ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT

"GENERAL EDUCATION DISCIPLINES"

SUBJECT
“Module Social and Political Knowledge”
“Sociology”

EXAM ESSAY

“Forms of Government”

Prepared by:
1st year student of the specialty
"Accounting and finance"
Zhakupova D.D.

Reviewed by:
Doctor of historical sciences,
Professor,
Asylbekova Zh.M.-A

Almaty
2021
 A government is a system of order for a nation or State. It is a very important
and complicated structure of tools and relations between people. This essay will
describe the forms of government and the differences between them. It will cover
three main Forms of Government: Fascism, Monarchy and Democracy. It is
important to understand the concept of government branches or separation of
power. There are three main government branches: legislative, executive and
judicial. This concept makes government work efficient and stable. But, the
absence of power separation will lead to an end of this government. Different
forms of government have the same power separation. However, different forms
have different relationships between these power branches. In some forms of
government one branch is more powerful than another. Nevertheless, democratic
states try to make separation of power equal.
First of all, in human history main form of government was a monarchy.
Monarchy is a form of government where the state is ruled by one person
monarch. A monarch usually rules their whole life or until overthrown. Monarchy
has two main types. The first is Absolute Monarchy. The second is Constitutional
Monarchy. These types have a big difference. An absolute monarch has the full
power of rule and holds all three power branches. This monarch creates his own
laws, judges by his or her own opinion and rules the executive branch of power as
a leader of a state. Life in such a monarchy was based on feudalism and royalty to
the monarch. As history shows Absolute monarchy is not efficient. Also, with
development of new technologies and society made monarchy disappear in many
countries. It was not efficient and not everyone in such states where truly free.
However, Constitutional monarchy is different. Monarch has very limited power
and usually rules as a symbol of the nation but not as a ruler. An example of this
type of monarchy in Great Britain.
The second form of government is fascism. This form was created by Benito
Mussolini in the first half of the twenty’s century. Fascism is a form of
government where far-right or radical right ideas takes place. This Form is ruled
by one leader and his or her close associates. Usually, this form is ruled by one
authoritarian party. All three branches of power are given to one party only. No
democratic processes happen in such a state. Personal rights are limited. This
state is based on militarism. Such government suppresses freedom of speech and
other rights. It is very violent and has aggressive internal and external affairs.
Examples of such forms of government are Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. In Nazi
Germany, only one party ruled the whole country and social relations was based
on loyalty to the party and regime. Population in such a government lives in
constant fear. History shows that this form of government is not right and should
not exist. About common characteristics of fascist movements. There has been
goodish disagreement among historians associated political scientists concerning
the character of political theory. Some scholars, for example, regard it as a
socially radical movement with ideologic ties to the Jacobins of the French
Revolution, whereas others see it as an extreme sort of ideology galvanized by a
19th-century backlash against the ideals of the Enlightenment. Some realize
fascism deeply irrational, whereas others are impressed with the rationality with
that it served the fabric interests of its supporters. Similarly, some decide to
justify fascist demonologies because the expression of without reasoning
misdirected anger and frustration, whereas others emphasize the rational ways
within which these demonologies were wont to uphold skilled or category
advantages.
The third form of government is democracy. Democracy is a form of
government where people participate in processes of ruling and policymaking.
The Source of power is the local population. All three branches of power are
separated and work efficiently. The main tool of democracy is elections. Citizens
elect their president and ruling parties. Ruling authorities usually listen to their
voters and do their best to satisfy them. Otherwise, voters will choose a different
candidate next time. Most of the democratic states have all human rights and
social life is liberal. Now about democracy in founding documents of the United
States. In 1945, a few of the UN Member States did now no longer advise
democracy as a system, or didn’t exercise it. Yet, the outlet phrases of the
Charter, “We the Peoples”, replicate the essential precept of democracy - that the
need of the humans is the supply of legitimacy of sovereign states and, therefore,
of the United Nations as a whole. The UN does now no longer recommend for a
selected version of presidency however promotes democratic governance as a
hard and fast of values and ideas that have to be accompanied for extra
participation, equality, protection and human development. Democracy offers an
surroundings that respects human rights and essential freedoms, and wherein the
freely expressed will of humans is exercised. People have a say in choices and may
preserve decision-makers to account. Women and guys have identical rights and
absolutely everyone are loose from discrimination. Despite the United Nations,
Winston Churchill had some opinion and he once said: “democracy is the worst
form of government – except for all the others that have been tried”. Nowadays
almost all countries in the world have a democratic form of government.
Democracy and human rights are connected. The values of freedom, admire for
human rights and the precept of protecting periodic and authentic elections
through common suffrage are crucial factors of democracy. In turn, democracy
affords an surroundings for the safety and powerful consciousness of human
rights. For numerous years, the UN General Assembly and the previous
Commission on Human Rights are used to attract on worldwide human rights
devices to sell a not unusual place expertise of the standards and values of
democracy. As a result, in 2000, the Commission advocated a chain of legislative,
institutional and realistic measures to consolidate democracy. Moreover, in 2002,
the Commission declared the subsequent as crucial factors of democracy: the
holding of periodic free and fair elections by universal suffrage and by secret
ballot as the expression of the will of the people; Respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms; freedom of expression and opinion; access to power and its
exercise in accordance with the rule of law; the separation of powers and so on . The
united nations Democracy Fund, is also known as UNDEF, funds comes that
empower civil society, promote human rights, and encourage the participation of
all teams in democratic processes. Currently, for example, UNDEF finances
projects to mobilize the youth for elections in shelter d'Ivoire, to interact men in
promoting gender equality in Palestine, and to create a platform for national
support in elections in Brazil. Most of UNDEF funds attend native civil society
organizations in countries in each the transition and consolidation phases of
democratisation. Since its introduction in 2005, UNDEF has supported greater
than 800 tasks in greater than a hundred thirty countries, with a complete
quantity of just about 210 million greenbacks. Applicants can request a supply
among 100,000 US greenbacks and 300,000 US greenbacks. The Fund relies upon
totally on voluntary contributions from Member States. So far, it's been
supported via way of means of over forty Governments. The largest donors are
the US and India. External critiques of finished tasks are to be had at the UNDEF
website.
One more form, which I want to add is communism. Communism is a
centralized shape of presidency led via way of means of an unmarried birthday
celebration this is frequently authoritarian in its rule. Inspired via way of means of
German logician Karl Marx, communist states update non-public assets and a
profit-primarily based totally financial system with public possession and
communal manipulate of monetary production, consisting of labor, capital items,
and herbal resources. Citizens are a part of a classless society that distributes
items and offerings as needed. Example from real life, The Soviet Union was a one-
party, communist state in Northern Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. Most modern
communist states embrace Marxism-Leninism, a communist ideology based on Marx
and Russian revolutionary and politician Vladimir Lenin's doctrines. Countries that
retain single-party, Marxist-Leninist rulership include Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, and the
People's Republic of China.
To conclusion, Governments are necessary because they maintain law and order.
Laws are necessary for society to function. Life in a society without laws would be
unsafe and unpredictable. We can mention, that in our world all things are
necessary and we can not live without them. After some experiences, people in
government start understand how it works and what to do. Without government,
our world would be in chaos.

References:
https://thebestschools.org/magazine/common-forms-of-government-study-
starters/
https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/democracy
https://www.britannica.com/topic/fascism/Common-characteristics-of-fascist-
movements
https://www.britannica.com/topic/communism