PRACTICE: INSTALLING OPERATING SYSTEMS (DRIVER SEARCH)

P Practice 6.

Date: 25-01-2023 Group:2 Mark:

Student.

Name: MOHAMED Surname:HARDI LAFOU

1.1. Introduction.___________________________________________
To understand how an operating system is stored on the hard drive of your computer, we must be
clear about certain concepts of the hard disk logical structure. Concepts such as boot sector,
partition (primary and logical) or file system are essential for a good understanding of how and
where the operating systems installed on our computers are stored.

We will learn also how to install an operating system in a computer in which all we have are their
physical components working properly (it has no operating system and applications installed). This
operation will be similar in situations where we need to reinstall the operating system in a computer
(slow PC, lost files, etc.).

1.2. Objective.______________________________________________
∙ Getting to know the different existing file systems and the evolution they have had on the
different Windows versions.
∙ Getting to know the different Linux distributions, as a precursor of Free Software. ∙ Installing
Windows/Linux operating systems in a computer having no operating system. ∙ Installing
Windows/Linux operating systems in a computer that due to efficiency reasons must be
formatted.

1.3 .Material._______________________________________________
∙ PC classroom.

∙ Microsoft Windows Operating Systems.

∙ Windows XP Setup Simulation Program.

∙ Articles:
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds
∙ Videos (History of Linux and Windows).

∙ Websites:
o www.ubuntu.com

1.4. Development.__________________________________________
The first thing we will do is reading the Windows Wikipedia article. The goal is to understand the
evolution that Microsoft Windows has taken from its beginnings to the present day. With the obtained
information (look for new websites if it is necessary) you
must complete the following table:

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Version Year File Main Features

Systems

WINDOWS 1 1985 NFTS APPLICATION,MULTITASKING,USER-FRIENDLY

WINDOWS 3.1 1995 NFTS NEW TYPE OF SUPPORT,32 BIT DESK ACCESS
RAM LIMT 64MB

WINDOWS 95 1995 NATI6B COMPABILIY WITH LEGALY HARDWARE AND MS-DOS

WINDOWS XP 2001 NFTS EXPANSION SUPPORT OF MORE MORE NOTEBOOK

AND MULTI MONITOR
NATI6B

WINDOWS 2006 NFTS UUPDATE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE AND

VISTA INUSUAL STYLE

WINDOWS 7 2009 NFTS SPEECH AND HANDWRITING RECOGNITA SUPPORT

FOR VISUAL HARD DISIES

WINDOWS 8 2012 NFTS SPEEDY BOOT TIME ,INNOVATIVE DYNAMIC DESTOP

WINDOWS 10 2015 NFTS NEW START MENU CORTANA INTEGRATE VIRTUAL

UNIVERSAL APPS

WINDOWS 11 2021 NFTS MAC-LIKE INTERFACE ,WIDGATE,BETTER UNTUAL

DESK

The latest stable version of Microsoft's Operating System is Windows 10. Look for some information
about this new version.
 Windows 10

Features Includes customization, microsoft edge which is a new improvement, new

code light and support for multiple systems.

Enhancement Corrects the mistake that windows did to make it stable.

s over
previous
versions

Installation Latest OS with 16 RAM, 1 GHZ processor, 800+600 display, 166GB for 32 bit
requirements OS or 20GB for 64 bit OS.

Installation of Operating Systems (Windows)

Every time a new operating system appears in the market, users tend to want to try it on the first day
of its release. However, they often take a big disappointment when the installing process of the new
operating system warns them that is impossible be installed because their computer has not enough
RAM or hard disk space.

Hence the importance of knowing in advance the features of our computer and the installation
requirements for the operating system you want to test.

Find out (searching in Google) what are the minimum installation requirements of the following
operating systems:
System (Hardware) Requirements – Windows XP

CPU 233 MHZ Pentium

RAM Memory 64 Mb

Hard Drive 156 GB

System (Hardware) Requirements – Windows Vista

CPU 800 MHZ

RAM Memory 512 MB

Hard Drive 20 GB
 System (Hardware) Requirements – Windows 7

CPU 1 GHZ (64 or 32 bits)

RAM Memory 1 GB x 32 / 2 GB x 64

Hard Drive 16 GB x 32 / 20 GB x 64

System (Hardware) Requirements – Windows 8.1

CPU 1 GHZ

RAM Memory 1 GB x 32 / 2 GB x 64

Hard Drive 16 GB x 32 / 20 GB x 64

System (Hardware) Requirements – Windows 10

CPU 1 GHZ

RAM Memory 1 GB x 32 / 20 GB x 64

Hard Drive 16 GB x 32 / 20 GB x 64

Install in the lab computer those operating systems that can be installed according the minimum
system requirements above and the actual features of your computer.

Make a video tutorial with the installations of one of them. An extra task can
be the following: ∙ Install the typical software (https://ninite.com …)

How identify and update drivers in your PC?

The Device Manager Utility in Windows is an extremely useful tool used to manage your computer's
hardware devices. After accessing Device Manager, you can manage drivers, solve device conflicts,
view system resources, and more.

There are several ways to open Device Manager in Windows 7. You can access Device Manager
from the Control Panel or from the Command Prompt (devmgmt.msc).

To learn how to Access device manager from the control panel in Windows 7, read the following
tutorial: http://pcsupport.about.com/od/windows7/ht/device-manager-cp-windows-7.htm

Updating drivers in Windows 7 is necessary when a hardware device doesn't install automatically,
when the hardware is having some kind of problem, or as part of some other troubleshooting with the
hardware.

Updating a driver is many times the solution to a Device Manager error code. Updating drivers for a
piece of hardware will also sometimes enable additional features for the hardware.

Read the following tutorial to manually update drivers from within Device Manager in Windows 7:
http://pcsupport.about.com/od/fixtheproblem/ht/update-drivers-windows-7.htm

The installation of modern operating systems usually includes a lot of default drivers. Make sure you
have all the drivers installed in your computer and do a research about versions of some of them to
see if they are updated or if you can exchange it for one that is not generic.

Driver updater tools do just what you're probably thinking - they help you update some or all of the
device drivers installed in Windows for your computer's hardware.

These free driver updater programs make keeping your drivers updated easy. Use one, and you
won't need to deal with Device Manager so much, you won’t need to go and find the right driver from
your hardware maker yourself either.

One of these programs is Driver Genius but there are a lot of them. Go to the following website and
learn about other similar programs.

http://pcsupport.about.com/od/driversites/tp/free-driver-updater-tools.htm

Add this section to the video tutorial made for each of the operating systems that you have previously

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Installation of Operating Systems (Linux)

In 1991, in Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel. He wrote the
program specifically for the hardware he was using and independent of an operating system because
he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with an 80386 processor. Development was done on
MINIX using the GNU C compiler. The GNU C Compiler is still the main choice for compiling Linux
today. The code however, can be built with other compilers, such as the Intel C Compiler.

Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention Freax, a portmanteau of "free", "freak", and "x" (as an
allusion to Unix). At the beginning of his work on the system, he stored the files under the name
"Freax" for about half of a year. Torvalds had already considered the name "Linux," but initially
dismissed it as too self-centred.

In order to facilitate development, the files were uploaded to the FTP server (ftp.funet.fi) of FUNET in
September 1991. Ari Lemmke, Torvalds' coworker at the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT)
who was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at the time, did not think that "Freax"
was a good name. So, he named the project "Linux" on the server without consulting Torvalds. Later,
however, Torvalds consented to "Linux".

Torvalds announced in 1996 that there would be a mascot for Linux, a penguin. This was due to the
fact that when they were about to select the mascot, Torvalds did mention he was bitten by a little
penguin (Eudyptula minor) on a visit to the National Zoo & Aquarium in Canberra, Australia. Larry
Ewing provided the original draft of today's well known mascot based on this description. The name
Tux was suggested by James Hughes as derivative of Torvalds' UniX.

Currently, Linux is not presented to the user as a single and monolithic system but as a large family
of versions that they are called distributions.

A Linux distribution (often called a distro for short) is an operating system made as a software
collection based on the Linux kernel and, often, on a package management system. Linux users
usually obtain their operating system by downloading one of the Linux distributions, which are
available for a wide variety of systems.
A typical Linux distribution comprises a Linux kernel, GNU tools and libraries, additional software,
documentation, a window system (the most common being
the X Window System),

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a window manager, and a desktop environment. Most of the included software is free and open
source software made available both as compiled binaries and in source code form, allowing
modifications to the original software. Usually, Linux distributions optionally include some proprietary
software that may not be available in source code form, such as binary blobs required for some
device drivers.

Probably the best way to learn Linux is start to use it. We've chosen Ubuntu, one of the most
modern and dynamic Linux distributions. Although this is an important decision, it is not
transcendental because all distros share a common set of basic applications and common work
environment. Ubuntu also has the huge advantage that can be run from the CD-ROM without
installation. In this way, Ubuntu does not alter in any way your hard drive and it is therefore a way of
testing the system safely.

In order to understand in a simple and fast way that is the Linux operating system and what changes
it has undergone since its inception to the different current distributions, follow these steps:

∙ Read the following articles from Wikipedia:

o Unix.
o Linux.
o Linus Torvalds.
∙ Visit the website of the Ubuntu distribution.

∙ Watch the documentary screened in class about the Linux history.

After performing these activities we'll discuss the main aspects of this operating system in class.

Search on the Internet and write down at least five different Linux distributions different from Ubuntu.
Write the main feature of each of them:

Linux Distribution Main Feature

Kubuntu Using KDE instead of GNOME desktop environment

Lubuntu Derivative of the Ubuntu operating system

Ubuntu server For use in servers IBM mainframes and controls printers

Ubuntu studio Open-source applications for multimedia creation

Xubuntu Less powerful computers who seek a highly efficient desktop

environment faster systems

It's time to install our Linux operating system. Download the latest version from the Ubuntu official
website and write its system requirements.
System (Hardware) Requirements – Linux Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

CPU 1 GHZ

RAM Memory 512 MB

Hard Drive 2`5 GB

What is a LTS version?

How many of them are there available?

Install in your computer Ubuntu version that you downloaded.

Make a video tutorial showing the installation process.

1.4. Optional Task.__________________________________________

In this section, you can do anything that can improve the practice. It will be assessed with an extra
point in the practice assessment.

Explain below what you have done.