S.M. No. :SNTI/TTM / SM / 47 Rev. No. 01 1 Effective Date : 01-MAR-2018 Stupy Materia On AUTOCAD «lp TATA __ TATASTEELAutoCAD 2009 AutoCAD is one of the most popular applications available for Drafting. It is a popular product of Autodesk Inc. AutoCAD is software that also lets you design, visualize, and document your ideas clearly and efficiently. AutoCAD software provides the power and flexibility to work more productively from concept through completion. If you haven't looked at it in a while, now is the time to check out AutoCAD 2009. First released in 1982, AutoCAD is now the top program for computer-aided drafting throughout the world. It is an essential tool in many industries, including mechanical and civil engineering, architecture, facilities planning and management. More employers use it, and need workers skilled in it, than any other CAD system. The AutoCAD 2009 program takes a step-by-step approach to learning AutoCAD 2009, starting with a few basic tools to let students create and edit a simple drawing, and then gradually introducing more advanced tools. Examples and practice exercises have been taken from a variety of the fields where AutoCAD is used. This program begins by focusing on basic 2D drawing and editing tools, objects on layers, text, and basic dimensions. Once the participant masters the basic skills, they will move on to explore efficiency tools, enhancing productivity with simple customization. Hopefully this book will take you smoothly through the entire journey. 2 be Prepared by 7 Approved by Goutam Prasad Mr. R.C. B. Singh Group Head, ITA Sr. Instructor, ITAtroduction | How to begin? [Exercise | Exercise-2 Ex-12, Ex-13 i 12. | EX14, Bet5, Exté [49 13. | Ext7 — 20-24 | 14. [Exercise1a ee 15. | Exercise -19 _ 26 16. | Exercise -20 27 17, | Exercise -21 — ee 28 | 18 | Exercies 2200 a 29 19, | Basic AutoCAD ter 30 Popa tan Past Page | 2 of 2No Introduction to AutoCAD 2009 New user interface: The Ribbon Blocks & References. frolate oT Output 30, OBB Oo® Zar aS o-|@oo A- ‘ve MO O-!O~ OO & [TT a8 o9 | eee {incer* Figure.1 - The Ribbon The tabs with toolset placed on the upper side of the screen are called RIBBON as it is in the Office program. Actually DASHBOARD which we are introduced in AutoCAD 2007 is replaced with RIBBON. The command name is also changed as ribbon. The ribbon is separated into 6-8 tabs and each tab is also separated into PANELS. Tabs and their contents change according to WORKSPACES which provides an efficient usage. Apart from visible parts of the panels, additional commands are also added to the expandable part. (Gee Figure 2) lf rr 200). BOB HEA S| Mae O° O° Hl ioe LOPS OO | AP oe BuO Of ago Figure 2 Upon pressing the PIN below, panel becomes fixed and a, Rok stationary. In addition, alternative uses of some commands @ eee are prepared as FLYOUTS and can be accessed from the oO little black triangle on the sides (See Figure 3). ‘Ten, Tan, Tan Figure 3 Fhvurd he eta a Purr | of 36There is also a menu browser for thase who are anxious about finding usual commands or missing old menus (See Figure 4) The browser can be accessed by Pressing the big red A letter on the top efi of the screen. It seems to be difficult to get used to the RIBBON but gradually you will become addicted to it and never think about the old menus. Command search option of the menu browser is very attractive. If you have trouble with finding the command you want, just type it on the command search engine and enjoy the results (See Figure 5) Figure § Arey Catan rasa awe | 4 of 36File preview is another excellent Figures feature in AutoCAD 2009. In the recently worked documents are listed in detail and a preview window appears when you hold the mouse pointer on the file name (See Figure 6). owas un = 1 FR Tem moons |civsoncrennis sete sonra 98:9 tee eat You can add your favorite commands into the quick access toolbar (See Figure 7). Figure 7 This menu can also be customized. ‘There are also useful arrangements in the Status Bar. We are going to mention them in detail in the upcoming AutoCAD 2009 articles. But here is the view (Figure 8), Figure 8 Mostly used and a few newly come options are added to it. It can be changed according to the workspace. The complete state can be seen in Figure 9. Modal Spare Viewport: yi Quick View Layouts, Quick View Drawings: /, Pan Vewport Sea's Zoom ‘ViewportAnnotsfon, Dawe | 5 of 36 Prod: bata PrayQuick Properties & Quick Viow Another new feature of AuloCAD 2009 is ‘Quick Properties’ options. I itis turned on, properties of the Selected objects are briefly isted on the screen (See Figure 10) You can turn on the option by clicking Quick Properties icon | © on the status bar or by setting the QPMODE variable to 1 of 2. 1’ for turning on the option for all objects and ‘2’ for turing on the option for the objects you chose. We can also use ‘CTRL+SHIFT+P’ if you prefer. This little menu shows general properties of the object. Geometric properties of the object can be changed via this menu. You can access the advanced options of the ‘Quick Properties’ menu by right- clicking on the Quick Properties window frame and pressing ‘settings... (See Figure 11) You can edit the objects that will be included, where the window opens and the ‘automatic turn off ‘function Normally, the menu appears near to the clicked point, but with ‘Float’ option its place is fixed, You can filter the abject types that are going to be included in the ‘Quick Properties’ by accessing the ‘Customize...’ menu Prearl Gontam Pasal senna Hw | 6 of 36 1 [Back Popes Qn CTL SHIP] | | Disko tet © Dina ack Papers parr cy ech © Dasa ick Papi pae nf eed bss Lacan Modes @Lne CatersA similar Feature to ‘Quick Properties’ is ‘Quick Layout View in AutoCAD 2009 (See Figure 12) You can access this feature via QVLAYOUT command or status bar. ce sent Mn Turning this option on, adds whole list of layouts and models to the preview windows. Two small icons appear in the preview menu (when you hold the mouse on the file) for the plot and publish processes. A litle and speedy layout view menu appears just in the middle below. You can permanently turn those preview menus on by pressing the PIN icon in the menu. The Plot options of the preview windows can be accessed by right-clicking as we did same in the LAYOUT TABS options earlier (See Figure 13), Bees Figure 13 The last component of the Quick View series is Quick View Drawings menu. Similarly, you can access the option by _ typing QVDRAWING in the command line or from status bar (Figure 14). The whole drawings open at the moment are listed in the preview menus when the option is tured on. Upon holding the mouse on the drawing, small layout views are listed. We think that these quick preview options can speed up the drawing. {813 @ X}- We are looking forward to hearing your experiences and comments. hue | 7of 36 Frese tam rasa Pie £367 9 AtitoCAD 2009 g i Command En: Not all commands are on the Menus and/or Ribbon! This means : ype the text (qsave) and then press the Enter key (or the space-bar). This means: click on the 'File' menu and There are three ways of How TO BEGIN? try _ giving a command! using the Keyboard - the command area. menu. froma toolbar, [ 1, Type the command is displayed in the command 2. Select the command from a 3. Select the command's icon When you are asked to type a command in the command area the AutoCAD command will be written like: type: asave-! When you are asked to select a command from a menu, it will then Saver (which [OOK Ke: should be one of the items on the ‘File’ menu). AutoCAD also supports common shortcuts like Ctrt-S for Savel! Here I'm trying to cover all the bases by giving you the ‘command to type, the ‘menu options and showing you what the toolbar icon looks like! reward ala Pra select File - Save When you are asked to pick a command from a toolbar, We'll write: select Save Despite all of the above, |'ll probably use a combination of the above like: select File - Save (or type QSAVE~!) Page | 8 of 36AutoCAD 2009 Exercise-1 Draw a Rectangle Open AutoCAD. | Select Rectangle (or type rectang), then type’ The text typed is displayed in the 45,15-! commandareost te) 44545.) these are Absolute Cartesian Coordinates window. Hopefully AutoCAD drew a rectangle, which fits comfortably in the AutoCAD graphics areal? If you can't see the rectangle, type 2 [space] a {space} (zoom all) - this instructs AutoCAD to redraw the view, "zooming out" to show all the graphics on the drawing Saving a Drawing Note that if you type SAVE -!, you | Select the Save icon from the standard toolbar. The drawing actually get “Save | has not been saved before, so AutoCAD will display the SAVE 4s" | AS dialog box, (You can select the appropriate Drive and The quickest way to Ditectory here). Type the Ex-1 as the drawing name and then save sto press crr-| select "OK" S- this is the same as "qsave". Now type: quit -! This will close AutoCAD programme. You will be prompted to save the changes if you've further made any changes (otherwise not)- click Save button if itis so. Starting AutoCAD with an Existing Drawing (Just read it) Launch AutoCAD | S4lDouble-click AutoCAD 2009 icon on desktop Click AutoCAD icon window. Click Recent Documents and take your pointer to your file (see your files on the right side of the menu), hold our pointer there for a while; you will see quick view of the file. Click the file to open it. ‘on the top-left of the AutoCAD Locate your file Fun iota Priatl Pave | 9 of 36AutoCAD 2009 Exercise-2 Coordinate Systems ns you can use Cartesian or Polar When specifying positio Coordinates. i i ue, a comma, and a AutoCAD is a throo | Cartesian coordinates are simply a X va dimensional CAD | Y value, for example: 100,100. system, so you can enter X¥2 values| Polar coordinates are a Distance followed by a Ssymbol and pend ofttia xy les are measured in degrees, an angle, for example: 10<25. Ang! values shown here. | tn Q = Eagt and 90 = North, Ary of these numbers can have decimal values. Using Cartesian coordinate system. Type line and press enter. Type 5,5 and press enter. Type 15,15, and press enter. Press enter again to terminate the command. Using relative coordinate system. Type line and press enter. Type 5,10 and press enter. Type @10,10. and press enter. Press enter again to terminate the command. Using polar coordinate system. Type line and press enter. Type 5,8 and press enter. Type 10<45 and press enter. Press enter again to terminate the command. Direct distance entry. Type line and press enter. Type 5,12 and press enter. Move your mouse to direct your pointer at 45°. Type 10 and press enter. Press enter again to terminate the command. This will draw a line of 10 units at 45°. Now, type line and press enter. Select the bottom end of the first line + Select bottom end of the second line — Select bottom end of the third line. Press enter again to terminate the command. This will join all the bottom ends of the line. Similarly, join top end of the lines. Save your drawing as Ex-2. regal i Ganka Pavad Page | 10.0 36Draw a "Diam This Should draw a ‘olamond” (a rotated rectangle) shape s Ifyou make a mistake, you can undo the last line segment by typing uel “c" means “close” the shape Snap Modes A simple way to turn Object Snap ON or OFF, 15 to click on “oswaP*(or ly icon) in the status Area To see the various snap options “right-click” on “OSNAP" (in the status area) and select “Settings...” To get AutoCAD to display the Object Snap Modes toolbar, select "Toolbars" from the "View" menu and then select “Object Snap" a Gant Fra AutoCAD 2009 g my g KOTCIBO-3 ond" The “polyline” command used helaw has heen used ta crate a Sequence of joined fine segments, which become one abject If ne: use “line” command (in place of polyline command) each line seament is a separate object Select Polyline (or type pling!) and then type 215,15! absolute cartesian coordinate @212<45.! relative polar coordinate 212135 @212«225-1 os Probably you are not able to see you completed drawing Do not worry Pls. Continue z (for zoom) as (for all) You will see your drawing has appeared on your window Fundamental: It is often useful to be able to draw something from the end of another shape. AutoCAD has a large selection of "snap modes" for this purpose The most commonly used snap modes are Endpoint, Center and Intersection, Type osnap on the command line and press enter A dialog box will appear. Check the Midpoint, Endpoint, Center, and Intersection (t they are not checked) ard click OK Join the diagonals of the diamond. Join the midpoints of all the four sides to draw the square as shown below. Your drawing should look as shown here.Draw an Are r Finally... Draw tho rectangle by selecting rom the Home>draw section (oF type rectang -! ) | __ roped Lian AutoCAD 2009 [Please ensure mid-point snap ison | Solect Are (or type ARG!) then select mid point of y side, right side and top side respectively of the inner pa b a atta, Fiqle Lastly, draw another diamond inside the square ar « the next page. For this just join the mid-points of the hour op nner rectangle using line command Type c-! {for circle} The command will ask you for the center of the circle Click the intersection point of diagonals of the fst diamong Now, it will ask you for radius. Click the mid-point of any side of the inside diamond Your final drawing should look as shown below. That's alll Save your drawing as Ex-3 (press Ctrl-S) and then exit AutoCAD (Click AutoCAD button and select Exit) Pawe | 1 ot 306EE rvvecan 2000 g Exercise -A to 16 Drawing Rectangle 1 Start Pt @2270 @2<90 Draw these square and rectangle on the same page @-20 mao @0.-2 (a0.2 (a2 00.2 aso 8.5 a@sci8o @2<210 Join the two diagonals of the square and draw a circle with the diagonal intersection point as center and radius=2 units. (Use Line & Circle tools ) Draw a circle that touches all the four vertices of square. (Use Circle tool.) Join the two diagonals of the rectangle. Considering the intersection point of the two diagonals as the center - draw two circles that touch opposite sides. . Save the file with file name EX-4. Close it and Open a New file. reat Drawing Arc _ Draw an are with Start, End and Radius method, Start Point is 4, 8 End Point is 20, 4 and Radius is 10 unit Hints «Click Home > click arrow in the arc icon “ “(in Draw tab) and select Start, End and Radius method Draw an arc with 3 Point method. First Point is 4, 8, Second Point is 8, 16 and the End Point is 16, & Hints: Type arc at the command line Press enter. Draw an are with Start, End and Angle method. First Point is 16, 8 End Point is 8, 16 and the Angle is 105° Hints < Click Home > click arrow in the arc icon ~ (in Draw tab) ant select Start, End and Angnle methodpidiaailiae’ AutoCAD 2009 b Ms g Drawing Circle %, 9. Draw a circle with Conter and Radius method. Center is 10, 1g en units. (Also use two & threo point method) Radiy, 10.Move this circle 10 units from its current center position along the Kang Hints : Use move command. 11.Copy this circle back to its previous position, Hints: Use cp-! 12. Save this file as EX-5 and close it. Open a New file. | Length = 10 units 44 Hints ; Select Polyline tool (or type pl) and use line and arc options of polyline 14, Stretch the right half portion of the above diagram w.r.t. the base position as 4. center of the right side arc to 10 units vertically up. Hints : Use stretch command. Use crossing-window selection method to sel the right half portion of the above diagram as shown in the dotted frame. — 15. Save this file EX-6. Close it and open a new file. Using PEDIT 7 16.Polyline Spline, decurve and Join:- Drawa polyline OP as shown on the next page. Type pedit, select the polyline OP. Type $ and press enter to use spline option Type D and press enter to use decurve option. Press enter again to terminate the command Type L and press enter to use line tool. Now draw line PQ as shown below. Type pedit again and select the polyline OP. Type J and press enter fo use join option. Now select each line segment in PQ one after another. Press enter apply join Press enter again to terminate the command. Now, select complete line OQ, yo will see it's a single entity now i.e. a polyline OQ A Q o/ > P ‘qari: faa Pia Faye | 14 of 36en | AutoCAD 2009 G 17. Draw the following Shape using polyline noes HINTS: Use folowing commands- line, width, are ARC “yr Starting Width = 0 Units Ending Width ARC Starting Width = 0.2 Units Ending Width = 0 Units Radius = 4Units ARC Starting Width = 0 Units Ending Width = 0.2 Units End Point = @0,-2 Line (St. Pt. = 4,4) St. Width = 0.2 Units End Width = 0.2 Units Length = 4 Units Start from here 18. Save this file as EX-7 and Close it and open a new file and open a New File. 19. Set limit. Type limits and press enter, Press enter again to accept LLC as (0,0). Type 50,40 as upper right corner limit. Press enter. Press z space (bar) and a space (bar). 20. Now draw the following drawing using polyline Hints: Use width, arc, direction options of polyline. ARC ARC Starting Width = 0 Units Starting Width = 0.22 Units Ending Width = 0.4 Units Ending Width = 0.22 Units Radius = 6 Units Radius = 10Units ARC Starting Width = 0.4 Units Ending Width = 0 Units Radius i Line St. Width St. Width = 0 Units End Width = 0.4 Units End Width = 0 Units Length = 60 Units Length = 20 Units 21.Use Mirror command to produce the mirror image of this drawing. Mirror axis is baseline of the drawing. (Use mirror command) 22 Rotate the above drawing w.r.t. the starting point as its base point by an angle 45°. (Use rotate command). 23, Save this file as EX-8. Close it and open a new file. Png ota Pra Paye | 15 of 36AutoCAD 2009 & wing SPLINE 24, Draw following shape using spline tool : Take spline tool from Home > Draw Tab, click somewhere on th drawing spline. Define next point as @2,2 then next point @2,.2. een ty these two points alternatively eight times. Press enter to stop define” "tay Now, define tangent direction at start point and then end point by cn’ next iy mouse. Your drawing will look like above drawing cing yopoin ~ Drawing Ellipse & Elliptical Are 25. Draw a 12X8 rectangle. Click Ellipse tool from Home > Draw tab, click my lower line of rectangle then mid pt. of upper line and lastly mid pt. of righty Pt. oy Ine, 26, Draw a rectangle 16X12. Click Elliptical AFC tool from Home > Dra mid pt. of lower line of rectangle then mid pt. of upper line and last right line. Start Angle=0° and End Angle= 180°. Draw a line to join two ends of the arc. Draw a circle, considering mid-point line as the center and complete line-length as diameter. nt of this W tab, clicg ¥ mid pt. of Trim the lower half-circle. Erase the rectangle and the line. (Hints: consider the line as cutting edge.) Drawing Polygon 27.Draw a pentagon with center as 5, 5. Radius of the Inscribed circle is 4 units [Hints: Select Polygon tool from Home > Draw tab and continue.] J ee Click on the boundary of the pentagon to select it. Right click on the boundary and select scale, click point 1 and drag right to increase the size of the pentagon and click to keep it 1) | increased (or enter the scale factor e.g. 1.2 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2) Click on the boundary of the pentagon to select it. Right click | on the boundary and select move, click point 1 and drag right — to displace the pentagon and click to keep it there(or enter the second point of displacement as @5,0) Using Offset tool Select offset tool from the modify toolbar. Type 0.5 units as the offset distance and press enter. Select the pentagon and press enter. Now click anywhere inside the pentagon. Select the pentagon once again. This time, click outside the pentagon. Press enter to terminate the command Prepared by: Gautam Pra Page | 16 of 36Copy-Paste using mouse. Gl £0 the boundary of the pentagon to select it Right click on the boundary and selene OPY: fight click somewhere else now and select paste. You will see the Selected shape is moving with your pointer, The shape will be pasted at the point where you click Fillet & Chamfer 29.Draw a square using rectangle command, Each side = 10 units Hints : use rec (rectangle) command, click somewhere on the screen and type d, Press enter, enter length=10 and width =10. 30. Draw a rectangle whose length is 10 units and width is 8 units. 31. Copy the rectangle at some other location. 32. Use fillet command to fillet all the four corners of the new rectangle. Fillet radius is 1 unit. Hints: use fillet (or f ) command, type f, press enter, enter radius=1, click the two sides of the rectangle. 33.Use chamfer command to chamfer all the sides of old rectangle. Dist.1 = 1 unit Dist.2 = 2 units Hints: use chamfer command, type d, press enter, dist.1=1 units, dist.2= 2 units. Click the two sides of the Tectangle. 34. Save this file as EX-10. Close it and open a new file. Rectangle with chamfered or filleted edge 35. Draw a rectangle with chamfered / filleted edges. Chamfer dist.1 = .5, dist.2 = 1.5 Fillet radius = 1.5 Hints: use rec command, type c or f ( for chamfer and fillet respectively), press enter, dist.1=1 units, dist.2= 2 units (or radius=1.5 units). Now draw the rectangle. 36. Offset the above rectangle by a distance of 0.5 units inside the rectangle. Hints: Uses offset command, type 0.5, select the rectangle, and click inside the rectangle. Prored Coca Pav Paye | 17 of 36Using Trim & Extend com 1and 2 37. Draw a rectangle 10 units long and 8 units wide (Use li id 8 ul ine com command to make the rectangle like Fig.1. Ther : aoe like Fig.2 Sf Then use trim command tg n®ata Make i! ot ‘S C dod Fig.4 Fig.2 Use extend command to make Fig.2 again like Fig.1 38. Save this file as EX-11. Close it and open a new file. Using tan, tan, tan method to drawacirce 39.Draw a circle with radius=5 units, center at 8,8. Draw another circle with radi units and center at a distance of 8 units along x-axis from the center of frat’ Now draw a circle which is tangent to both these circles and has radius=2 Lastly draw a circle in the area enclosed by three circles. vee Circle nits, Hints: Locate the second pt. after drawing the first circle. You can change the point style from Format>Point Style. To draw the third circle use Draw>Circle>tan, tan, radius method. Lastly use tan, tan, tan method to draw the third circle. 40. Save this file as EX-12. Close it and open a new file. Using hatch = 41.Draw a circle with radius=3 units and center at 4,4. Draw another circle with radius=4 units and center ata distance of 5 units along x-axis from the center of first circle. Hatch the common area Hints Click Hatch icon and type the make scale =2. Click Pick eared: Gata Prana Page | 18 of 36AutoCAD 2009 SomNL con inthe dlalog box and click somowhoro inside Seale the blagor circle 15 limos 42.Make a block of the drawing you havo created and insert this block as such final drawing. looks as below Hints Click Make Block icon and {ype the Block Namo as B1, Select center of the larger circle aS Base Point. Click Insert Block icon and insert the block B41, the common area Press enter Click OK 43. Save this file as EX-13, Close it and open a new file, 44.Draw a rectangle 20X8. Use break _ ee command to break its bottom line as. ae shown. | Hints: Draw the rectangle first. Type break. Press enter. Select the rectangle. Type f (to activate First Point option). Press enter. Type from, Press enter @40 @40 Select the lower left comer ofthe rectangle. Type @4,0. Press enter. Again type @4,0. Press enter. ee 45. Save this file as EX-14, Close it and open a new file. 46. Draw three co-linear lines a: 's shown below. Use Join too! to join these three lines. Save this file as EX-15. Close it and open a new file. 47.Draw a circle with radius 24 units. Draw a fectangle 6X4 at some other place. Click Move tool press ~). Right click & select Snap / Override. click mid points of lower & upper sides of rectangle. Move rectangle to first quadrant of | the circle. 48. Save this file as EX-16. Close it and open a new _ file. roped i: Gn rasa lige | 19 0f 36AutoCAD 2009 ¥ 30000,24000 «| the civcle contre 6000 1 the circle radius To get AutoCAD to splay the Object / ‘Shap Mocs NEXL you will draw another circ, with the same centro, but mi toolbar, select FdiUS. Press. to “tecall" the last command. Select the centre snap Toolbars" from the Oo} roots" menu and Ode ler ype. CEN 1), then pick the first circle (NOT the centre of ihonsoket "Object the circle), then type Snap” 9500 the circle radius Draw the Building "Wing" Next draw a rectangle from the centre of the circles to 39500,33500. Type rec, press enter, Click center of the circle, Type #9500, #85804 500 . Hint: use a relative Once you have done that draw another rectangle to the right of the 1500.50 '95, start at 39500,24000 and make the rectangle 1500x9500. Click View > Toolbars, Check Object Snap toolbar. Close dialog box Now you will draw an are on the end of the last The ARC icon show ere is in the ARC- Si flyout. Hold the “start-centre-end" arc), mouse button down aver the arc icon on then select ithe the draw toolbar Endpoint snap mode (or and select the icon. type: END J) and select the bottom-right of the last Tectangle. For the centre point of the Arc, select Figure 2: Shows the location of the ARC. the Midpoint Snap Mode (or type: MID -!) and select the middle of the right edge of the last rectangle. For the end of the Arc, select the Endpoint Snap Mode and select the top-right of the rectangle Save the Drawing Save the drawing: select lor type: save -!), if you are prompted for a drawing name, select the appropriate Drive and Directory and type a drawing name (for example: Museum ) and select "OK" Copy & Rotate the Building Wing Now we want to copy and rotate the two rectangles and the arc (3 times), AutoCAD provides the array command to achieve this. The array command is used to copy one or more objects in either a rectangular or circular pattern and when a circular pattern is used the objects can be rotated Poler Array is on the Modify Toolbar Select \*#Jpolar array, AutoCAD will prompt a dialog box, click on the Fneaed ata rasa Phge | 21 of 36AutoCAD 2009 Ena else Select Object button in the dialog box, click below ang bottom-left corner of the left rectangle and then moy : 1e | " the selection rectangle oncloses the two rectangloy 4." Mout then click the mouse button (3 objects should be selene’, the ap. el are -Ito end the selection process lected) Thee Pe, Click Polar Array radio button. Now, click Pick Center Point button in to select center point. Select the center of the circles. cater Seecing Mtg, Now in Total Number of you can pick the items box type 4 (if itis circle and NOT already 4, leave it as itis.) necessarily the In Angle to fill box type centre! 360 (if it is already 360 degrees, leave it as it is.) Check Rotate items as copied check box. (Leave it as itis, if it is already checked). Click OK. Figure 3: Drawing with all 4 buildin in place. 9 "Wing Exploding Objects! Now we need to erase some of the lines we've drawn. When rectangle command is used the rectangle that is drawn is a “polyp which means that all the lines that make up the object are join together, the lines Forconvenience, in must be "exploded" the following before any parts of section, Iiltalk of the “top-right wing” the rectangle can be and the ‘bottom. erased right wing". By the aroanei wings) Select rom the oaitne fest Modify toolbar (or rectangles and arc type EXPLODE -1) that you drew, and select both the the pore rectangles in the rectangles and are “tOP-right corner! ‘ithe pottomright and then press -!. If corner!! AutoCAD doesn't display any error messages then the explode — command worked! dashed Figure 4 _Lines to be erased Urea outa Pasa Page | 22 of 36AutoCAD 2009 Erasing Objects — gt is the alias for 2s" To erase the edges, selectltrom the modify toolbar (or type: E w ig the aliag hon 27 the fight edge ofthe inner rectangle, and press ~ Select “ar is the alias (or type: R -!). Now we erase the other line there! Select erase again, Jor "redraw" click on the line in the same place and press To test your understanding: explode the two rectangles in the "bottom- right wing” and the erase all the inner’ lines (see figure 4). Stretching Your Wings “c"els AutoCAD Now you need to stretch the "bottom-left wing" and then remove the that you will create 2 ‘erossing® inner lines. Select [Mor type: stretcH 1). Type ¢ land then draw a window. The normal selection window around selection window ey tose fee and through the f_ objects wholly rectangle (see within the section figure 5), press to window. A crossing terminate the selection | ‘Stretch selection rectangl selection window process, click with left solets objects nat mouse button near the party waite selected objects, and ‘section window. tyPe: @-10000,0 (this is the "stretch distance"). If that worked the building wing should stretch 10 metres, ee, Figure 5: Stretch selection rectangle. Now explode both the rectangles in the "bottom-left wing” and erase the veriical lines, except the line from the centre of the circles. One Last Circle... ‘The last object to add is a circle inside the arc of the "bottom-left "Cis the alias for 6 “circle. wing". Select “AXor type: ¢ ~). Select the Center snap mode (3 (or type: CEN -) and click on the arc; then type 3600 ~1(the circle's radius). Save the Drawing! Its always worth 4 saving your work a regularly! Select (or type: QSAVE ~). atl ata Tage | 23 of 36AutoCAD 2009 More Explosions and Deletions... ° The drawing is Select: from the modify toolbar (or type EXPLODE .J (Or tyr ), Sele basically complete, “tangles at the centre of the original citcles (use a croseine A ath all that needs to be Window), and then press! 9 Select done is to change Some of he ine. If AutoCAD displays a message saying that some objects couly 'ypes! exploded - ignore the message - it's simply saying that sore of the rectangles have already been exploded, 7 There are 8 lines going to the centre (4 are "covered" by the others) You need to erase 4 of them, select erase L#Ifrom the modify tooth, (or type: E 4), then click on each of the four lines and finally press - Select redraw Bhrom the standard toolbar (or type: R 4), you shoy now be able to see the lines that were under the lines you erased! Changing Line Types Before changing some of the lines to dashed lines, we need to load the linetype(!). Select. Format - Linetype.... then click "Load..." button. AutoCAD will display a list of linetypes, select "HIDDEN" (you will need to scroll through the list!), then select "OK", then select "OK" again to dismiss the "Select Linetype" dialog box. Figure 6: Finished Museum Select properti rom the " standard toolbar”, click Select Objects button and, the four lines going to the centre of the original circles and the arcs in the " left" and “top-right" wings (see figure 6), then press 1. AutoCAD will display "Properties" dialog box with different settings, select "Linetype...", pick "HIDDEN" | the list and select "OK". Then replace the "1" in the Linetype Scale text field with 100 finally select close the dialog box. The objects should be redrawn using dashed lines (see figure 6). The End That's all for this exercise. Save your drawing and then exit AutoCAD (or type: end - save and exit). Aeepared bn: Genta Pras Pawe | 24 of 36 al,Exercise-18 : Site Layout Exercise This exercise is designed to help you understand how to construct drawings from given dimensions and how to use the various drawing and modify tools to create new drawing elements. The Plan 169, [15-4 ia | 4s [Corner 5 U 205,245 Gricte Centre 300,170 38 Building Comer 242,102 & Site Boundary (Corner 75,55 Ty The above illustration shows the boundary of a development site and two office buildings. All dimensions are in meters. Use the dimensions and co-ordinates to accurately draw the site boundary and building footprints (you do not need to draw the dimensions, these are for information only). Think about layers. Perhaps you shoul use one layer far the boundary and one for the builings. There may be infinite number of ways to construct this drawing; there isn't a right way or a wrong way. Use draw and modify skills you have already learnt to construct the drawing in the most logical way. If you get stuck, have another look at some of the tutorials. Also, think about using direct distance entry. When you have completed the site layout, you can have some fun. You need to add a road to the site for traffic circulation. You also need to add a lake, an area for car parking and some trees vad: ata Pra Faye | 25 of 36 BalesYRutoCad 2009 | TAuocan2 s |__Brercise 19aaa? 20 [ Exercise -20 Arvada ras age | 27 of 36 2Exercise -21——— Exercise -22. | USE LIMITS, FILLET, MIRROR commands Poy _s a eo | 2 Is | il —--— 200 \ |: |Basic AutoCAD Terminologies & Command List Here are some basic terms that you will need to know to begin using Autoc D, ——____—__—_— Absolute co-ordinates ‘acad.dwt eee Associated Dimensio This i s the default template that automatically loads | whenever you start a drawing session. It can be customized, Dimensions that are associated wih specific points wil update as thay” point is moved. Back ey ickup file | AutoCAD can be set to automatically backup your drawing and save it. | This is a safeguard in case your file gets corrupted. It is saved with a. extension - Block ‘A pre-drawn image you can insert in your drawing to save time and mak Lo your file size smaller. Crosshairs | This is your cursor when itis inthe drawing space. a Cursor Your cursor will change depending on where it sin the program. Database ‘An AutoCAD drawing file is actually one large database containing all the | ialog box iL | Drawing template file information needed to reproduce the cbjects when the file is opened. Info for layers and linetypes, et are stored inthis manner. [AutoCAD uses a large number of dialog boxes to get information from you. You must know how input the information that it asks for This isa fle that contains preset values for frequently used settings. AKA a prototype drawing. The file extension is DWT. | Extents ‘The outer boundaries of the objects you have drawn. ‘Grid “This is pattern of dots displayed on the sereen to guide you. Itcan be toggled on and off by pressing the F7 key. ‘Grips | Small ‘handles’ on objects tat allow for quick editing Layer J All objects are drawn on a layer. You can group objects (such as electrical on a single layer and organize your drawing. Layout Tabs Am optional area used for plotng your drawings Limits ‘A setting to impose an ‘artificial Boundary on your drawing and scale you [text and dimensions, et ‘ Linetype All objects are drawn with a particular linetype. Examples would be soi, center, dashed, et. / Model space [The drawing space where you'model ‘the objects Modify | generic term used for changing your objects Object Any item that isin the AutoCAD database, Also own a8 a4 entity. Ortho mode ‘par: aaa Prasad irrent co-ordinat “The (0,0) point of you ines. t This is a drawing mode that allows you to draw only perpendi lar fin _[is toggled on and offby pressing the FS Key. Page | 30 of 36 iy[This isa method of' ‘nay au ping to certain, Presse points on an abject | [The specifi a re ic fader where AutoCAD looks for, or saves fil files, ct an object by! lefi- clicking on it. Teftelicking’on it, | [Also known 8 print. To make a hard copy of your cur dawing, dt path ——__ ron JA wa [Away oft inputting points based on distance and angle. scale, linetype, start | OE —— A way of inputting points based on a stating point. _ ES eee astarting point, ra specific characteristic of ich as layer, an object such as layer, lcccaien st _ |The current group of objects selected for modifying | \Suap This isa drawing mode that allows you to snap your curso to precise | | points laid out in a grid pater, Togele with the F9 key. ied Formatting that defines the look of text, dimensions, ete. nie The basic drawing unt set for you drawing, For example, you can use | inches or millimeters depending on your needs. You can also set the | precision you want displayed, such nearest 1/4", 1/2" 1/64", etc. ‘Teer co-ordinate system | Modifications made tothe World Co-ordinate System (WCS) results ina ‘ucs) | User Co-ordinate System (UCS) ‘View [A parteuar area of your dawing | |Viewport 1A separate ‘window’ on your drawing. You may have more than one | viewport visible to see different areas of your drawing a the same ti Wizard "An easy step-by-step instruction set to help you set-up certain aspects of your drawing, i ‘World Co-ordinate | Thisis the common X-Y co-ordinate system thats the default. itis | System (WCS) | modified, it becomes a User co-ordinate System (UCS) | ‘Zoom |-To view either a smaller section of your drawing (zoom in) or alarget | Il section (zoom out) Drawing and Modify Commands Menu Draw a straight line segment Draw > Line from one point to the next _| | Draws a crcl based ona | center point and radius. | + } - Draw > Circle > | Circle | Circle C Center, Radius Y | | Erase/E | G2 | Modify > Erase Erases an object. “Print / Plot ~~ |Enables the Print/Plot Print Gntl#P File Print | Configuration Dialog Box iu = wey | Undo (Don'tuse ‘Undo’ £* "| Edit> Undo —_Undoes the last command | fornow) | heard Gta Pras Page | 31 of 36Comma | Keystroke | ~{|__seystrot eu [Menu | Result ~~ [RECTANGLE = | Draws are — Pee 3 |prew> |Draws a rectangle after REC X Rectangle enter one corer and th. te _ | second. TM the Multi Lines june sme. No icon |Draw> . . en | Muttiine Trim TRIM/ TR er Draw parallel lines baseg ~~ the parameters you defing Modify > Trim | Tfims objects to a selectey ~ — cutting edge. Extend | extenosex | Modify > Extends objects to a selege: a oe | Extend boundary edge. a Offset —_jorrse er oe anced Gann, TIO | alll) Lo : |Medify > Offset | 5 set distance by Object Salt — —— OSNAP/OS/F3 [Benap | Tools > Object | Brings up the OSNAP dia} Snaps z CLICKIPSNAP | Snap Settings | box. °9 Object Snaps a 1 Ss I - |_ SETTING _| Perpendicular | Midpoint _ Tangent | [ Center Nearest | | Nowe oe | Quadrant - Parallel | Intersection None | [ “Extension Osnap Setting | | - Insertion Point Peete | Snap From Prepare by: Guta Pras Page | 32 of 36 phasesAutoCAD 2009 Selecting Objects Called Display | Effect | | Window | Solid [Selects On Objects That Are |" | | Completely Withir | Crossing Dotted oats [cc Any Object | _| Selection | Crosses The Boundary Or Is Inside It | Modifying Commands | Icon Icon | menu | Result, wove | Move/ M xe [Moves an object or objects | {oo I LO _ _ _ — | iCopies object(s) once or Copy Copy! CP Bs wea > COPY | multiple times | | Stretches an object after | stretch | Stretch / S | a Modify > Stretch [you have selected a | i portion o of it i io ; FN | Creates a mirror image of | Mor) Mirror Mt | (AN | Mosity > Miror [ ectarseecon set Modifying Commands [Command | Keystroke | Ieon Menu Rewlt | ta sean | mane > [| now> none [Rgameomewssein | | 5 Creates a round comer Fillet rie se | €| Mosity> ie ieee ie ae | Creat Jed comer Chamfer | Chamfer/CHA | [7 Miche te veo Hines ° | : — = newer ee ___—_ Go ‘eates a repeating pattern of || amy | Asay 78 | Gy vtiy> ar he selected objects | Layers and Dimensioning | Command | Keystroke | Icon | Menu | "Result | ‘Layer |Layer/LA | \starts the Layer and Linetype- Po | |property dialog box Text “Text "No. [Draw > ‘creates a single jine oftext. | Feon [Single Line Text | ram rasa age | 33 of 36[Dimension [Dim __| Many |Dimension > [Dimensions Previously dravn ~ | (pick one) | objects ‘Seale, |scale/SC | |F] |Modify > |Proportionately resizes (ors ~ | al ee |objects ("al Object Properties _ Command | Keystroke | Icon [Menu Result Properties | PROPERTIES | |Displays the properties g. ~ a | HY > Broperties | ect in the Propertce Pate ——_—_ PETES Pal Zooming and Panning ‘COMMAND _ SCRIPTION = DESCRIPTION OPTION This option causes AutoCAD to display the whole drawing as farasig ~ Zo01 m All drawing limits or drawing extents (whichever i the greater ofthe two, This option requires two things: a point that is tobe the center ofthe ney display and a value to be its new height in drawing units. The existing is the default for the new height to allow for panning across the drawit the new height value is followed by "X" (eg. 2x), then it is taken as a ‘magnification factor relative to the current height. If Followed by "XP, it is taken as a scale factor relative to paper space and can be used for ‘scalin the contents of paper space viewports. heigl ng | Zoom Center | | This is a very useful ZOOM option once itis understood. It permits very quick movement around the drawing. Once selected, this option redravs sraphics area ofthe screen and displays two rectangles. The larger box sy. the extents ofthe curent drawing. The smaller box shows the current view with an "X" in the middle. This moves with the mouse. This view box shu Zoom Dynamic | axe {be positioned so that its lower left corner is at the lower left comer of the view required. By pressing the left button on the mouse, the "X" is replaced by an "> " pointing ‘othe right side of the view box. This allows you to change the magnification, As the mouse is moved, the view box shrinks an expands so that the size of the required view can be set. The left mouse button toggles between PAN "X" and ZOOM "> " mode so that fine adjustments can be achieved. When the view required has been selected, press ot right click to cause AutoCAD to display it This option will display all the graphics that are contained in the drawing Zoom Extents | (referred to as the drawing extents) with the largest image possible This option restores the displayed view prior to the current one. For the . | [Ge | purpose of this option, up to 10 views are saved so that the last ten views oom) Erevious ia Seated Tne option includes every time you use the scroll bar, which | j one reason to avoid the scroll bars for panning a lot in your drawit poe te SUE PTET aTTUUETEETE ERE | This isa thidden' default option. You do not have to type "S" to choose ht | ____ Jeption. I simply requires the entry of a number that represents. | magnification factor. Note that the factor is applied to the entire drawine* 1 Zoom Scale S | defined by the drawing’ limits). Numbers less than | will reduce tHe displayed size ofthe drawing, while numbers greater than 1 will ela "X" is inserted after the number (eg. 0.8x) th the factor is applied . eyed: Gntam Prasad Page | 34 of 36AutoCAD 2009 9 current view. IE"XP" i inserted relative to paper space. This sp : ater the scale factor, then the view is sealed eal Useful for zooming a view within a paper [pees Newest ion iffc scale, for example, "/48XP" will produc {view of model space ata seale of 4" = "relative to paper space “ This option ‘ie ie isan default) prompts the user to pick two corners of a | i View in order to enlarge that arca to fill the display. +———- Zoom Realtinve provides interactive zooming capability, Pressing (after entering zoom) o1 matically places (a mm) on t aoe })on the command line automatically places Hl ie eft mous ton dyn te min the dawing an mose | he cursor vertically tothe top (positive direction) of the window to zoom in sx |up to 100% (2x magnification) Hold the lft mouse button down a the | Zoom Realtime ee midpoint ofthe raving and move te cuso verily fo the botom | (negative direction) of the window to z00m out t0100% (5x magnification). | You cannot zoom out Beyond te extents ofthe current view | ‘When you release the ick button, zooming stops: Youcan release the pick | button move the cursor to another location in the drawing, and then press the | pick button again and continue zooming from that locaton, To exit Realtime | [Zoom mos, press or (ESC) separate window so that you can quickly move to that area Ifyou keep the ‘Avril View window open as you work, you can zoom and pan without ‘Aetal View ‘foosing » menu option or entering a command. You can change the view Py command one {eteatinga new view box in the Aci ‘View window. To zoom in to the DSVIEWER | revving, make the view box smaller by left clicking a rectangle, To zoom o¥t \of the drawing, make the view box larger. As you Zoom in OF ‘out of the Gaming, a real-time view ofthe curent Zoom location is displayed in the i | graphics area. The sereenshot shows how the view box Jooks. Right click in i the box and you can move the box to where you want £0 200M 0 | This option asks you to select an objector objects, then press ‘ and | Pease will zoom to those objects only. Tiss reat for when you want (2 ‘work on object. j T licking this con will zoom into the drawing by about 50%. Ths option is | ‘only available as an con and cannot be invoked by the command line. | Similar to 'Zoom In’ - this icon will zoom out of your drawing and allow you | to see about 50% more of your drawing space. | Ifyou have a scrolling wheel on your mouse, yOu can use it to zoom in and | Mouse Scroll ___ joutof your drawing, Scroll towards you to Zoom out ‘and away from you to. | oom in You have the option to change the amount of zoom per wheel click with the Zoomfactor system variable. ‘Aerial View is a zooming tool that displays a view of the drawing ina | | ‘Panning allows you to quickly move around the drawing area at the same |< 5 | magnification you curently have set Type in PAN (or P) and a SIE | fund will appear on the screen, Left click and hold to move around your drawing. (PAN Poqui anras 35 of 0 iAutoCAD 2009 BLOCKS ry u il Result - | Draw'> Block ie > Make ij ‘Creates a block from se entities (intern: | drawing) Para al to current Insert > Block Inserts a block (intemal on | Insert “Insert 1S extemal) | POLYLINES Command | Keystroke | | teon | Menu {_ Result | robe | Toon | Menu Polyline ‘Pline / PL | Draw > Polyline [Creates a polyline of arcs | [andor lines | ee soo | Polyline Edit Pedit / PE Modify > Edits polyline objects j Polyline | HATCHING Command | Keystroxe | Yeon | Menu) Result] —T | ~~ — | f& 5 | Covers an area with a | Boundary Hatch jenni U [Draw > Hatch [weet / jf tae | ~ | ' . . =F | Modify > Object | Teds an existing “Hatch Bit |Hatcheait HE | iz Mach ah |