396 $2, emanate shy he Ling he Pei mae ae = ins wider tbe mild farmer, th the ood fe eat lease cca oe 18 Ug eae, ter Tr, td se ea a iw, Sch a the ats (Saiewoe Bodin ohare eh et Simi tous appearance one may omissions Be Tse be ott o's he Seika ee Sel tt fe aceks fob te sole moar am enc of tall ommonweah CUnueh CHAPTER SEVENTEEN HOBBES ‘he moder age conceived inthe Rensstaace and Reformtion, was bor in The crn of ciel and stenatooal warm the events entry. A os Sjoostranstormee byweiio nto irveconlatle ec The Try Years War {iets- 154 stated Mth Proton real ia Bohemia, The coal son {oudenedincos mais caflgrstion, wnt mon European sate were nay involved civ ware an relatos sane up in half + dren couse, oy lly o England. Geran, the pineal tea of mltary operations. ex ‘erepulte, mpoversied and ruin by the wae Nether Potrero (Gils eona oncunve victory. and men tepan toate tbemsives wheter ‘moral an pyc devastation cul be juste by teelogea erences nul the age of covery that ie lone ar the Mediterranean held the sina postion in commerce ap itization, Eran ved onthe tim ofthe Sorsdscener ul ten fegrapical sone ahd overs apse sled {newors focal aren rom he Medtrrancas fsa yhesmustle ofthe sath” Mote Alaa shoces al weer Bone, Faphnd bees the cea te ‘ext woi ity afer ou making, nde eg commer nd the seventeenth entry the foundations were ld forthe Taare preset England in sceace medicine, navigation, pilosohy, easomcs tnd pics ‘The mipetenth often calod te “Eng cesta)" because England thee Zaid te penk oer te paws and wore aces, Yet the seven teovn spol the mast reave sentry in Enpsh hry, sees te nite center wa ul om the ean othe severe The tuning pint was reed bythe Purtan Revlon ad fo i wars (4643-1609) tought oe Tuntgment) sues tha cool tat be reared poe {tty iy there waste sue of pou bette Church of Egat was feild for foings Hate esse ane epengal reason a ell are Famgyna rjecedby any as being too cate tw Roman Cathotcism Asuale body of especable Protestants inved prebyieranism aan ateratve, ad or the teolpiea lft the independent Conpepalionab ete bapa 10 res thew demande. The doesn of Ring Janes "No Bthop, ao Kine madewe ‘erat Pia! Thinkers compromise with the Parte dificult, and withthe congegationalist seca ita ropossle. The second mata ave ft el war Was coniatcnl Wg sin sovereign, Pardament or he King? The se, eat actos elon 1nd poise was ora and eeonoml. to wbat extent should he merchants tance lamers a rescence in the poverning cass of tbe “The ltslines were by no means neatly drawn. The mos prominent general, oie penta ade ame om ingest o owing Lites Convery, many urban lemeé Particulate North td ‘West supported the aya se ia the war. Yet onthe whole the middle {lsc Wadeamen and yeoman farmers sported the patamestaty pay, $5 though hey mere bot agreed onthe fm of chute government thy Sri, they ai athered the High Avehcansem and epscpalante of he royal, wich seemed lle diferent for Roman Catholiciem and Ro- Imani meant Spain abd France, ie two sadona eerie of Engng The {oruamentsry party wae the mare naonlisic: atonal vast ese port {o'twac nin pel he dactne othe divine nat of King ‘The palsy party won bectse commanded sipetior economic td ‘inane resourse, Seense feet Wis Ide and bees the New ‘Mosel Arty foughi wats invincsle aan case King Chares | was pus ‘yb dn onary 3160 Ft sien ft, Wit he hed of Cares [se data ofthe vine ht of Kine le {0h ground Hs ie warned ll rors hw pon] author clo oe ‘rth the people than to God and ewe. “The true st a of be seventeen entry in England peonides the buckeound forthe plies! phlesophy cf a Tosely snd comrlea ire ‘Teoma Hobbes (1588-1679). Hobuer. uber nas ae mpecanios iat nd ‘omethog ols sharacier” Once, after a Sear might f Png cade, fe Swed nthe pulp sn surpued te coneranion y wang with he cy Cabs amps® He et in a brawl wih anos parson an ws road {Oget vay abandoning wile sd tne chen stot well o-39 lover who tok charg of the dered len, became parialny ies ‘din young Thomas bo read and woteat our learned Gest and Lata [ts and went fo Oxford at tee, Hotes stayed at Oaford or five eas at star sotto happy about the coue a stds which seemed him ard and ‘iatuned (Gn seceving is dete, Hobbes was recommended o Lord Cavendish ait smal the fea Bef Deion) forthe pst of companion and to of ‘eet snob wat about tbe same age af Hobos. The sociation wih he ‘Ghrendanamiy ened wih some narrations cal Hobe Seth Tae Sirease conaccion ints fam one of the moe siacatic mila, ‘etm of asa mel ae outesncng sense he dy ouch BoC, Hare, Desert, thd Gal. Hobe sao tavee? widely, aed spent femnpaywahas Coven ages cron is ony about wey yes od {Coie stot Pari there be came in ouch wi the new feo Sous developments fhe ie tn 1640, mes Fatiamon bps w at autor, Habs fed eat thtgttal tt eb arbe er soft Here as Inte eats wth yi cles ah endanger sft a {Eerhswrites pws ight race a ben cy stp cater tee an tnuemoetae ut hs sty in Pars be sre, om 1640 teed Chae has of te excel ash in mabe Ta 16S, Hes wen bck to oan, cae he" wou otra a sft wt French cig) helt epnedHe ecred is usin 1 he new ‘uc ime an raped a Eopad a is Sa 16. Titer pet wrk he Lethon spend ose eos is return ta Eland. Tec war pred Se fhe casero fhe book SUHEI mute Hate’ tan ie oe fool lang ee seul Sa Yr on, tgs thee fad Wen no el pene tn Egand ce re [Scenson oth tront nein 1603 The Levon tm ploy fer EeSoan Some. sors gambar of demote orem be Oe He ener theory of politics in the Eagish bngease, US of tele pverment who start ost with ie oe ‘eto steagth obo. he nee hs eoogh stags tol the tog. ‘ier yang um ere orby alginate forthe puro Shred net clce Habs fdr an even gsr ontur equaly Froenc mater of time Sind expecene that cos he segues ty eey ons ha ti fy ve nore win oe Bt fellow mck, soe ean stdoncly, pel tat en ee tater thn aneoal This bat equity of mw ia prncipal sours of rouble and sry. Men haven general equ cules they ak ders ke pes and Sees two ‘op dete the same thing wee by canon beth bai hey become ems 2 sek to destroy each oe. In these of ag’ theo, mea ae In ‘te a of erm at arya eb ae ae Tee" Fors an, wo arial virtua of wa ows tet. hereof perpetual er and sr ed by ther penal cua compet fon, dene, and lor. ach condition, there so place for inst, Sesiculture nario, tide there are ng arts eters; a0 soit, no amen ‘Er ofcvsaed tim sod, ort oak there "cootnal farang Senger of ‘sen death andthe ie of man solitary, poo hasty rash abd short "iobves doc not eens dco ne question wether men have sctoaly ever ned such 2 uate of nate He noes that the “save peop fn may Pikes of America” ave no goverament wd lve in he brush manner de ‘ibe Yer evep ithe ate ature ap never exited generally allover he etl one coal envisage the kind of ie ma would lead if hee mee Do {orerament His argument he ate of ature nother word pop ‘Tanda torical Oa the basi tn anthopslopial dat hai we owes ‘day tat that were not ances fo Hobbes, we know tale sactaly ore ‘alte inthe so-cled prime gueup thn nthe communy of the more chanced tage Avs thocaghpeng wndWiduali and rationalist bee eas eey rest Pita! Thinks ware that th ily oda, ad nt heed the bascoc wi ‘prime scan Corson pose at iw mecha 1 Sri confrny Fema bes may sem, eel depen ost man aio one tte evant fin tel esate Te eBay accom o eae etc ove ‘E gory ge ma ote dee secon 3mm, he sn fenkke be neam of scatmodioas suas Hgobe oa stone oat but raes berms das cocked appear fen Sore ‘Redacy tw tga pa fan, ha sel eal tot i [och io ana Seman aes her ofc primary Seto conpeten, esta perp a of lata remy ‘Sows the way out to acta he people of not Join that anatbe “wh Sepoictemeoubei cw aetna song mes sot oda .om another nh hey Would Rot wih fo hae dove 0 ‘iat woul a besten Taugh ann ical team po ectand denn om tre aot his nee power an By By ictorhig eve hou sos here stesriig poner tone took {oeep fa toh promot bere “coven wie ood ae Ua Sonitandesosteagno ears un alien ee peas cngh TEEIma e cbele crnins shat ¢wetorasity ret {econ hve woul eo sede oem ml, fhe uid be pee witout ompuloe To mate neil of adm Seno ef ety smc oes pnse sot auorg—ont thr arama nom bored to wom versed Mh sl cristo bh wade Berne ie ond et nt aetna sere Te see 9 ttt pary toe cone ieee att oneptin oto conc errs cnt ‘Stamey bcc coven cae ternary oy pater sett clon oor overage subject athe tbo al a ert eran mes are pot comp ay af he ars aon temas be ‘rte be iter dime ury tReet cons hate Featon beau canna, deinion, clea e Geers Feta ut nd cto si “Ticeuhny finest fi ooo fe condo Heth, tot oon ote gta oun pre the me) {i pas ft pope or whic gernment ele. However ot ‘purely practical grounds Hotes easiers mooarehy the best farm af tte Teil en rom compen ocean we thn Goa are [Sista teow rest era) ‘Soverigy power i “incommanicable and inseparable. and Hobbes attacks saying owe pcp iat sy weaken heme post {the sate Hels ebeweny opel a ison of poets macs pre Set ani peso roy tt ee oi ave bens cb rein th fad sa eo rte widsread apc somes wove aos vida beteen Kin, Lond, nd Combons. Theres arcu danger i the fneny ofthe subject to hnllenge the sdom of leaaty of the sereges ‘rons he pono doctrine" hat “ery priate un sud of pod ang ‘Si aclons an hat “wbatsosers an docs paint bs coseenee. sn” ‘eal sch "seus docins” Hobbes demands he Ungualiied obed ie af te subject. "To keep the atorty ofthe tae stron. Hotes advises he sverign not to allow he rowah of rou and stuns tha ternen belvers Safe and {ndidusl Hobbes parcel aoxious to pesca shores ror salting nan ay withthe activist rt andi has doctane the church comes In ects department of the sate remods te er) at it ‘Sicereral to the commonwealth nd hati saety oe chute depends nr ti ete ata eat ofthe car ‘ohiber had mo seligon: He dees reliion i poe topeber wilh true si tn supers a fllows ar af power ie feted bythe Suna ersmagized om fae publi allowed! elson na alowed urs ‘or. And when the power mained uly sacha we imagine, rein” ‘Tse detintions a ichaed ot a aacasnn of thot ox tants futin catalogue of bursa pasons ar thei ore of epee Hi ape frosch to felgon sy way of pyehaogy 280 Rit pte, so by Wey {Heaney or pilospty is dentone rele, sperstin, an ee re {eaten Hobbes apwoath to rein. ‘Toma srety plea zwpont Hobbes sw in eligons and churches the nowt eros Suge feel abndince at syn, and im the cot of {Scolar nd dane commences the mos regent pete of sem ad hilar Hets shee abou the orga of at Commands that lat divine feorenane, beeute tis cificu toranow mht a comsmaad cane om odor fro somecne who abuses Nie ume Tor pete ende Bw ifthe > Seaside coc ftncen car Ge eens he Stes the ubject may meter dea othe body fo cleteal moat fhe soul ohter adc to uljects to come mato thir conscience sake, sey nesoveregn i etamount i caslshing for ae people=the a of “imed obedience Not lesing ny dep sepa for tenon, Habe ‘es bebevers to rove thet th bytes wings to efor kn sp. ‘Soa atiuae, Mobos peered te “episcopacy” othe Angean sate cute Benue twa te lfical dre, and ke mat commis tha Chetan Kinga ot forthe oversngol Chris By comsas Pres terans and ‘alse enrom on cl sofort and enenurage me tetas at ‘her ows judge bad ta easy arid oe eo sry aa “lobes hese atta aesuecied asin the Roman Catholic Chrch ostesememberedand he memory emanated fa Eagan to ths ty egies eect cane oe Cera ‘ls of Pulinmeat ust before twas tobe opeced by King James wt he ‘ref towing up King. Lor, and Commons in ene steno, The lt ied, sod the censpuatote wee exceed, cluding the Provincial of ieao (reat Politeal Thinkers ei i adn 160 le Hodis sin Pio ous Coan SCRE Ete each ane ah cee sence ao ea erat Seer ci eae ae meee SSE ial edt Nec ttn hea Stee i Eevee iC wey nee SSCS re a See ee eae pate aaa ae taps cane va ple ah ye Saar whee deg aed os Sled is it rg of Chas tesa seen ere eee one ote nate sa ea ream ain ea SA tear ingen se tema tote See ee is een ees see eae Suaserame seman ye a, ar See rE aint eh eis eee Sem yt eg Sar exten Sap Ss tocar ne duets tea sos Sap inte crs eee fed elem ene SE er i ed oad es Financ eet Got iso vcectas ern et ee aes pa a toto oom at hr rete en grea eee eae et ety SQ Sears ed tera et econ eae eens amu arinte eos el Sele a Caat cede natoatiareane as ac pale wane armel ce hn cca vegies eel ra ea sce misses hema e ' ae ra Se aster ereccas “written, whereas the natural aw is unveritien. ‘Ths Hobbes sana to ep ace oes cons er fac ae See er ote et ee Hear Sesser ici a eee a meena (on Sot heal pe oe autos is pea oma ances Hobbes a {ated to his total ection of valves and viversly val etbiat dea Ac. rang To Hobtes, “pod” anderen teal akties o am obect oF ‘Son bat meray exresion of en avdaa sfecinpsabout he "Bu hat Soeveristhe object afsny maby appateo desi htt which he fr his par ‘Slsgond-and the abject of hishateand veson eran scone le ‘Sainconsaerale Forbes word of poad el nd conterpablearever ed ‘Station to the person tat tee thea thee Sing nothing simp) od ‘Browtay so; ner any common rls ofgondand ea tobetaken rom be tre the object themselves The erste theory of val ste modes pb ‘Sphea school of lapel poss cals thus detest statements of alae Sy hottie vlday rove steaing since sch aement—in the ee of oth Hotes tnd the Sota! pstvts--merely tlw someting abou he {Sines ofa pan mh espe some actos buy tang metal This geeil ecm by Hotibs of ay conept of wives valves can ao te sn nis ueanent ofthe problem ofthe vm of fovermment. Arse ‘hed a forme of porerement ito we baad groups and te banc rere Sih diigesuon was entrely ethical wheter poverameat operates in he {terse of the peop (monarchy, arsocar,comttatnal goverment or te runs (rao, obgarehy, dictatorship 6 the poor. Hobbes rcs is ‘heal sincton completly and holst pvecamenteca oly fer sto ther numerical composition thats government by ove (ene) Py ae tater te pole democracy ferma he sana). ape forms of government, bu simply indicate thats particular person “isihes™ tronacheal artertie or democratic oem w government Hotes eects ‘ere again, it aaa of atral wand he more pnerl problem of ‘alte pati van sguent and aide cond he ‘Shee so: based om ay toes psstion, bat sali on hs assert that mon: ‘hn ts rl, and wl elt Im moe peace aed seer for the Poole. ‘On the wnole, the pacts effect af Hobbes tas baen to sregthen the chcrine ofthe ahslge sate Yet the complet character of his teat has flared he poiteal tends and opponents Conservatives who belive im Tepitimate mopaechy critcae Hobbes fest for being ite intrested i he (Evin right a momar and in monary as moalasttton. Heder wa folly conceraed with the prague question of ee overated Tepitimacy id ot nteen hima alt Ths, when be turned Wo England a 851 hesent hi sbmsion to he Coun of tee. Thovsh be wars ifeloag soponer ofthe royal cag be was wilbng to submit to Coaeels tsw and order in Eapland In 168, Hobbes ousted of he nfhueace a he evita on “the minds of thousand gestlemea to conscientious bed face othe presen poverament fol Crome which otbervse would ave srosered in that pot” After King Charles Letured to Eagnd in 160 {nd te monary was restored, Hobs exlaned tht the "petimen” ad {ppeased Ceomel so asto pote the prope) abd luce fo ser .a8my (reat Paital Thinkers the Rig beter tater on. Tis may be realism, but it cannot appeal Ao 2 eerie whn bass loyalty on meal sentiment Moreover monarsste could never be satiie wih Hobe refecence fr monary ate eat frm of yvernmen. No theory of mote Can be nutred without some cemeat of maria to makes anthony seep ‘She Hebtes pefetence war entire devoid of mya is prac as sirian aod pragma The Hobbsan moat cannot hie beer: ‘ced he dat of eo idol bce mat Slner foate i ets eain ha eal fice Religiautcomsrvaties bate chirped Floobes with them because he ets he chara be eats ober sane ‘on that suboediats itt ie zante, ee uberdinates Boley 1 po ‘phy Tor aiag time, ata and agnosis were branded gs Hobs, Hoot mnn pgonents have bean tbe adherents of palamentr) set ‘pea and iad poner hecase ha doctrine as became dma a {lana he Enalshspeaking cust thaeas been no Hobie schol, Brish nd Ameren poll tought Ry contra, Hobbes tas mache et Facnced arcu couates wah trations of shai, Sepa geveramen| ‘Yeti eal Hobbes a sprtual ater of modern traltaraion Is ore uptnabe thin would ape rm a cursey ince a several Hey Pas the Eevathan Pa goverment setup searing to Hobbes by covenaat "tat ransers al power and autho to the sveregh Tis conactual ume {denon of goverment asalbees to moosrn oatarans who athe the Cractul theory of thesttebecaune conte npn tunity osome a nd ill more importa becase thee can eno cont witout cose. ‘Bisooray i goverment by comet. Scccnd, Hobbes anigns othe sates promi busines to loti oder and ssc forthe bnefit ofthe izes By conta the ai of he moder a ‘tran ate we tt igiiatine nani theo of punic pote tri dette, ot bythe Toning of ins fox happen Ga y 9 cletne Durpoe, rach theory ath mabe rein Na Gesmany heer of ae Roan emp in Frets ab, a te sump of the prota Sore ‘Rusia Race, Empte sn Cate tage oataran suitor Hae ‘rye ae The Sagoty, and “Commodi Ging “Ta, the Hou stats ahorteram, ot totataran. bow al tbsp or ea tle eas tha ch ad iy ne thus ks one ofthe mat characeists eres of the moderstlataran {HM equality foe tea, snd trating ons of persons! nsec. ‘thorn te Hbbcsan sie inconcentated the plac sper and itdlone The sovereign wil nceomally pert bs bet “te bees 19 {oduallandoserntefocontact whens tothe tochone tciown bade thar own dct. tt own tide of fe an nse thew den a themes se it and thee" The Hebbian be ieconom ase fare Fete exct oppose of in econome pannlog” Simian. the Hobbes freedom of tiagng up ones clsen i atnetial fo te cepmenting an {ing of eden aden trabarae Fourth, Hobbes holds tna te sotereon soem, whens modern ttlananinr ny nr alae ia tery Hobbes 05 Acted othe leadership pricite, Hobbes preteeed monarchy fr practical IGeders wth feed charismatic tnd prophet its The Hoban over {Ea sapreme adminisatar ond lgverbat not 4 spelbnde,propacan is or showman. ile ecarzes tt roof te to mn x (ether ng the danger of itevoal sede) that deve in to et ap state. Bul Shateterheapeasof war ti deGnane war, and there no ication of olan ernie a etn Caan hy con, tran ‘Geiuuhent orn of aoa! es coesnysise=—wni ejecting n teary, at ‘rewcer nations acepied te Ineiabiity of war between ley 2 he Tilda ofthe bourses by violent means uh th otutaran sate etited on over ns wel ene conformity, in fat ieonadered dat tare angeous ther cane By contra he Het) ‘rsegn desires merely forpurpoe of aalnig te peaceeuteraoyo nya he subjects tothe ne Tae abet fe oun to ey Ue at “aot {ound bce and human governors an ake no ate ose and ‘Merit coptatons” Wha Habbeisconeeredsbot acl peas no Trath, ‘hese toatarans lina te wil to dey tan othe Sake of pe ‘Eting Tat ache has o be mace, rventh, and fray, he Hobbesig Sate does yt completly swallow the indie tmancwtno iy doen tight feng thea thas Mm Spores tomheavay hive Since the perp ec sacety the preset ‘ebsan tet of avs he, Hotes Foie te aleaie rh he un ress ben hs We int Sake, became any nae SONS he lac vik whlch is Ganger f deat resting thee tam he {Ponte wich ie certain and prea deth in ot esting * Fo Ten tie Fiseautonsry uultction emed unimportant peor be sancti a tonite ana pin at eae, was every acopidBut whee, in Weld ‘rit tions of people mere murdered in ps chambers and eancetrton Sensi pence of aerate poy, the Hotesan eso he ‘Gnigeaily ot hema ie the edule mnie ofthe sas purpose “he ac tat Hotes was cot —ineletallyoremotonally—of the total tart cat should pot rete ne smpeaton thle was demain spas Hes not The Hoticn sate find te eatin in nether the moet ‘dentai state oor te ftaariay diatorship ofthe fst commas ‘and te oust, pleat Hobinan i foe found sn counties tat tesa ncal aed econtnecontns ama ose of evetenth century Ergin “some nations in Lata Amence and Ara. Dicatrsps in Latin ‘meri inte algeterth aod Pent ceatures clslyappeoumted the ‘okey stat aniety sal ina precaptit ora eaten expat $5 ean rma ual, ch cote wih eg ae eizcrship was authoritarian, ot totalitarian. tn altura, religious, educa ‘Sonal oc ad cto ifr k wat een very Tele Compared with Sr'adwaneed democracy the Hobbeson state may eppent Gh enouph“06 Geet Poet Thinkers Caer with weet ceity tara, vio rfid "The Hobbesian tury of poids ress aly on hypothesis slay, combi, competitive act af an-—tat sons al eth sai {Shee tow bees who ads Heo assy svgery nthe Metbobae sate ature sould suenly diggin te eadentreawoning and cooperative fot {at go ime making of he Soe sonst ces th soveeen A gow that Kaan ie osteo lie extort wel fey the tate of sts a) ‘aoa perhaps be be os tt contacts thereunto) rater thn Society ts product of contrat. Ye tes difieaizes rex noon Vana ‘btoneal a,b on diferent nterpeatios of man nate. ob ce Hobbes clot suupptonea¢too pessimistic nd ecm one wil Dena acept ott esti he pea eas Served orm then “Theta of Hobbes pesholoial tenets wl usar te tele bythe face of ntl fe rater a Oy Dilosopical arguments Inthe ea of doe ‘mete oll ganization, the ste of ature wit Borers snd fa rma isppeared nthe re of itraatioa eltions Hobbes he) IGS, independent sovereign sateslivein the st of nature “aetn contr Un esousey an the ate and posture of patina ang tse weapone ‘oiling andes ees ae or one satiate rs eran and uns upon the fries oft angloms and consinal spies upon ir feiehbors which na store of wat But eau the Uphold tery the Industry their ijt, hee docs no alow fo hat mney we ‘companies the bet ef patclar nen” As ong the sovecia aes {he word contin to xsi the state of matures comdioon of Sth tery. the Hobbeaian ew of man wl conus i be tre ofthe beta Hobbes buevaton hate fear of ath ian imgotant mative in creating «Socal ener profound, Inthe forty five Jeary fer Weld War I relive ‘al ofthe ar wai ook on ew meaning i he Moma If busy ‘anno ind is purpore othe port mote pstv goa, then pera (St chines af val muy bein the ee mad Hobeesian mote. HOBBES Leviathan * as hat made men e9 eqn in he [tie of the Sly ea mia at Sin re be ined eon tae, fat'in few ing, ar Sg bt ate See ser ayn tem ‘Rematch ppv Fhe ‘iran tt Nose ey “Saeco ty eco fotion: tat bY fore, of kn, (0 Tara iStee ne ate owe pet‘rts theese neta te i Sie et FF an aor one the seco fo sae: a the thd tor Se tine wren he wil coated by Saad aaa Ian eye top a0 he nat at Sheen So Ford we poconmhaes Vat 2 Say a a sett ie a i quae oven dee aa 4 either eee aoe ENecES Sp oti ey Shcae mere erred "Dot though tere had ever been any sesh el Sate eae tisy af ther Kingdom, 208) continual Seeceeenae reg erga cas Sie the ccompanie the uberty of eet "Tats war of every ma against every SS tes SS aTSES oy ‘el t,t pee [ese te css he Sanat ely tate be oy as Ss een ayo ee THE SOCIAL. CONTRACT Thi of tr, ich re a {Scie sy ante ary a att ‘oa hn, Sener Spot's man i forbliden o doamy be fe err Foe Soe they {sh le nh owe yong ied sca, tee Sn eee Cae ie ei a a re Senet igh sey na wet Sct aot at eps econ oe erat pace frre hog of eta sham wotentolcend ene eo Tart ype ‘and defence yi a ad ‘iw hms Far 0 ong ety a SS teen Sg aye Hobbes Sade Sie cae colada ores tng Eacecsewes Bete Sc icthoy omar Seca eens Beas Seas. oer berise els SS ees Shed rae “rates Sn ts SSS ea ied cee erie tee ea Se td ndlned or one, AH» es Peoria ped Rig she tar caress Say Sera roan Seana ye as tone, torts Soup vole Part ‘Sette any ett or i obs aupatnces tw ty tch ny ae Condemned every ‘nan “eae ws tise Tor ‘itagy Sven, peso to be cre scene te fer wheber he eter im yo erat ey eveee ee Se he ‘ehenaiag he nese we Coch Sen), Wika i no Powe ane ot x mt ene foro cy 7 mS lt oi ‘Stow ef ner, te 1 se Injwion of one soother, and there. ‘Shc in sich ra ht ye Sea St ye le 2 Syrs0sppat Gre man, or amenBty 8 frotbes SStiot pce aoe to ees {he ede fo gan SE ney an hi nd ar {Wich we owe ide minora Ga, tte td tere For hs a Spe ey el, ‘Sheeley sar tt Ss a Me, Sea hn erp, bey rem bye seh he om es es ovata rosetta rotted by RIGHTS OF THE SOVEREIGN ‘Sale hen byte mae prt he Tae {neil eta Sted fr Ee fat sted a tall ore ae ‘te ee oun ec . seg ea a hea niin eye ate! [ive aeady naive como ty oe yc Iya es tery ie Gos ey 1 tons ts ay ong ma ening, tyne shee "een the scrtntaes titer ale Si cmiees Shes ped sind moe rae ore aeenree SSaremuereincs oarpenoe of thee a ree ea Saae wceee arenes aes eee ene Sri asayatodo ak of Fo sey by yo pecan oe te avoched bythe al pe Eases a eo © fevenes an sen, were! ty se omen a Serpe by ie re For ihe mur W'S tne a soed thse, oat Hobtes ry et as ie by Se by iy fs rr Se thon te act ut by Bi sets of Seqiensiy he hat sree of ry Seo Soe cmp {ore ought ot 0 sceae ty mat ft Eat cone ‘ther be htt eee ht Sima deme a pram See ce a me. sig tb ag wat pan an Lviatar ionatnad ort rere of eno co ok Sacaiee: Peer (Noto detine a ye ‘ios Of opinont aed! doerine a ar ey pn eh ‘och ety ma tno at hee ie a ete dec eg ot as {als anon ath cos of In thogh ts une of ee a ei ac Yt wn uscraton eat peng lon of we a oes) Thee the ihr wich make te tt loin och he vr tal Kt ade ot oma46 Syria “ie contin to fever be without soe snconmly ot Sp bet te etvenn of rer Sa wt seen he Nose Sse mem Gast tbiough which Evry Be payment oe mr a ore bs sy ‘oer ssa oy rch nay the sort pom eer Stee ft ts, ad erty to do the sien Sanat inser abet. or ho ‘Gra, becouse the Fgh © 0 what be Sree eee Ra a, "sic Belge he Ant) Rave {mete sane mar, phe ocr Sess sae er go ‘adel the basen i yt at ee eee ae Seana bbe ae Riss fF See ae the ete rig eae ese See gn ot ane no ncrity, Sv fa ted he eee pe Rote wer ed shat ce [Sy tat reece shal alge moe inp Sor pu rodsore a ham ‘Siig wt met me ita oh ao he Ect! by he shy arson ani commannees Fatt hee fro dee Thea, Reig Seen ei er rpc? th,» ate oe Hobbes Saher chee! faites Petree meh condone til, woun ie ss ae ‘oth ta ht sy “Te ston of ajc tthe sr AND NATURAT- LAW Si pvered by. that, Tein th iets toe toy a ‘thor saint gn of the wil take ea enn of andad Leviathan an 20 os SASS uE ccs Giclee Tia mateo | oetemerciomatg iid Seeder see SS te; py Porm Si ae mee De eon oo hom me nie eet ta 2 eS rmceay Sine toe 0a ine tan any oe ‘Sed sey ho fe by of mo ao te Fee hc am eStats ot he det fw Gortwtee natal tery af paces Soving the wal toe ao ee Scr om Noe ing i atm wt iw aa op yh ep TE eee to ass “e's ef wre co bw ee eee Se easier Uorgemmm at commerce ie rn ec Tiecter ee apit me, NN NES Shy e sy och te Farber mirezeheh ee, gripes se cgmed antigen Seay near Uy eo fe ee eT asl at cn ca ey cure gf cpp at te hi Te crmorweah ouy prc tol apn ot a oes ba a esti Sat, Sd ie et et ween Tora Rae yaaa i iioc a eng ede ee ei ae cna ae es a ne avr and erlre oC Om wet era arfeer| ectoaeniete er ast cmees enero Steep nwo ome ET ence a me me ee Ingres a nm soa poe Secon me amt 7S CM teeny, FS anne, Ween eae Cres deere Sad cou eens} SRE rg cs ht Tee maim mecremeni erm, | Siti acerca: Sudenatinon ttl te noaaye Sori aie Gert tain Me Wins See BOCA Eeyuceetacat tay mete peer ieee Meanchey tiga Sik ea aaDe tae of mate oe ote Set ine ei ge ‘ure tha acon by anda of a Soca at deca Tan Tan ane os os ne ‘inadom, "eon ‘cen, See of te ‘common ‘tr neces ‘Te sc ser to enoey deat 16 Hobbes ‘bay, supported seaimet Hemey the Soe Siucker oh coments Gh sel Pop f name, i oer lint ced te ‘si creat Ta soape. under Mars te Su se Gibev eee! UES ia evan a atv 8th hase a! man er lia ee a Seay opt i pd noe es 2 ‘iar ayeak to ae wbth aces ea ike men ha tt sua asd se Mat Bos ‘een of are, ‘ith of the Toveeign Evy mah. bas lovey Sat se shea oe ‘il have ou rg Se eta Xe he prone of meas tole tet toe Sense fo et posh att a ee Hobbes ote She oats tine nee Soe “upon the leeilaive power, - CHAPTER EIGHTEEN LOCKE ‘evolutionary Puritanism ed Eoglnd gai 1660 but wat anabl to establish {elfpermncnly. Cromwell hein 1638, ap tee than two ees Cos ‘ess rested the throne, Aer cv ar snd dictatorship tert to mona ‘hy seemed the best prospect of peace. In bringing Chis Il Back clear ‘Siotaon between zat andpaianedtary sun warmade Iwas oped ‘Mata pret! cqulibriam cotld be obained witout formal contra ‘Sic King woul oi ths ata gorerment oh ces ‘Sch ant had exereaed nthe jars 1682-160, the period of cin ware ies ke te wacom, Br enn dete ent i ef the bof falnced constituitn. Hs feign lasted fom T6@D-1685, during ‘Sch yoe be increasing antapniaed is sects on he tw bey Sues af ‘ign and Paamest.‘cryptoatholi, he sought fo arenaten he taf {Seta tliyan aay etrpe ote mayror nb rolag wi ‘hein cetebyRstrotes,Jmes who war nnen Cattle tate by perguine and fore and be eta sobveed te ab thonty of Partament eter by exempting individuals rom the nw o by 5 Peawung las altopstherHe rppoitee and dsmisies jude artardy abd taps sancing sry to buts is atouac. By idee erp ‘ith Roman Catholcsm he outraged not nl his sob religion aba ber? Hex thet very patria, Fete apd Sain wee Enlace nponats inthe stage Bese roma tht be tke Chore and many oluiciany was secretly ree ‘money fom Cora XIV of France, In 1688, Whig snd Tory leaders ted Fonce Willa of Orange to come to Exeland ane ceiver it fom Romani sedans, Willan arcve in Eglnd a November nd tee was reat ‘ent. church, and army, and on December 22,1688, steatny sale for France, never ro retro, Royal absolutism fo England was ded,6 2 Polite Tse ce Wit sumone Conran une” that ti ana 1685 "Hictin Damen esi acne Tans Wace ncatmerl he Consent the on ein hoa {etrwen Rig sd pele soe wee onan a SELES elt ad iss poe and oe spe ‘ides sed tre Puan es eres Pace Wanton SMES tess im rd Gurr apa nce Goon semen Uhhemstir tert cbeanse tne e mes ane Se SISTA SPR lin rc contre Cron WHS Th Bio Rs eins lof he ies at ea ot teres the power to dispeote with sod sunpend le, and to exec ows Stor cmt ase Tease ect ie -Ohe ona Ic Rel of fe who ita beseno, tng urnene e Tehama orth oft lotsa ection ocean Seapine tioned Boreal ngeriepanshetancho wy ftecufpers et ‘ecm of ames ee Rissa eg ico "anh ied een th Bi on acca pon wo pote: be Roma Cuba rdgss eared ‘Roman Catholic may aber or bo the throne, The wok ofthe Goro Re. SER OnRIGR lectin at dyed Sa ey {Salt ny ar be vnc ye ny wo eae aoe ‘Sood fle wh negra the lw cota tote one ‘Sing te anetece tre mae ferent be eras ‘ivf besa of bt eres amen. The olin oe mance et tiresos aha inrlpaptaanen aa ase ‘one patlguned Pecan tence abn wads ean Speer DIR cpattne gees Bid om pie oa iA Gad wlio cued font et ny 2. Peseenee ieee entered it trang pel pwc one py tact mene teveteen porto wiout ne hoods Reet of oh Aha ieee UESnEhetinrbitan grensastae coy al tthe ‘henna caged Reger oi peel ‘iment vte wa estan oa sour Fr se ‘tn Paramen, tbe wenn vrson ote Retr Acc 10 _and both go back to 1688-1689. Revalurion by consent sowads like a contradic- TEU tie atoms oS eed base ena pe ‘Sef ane pleads cane not one Late (Rose-t70d) apetfealy in is Pin Tran of Goverment (20) {Sek ws ton ot ml clas Puan fi ie ater ha ug me SSRSISSEEE SG crane pr He ment Our 0 ache ar sad stayed on after praduation ae. ste student and ur His connction ‘rehibe university ated un 684, when be was deprived of is appara {er pottcl reson is intrest ure fat coneeutated on Pico tien on Scien and he Deane «flow ofthe Royal Socey, Eopens es ‘une socety, shar fers leorporation, Locke alo ted an, gu teaty occasions practiced mecie In 106 met Thames Syeany, the SEding Enelsh medical figure in oth clinical work ape reser Tae tre ren became ie lorgcloereads, and Locke wotked with Sydcniamy oh scl practice pain hs researeh, Seaham beeved that medical expe, "eace waste oly "true teacher" apd there no dt tha Spocaheas ‘eial viva, ten eonaly rejected by the te conserve Ceabiah ‘eat a the regal pofecion, infuebeed and eiveed Lackey esta ‘Sse toward experience a the sure of butted Locke's wide of medicine ed io chance mocing ith Lord Ashe ie uct: Lard Aaya the leader ofthe Whig purty ad ome ofthe eee (ours in puniclfe Locke, who ved the atesmen sey sake th became tached igi caeeran hows othe er item yes le ‘Sas hon im poltscal and commercial afar and eed tn aoe op Fare Costas of Carta (1669) of wc calony Land ASbey ‘Sone ofthe launders and che owners The Castnasnstton guarentee ‘Rit toleration ur acceptee Negro avers ars form seh pope). te (Tt Low Athcy was ise tothe perae at Fatt of Sattar). sod sry refer he was appoete ord High Chancellor sf Faas. Le floes fSsfehory ito th governmet and tained his poston uo 1673, hea Sanabur eli digace. “Locke then went to France, where he spent four years soy in Montpelier andar Onhsreturato Engand in (61 he found pela ater powseg ‘Staieshry ecue the pinipal lade of te oppostuon sent te cour, si be was finaly fred ta fice to Holand, where ne died 1003 Eee icsame yer Locke hms fara foc hese Empand ed we Halen ‘rere he tayed unl ery ip 1689. He let Holand Be sme beta ‘Sted rinse Mary of Orange to Engin Locke kl Helland was ot free om baresment and sce yet, pealways looted back am iwi nostalgia He was capuated ty the spa ok ‘edo nd matlines he saa Hells, an he ered the ona) eat ak Sevome the ects of pltiat nd religious fees rom all Europe oeding Ue Besoh se Locke’ bealism was rm inte undareri before he ‘foot on Duch sl but hi experience here sowed Him ta irae ot ‘spon an politics could work, nd reafrced hs eter mination help ad Ela ofthe iiberal government of Cares i, an-aterte dspaie hcurotsm of James I The fsa Lock' our Letters Concerning Toler "on was composed a ist pushed i Holland, dz ort of Locks {he pilosopical wor, the Essay Concerning ffumam Understanding the foundation of motcrn empicsm, was sof putised there ‘Onis ial England the new powemaea feed tote on abassador hpin Vienacr Beri, but ashe eter to remain ia Ensan accepted ‘nea an apagtment ar Cimioner peas whee i Oeyon Great Pais! Thnk 2 eo Como oe is me ‘leita aha tre Se ened onal aes eRe RP Ct ited a ig leet asdf Ste lexan ‘of publicatica, the book was actually on salen October 1689, since publ: ihe tthe seine gestae Lad dom eit ef oo i ay cle i lea Spine eiyetramey asia anes Siu ret tartan ease hace naruto Locke oy ‘gh ech indivi dong ages orbs preservalon sd enhncement ‘power By eer, Locke's conception fran isthe ste fate sot totes dent om man in ganze oct Locke cnwot conse st ian bigs veg opr witha some sor a andere, a the Ste of nature isthe wo mau tat rule he state of nt ae aw ‘Etstreo gover which oie ry one; apd emon, wih tt oy, {cls mankind who wil ut const ta ble eualane indepen Simones rm ahi at ry pomete™ "jw of ature ute etrument fren, define at igi and ona ion ofthe aw err he cresuion oie penalty tte te [ature “puting every man's bade wberay every On hat go pnisy ‘great lu osha des rey nde tevin Lone portal oes that wtbat ere agency ofeaorceet fare con be bs Erin mr had parsers em ip eats easton hv Lake Sree ate of ate sil eis sit did te Locke ge two aes. F i the Sa ioe comm te Body of ie orally pon Toe ese fo the een of arigremion, the inured party (rhs fey) par Siethem cor puiser horas para om hae i ine ‘Ried vet, wo lay the aban does not comet eurer nthe ees ine patvecoemanly, bet recsubiaies thereby the enty of the le JESU wtorized agent ee law to dle aot the un teease et thee are no thraparty jes nd spelled Inwefocemcat sp fd Second the sate of aster sl cums between scaled advanced tne To beer, tere fa body af law iteroational tat ining and ‘copied as anh ye, when a vata of ieroaonal a cus re i itereauonal juicatarcaodcolorcemeatagincy. tc jued sate Sutborced opus the tanaressor Sach pelo fers are tC ‘ered conttary to ternational aw but afe renee sete in Delo fo Sete and ecasene oi of hese ote hos cient in hs impart pit Fest ii pot sticnty ear ill men were gui by pure tate they ‘onal naw at nae Sed he nts an stake EEvtnpersoal Sake i pats Men wo udp hero con ete arnt tobe card aay by pan an revenge. ‘Thid athe sat of nats the ihe pry i mos tvay stone cnogh o ese te Jat selene of he ine “Ts sands ntwiteng the pigeon ate being in anil een we tty remain fare quchy en Sorety Tne purpone oft cova contract sto els pated lod thie att he Gnesi af he ate of ature wl be epaced bye Pediat) af known lave sod part estations Swim group men quely form sce) beta the advantages ofthe sate of naar temo them to te utwghed bys Goadvanage Aer sexy inst up by contract govern senate, aot by scope Bt Bya/iducary ran Teegasare the vpreme poet hc a bet [ir parla theencative, must be srdite Yet the legit thlyreatvelysuveme sone rane evernmen ABO fhe lear