long at 0°C and it expands 10.0cm when heated to 100°C. : 12.00m | 10.00m ! —— 100°C ‘Measuring from P, how long is the liquid column at. 30 °C? Alps eat BS 80ce 6.0.em D> 7.0cm i (918 /P1/Q17] 22; Which substance in the table i liquid at-20 °C? aie (915 /P1/Q18) 19. B The sen of a liquid therm i ee Proportional tothe the: teniineasr ie : a 1 ‘Segsitivity c—- er a “Therefore, the mein ‘clinical themmont rises. more‘in a rarn bore fora smal change temperature. (b) Scanned with CamScannerquestion I pig. 8.1 shows a thermometer. (a) ixplain how to calibrate a thermometer. Ye (3) (e) @ State the range of the thermometer in Fig/3.1; Yay (i) State how you know that the scale of the thermometer in Fig, 8.1 is near. 2 a) (c) Fig. 3.2 shows a thermometer which is more sensitive'than the thermom- eter in Fig. 3.1. Only 0 °C is marked on'this new thermometer, On Fig. 3.2, draw the temperature ‘markings for 10°C and 20 °O. [1] (207/P2/Q3), | (@) Alower fixed point (0 °C) is marked on the thermometer by placing its bulb in pure melting ice and then the upper fixed point (100 °C) is marked on it by placing its bulb in steam from the boiling water at standard atmospheric pressure, The distance between these two marks is divided into 100 equal Parts. Each division is then equal to 1°C. © 120° or ~10°C to 110°C - (i) Since the distance between each division along the scale is the same, so the scale of the thermometer is linear. opie 9 Tomperaire @ Theoy9 H page 1 THI Akin & COMMENT on ANSWER ‘(o) Since the mercury level of a more ‘sensitive thermometer shows a more rising ‘for an increase in. temperature, so the spacing between O'to "40. and 10 to 20 ‘willbe greater on the thermometer in’ fig. 32 than the ~ thermometer in ig. 3.1 which is less sensitive, 127 Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 2 : : ig. 9.1 shows a flask, party full of ign and partly full of ei Fig. 9.1 When the flask is heated, the pressure ofthe air inside the flask increaises and the liquid rises up the tube. nee (a) Explain, using ideas about molecules, why heating the air inside the. causes the pressure to increase. fi (b) A teacher uses the flask as a thermometer, He matks the liquid level at 0°C and at 100 °C. 7 () Describe how the teacher obtains these temperatures, 2 (i) State two ways in which the thermometer can be made more seis (i) The thermometer has a non-linear scale. Explain what is meant by a non-linear seale on a thermometer. [2] (c) The inner cross-sectional area of the tube is'5.0 x 10-* m?, The density of liquid in the tube is 1200 kg/m’. ‘The distance between X and Y is 0.15m. The gravitational field strength g is 10N/kg. Calculate @) ‘the mass of liquid in the tube, By (@D) the weight of liquid in the tube, m (ii)the pressure at th f qui pervs 7s atthe bottom ofthe tube caused by the liquid eolumn 3) (4) When the flask is completely full of liquid, the uid moves * snr dtsoce rte sane empertue vse Sas eh? (313/P2/Q5) me (@) On heating, kinetic energy of air molecules ix creases, harder a ns 7 it the flask walls and the liquid surface more frequently, Tg en bith Bres- Sure to increase, (©) @) The liquid level at 0° can be : Spl ld lvl a 00s eng Maka pare tng crag’ boiling water at the standard atmospheric peace flask in steam eee tevin ea Scanned with CamScanneropie 9 TOMPOR Theory 9 page g Thinkin S P. O- 2 $ 1. By using a glass tube of a narrower bore, @ 9, By using a larger flask, : COMMENT on ANSWER ‘i ina ieee 2 §&) Ako, the Ci eee aa dhe theraty divisions are not equally spac, Sucka sale e eerela ane ee erpemetrc Liquid rises through different distances mado mre sosive for same temperature rise due to the non-uni erik sans as Mass = density x volume = having more air @ += density (crossectional area x height) : sri nih te ‘ =1200x(6.0x10" x0,15) & # = using a ul tat =0.009 = 9.010 kg % 4 ‘xpands ore on ped f heating. i) Weight, W=mg “ =0.009%10 = 0.09 N - g ax ey (i) Pressure = pgh @ Q 1200 x 10x 0:15 = 1800 Pa ‘The liquid moves up the tube a smaller distance qui @ ne “ais. ‘because liquids expand less Question 8 , Allthermometers use the valie.of a physical property to measure temperature. (a) @) State-what makes a physical property suitable for the measurement of temperature. f) (i) State two properties that are used for the measurement of ~ ‘temperature. (0) When a thermometer is calibrated, two fixed points are used. @ One fixed point is the ice point. State what is méant by the ice point. : ey ol i) Explain how the fixed points are used when calibrating a thermometer. a 15/2/95] (2) Solution (® ‘The physical property changes continuously and uniformly with change in temperature. z 1. Volume of a liquid. 2 Electromotive fore. . is the temperature of @) The bulb of the thermometer is immersed in pure melting ice. The ‘ereury level is marked on the stem when it becomes steady. This mark corresponds to the ice point and is essignéd a value of 0°C The bulb of the thermometer is then held in steam above boiling water. mark corresponds fixed point and is dssigned a value of 100°C. The rcs batten these two fixed points is then divided. ‘into 100 equal parts. COMMENT o ANSWER a) (i) Aso, * Volume of a gas + Pressure (of gas) + Colour + Quantity of ‘adiafon emitted * Ciquid crystal sive (©) -() Alternatively: * tis the tempera- {ure at which water freezes | + Is the tempera. * tre of water Ja miture: 189 Scanned with CamScanner