Resource File Level 1 Economics and Management Economia y Gestion de las Organizaciones 2 MACMILLAN HEINEMANN English Language TeachingCONTENTS INTRODUCTION UNIT ONE File 1 Store, retrieve and supply information File2 Classification systems File3 Environmental economics UNIT TWO File 4 Shopping for goods and services File5 Purchasing procedures File 6 Business ownership : why do companies want to grow? UNIT THREE i File7 Prices File 8 Unemployment File9 Monopolies yy UNITFOUR File 10 Stock File 11 Fluctuations in economic activity File 12 ~wr WORD LIST ‘The interrelation of markets 10 2 4 16 18 20 22 24 26 30A. PRE-READING TASK Think and answer Look at the picture. 1, Where is this? 2. What are the main things in the room? 3. What function do they have? information is essential for or files can save a lot ofB. FOCUS QUESTIONS Are the following statements true or false? 1. Effective storage of information can save a lot of trouble. 2. Today offices use only traditional, manual filing systems, 3. An efficient secretary knows how to obtain information. 4. Using a proper filing system does not guarantee easy location of important papers, 5. Ina centralized system, people keep all the files in different places. 6, Organizations never use a mixture of the two systems. C. EXPANSIONS Which system of storage of information can you suggest for these places? * the school library + the school secretary's office ‘© your dentist's office ‘+ alarge supermarketB. FOCUS QUESTIONS grouping and storing files. onder in an alphabetical filing system number of files. I filing systems. ‘bination of alphabetical and numerical filing EXPANSIONS Visit your school library or a public library in your 1 bourhood. What system of classification do 2. Research: what system do they use in the National Library and in the Library of Congress in our country?B. FOCUS QUESTIONS 1. What is the objective of environmental economic analysis? 2. What is the natural resource base? 3. How important is it to the economy? 4. Do the environmental economists worry about the ways we use the natural resources? 5. Are bauxite, coal and oil natural resources? 6, Does the natural resource base have the capacity to assimilate waste? . EXPANSIONS 1. Visit your Municipatidad. Is there any department related to the care of the environment? (Ecological police) 2. Who is the head of this department? 3, What are the functions of this department? 4. What government departments take care of the environment at provincial and national levels? 7 oo Ved Z ie oA +) ol a , Pa eh nf \ on alecapital items B. FOCUS QUESTIONS Are the following statements true or false? 1. All companies buy raw materials. 2. Not alll employees can order goods in an organization. 3. In the public sector, procedures for ordering goods are very informal. 4, Most organizations can order all the goods they want because they do not have a specified budget. 5. Asenior manager authorizes all orders in a company. 6. Every order form has a distinctive number. C. EXPANSIONS Find out: © Who orders goods and services in your school? * Does he/she follow a standard procedure? © Is there a list of suppliers? + Are there any contracts in force? yFile 5 A. PRE-READING TASK Think and answer 1. You want to buy a mountain bike. What do you do? 2. The Head of the school wants to equip the computer lab with 15 new computers. What does he or she 3. Your friend wants to buy a CD. What does he or she do?B. FOCUS QUESTIONS 1. In what way can you get information about certain products? 2. Once you have the information that you want, what do you have to do? 3, How many kinds of discounts are there? What is the difference between them? 4, How many kinds of delivery charges are there? In what way are they different? Cc. EXPANSIONS : 1, What products carry a warranty in Argentina? Mention five which do and five which don’t. : 2. What products or services are exempt fromVAT (IVA) in Argentina? Mention at least five. 3, Where do you expect to get trade and cash discounts in Argentina?File 6 A. PRE-READING TASK Think and answer 1. When companies grow, what benefits do they have? 2. Who owns small companies? 3. Who owns large organizations? gradually to become large-scale ship. Very small organizations are liable only for the . These shareholders do ls of dividends and of the ponents, ete at a than small firms. se of activities; loss inB. FOCUS QUESTIONS Are the following statements true or false? 1, Many small-scale organizations develop into large-scale organizations, 2. Most large organizations normally have a sole proprietor 3. When a sole proprietor is in charge of an organization, he generally requires the help of employees. 4. Sole proprietors and general partnerships are responsible for all the debts of the organization. 5. In limited companies, shareholders are liable exclusively for the value of their shares. 6. In large-scale organizations shareholders are important in company policy 7. Companies that grow have a lot of advantages. C. EXPANSIONS 1. Do you know the book Los Duefios de la Argentina? What do you think it is about? 2. You know some celebrities that own large companies or are heads of economic groups in Argentina, Can you mention some of them? 7B. FOCUS QUESTIONS Are the following statements true or false? T F 1. Value is the basic regulator of the economic system, bl 2. Price affects the way we use resources, . 1 3. Want-satisfaction’ is a term related to utility | y J 4. The pricing policy of a company only varies according to time CC L 5, Barter implies the use of money. JO IDOL 6. The customer's opinion always determines price. C. EXPANSIONS 1, Conduct a survey among your relatives /neighbours/friends. Choose three brands of the same product. What do they prefer: a lower price or a better quality? Show the percentages of your survey ina pie chart. 2. STAR COFFEE, an American company, is introducing a new brand of coffee in the Argentinian market This new brand of coffee is very similar to the other brands in Argentina but it has a very low price. Your company sells high quality coffee but at a higher price. Do you think this new product can affect your sales? What strategies can you use to avoid a fall in your sales? Coffee the American way The best Columbian blend and that unique American taste | You DRINK IT HOT) 4 BUT IT'S CooL! / EeFile 8 A. PRE-READING TASK Think and answer 11, What do you think are the causes of unemployment in Argentina? 2. What do you think the government can do to reduce unemployment? ‘3, What can we do to reduce the effects of unemployment? 4. Among these, who would you consider unemployed? a. Javier Rincén, a manager of a supermarket b. Silvia Matos, who stays at home to look after her sick grandmother A father who stays at home looking after his child 4d. Damian Posk, a hair stylist who runs his own shop. ‘examinations; nuns y officially employed? re not officially 1yment are officially accrr B. FOCUS QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following is officially unemployed? a. a nurse who works as a se etary —_c. a secondary school student b.a housewife da retired doctor 2. What do lower incomes mean at the community level? 3, Does unemployment affect a country's economy globally? C. EXPANSIONS 1. Think of a typical family in Argentina (or one you know or invent) a. Make a list of the monthly expenses (rent, food, transport, bills, et.) b. Write a list of the probable salaries earned and add the amounts of ‘money. Are the needs covered? How much can they save? What happens if one of the members of the family becomes unemployed? 2. Research: Find statistics of unemployment in Argentina a. in different job areas. b. in different geographical areas. over the last ten years. faa) C _File 9 A. PRE-READING TASK ‘Think and answer 1, What is a monopoly? 2. Are there any monopolies in Argentina? 3. Can you mention any examples? These firms play a crucial role affect prices directly. istry. The monopolistic of the product. yr example, in advertisingB. FOCUS QUESTIONS ‘Are these statements true or false? 3. A monopolistic firm cannot affect prices diteetly 1. Acconding to th certain market teacher forFile 10 PRE-READING TASK Think and answer 1. Who buys the food at home? 2. How often does this person do it? 3. Does this person write a list? 4, What do you understand by ‘stock’? ts every day. But they don't goto the nearest they make a big purchase once a month and These products available for use are ‘stock’. Stock can fofice equipment or other materia necesary fr the ny contacts one supplier: Suppliers generally give tions deal with outside suppliers or shops. They go to the dt most reliable product at the most convenient price. mize the amount of stock they keep. They only keep with perishable products. ‘are always necessary in companies so a minimum of stock is » control over its stock. They need a room to store the ‘People can't simply enter and get what they need. It is the company uses and stores. When you keep control over . FOCUS QUESTIONS ‘Are these statements true or false? TF 1. Big companies often include office consumables in their stock, Cel) 2, Large companies deal with one local supplier. Ee] 3, Organizations tend to keep a large stock. Ee) 4, One problem with keeping a large stock is storage. La) 5. The stock clerk administers inventory reconciliations. a] rNc. EXPANSIONS our school secretary if she 1.Ask your cl wpe secretary if she/he keeps a stock of cer goods she/he stores. certain goods at school. Find ‘ |. Find out which 4, How does she/he place an order for the goods she/he need “ is she/he needs? 4 Does she/he keep a record ofthe e of the available stock? 4g Visita local shop. (It can be oc the owner how she/h i aco PoUtS 8 Erocet ° she/he keeps control over her/his stock. other shop you like) Ask is stock.File 11 A. PRE-READING TASK Think and answer Peeves 1, Sometimes we talk about the standard of living of a family. We say it is either high or low. What do we mean? " 2. Do we use any objective parameter to say somebody enjoys a better or worse standard of living? ictive capacity can change over of growth in productive capacity on of market forces (supply and (ie. potential output). When the quality of the labour force year to the next. But longer term the actual output of goods and ge in the volume (quantity) ofB. FOCUS QUESTIONS Use the words in the list to compet the fotlowing pa agraph: standard measure economy labour decrease estimates productive capital Every country has a 1 of living. This depends on the goods and services each caacity varies depending on an increase or : _____in the quality of —________ orin the quality of the s_ eee alwayseasytoc__ these changes but conduct Rs at are normally quite precise. C. EXPANSIONS 1, What is the GDP of Argentina? 2. How do we measure it? 3, Did it change over the last decades? 4 Research: draw a graph to show fluctuations in the GDP of Argentina over the last 50 years., QUESTIONS ct answer from A, B, C and D. arrangement that permits buyers and sellers to. b, substitute products d. improve marketing policies b. product changes d. prices d. none of the above the transfer to other products, b. improves d. minimizes yey of people's eating habits. These questions may help you: 1g more hamburgers, meat, fries now than you did in the past? le decide to change one product for another? duce this transfer from our own product to another product ?WORD LIST UNIT1 Environmental____ FILE 1 Pe —— ——‘Delivery__ i emai Charges —___ eek [eg Warranty Retrieve Landscape. Guarantee paeenss Like Service Handle GS Maintenance Storage Profits. Trade File Renewable ____—_— Discount Denese Resbaite Order i Filing Short-term. eash Sources Such a: Encourage Proper Support Promptly Take care Sustainable Value added tax Own Valuable Carriage = Sales gp een Carriage forward = Keep Wood a Eien Customers Worry UNIT2 Staff FILE 6 Mixture UNIT 2 Account FILE4 Ownership Purchase Scale Goods Sole UNIT1 Consumable Proprietor FILE 2 Raw materials, Employees Manufacture Take on According t Procedures Partner Appear = aa Order Set up Bote. Staff Partnership — Branch office___________ Suppliers Limited Disadvantage Budget Shares Each oc ee Avoid Liability Employ. Overspending, oo eee Senior Shareholders —_____— Page ee Approves oo Gi tee ee Expenditure Dividends —__— Numbering—___________ Signs Raw materials —__— Sibjact = oe Record Financial —____ Within Policy Risk-bearing a? Without____________Inaccordance with UNIT 3 UNIT1 UNIT 2 FILE7 FILE3 FILES Value 3 ne Purchasing Profit Bauxite. Supplier Rate Believe Prices Regulation Branch. Arrange Consumer Careless — Sales representatives Key or | Coal a Request Enterprise —___—— Consists of Mail Wages | Baye ees Stocked Allocate ———_—[nee 2 agen ml i fi | ! Reliable Storage Space Soiling Consumables Stock, Clerk, Inventory Reconciliations UNIT 4 FILE Output Input Intervene Interplay ‘Measure Increase Stock Labour force Trained Accurate Estimates Expenditure UNITS FILE 12 Brand Lately Arrangement Interrelation Less Substitution Relative Amount Grounds Taste Links Ines Spreads Loyalty Cross elasticity of demand yN