2018 International Conference on Information, Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICICET)
Zeal College of Engineering and Research, Narhe, Pune, India. Aug 29-31, 2018
Review Paper on Untwist Blockchain: A Data
Handling Process of Blockchain Systems
Sachin M. Kolekar
Department of Computer Engineering,
Zeal College of Engineering And Research,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
sachin.kolekar@zealeducation.com
Smita S. Bachal
Department of Computer Engineering,
Zeal College of Engineering And Research,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
smita.bachal@zealeducation.com
Abstract - Blockchain technologies are secure massive
power in the last few years. Block chains are distributed
ledgers that facilitate parties who do not steady trust each
other to maintain a set of ecumenical states. The parties concur
on the easiness, standards and histories of the states. As the
technology backdrop is enlarge swiftly, it is mutually
consequential and arduous to have a rigid grasp of what the
foundation technologies have to offer, particularly with
difference to their data dealing out capabilities. In this paper,
we first survey the state of the art, fixating on secretive block
chains. We analyze both in-engenderment and research
systems in four dimensions: disseminated ledger, intrusion
detection, consortium Blockchain, consensus protocol and
perspicacious agreement. We then present BLOCKBENCH, a
criterion skeleton for understanding performance of private
block chains and public Blockchain. In this chapter we have
discussed the circumscriptions of Blockchain.
Keywords- Intrusion, block chain, consortium block chain,
distributed ledger
I. INTRODUCTION
Blockchain are nothing but a system / technology used
for secured, inexpensive and fast transaction. Before
understanding Blockchain, lets discuss about Bitcoin.
Bitcoin is a digital currency who allows exchanging some
value between the peers without any intermediate agent. It
enables peer to peer transactions by removing trusted
intermediary. In this type of transaction, it can take place
even if the peers do not trust each other. Bitcoin is not a
physical currency instead it is a virtual currency. Bitcoin is
an open source i.e. any end user can access it without
knowing the actual technical details of it. It has interactive
and user friendly design. Nobody can own the Bitcoin, also
nobody can controls the Bitcoin. It has many exciting
features that other transactions system does not have .It
works on peer to peer transactions techniques. Bitcoin is a
secure technology. Block chain is a emerging trend in which
the chain is formed by dividing chain into different blocks .It
is continuously increasing list of records, called blocks.
These numbers of distributed blocks is linked and are
secured with the help of the concept known as cryptography.
The chain which is divided into dissimilar blocks, this blocks
contains a cryptographic mix up with the preceding block
(the block which is connected before current block), also a
timestamp and data transaction between them .
978-1-5386-5510-8/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
Rahul P. More
Department of Computer Engineering,
Zeal College of Engineering And Research,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
more.rahul@zealeducation.com
Anuradha V. Yenkikar
Department of Computer Engineering,
Zeal College of Engineering And Research,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
anuradha.yenkikar@zealeducation.com
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Blockchain has changed many business man, investors
life. In this paper authors have precisely described that how
bitcoin and blockchains are inter connected with each other.
What actually blockchain is, key technologies, how it works
using hash values also components of data. Drawback of
current paper is lack of detail data structure[1]. It is
overcome in paper which mainly focuses on suspicious
activities detected in android phones while transferring the
bitcoins [2].
Consortium blockchain is nothing but association of
various blockchain organizations which describes the block
in deep manner. Also, it designed algorithms to detect it and
practical structure of malware detection model. They have
also given graph structure survey regarding various malware
families and there false positive and false negative rate,
Comparison between various malware detection engine.
They created a framework called CB-MDEE to detect
malicious activities going in transactions of bitcoins in
android[2].Other than these, Blockchain is an algorithm
which is used in different applications and used for
transaction between two different peers who do not trust
each[1]. It completely eliminates the third-party intermediary
which is normally needed for transaction. Main concept of
blockchain is peer to peer transaction. As for all digital
applications, it may be possible that the applications using
block chain algorithm may get hacked or some intruder
hacks into the application[3]. But due to the intrusion
detection algorithms created with the blockchain algorithm,
hacking this algorithm is much more difficult. Till today, no
one has hacked blockchain though many have tried to do so.
III. TYPES OF BLOCK CHAIN
A. Public Blockchain
A public block chain is an open network and anyone can
join / participate in the network. Also called as permission
less network .Bitcoin is the largest public block chain
network today.
B. Private Blockchain
A private blockchain is a closed network and invitation is
required in order to join the network. Also called as
permission network. Ripple is the best example of the private
block chain network today.
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 IV. KEY CONCEPTS
A. Distributed Ledger
It is a database apprehended and modernized by every
contestant in a bulky association. It represents how
information is stored and gathered. Every single node on
network process every transaction and concludes it with
some final conclusion. Then, voting is done on those
conclusions to make a mainstream agree with the conclusion.
The disseminated Ledger has been modernized, and all
nodes preserve their own indistinguishable copy of the
ledger.
B. Consensus:
Consensus judgment making is a cluster resolution
making process in which group members build up and
consent to a final decision which will profit the whole group.
It is a dynamic way of success a decision in a group.
C. Proof of Work
Miners solve cryptographic puzzles to “pit” a block in
order to add to the block chain. Process requires large
amount of energy and crunching usage. When a miner solves
a puzzle, they show their block on network for verification.
D. Proof of Stake
Proof of Work is highly inefficient and hugely expensive.
High amount of energy is consumed in Proof of Work.
Because of this, cost of removal is very high. Proof of Stake
is projected to decrease the expenditure of removal.
E. Mining
Mining is the process by which communication are
verified and added to the civic ledger. Anyone with
admittance to the internet and appropriate hardware can take
part in mining. The mining method involves compiling
modern dealings into blocks and trying to solve a
computationally tricky problem. The applicant who earliest
solves the puzzle gets to place the subsequent block on the
blockchain and claim the prize. Best example for this is the
Bitcoin Mining.
V. WORKING OF BLOCKCHAIN
Blockchain’s decentralized, open & cryptographic
environment sanction public to belief each other and perform
peer to peer, making the desideratum for intermediaries
obsolete. This as well transports unique security benefits.
Hacking attacks that frequently impact enormously colossal
centralized Peace Corps like banks would be practically
infeasible to pull off on the blockchain. Let’s see the
working of Blockchain with an example:
x The requested operation is broadcast to P2P network
consisting of computer, known as nodes. 
x Validation – The network of nodes validates the
operation and the user’s status using known
algorithms. 
x A confirmed transaction can involve cryptocurrency,
contracts, proceedings, or other information. 
x Cryptocurrency – It is intermediate of trade, formed
and stored by electronic means in the blockchain,
using encryption techniques to manage the
construction of financial units and to authenticate the
transfer of money. 
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VI. PARTS OF BLOCKCHAIN
A. Block
A Block is a group of the data available into a ledger
entered into a Blockchain. Data is assembled into a block for
a period of time and after a specific period of time; it is
added into the Blockchain. For Example:
Let’s consider 2 different crypto currencies. Let them be
Currency A and Currency B. Now, consider that Currency A
is more popular and expensive and more profitable than
Currency B for people who are buying them. So, in case of
Currency A, each block may get inserted or may get added in
10 seconds time while in other case, that is, in case of
Currency B, each block may get inserted or may get added in
10 minutes time.
All that differs is nothing but number of peers or people
involved in the specific cryptocurrency, whether it is
Currency A or Currency B.
B. Chain
A chain is a group of blocks that are related together
referencing hashes from the prior block. The hash is a unique
digital signature created using cryptography, which creates a
link between two subsequent blocks to form a chain.
Hashing is used to ensure a common feature of
cryptocurrency, that is, Security. Hashing is needed to ensure
that the data and transaction is secured. Hashes are useful
because they are a one way function that cannot be
decrypted. For example: Consider recreation of a human
being. It is impossible to recreate a human being same as the
original. It is because that recreation of same fingerprint and
data is not possible. It is similar to Hash. Decryption of Hash
Function is almost impossible. Hence, Blockchain
technology is highly secured.
Network
The last part of Blockchain Technology is Network. The
Network consists of the computers or nodes that hosts the
information entered into the blockchain via transactions.
Afore an ingression is made aeonian in the blockchain, all
nodes verify the transaction. Nodes are computers or systems
operating on a more astronomically immense network.
Contrivances such as a personal computer or cell phones can
act as nodes. When defining nodes in the cyber world, a
node is anything that has an IP address. The nodes consist of
the machines and code used to run the network. Node
operators participate in the network by keeping track of the
transactions and reaching a consensus about those
transactions’ validity and injuctively authorizing them with
other nodes in the network. Nodes are always awarded for
running the protocol with a scintilla of the cryptocurrency
associated with the protocol. The more sizably voluminous
and more distributed the network, the more secure the
blockchain will be. The more decentralized the Blockchain
becomes, the more preponderant immutability of its records.
As the network grows, it becomes increasingly more arduous
to overthrow the network. For example: Consider a
Cryptocurrency designated as “Currency”. So, at the initial
stage, if it’s blockchain has about 100 nodes ecumenically
distributed then, we may verbalize that it is prodigiously
unsecure Blockchain or network. But, similarly consider that
it’s blockchain has about 10 thousand nodes ecumenically
distributed the, we may verbalize that it is prodigiously
secured.
 VII. INTRUSION UNCOVERING SYSTEM IN
BLOCKCHAIN
What is Intrusion uncovering System?
In this growing phase and increasing pace of technology,
the attacks like cyber-crimes, hacking or cracking any
system has increased a lot along with the development speed
of the technology. Hence the cyber threats have increased to
a large scale and even more complicated and advance. Such
attacks which are made by any third party is known as
“Intrusions”. This intrusions should be managed timely, this
is the job performed by the Intrusion Detection System
(IDS). Such systems are used to detect the intrusions
occurring in the system before they attack the whole system.
Now comes the part that at which location the Intrusion
Detection Systems (IDS) should be deployed. Intrusion
Fig. 1. Intrusion Detection System
Detection System can be used for detecting intrusions but
they cannot be made used individually for a whole network.
II. Management of Trust: We know that the people
Hence they are used in a collaborative and combination
working in the companies (insiders) canal so put the system
manner. These are deployed in various locations according
into danger, where the intruder (insiders) are having
to their functioning and abilities.
authorized access to the data. If the organizations increases
On the location to be deployed the IDS are divided into in a large scale, the trust management may become a huge
two categories: issue which degrades the formation of chain.
I. Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) VIII. LIMITATIONS
II. Network – based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) Intrusion realization still have many issues which are
remained unsettled in our real-world applications, which
Host – Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) :-This may be shame the detection performance of our system.
intrusion detection system is deployed at local level . The
Host IDS monitors the local system and the events occurring Updation and Management: Productivity is essential for
within the system .It also monitors any system events create better efficiency to increase the performance of intrusion
any malicious environment within the host system .Network detection system in the system.
– Based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS):- Network –
Capacity: Size of the block chain must be maintained. It
based IDS are used to monitor the whole network in which
must not be huge in size. If the size is beyond the limit , then
many host systems are connected peer – 2 – peer and this
the performance of the system will deteriorate.
host systems have their own Host – Based Intrusion
Detection System .The job of the Network – Based Intrusion Acceptance and alertness: The major issue is adopting
detection system is to avoid the intrusion attack on the entire the virtual currency system. Hence, awareness must be
network , which may degrade the performance of the created among the people .
network. The NIDS is the primary one to observe the
intrusion, it firstly observes the network whether any Inactivity and convolution: As it is in a distributed and
intrusion is getting inside the network, it detects the intrusion decentralized nature, it may take several time to complete the
and avoids it to attack to the system. If the NIDS fails to transactions.
monitor and detect the intrusion, the HIDS comes into Security and Confidentiality: It requires keen
picture. At this time of period, the HIDS play a vital role in transactions to be connected to correct circumstances.
protecting the system against the intrusion. In this way the
network based intrusion detection system and host based Cyber attackers produces various attacks and thus go
intrusion detection system working in a two-way manner to through attacks like denial-of-service (DDoS)
make the system avoided by the intrusion attack. And Energy and expenditure: Bitcoin requires a large energy
challenge faced in the block chain technology because the margin to calculate the intrusion detection system (IDS).
transactions takes place by sharing of data with various
nodes that are available in peer-to-peer network. Sometimes IX. CONSORTIUM BLOCK CHAIN
in some organization they have some private and Grouping blockchain detects the malicious codes in
confidential data which they do not share with anyone i.e. malware and extracting the analogous verification in mobile
another party . Hence this becomes a problem and complex devices, which is composed of a two elements i.e. the
for the Intrusion Detection System to identify the intrusions detecting grouping chain which is shared by the test
occurring due to incomplete data shared. members and a public chain shared by the users This
malware detection technology is used in reducing the phony-
helpful rate and improving the detecting ability of malware
variants. This is android-based system use for detecting and

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classifying malware. Addition to this , we found a fact-base
of distributed Android malicious codes by blockchain
technology. Basis on untried analysis , it shows that given
technology can achieve higher detection accuracy in limited
time with lower sham-helpful and false-negative rates.
X. CONCLUSION
We have conducted comprehensive survey on
Blockchain Technology. Blockchain Technology is an
budding solution for decentralized communication and data
management without the need of a trusted third party. It is an
open and spread ledger, enabling the recording of contact
among various parties in a provable way. Basic clarity and
justification of Blockchain is seen and working of the
Blockchain in decentralized network has been understood.
Also, Combination of Blockchain Technology with Internet
of Things has been studied. Few Advantages and
Disadvantages have been seen and various applications of
Blockchain Technology are stated. Most Importantly, Future
of the Blockchain has been predicted if few of the
assumptions comes true, then what are the possible
technologies which can be created by blockchain technology.
Concepts like consensus, distributed ledger, proof of labor,
proof of stake, etc. have been explained in short. Other than
the Blockchain concepts, working and future predictions,
Bitcoin has been viewed as the best example for Blockchain
as it is the first cryptocurrency to bring the blockchain
technology to real.
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