Title: CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
I. INTRODUCTION
Definitions of Curriculum
Defined as a sequence of potential experiences set up in school for the
purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and
acting.
A document which describes a structured series of learning objectives and
outcomes for a given subject matter area
II. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
A. Characteristics of Curriculum Development
It is a process
It is an orderly, logical, cohesive constructing of knowledge and
experience
The ultimate aim of CD should be emotional and spiritual maturity of
students and academic excellence
B. Curriculum Development Phases
1. Curriculum Planning- considers the school vision, mission and goals.
2. Curriculum Designing- include the resources to be utilized and the
statement of the intended learning outcomes.
3. Curriculum Implementing- is where action takes place
4. Curriculum Evaluating-determines the extent to which the desired
outcomes have been achieved.
C. Curriculum Development Process Models
1. Ralph Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
He posited four fundamental principles which are illustrated as
answers to the following questions: What education purposes should
schools seek to attain? What educational experiences can be
provided that are likely to attain these purposes? How can these
educational experiences be effectively organized? How can we
determine whether these purposes are being attained or not?
2. Hilda Taba Model: Grassroots Approach
She believed that teachers should participate in developing a
curriculum.
As a grassroot approach Taba begins from the bottom, rather than
from the top as what Tyler proposed.
3. Galen Saylor and William Alexander Curriculum Model
Saylor and William Alexander (1974) viewed curriculum development
as consisting of four steps: Goals, Objectives and Domains,
Curriculum Designing, Curriculum Implementation, Evaluation
D. Curriculum Development Approaches
1. Intellectual-Academic Approach- Emphasizes the importance of theories
and principles in curriculum planning.
2. Behavioral-Rational Approach-Defines the why (objectives), what
(content), how (method), when (sequence) and how much (scope).
3. Systems-Managerial Approach-Curriculum is viewed as the major
system and the other processes related to it such as supervision,
instruction and evaluation are subsystems.
4. Humanistic-Aesthetic Approach- Emphasizes the uniqueness of each
child and the curriculum has to be designed and developed based on the
needs, interests, and ability of children.
5. Eclectic Approach - In this approach, teacher has more flexibility &
adaptability to choose best elements according to the need & aim of the
students.
III. CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION
A. Curriculum Implementation Implications
1. Shift from what is current to a new or enhanced curriculum
2. Change in knowledge, actions, attitudes of the person involved. A
complete transition or shift from the previous to a new curriculum.
3. Change which requires efforts hence goals should be achievable.
B. Factors That Influence Curriculum Implementation
1. The Teacher
2. The Learners
3. Resource Materials and Facilities
4. Interest Groups
5. The School Environment
6. Culture and Ideology
7. Instructional Supervision
8. Assessment
IV. INSIGHTS
1. The curriculum is made up of a series of ongoing activities that are required
to convert educational objectives into tangible tasks, resources, and
perceptible behavioral changes. A curriculum utilized in the classroom by the
teacher can be a lesson plan, for instance.
2. Your content is the curriculum. The process of developing a lesson plan to
aid students in learning a subject is known as curriculum development. You
begin by determining what you want students to learn, examine the
methodology that best meets that need, create the learning materials using
the proper methodology, then assess and revise. It takes time, but it
enhances learning.
3. Planning the curriculum is essential to ensuring the program can be
implemented successfully.
4. Although any framework has the potential to inhibit or stifle "blue sky
thinking," curricular models aid in providing structure and suggestions for how
to build a program.
5. If you want a curriculum that fulfills all of your expectations, you must pay
close attention to all of its components, including the goals, content,
techniques, assessment, and evaluation.
6. The delivery of curricula during a pandemic is one example of how curricula
MUST be able to adapt to urgent and significant educational needs. However,
in some instances, the response seems to have been uneven.
[Link] is important to always keep in mind that curricula serve as the vehicle through
which society is educated, so everything that is included in the curriculum
must be carefully and thoughtfully chosen.
8. All of the educators engaged must have improving the process of developing
curriculum and managing curriculum as their top priorities. A sustainable and
effective curriculum will be made possible through collaboration between all
leaders or implementers of the curriculum in the school and the educational
system.
V. CONCLUSION
Due to the fact that curriculum development is not just about schools, students,
and teachers, it has a wide range of applications. The evolution of society as a whole
is another important aspect. By boosting the learner's motivation, self-esteem, and
confidence in a more focused setting, curriculum development aids in the learner's
personal growth. Additionally, it aids in students' development of innate talents, skills,
and strengths. To produce the desired results, teachers invent, implement, and
modernize their curricula. In addition, enhancing educational practice is the ultimate
objective of curriculum development.
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