Toyota:

 Toyota, a Japanese automotive manufacturer established in the year 1937.

 Kiichiro Toyoda, president of the Toyota Motor Company.
 Today Toyota has more than 160 countries worldwide car sales.

Evolution:
 The demand for automobiles in Japan expanded quickly after the 1923 earthquake
(Fujimoto, 1999).
 American cars and trucks dominated the Japanese market between 1925 and 1935.
(Fujimoto, 1999).
 The Japanese government launched a protectionist policy called the Automobile
Manufacturing Enterprise Law (Fujimoto, 1999).
 Toyoda developed the idea of automation from the auto-activated looms at Toyoda Saki
chi’s textile plant (Ohno, 2019)
 In May 1935, Kiichiro Toyoda completed the first prototype of the A1 model passenger
sedan by combining elements of the Chevrolet engine with the Ford chassis (Fujimoto,
1999).
 Toyoda’s assembly plant in Aichi city was completed in 1936 (Fujimoto, 1999).
 Toyota company continued to learn the Fordism techniques which were related to
scientific management (Fujimoto, 1999).

Technology:
 Technology is a branch of knowledge or a study of techniques with the application of
science. (Arthur, 2009).
1) Technological innovation is the driving force for the development of new vehicles (Jian-
hua Liu, 2017).

2) Toyota uses the principles of scientific management while manufacturing automobiles

(Kaushik, 2021).
3) The Toyota Production System (TPS) is based on the "Just-in-Time" concept and
Automation with a human touch concept. (Corporation, 2019).
4) Just-in-time means that the right parts reach the assembly line when needed and only in
the amount needed. (Ohno, 2019).
5) Automation with a human touch prevents the production of defective products and
eliminates overproduction (Ohno, 2019).
6) Toyota has developed its own innovative automotive assembly technology and systems
which are now copied throughout the world (Monden, 1983).
7) Toyota considers Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles as a core technology that includes the use of
biofuels and electricity (Shinji Aso, 2007).
 8) Toyota Sienna and Prius 2010 models included crash avoidance technologies like Toyota
Pre-Collision System, Dynamic Radar Cruise Control, and Lane assist. (Angela H.
Eichelberger, 2015).

9) Pre-Collision System: 40% of owners reported that they had received a collision
warning, and 20% thought that automatic braking helped prevent a crash.
10) Dynamic Radar Cruise Control: 62% reported that they received the warning, and 11%
percent of drivers waited for the warning before braking as they approached another
vehicle.
11) Lane Assist: 75% percent reported that the system had never failed to warn, and 34%
thought that it prevented them from running off the road.

Crash Avoidance Technologies Received Warning Signal Saved from crashing

Pre-Collision System 40% 20%
Dynamic Radar Cruise Control 62% -
Lane Assist 75% 4%

12) The result of the Toyota Motors, USA survey on 2010 Prius or Sienna models for the
study advanced technology package (Angela H. Eichelberger, 2015).

13) Toyota’s motor vehicle production reached roughly 8.16 million units in the fiscal year
that ended March 31, 2022 (Carlier, 2022).

14) Toyota Motor Corporation has crossed 5 million units for the cumulative global sales of
its hybrid vehicles (Shinde, 2013).

Motivation
 Motivation is a process that explains the intensity, individuality, direction, and
persistence of efforts toward achieving goals (Stephen P. Robbins, 2009).
 According to Maslow, Motivation is the driving force that causes humans to do
something or try to fulfill their needs (Marlinah, 2020)
 According to Maslow, if basic needs are met, a person will automatically try to meet the
next need (Benedictus Kristo Wijayanto, 2021).
 Humans are motivated by a hierarchy of needs (McLeod, 2018).
 A motivated workforce is the key to organizational success (Crumpton, 2013)
 Motivation is the biggest factor affecting employees’ performance at Toyota (Marlinah,
2020).
 At Toyota, monetary compensation takes three forms: regular pay, bonus pay, and special
monetary awards (Besser, 1995).
  The employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks (Marlinah, 2020).
 Toyota emphasizes viable training and promotion opportunities (Besser, 1995).
 The company has a history of no layoffs during the downturn or recessions (Besser,
1995).
 Feeling of accomplishment and Employee recognition through praise and positive
feedback (Besser, 1995).

 “If I don’t do my job properly, the next person on the line is going to know about it and
they’re going to tell me about it. For that reason, I want to do my job better. I want to do
a good job” (Besser, 1995).
 “One production team member said, ‘I feel like I am important to them. I am important to
them” (Besser, 1995).

Conclusion:

 Toyota Way’ is an ideology or philosophy for remodeling human beings and spreading
throughout the world (Saruta, 2006).
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