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    Untitled

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    Kacem bn

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    sc ‘ayjalaiall Unit1: Art shows & holidays : Grammar Tenses: Present simple Form: Singular Subject + Verb+ $ > Pliral Subject + Verb “Negative Form; singular subjectrdoesnitidees notesyerb finsnitive) *Plurat Supject# don tido not + verb (iniinitive) it@xpresses.” general truth Mabits | * Traditions “Automatic results *Habilual action in general and Adverbs of frequency: sometimes /usually/alwaysiofien Every day/month/week/year EX. She lives in London and works as a teacher. Simple past Form: singular/plural Subject verb + ed Negative Form: Subject +didn't/did nat +verb (infinitive) Don’t forget to revise youritegular verbs Yesterday he previous days/, Ins date in the past(inZ004) /Two years 200 number +manths/years a0. Last year /month/week EX: They travelled a fot last year, The present perfec: Form: singular subject + has +past participle (regular verb +ed) Plural subject +have + past participle Negative Form: singular subject + hasnt nas not +past participle Plural subject +haven Vhave not + past participle since +point of time for+ period of time recently/aiready/ lately throughout the last decade Justnever fever /yet my lifelong EX: We have never dreamt of visiting the space. ‘Since his childhood, he has planned to follow his father's steps to be an astronaut The Past perfect: Form: ‘Subject +had + past participle Negative Form: subject +hadn t /had not +past participle Before another past action After a past action 3 type of the conditional: EX:Had he worked hard, he wouldn't have failed. EX:if he had worked hard, he wouldn't have failed. The Futur Form: subject +will +verti(intinttve) Sibjct +be going to +V6rb (infinitive) Negative Form: subject +won t /wil.not verbs(intnitive) Later /soon Next week ear /month Insfoate in the future, J hope +subject (in,2050) ned EX: I feat wil be a very successful person. Models *canimust should /nad better +bare infinitive > She must respect er parent ‘Needn't ould / + bare infinitive > They needn't switch off their woul computer “Have tofought to + bare infinitive Compound Adjective. creer) cen) eee eit TEHESSASETe reat Eee acl si eee eee ng erence Beene) ablue-eyed girl Ertan Reon cic comparative *Short adjective +er-+than EX: He is taller than his brother" More or less-iong “adjective + than EX’A plane ticket is more expensive than a train one Irreaular Adjective Adjective Comparative ‘Superiative Good, Better The best Bag ‘worse The worst much Tore The most Many, Tore The more Tittle Tess The [east Tar Fartherfurther Superlative “The +Short adjective test EX: The sun is the hottest place ever . “The mostileast +long adjective EX: The most comfortable place for everyone is his country . Negative Prefixes + unforgettable * uncertain = Gislike disadvantageous Addition “Both sD sssosss You'll find information which is both useful and important. ‘You'll find information which is not only useful but also important. ‘but also. 5 not only broadens our sphere of knowledge but also provides us with new acquaintances. ‘abroad both broadens our sphere of knowledge and provides us with new acquaintances. nit 1: Art shi Holidayin: To travel (v) : go on a journey - a travel (n) :the activity of travelling -travel agent Travel agency: a traveler: a passenger To tour (v) Tour (n ona trip / on holidays Disease eS from one : ler a jisease) fluence = pact :He Tes aren (n) = Tenderness © Barely =Rarely = Scarcely(negative adv) Take Care (of/about) =Care for = Look after Person: Carer Illiteracy (n: inability to read and write) Literacy Weal ‘ing hard to decrease the percentage of illiteracy in our cl A ose ity eee disabled (adj) :paralyzedy:\ dois, 2 ) Ae acai eas pdrgzior Xas : 36 x Disobedient (Adj) ! Obedient (Adj)----- Obedience (n) Obey (v) & Repay Give Money Back Enrolment (n) Enrol (v) Register (v) Buffet = Have a party Ys surgery Operation : To get something to higher position ™N ——>To Raise To Bring up (v) Up bringing(n, To educate (v) Education (n) ngina(n) Rear Mono = one Bi = two Multi = many Talented (adj)= brilliant — gifted Look for = Seek = search for --- a research (n) Tourist Resorts: Bungalows / Hotels / Separate Houses Formal Language: + Wearehonored... -Wekindly... -You can... Se : shows---- to perform /to show Ik: To make a reservation Free: At no cost a7 Mystery: unknown © Well- t-o do: well off — Rich-wealthy tpoor= wretched To emerge: to appear # to disappear =vanish = fade out The annals: to be initiator Former = last To initiate sth: to be the first or the starter Melody — Tune =Music sehen hit=A successful song ° a star or at a high position . Weary, i rivals place / destiny =fa' QL Mmmoreal ity = Ever-lasting OF N 95, 2A. One of the pet st of Celine Dion is Imm« in which she a, tried to achieve her ternal journey in the minds of her fans. Ss Mortal 1 Immortal = Eternal (adj) Wit (n)= having a strong favorable effect (witty (adj)) Shot = a scene or photography Adept = be skilful at something talented /Gifted The Bard = Shakespeare Awhile = A short period of time Happen = take place/occur I. Vocabul: y ‘To accommodate Accommodation ‘To announce Announcement Bed & Breakfast Half board Pall board 8, To book = to reserve = to pay in advance 9. Bookisi(n) 10.Brochuref-Leaflet 11.Ad/ advertisement 12.To advertise 13 Busing’s class ticket 14.Business trip 15,Campsite 16.Check in desk 17.Country cottage 18.Crew 19.Cruise (v! n) 20,Historical ‘monuments 21.Statue 22.Castle (palace 23Mandscape ! Seenery, 24. Natural views 28.Curreney 26.Cut-price ticket 27-Delay 28.To depart! Departure (n) / Departure lounge 29.Destination 30.Domestic flight 31-Double’single room, 32luggage’bageage First-class ticket 34.To fly’ Flight (n) Guest house 10.improbable ILineredible 12.Marvellous 13.miraculous 14.ratiting 15.remarkable 16.spectacular 17.splendid 18.startling 19.stunning 36-Hand luggage 37. Hiking/trekking 38 Holidaymaker 39 Hostel ation officer 41 Journey 42.Leisure 43.Means of transport 44 Package four/holiday 45.Passenger 46 Public:transport 47 Regularicharter flight 48 Runway 49.Schedule 50.Seaside village 51.Ski resort 52.Special offer 53.Timetable 54.To change money 125, Prec = at no cost 126. interactive 127. to perform 128. performance (n) 129. refreshments 130. renown = fame 131. well-known “famous 132. afhipelago 133¢border! frontier 134, e6fistituent 135. cosmopolitan 136. year round 137. residence 138. mortal (adj) 139. mortality (n) 140. immortal (adj) 141. immortality (n) 142, memory 143. art shows 144, drama / dramatist 145. 3D cinema 146, Play! playwright 20,terrific 21 tremendous 2.unbelievable 28.undreamt of 24.wonderfl 25.wondrous Negative Adjectives for Holidaying 1. Abhorrent 2. Abominable 147. novel/ novelist 148, pocm/ poetry! poet 149, sculpture 130. paintings 151. festival 63. To go camping 64, To go for a walk 65. To go hiking 66, To goon holiday 67. Togo sightseeing 68 Toland 69. Toent hire 70. Totake off 71. ‘Tétake photos 72. Tour (nv) 73, ‘Tourism 74, Tourist 75. Tourist office 76. Tourist resort 77, ‘Travel agency 78. Travel agent 79, Traveller 80, ‘Trip 81. Voyage 82, seaside 83, country walk 84, safari 85, ant gallery 86. billionaire 87, millionaite 88. a couple of 89. face-off 90. foothold 91, well-to-do 92. a deal 93. emerging 94, spaceport 95. space tourism 55.40 compete 56. competition (n) 57.Rivalry (n) 3. Atrocious 4. Awful 5. Despicable 6. Detestable 7. Dirty 8. Dreadful 9. Execrable 10 Filthy 11. Hateful 12, Loathsome 96. Rival = competitor adversary 97. annal 98. orbit / orbital 99. suborbital 100.to launch 101 spaceship ~rocket shuttle = spacecraft 102.mystery 103.mysterious (adj) 104.edge 105couter space 106.to explore 107. Exploration (n) 108.to discover 109.discovery (n) 110. astronauts: 111 isk (n) risky (adi) 8 112.danger(n) 113.dangeroustadj) 114-hazardin) 115. hazardous(adj) 116.adventure(n’ v) 117 adventurous (adj) 118.challenge 119.exorbitant Pobitive Adjectives for Holidaying 1, Amazing/astottishin astounding awe-inspiring Awesome Breath-taking, dumbfounding extraordinary fabulous! Fantastic Grand howling wReN een 13. Lousy 14 Mean 15 Nasty 16 Odious 17 Painful 18. Repugnant 19, Terrible 20, Unspeakable 21.Vile IL. ere eee eee 3. MAIN TOPICS Benefits of travelling: Fun : “A holiday gives one a chance to look backward and forward.” May Sarton To provide some excitement and an escape from the hum drum of ‘ordinary’ life To break the ordinary daily routine To get rid of stress due to studies and work To have fun through different activities To recharge your battefiga, Knowledge “he wotld is a book and those who do not travel read only a page.” To attend art shows (give examples Fe¥tivals, art gall #88) museums...) ‘To broaden your horizons. To see the world beyond yout four comers. To exparignice new aiiltures and lifestyles. To mieet interesting and like-minded people. Package Tour (pros & cons) Pros Cons © Guide explains everything © Only visit most popular sights © Transport laid on © Compulsory "shopping stops" # Baggage looked after # May dislike travelling companions * No language problems # Someone else's timetable, no * Seva lot ina short time flexibility ¢ Meals at tourist-oriented restaurants Individual Tour (pros & cons) Pros ‘Cons Choose what you Want to see Neel to reseatch beforehand b. Goat your own pace Public transport system not always easy to understand ¢. Flexible schedule according to Neeil to book own hotels personal preferences No help at hand if you get into difficulties 4 a Recommending about a holiday (a letter): Accommodation : spacious room! with a picturesque view! calm and s inity of the place’ full options : air- conditioning! internet connection / spa/ gym b. e Food : lus ‘The residence (hotel, house...) is two-minute walk to the beach’ the city centre not far/ transport available (as jous & van as expected! taste the spicy food advertised) 4. e 5 a Staff’ guide! room maid : friendly , helpful Enjoyed the scheduled programme (visits’ sightseeing/ festivals’ excursions! cruise) Complaining about a holiday (a letter): Accommodation : dirty room/ no view! noise! couldn't slecp/no air-conditioning! no internet connection (as promised) b. Food : disgusting/ rotten/filthy __not luscious as expected - had to eat out and pay extra money/ son got sick ducto rotten food __doctor © / no transport 4. e ‘The residence (hotel, house...) is far away from the beach’ thecity centre __had to walk in the blistering heat ailable (as advertised) Staff’ guide! room maid : not friendly , not helpful_always shouting I’m looking forward to receiving a convenient compensation; otherwise I shall feel free to take the matter to the court. ‘ 6. Space tourism : positive aspects a. Personal experience ‘+ Satisfying the human desire of adventure ‘* Challenge and making the impossibilities possible. + Livea rare expericnee of weightlessness 'b. Good for humanity’ part of scientific research ‘+ Resolving mysteries that surround the outer space Discovering an all-new world ‘+ Exploring space and discovering the yet undiscovered facts abautlSpiice ‘© finding new minerals, new precious materials ‘+ Finding neW human-like species in the outer space 7. Space'tourism ; négative aspects a. Datigerous “risk of death’! flying in the outer space is still not safe b. Costly expensive: only the well-to-do can enjoy such an experience’ the poor at deprived of the dreai, ©. Unftirs the rich are splurging a billions of dollars to satisfy their silly personal whims while millions of children in poor countries are starving to death IIL. Proverbs on holidaying “A holiday gives one a chance to Took backward and forward.” May Sarton - f1 were a medical man, I should prescribe a holiday to any patient who considered his work important.” Russell 3. “He that travels far knows much” 4. “He who does not travel does not know the value of men.” 5. “The world is a book and those who do not travel read only a page.” IV. SAMPLE ESSAYS 1 Beniéfits of travelling ‘No one can denyjthatytravellingyis very important in our life to see the world And differetit cultites. It lets us Rxperience life in exciting different ways. To-start with, travelling gives us the opportunity to disconnect {fox our tegular Tife. We riced to-forgét “our problems for a few weeks. Another Gfeat benefit is the relaxation we néed to recharge our “batteries"- It's a-very good stress remover Add to this, travelling increases our knowledge and widens our perspective. To view new customs, different ways of living is fantastic for the mind. It gives us a new perspective about life and especially our life, it can help us change some of our habits or even create new ones. Last but not least, when travelling with friends or family it creates memories for a lifetime. These memories will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens with the friendship 2 Holidaying - A Letter of Complaint ‘Dear Sir’ Madam, ve just come back from the most horrible 7-day vacation I’ve ever spent in my whole life at your miserable hotel. i was extremely dissatisfied at all levels. To start with, the room was not at all as we had been promised. It was not only dirty and untidy but also lacked any natural view. Worse, we couldn’t even enjoy sleeping for the whole stay due to the unbearable noise coming from the main street. Add to this, though we had been assured that food would be varied and luscious, it was honestly inedible. Once, wo were served such a disgusting dinner that my son got terribly sick and I had to take him to the doctor, costing me dearly. Last but not least, the advertised schedule of our vacation in your brochure was a big lie. On the one side, we were offered a very old coach that broke down more than once making us wait for repairing in the blistering heat of summer and you may imagine what happened to our skin. On the other side, the guide was a real jerk who did nothing for us but asking for tips. Thope you agree that our vacation did not reach our expectations at all. I, hereby, look forward to receiving a convenient compensation; otherwise I'll feel free to take the case to the court With Regards, ; 3 Holidaying - A Letter of recommendation Dear Tom, T heard you were planning to go on holiday but still hesitating about your destination, I’ve just come back from the best 7-day vacation I've ever spent in my whole life (at hotel in place). It was really awesome!!! First of all, as soon as we arrived we had an amazing feeling of being so weleomed by our hosts. Everything was perfect. The room had a great big window view to the sea, The food was luscious and varied. Their cuisine is the place where you can taste all the goodness that nature has to offer. Besides, the personnel were great, and everyone was so helpfill and friendly! They make you feel so at home and nothing is too much trouble for thentjWe Wer® offered the belt Guality, of services either inside the room, at the restaurant or even by the péolside. Most fascinating of all was theliWesome entertainment. Staying there gave us the Opportunity to explore and become familiar with the natives and feel $0 Welcomed! We mainly enjoyed the eruise to the nearby islands where the seghery was magnificent! We t6ok great picture’ and we were so exeited thaws want to g6 backnext year and take both our ehildrel and a fewoth&Tamily members. (Name of plac) is definitcly a paradise and it makes everything so accommodating!! I would! eainestly recommetid this (hotel! agency/ place) if you are eager to spend a memorable holiday. ‘Yours Sincerely, Jen 4 Benefits of Space Tourism No one can deny that travelling to space is very important in our life to see the outer world. It lets us experience life in exciting different ways. To start with, pace tourism satisfies the human desire of adventure, There are many brave people who wish to take risks in life. They love accepting challenges, and they love making the impossiilities possible. Add to this, this type of travelling will surely offer us great fun and excitement through experiencing the weightlessness and seeing the planet from miles above. [E48 but not least, space toufism.may help us discover the undiscovered facts about sacdland resolve mysteries ‘that surround the outer space: Itmay bring about a dramatic change to our liv. 5 Blemishes of Space Tourism: No one can deny that travelling to space is very important in our life to see the outer world. It lets us experience life in exciting different ways. Yet, it has never been blemishless. To start with, space tourism is still dangerous and space tourists risk their Ti in an unfriendly environment. Add to this, this type of travelling is still costly. Therefore, only the well-to-do can enjoy the beauty of this trip However, millions of ordinary people would be deprived of such fun. Last but not least, it’s really unfair to spend millions of dollars on silly adventures; while millions of poor dents ‘They might face deadly a children around the world are starving to death and suffering from illiteracy, ignorance and deadly discases. 1. Generating Ideas 2. Organizing Ideas 3. Editing Ge FER izing rn? by a travel agent to convince people 1. Using attractive, colourful and amazing photos 2. Numerous leaflets 3. Using arguments/Details Ringing words “the best, the most...ever, It's a life time trip...” LDEN p DEN p Qawali Pe ot MOAT 9 2eq The importance of rein ae "6 More than anything else, travelling is so important for us because of its advantages. First of all, travelling is a great spring (=source) of pleasure, relaxation, rest, and forgetting a whole year of stress. Beside all that, while we're travelling, we're nourishing our knowledge and our culture because journeys make us capable to learn more about one country’s traditions, culture, and habits, Margaret Mead said “As the traveler who has once been from home is wiser than he who has never left his own doorstep, so a knowledge of one other culture should sharpen our ability to scrutinize more steadily, wu In nei Br a |, to 5a like what Mark ail ~ fromthe safe 7a ob Qn: harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.” © In addition, travelling allows us to clear our minds and change our ideas about one’s nation or anything else; Mark Twain also said, “Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and N rete, DEN In the end, trav the unique way to i278 and a O50 the same time. Ss (By Hamza Amdouni) @ Essaye2: Invitation to a guided tour in Ariana We're honored to welcome you to our town Ariana ; Like every spring, we're celebrating the ceremony of flowers. That's why; | invite you to discover this ceremony with pleasure. You'll find a variety of flowers with their wonderful smells, I'm sure you'll love it. Moreover, you're going to discover some of our traditions such as “harkous”, “bkhour” etc... and of course you can buy some ‘souvenirs. 7 Epo sh aq 9 a ‘we will enjoy the afternoon in the north ie r in nature and spend the evening holding the nature and drinking a runic cup of tea. | hope you will enjoy the program of this day and especially you'll love what you're going to discover. (By Sarah Ben Jeddi ) EN ot BEN 2B DEN O94 1952, ot 8 Key oes Qe! 9040 IE+ NEGATIVE VERB ‘UNLESS+ POSITIVE VERB Upless welidlp prorebilirenitieF@anthiavea good futire Tf we lon’sfelp poorchilren, they can'thave a goo future Afthey don eget an education, they will not live a decent fe Unless they get an education, ey will not Bow a cent bf TOO/SO + ADJECTIVE + TO SUCH + NOUN PHRASE + THAT “They are too poor to send theirefildren ta soiool ‘They are such poor families that they can not send their children to school iu are too Busy to finish all the things you planned ta. It's such a late time tat we can'tgo to te cinema. Adjective +preposition's. on] m | About [trom | For [or] wih | To] at] oy Proud/ concious aware / independent Ashamed / jealous / made/ deprived Good [bad skied * Interested / successful / engaged x | Dependent / based 7 Keen / Imposed x Responsible sorry / qualified x Used accustomed / similar/ eager? ¥ likely /addicted findebted fable Pleased /angiy asappointed x feompared ffamiliar bored Free /aitferent x ‘Appointed fwritten z Little dictionary { sever fees{ ues } { «bes {sow } { ame Jos { sion } {ose J me {osm | { tons Jose wet ff forme} foe | ie stn Fl te J ame] (cl | Sco fee {seria} em { tw} custo =| ons | to ot} mat } =| af oes] { seats} { toa} a5 Ne | statue } | impsinant es { andcop | [ma | oe Teme} =| Em | Tel inapts ceowventional | 3 | traditional {snc fal io Jy miele t — Education is no more_restricted to childral ‘schools for old people as well as for ‘sr eae AY "To boost= to make Better 1y= to refuse “Nutritious nowrisiing, healtfy emonity= avery important thing Provide- offer give Nownsied= fod ‘The wouleh= the fortune ‘Toattend~ to 40 t0/ to pasent Dataip) = informailiting) Fund monty ftiae! Gy omenicationsito Bel neefy people A ap eety icin nbs Anentie= a hole ‘Exahiston tha forcig ont someone or yr * siapby— mere *Consequent6y= therefore “Limited = confined “Fall groveth and development maturity ‘To fag on ~ to connect To enroll = to register (Enrolment (n)) = (Registration(n)) Virtual school >e learving > om bine learving Peer finrgal [distance leaming Panic— extreme fir ‘allving= frighten or ur. weaker person Appeat-connect Geom puter stew ‘Textingeoriting om the computer Bustlemcrowd of people moving in a usy way Boost = to increase the strength asic Ruoweledge of arithmetic or mathematics in ‘genera ‘Stramning: the practice of placing pupils in groups acconting to it Rerupjence: rising or strengthening ‘Tackle to undertake o dea with something that reqites effort. Allocte: to give someting to or set sorting aside for person or purpose -Virtual schooling is a practical solution to bullied and home-tutored children. Primary school pupils are assessed every term in their 0 and |er2ey skills ‘eno stranger to | tie fawibiar with ‘biographer Someone who venites a biography “The deaf the dumb | People who are unable 10 speaR.or hear impediment Obstacle, barier misfortune Lack of buck, ‘Bfelong ‘Etch permanent workdwide ‘Used all over the world. cusobiographer —_|jSmconerho writes about himself _elocution: the art of speaking eel and cLeaibivvithcorreh Lecture: am educational speech on a subjtet mde before audience ‘Stammer speak cit Gesitations ancl repetitions Sébanse of @ “speech condition or a strong emotion. Adept ~ shillfat Impressive= causing adiwiration ancl respect. Being aiep!, impressive and self-reliant is required to succeed in a job interview. Noun Works Food @rogram United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund ‘United Nations Efucational Scientific and Cubtural arganizacion GibiPedacing and Exporting Countries United Nations Organization World Healile Organization Noun (state Hood or age) Examples: Child + hood=childhood ‘the period of infancy. Adulthood Brother + hood = brotherhood :the state of being a brother 1. VOCABULARY 1. Schooling, 2, attend attendance . Enrol (Br)! enroll (Am) 4, Register= enroll at school university’ college Enrolment enrollment 5. access to 6. Scholarship! School fegs#School report! schoo! term 7. Semesterftrimester 8, Tifetable 966 mastefPoctorates 1W:nonséredit, 11. to pure (continu) 10-2 eraduite’ Graduation 12, degree 13, bachelor 14.To sit for an exam to take an exam / diploma 15.to pass an exam / to succeed (success / successful! successfully 16.5 to fail(v) /Failurefa) 17-Post graduate 18. Tutoring- teaching Instruction! Training! AO "eandidate! National eXamsleain ine 20/assfgriments / homework, 21.Prige award 22.Bally / Bullied(adj) bullyingn) 2B.Eye-to-eye = face- to-face contact 24.Multiply(x) / Subtract (-) Divide ()/ Add (4) Tackle / Handle deal with solve 25.Hard work + laziness Numeracy Sélteracy skills Ability 26-abble! bility/ unable inability Aisabled’ disability’ Capabilities Ziolow Ahigh achiever. 28,SKilI= gift=talent(a) skilled ialented~ gifted 29. chievement= accomplishment (¥) achieve= accomplish = fulfill 30. Advancement / Genius Impediment 3 Limprove 32.intelligence= cleverness stupidity 33.competence 34.Philanthropy Philanthropist! Activism /actvist / altruism laltruist zegoism legoist donation ‘charity 35.fund-taising / benevolence Voluntarism volunteer / volunteerism / endowment 36.Merely= barely= roughly 37. Motivation 38. devotion / solidarity humanitarian / generosity helpless 39,lliteracy+ Literacy (n) (adi) literato=educated ¢ illiterate 40.Poor (poverty) /~ badly off f rich — wwealthy= well off / wealth AL Luck(n) (adi) lucky= fortunate 42. funlucky = unfortunate 48.Development/improvement 44, wealth Pe fare 45.Q@)pDrop Out of;school= leave = quit hoo! (rp) dropsut= schoo! leaver 46, Desi Deprive 2Provide/ Provision ‘47.1 boost ~ to increase, MY) ecrease (vin)= eine (drop 48.needy = pook 49,nourishing / Nutritious 50. Virtual Learning! Online learning distance leaming= virtual school Distance learning / electronic learning, 5L.updated 52.Flexibility '53.Chance = oceusion= opportunity 54.contribution 55.Exchange (win) 56.Experience(y/n) $7.Ltck of shoPlage offfthort of 58 Lifelong ledtning '59.Punishment jrewatd Memory IL, MAIN TOPICS 1. Importance of Education/ learning / lifelong learning (benefits) “to scok knowledge from the cradle to the grave" a. Vocational purposes : to enrol and attend school - to study diffrent subjects - to pass exams - to get degree - to have necessary qualifications - to get a white-collar, prestigious, well-paying job - to get promoted at work b, Non-vocational contribute to the progress of one’s communit every fourteen months.” Anthony J. D'Angelo 2. IIliteracy/ out-of school children/ drop outs (solutions) a. Parents’ responsi school/ support them / encourage them with studies b, Community/ orgs to learn - to get knowledge - to combat illiteracy and ignorance - to be a good citizen - to - to cope with the change ‘Never stop learning: knowledge doubles ities : to be conscious of the importance of education’ to enrol and keep their children at izations! governments : provide the basic needs of schooling! provide tools and equipments at schools! take care of poor children and provide them with basic life necessities (food, clothes & shelter) ©. Rich countries : assume their responsibilities towards poor countries! help & donate / provide the necessary tools and expertise to boost the educational level Cae (pros) = ‘* Easy! flexible’ convenient : leamers feel five to study whenever & wherever they like, no more obligation of attendance or travelling! options are varied ‘* Cheap : just a pe and internet connection’ less expenses for transportation, books... © Information : available, varied, up-to-date, easy access to get ‘* Coping with globalization process : the world is becor no more restricted behind walls, g a small village where the notions of time & space are 4. Virtual school (cons) ‘* Not practical’ harder : needs co¥ily equipinents (software & \hadware) not attainable for the poor’ requires highly-skilled expertise (computer savvy people) ‘+ Lack of motivation to learn Mabsence of compatitiveness/ lazy students are nfore likelto fail © Antispedagogiesinecessity of face-to-face interaction’ the role OF theteacher is minimized * Anti-soéial : communication, friendship, community life _ more aloofiness 5. Ability;Grouping Students are assigned to classes based on their measured ability or their achievements. PROS ‘CONS © Students are not forced to rush oF wait + Students May Get “Stuck” Ia Group (nerdy vs © batter achievement dumb)’ snob ‘selecting suitable material, approach, assignment. ‘© superiority vs inferiority © high achievers excel, progress faster, build self excuse to bullying / teasing esteem, avoid boredom, compete more ‘+ lose self-esteem fel stigmatised © low achievers provided with more individual ‘© additional work for teachers attention, repetition and review I. PROVERBS & SAYINGS ON EDUCATION ‘The Toots of educationare bitter! but the fut is sweet. Aristotle Only the educated are free’ Epictetus Never stop learning; knowledge doubles every fourteen months. Anithony J. D'Angelo 4. "We now accept the fact that learning is a lifelong process of keeping abreast of change. And the mosf pressing task is to teach people how to learn.” ee I. Suggested Essavs 1. Out-of school children / School Drop-outs (solutions) Dropping out of school is a setious problem in the world, especially in poor and developing countries. Each year, in Morocco alone, nearly 200,000 children leave school before completing their primary education. So, undoubtedly, some measures to reduce the number of students who withdraw from school must be urgently offered. Researchers and government officials largely attribute the phenomenon to the ignorance of poor parents who do not realise the importance of education. Some parents, for example, withdraw their children from school due to the competing demands for household income which often push children to work. Drop-out rates are higher among children of illiterate parents. These rates can be reduced if we sensitize parents about the importance of sending their children to school. ‘Teachers and headmasters are also responsible for implementing this plan. They have to assume their responsibilities to adapt the school systems so as to raise students” awareness to the negative consequences of dropping out To see the issue from another broader angle, it’s highly recommended that we do our best to solve the reasons behind this phenomenon, Citizens, charities and governments should all collaborate to provide poor families with the basic life necessities such as food, clothing and shelter in order to ensure that children would not be forced to quit school. ; ae who wants to drop out of school === Yes, I do agree with you that school can be sometimes hard. It’s a lot of work, and there are lots of rules that you may not like, But understand this - THE MORE YOU LEARN, THE MORE YOU EARN. Education is your key to financial security, and dropping out of school now will affect you for the rest of your Tife, It is a really bad idea, if things are bad at school because you are being harassed or bullied try changing schools rather than quitting. Besides, Drop outs have a harder time getting good, secure, decent paying jobs because more and more jobs require a minimum o f high school graduation. Not to forget, too, that dropping out gives you a lot of free time, even if you get a full time job, you are morellikely tBebinlt© alself destructive rut including drugs or alcohol, Think again my friend, Dropping out is:not cool, it does; not make you a touglilguy, nor does it mean you are grown up or mofé mature - in fact it makes. you theexact opposite of all these things..And)while you're at it, think about goinigito college, People who have gone td college, Even just fOrifwo years, have more joblopportunities and make’morestioney thanhigh school graduates, So, are you,still thinking of dropping out? Think again — dropping out is not a very good option, Talk With. your parents, teachers, friends, or anyone else you trust to help you make a good decision. "Do what you need to do and get the help you need to finish high school. Remember, the more you learn the more you earrit 3, Illiteracy / Solutions Illiteracy is a worldwide problem nowadays. It is everywhere, in both children and in adults. To overcome illiteracy, we have to approach the problem on different levels. We should start from the basic unit of society - the home. One of the best solutions to solving the stubborn problem of literacy is to teach parents to read, so that they can in turn teach th educated first, each generation will be able to read and write, since mothers are the first educators of children. The women will teach their children, both male and female, who will in tum teach their children, Besides, parents should be ittentive t9'the ledming needs of their children. It is not enough that our children. go fo school; we must support their ediicational development in every possible way. children. If the adult women are Governments in developing coutries, too, have to fully assume theif responsibilities to combat ‘literacy as well as other social hardships such as poverty, child labour and juvenile delinquency. Schools, books anid simple learning equipments should be provided everywhere in a nation. Free education has to be supported especially in distant poor areas. In other words, deprived families and regions should be offered equal leaming chances and opportunities. ‘Most important of all, rich and developing countries as well as international organizations like UNESCO, UNICEF and The World Bank are tasked to boost literacy in the developing world through low-interest loans, charity funds and mainly by sharing their espertise to develop education levels all over the world. 4. A speech of Philanthropy at school Distinguished guests! Ladies and gentlemen! It is my honour to be invited as a speaker in a charity event at this respectful school. It is a great pleasure for me to be here today. I would like to scize the opportunity to congratulate us on launching this outstanding fundraising campaign in which many people are involved. (Our donations in this year have amounted to 50, 000 dollars - the sum that will be endowed to poor families of our dear schoolmates. The money will be donated for medical care, education expenses, and indispensable life amenities. Our goal is to decrease the level of poverty. To achieve this noble goal, we have organized this Open Day. Iam honoured to thank all sponsors, organizations and private persons, who care for our needy siblings. Basar once said: “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the aaa know that some students arc in a desperate economic condition. One can hardly imagine that all this may be possible in the first decade of the 21st century. We are living in the world that needs great changes. We are responsible for the future of the world as well. Our charity organization has been constantly working on fundraising. Our mutual efforts, our support - Together, we will fulfil our duty of cherishing every human life. In closing. I wish to thank all of you, our sponsors and donors, for your donations. Let's go on building the bonds of friendship and goodness through cooperation and mutual respect ‘Thank you all for being with us, joining us, and supporting us. ‘Thank you all! 5, Virtual Leatning /Pros ‘Nowadays, if more than evident that'virtual learning if/incteasiigly becoming one of the most crucial debated controVersial issues that maY/fpositively transform the educational system all OVEPthe world for Several reasons. First of all, aitual Gourse is as close as a computer with an Internet conniéétion Hence))stucents can take-online courses whénever they need them, not based on some college’s annual or semester schedule" aiid, with no set Glass times, studenis themselves decide when to complete their assignments and readings, They personally set the pace. Added to this, prices are often cheaper for online courses than traditional college and tradé course?) with no housing or meals plans to worry about. Moreover, Students don’t feel the necessity to travel or movelfar away from home for learning. Last but not least, virtual school reinforces reading skills and offers up-to-date references and books. It may also provide audio-visual caring aids such as clips, lectures, pictures and exam research papers. I personally think that virtual learning can prepare students for real professional career via training courses on the net in world that is becoming more and more digital and globalized. 6-\Virtual learning / Cons Nowadays, if niore than evident/that virtual learning is increasingly bécOming oae of the most citicial debated Controversial issues that may positively transform the educational sySteih all over the world. Yat, this-sySta still hides its own blemishes. First of all, if applicable a virtual course requires high budgets for computer, software programs, and the Internet connection, Such a fact may deprive poor families and even countries of the right of new educational tools which would be restricted and monopolized by the most industrialized nations. Moreover, at times virtual students may experience feelings of isolation or a sense of detachment from the real school due to the lack of face-to-face interaction — especially in self-paced courses — or difficulty in developing relationships with classmates. To cap it all, students will be required to be able to work unsupervised and they will have to problem solve solutions independently. So, unless they are self-motivated and disciplined to progress through their programme in a timely manner, success will be highly farfetched Generally speaking, virtual learning as a new and innovated method of schooling surely imports its benefits; but it wouldn't reach its pragmatic and realistic features overnight. GEssayt: Lifelong learning: Lifelong learning isthe concept that’ its never too late ot too soon for leaning” its om EN = os eS u ings accomplished through distant leaming, e-earning, continuing education, home schooling or correspondence course, It also includes postgraduate program for those who want to improve their qualification Its used by organizations to ‘promote more dynamic employees, In later le, especially in reticement, continued learning takes diverse forms, crossing traditional academic bounds and including recreational activites @ ssa ‘The role of Education: fun an aocalbefisot nt wan eve CE N oot AGEs + mesma nag O94 1 98a, tone ogg pose ni pea ss vem ra tw cc Se Wren wth some formal ecucaton are more ikely to delay marrage and chsh, In {act they ensure that their children are immunized, be beter informed about their own and their chicren'snutiton requirements. As a result, their chidren have higher survival fates and tend tobe heather and better nourished. © Essaya: Evearning “Online learning, learning far away trom school, holds an incredible amount of promises. Learning on your ov time, rom your oun time end at your wm pace. It gives you the ‘exiblty andthe freedom to take your classes whenever end wherever you ike.” ‘To what extent do you agree with this point of view? Do you think thet on-line learning is a good alternative to tractional learning? Sx. tt is undeniable that e-learning has become an altemative tothe traitionel way ot learning. Indeed, it holés an incredible amount of promises to tferent pupils in various stuations. Personally, | do believe ints eticlency and practealty due to various reasons. Virtual schoots do not only give you the feibilty cag the freedom to take your classes ‘whenever and wherever youwart bi elearning at pursuit ae studies 2s well as the bet far ‘oad, | also think that cyber-leaming is attractive and captivating 8 tne new generations, The use of computer skils in their studies encourages them to improve their abilities in ferent subjects Allin all, | cannot deny the drawbacks of e-learning including health effects such as bbackaches, shortsighted eyes and obesiy, I should say that elearning is more ficient when we use it wisely and prudently Lifelong learning isthe concept that” its never too late ot too soon for leaning”. Its ‘elated to people's attitudes that one can and should be open to new ideas, skils of eBEN p Nectar amyl nN 8 goneeapens seo aL as schoo! and higher education Lifelong learning i accomplished through distant learning, e-learning, continuing education, home schooling or correspondence course. talso includes postgraduate rogram for those who want to mpreve their quaication It's used by oxganzations to promote more dynamis employees. In later ie, especialy in retizement continued learning takes diverse forms, crossing tractional academic bounds and including recreational activites reative, Inventive Minds ra. Used to = would Past habit something that was ‘rue but no longer “aged tocwmropeket cy ddlgalaaas Speafereased to Seacinemain the town but woken call oe ian on a © Steed ofa rif er but she's ol ult to hota werk BUONO T sake us fbi ol at off. + ei re 0 ghar Cn BEUSED TO DO = ACCUSTOMED TO. to say that something 260 hfe tv England forocera yearso bets se noni mot ema Gcvoeipoing on the eft now edgy ve alu masad to Bvingon my own. ee done MY suitea long ine aywlbvedin ot countries so they arentusad tothe coltweather here so that / So .. that so that Action Uestayed out all wight 0 tak we cou wtf a meteor storm. he 6g some 6cnkets 22 hak we could keep warm So... that {We se 30... tha o plaprapass on te the cause. Use an adverb Staective aftr so Conse iffct ‘We stayed cut so long (adi) ‘Hak we were cobb and radi the momting ‘he starts were se fright(ad) that we were acd. leases that to introduce a chase indicating a purpose. So hats often used ith can or cout (In ners abe seal for perpoce) The Subjunctive tocmphasive urgency orimportance ‘Examples: fat ewanatate be thor? > IMPINTDN (witout) Don recommended that you join te committe. Vers ollwed by te Subpnctoe ‘Eaqrsion Followed by the Subfunctive toads (ies) 1 best at) oank (tia) 1 racial ts) totant (ies) 114 essen (at) to mages (tt) 11 omportan (a) souge (as) 114 commanded) terecomment (tht) sei ipeaic (oho) reative, Inventive iS ‘oca Human Brain fis = ways of achieving something te expense of = with damage to cognition = public praise and reward ‘mention something as a reason Fs.0. accountable for sthg CONSMEP fie is responsible nificant = important ‘ued = considered important A plan = a scheme or method ofracting Io Carry out = complete = accomplish To Imagine = to form a mentalimage To simulate = to create a modelof Fancy = imagination or fantasy To conceive = to form Inventors cooperate through centuries, as the 21* century inventor relies on the imagination and hard work of the previous inventors, ier 6 mednsof, trough Release = launclh Delay = put off until later Giant = very large ‘Envision = imagine a future situation Initial: fitst haps, probably Dedicate = devote ‘Ken kutaragé The inventor of Play Station Paying no attention = regardless Features = characteristics Being sure about one’s ability = confidence Gift = talent ‘Fields = domains = branches There are many beneficial creations in the last two centuries: TV, computer and the printer © ‘The creation of the modem PC lasted for more than two centuries, How familiar are you with internet terms? 1 Que ood. OT a, ‘Emoticon “A publ aie to cone an emotion. a amily Ss FAQS ‘Frequenthy asked question Fiypertext “Text in which Bak are inserted to allow the reader to read'ina non-Facar way Icr Information and Communication Technolgies ‘Netiquette ‘A set of conventions for polite Behaviour onthe Internet onal Avie which provides a gateway’ into a ange of WRb senices WelE awn portal tes ‘include Yahoo! Aa ‘Vista! ‘Searchengine | A program witch allows ser to sarc for pecfic information Spanning ‘Send the same emai to multiple fists usually to advertise a product or service, which is against netiquette = GEN VETS EA financial aif given 9 ‘earning acquired by seady: the acadonks achievements of a = emeinstnmenre & O89419549, LDEN eB < c oO. Pe aR. LVOCABULARY 1, Create 37.console 69.fieldsCheating 2. Creation 38.monitor 70.Disintegration 3. Creative VIDEO GAME! TL Violence 4. Creativity 39-Health 72Delinqueney 5. Creator problems: 73.Smoking 6, creature 40.poor eyesight 74.aleohol 7. Invent AL. back ache 75.Educational 8, Invention 42.neckache difficulties: 9, Inventor 43.obesity 16.poor restilts 10.inventive 44. Social hardshiy T7-dropping out 11Bless 45 Addiction 78 truancy 12.curs 46. Aloofiness * 7.bullying 13. Beneficial 47.Developing 80 lack of discipline 14¢harmfil countries 81.Loss of 15. Benefit 48. Skills concentration 16 Profit 49 Expatriates 82 Failure 17. Advantage 50. trends 83.maybe 18.Harm 51.Shortage 84.Via’ through 19.disadvantages 52.gather 85.Release 20.Drawback 53.pace 86.delay = put off = 21. inconveniences S4.expertise postpone 22.Internet 55.expert 87.giant 23.Web 56.key positions 88.cnvision 24.PC 57.contentious issue 89. initial 25.Be connected to 58. in search of 90, Musie players: 26, Attachment 59 Incentive MP3 27.Browser 60.Supply 91 Prize winners 28.Download 61. Inspiration 92.pay tribute to 29,Emoticon Smiley 62. Devise 93, commitment 30:Hypertest 63, Fabricate 94, in recognition of SLICT: 64. Desien 95, Achieventents 32.Netiduette 65,Frame 96.10 awand 33.Portal 66. Project 97.honouring 34.search engine 67.éarry out an 98. paths 35.spam experiment 99, at the expense of 36.Play station 68.dedication 100. to cite IL MAIN TOPICS 1. Technology (pros & cons) 101. tohold 102. Have the eredit for doing 103. To value 104. Brain Drain: 105. Immigrate 106. Emigrate 107. Migrate 108. Exodus 109. Developed countries 110, simulate MIL. Scheme 112, visualize 113. faney 114, conceive 115, flexibility 116. consumption 117. interactivity 118, analytical ability 119. adaptability 120. cognitive skills 121. pationce 122. neglect studies 124, perfecting 125. distinctions 126. ingredient 127. to found (founded) 128. entrepreneur 129. a will 130,ocour 131. enable 132. magnify 133, patent a. Means of transport : (¢.g car, plane, rocket) faster / easier’ time-saving) more comfortable’ ability to explore distant areas and the outer space # deadly accidents, health problems, lack of sport, obesity, pollution... b, Means of communi problems, information is no more credible, ¢. Means of entertai addiction - health problems/ educational difficulties! social hardships. 2._Playing electronic games jon : (e.g mobile phone, internet, satellites) easier, cheaper, more practical + health ant: (eg electronic games) fun, pastime, safe, develop mental skill, educative games + realize that they are learning! increases attention span PROS CONS * Increased visual acuity. ‘© become completely addicted © A great social activity. + not to go to work (or school), * Can teach people more about life. ‘* not to eat properly’ not to exercise enough. + Games can help improve problem solving and logic skills. | violence./ copying violent video game crimes To assist in education. Studies have shown that children | taking drugs, getting drunk and smoking playing educational games learn more because they donot | « give people false expectations of real life They are fun. aa 3 Soenc ions) ee a. Brains’ responsibilities : they have the right to look for better opportunities abroad! to assume onc” responsibility towards one’s nation’ to contribute to the progress of education and economy at home b. Governments in developing countries : provide the highly-skilled intellectuals with the necessary tools of scientific research’ to give extra privileges (high salaries) / encourage them to stay ¢. Rich countries : assume their responsibilities towards poor countries/ help & donate / provide the necessary tools and expertise to boost the educational & economic level / stop seducing and luring the brains from poor countries via irresistible privileges! more investment in poor nations IIL PROVERBS ON TECHNOLOGY 1. Ithas become appallirigly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.” Albert Einstein 2. Technology tikes it possiblesfor people to gain control over everything, except ovéP technology” John Tudor 3. Technology is ruled by two types 6f pebple: those who ionage what they do nol understand, and those who understand what they do notiinanage” Mike Trout 4. The most excitifig breakthrough®’ of the 2Ist century will not Geur besause of technology but because of an expanding conéépt of what it means to be human” John Naisbitt 5, ‘The(reatest danger in modern technology isn't that machines will begin to think like people, but that people will begin to think like machines” 6. Technology is so much fun but we can drown in our technology. The fog of information canhdrive out knowledge.” Daniel J. Boorstin 7. “If we continue to develop our technology without wisdom or prudence, our servant may prove to be our executioner. Omar Bradley IV. SAMPLE ESSAYS 1. Technology - Pros ‘Technology has radically changed our lifestyles by leaps and bounds, It has made life very comfortable for us at various aspects and Jevels. To, Start with,-technology has, totally transformed the concept of distanceyand|improved our means of transportation. “Who had thought ih, the age of chariots that horses would-be replaced by “The Bullet? (World's fastest train in service)? Todaystime and distance are defeated by certain inventions like the car) the plane and the rocket allowing us to explore not only our space but also the outer space: Added to this, technology in commhunication has turned the globe into a small village thanks to modera iVentions such as cell phones, computers, internet and satellites. Now, you may find that you no longer have to dial a ten’ digit number to call someone; speed dialling on mobile phones saves you your precious time. Just 1 click and your letter travels across continents in 2.minutes rather than 2 weeks, ‘Most important of all, technology has made our life at home easier and better. No more wasting your money on music or movies. With just a click of a button you can have anything your restless heart desires. Even coffee makers are now so much more efficient, quick and easy to use for most people. We've got robots vacuuming our carpets and scrubbing our floors. Last but not least, thanks to the advancements in the ficld of medicine and health, doctors and researchers all over the world are working hard to introduce new medicines and treatments which can cure even the deadliest of diseases. Modem technology has been efficiently used to diagnose, detect and treat the tiniest particles of our bodies using cameras, scanners and x-rays. 2. Technology - Cons ‘There is no doubt that modem science and technology have made our life easier, better and more comfortable. Nevertheless, certain inventions have never been blemishless. of all, modem inventions and techniques are not for everyone, It’s only a rich man’s dream to fly a personal jet with all the latest gadgets fitted in it, Today, we feel technological advances are also widening the gap between the various classes of the society. I fear that this might cause unrest amongst the underprivileged or the less Privileged section of society and lead to more crimes and disparity ; Geet inventions have proved that technology can be tuned from a bless eas can we forget Hiroshima? Throughout most of the world, the name Hiroshima has come to represent man’s technological capacity for massive destruction. What is unfortunate is that Hiroshima seems to be recreated every day with more and more scientist squandering their talent to improve weapons of mass destruction, Other inventions, though less destructive in nature, can turn into killing monsters that threaten our life at all levels, Video games, for example, are meant to be entertaining, but if ever misused they may cause incurable health problems, inevitable educational hardships especially among teenagers. Cars, planes and ships are taking us to far distances fast and comfortably; yet they are meanwhile turning our planet into a suffocating greenhouse. ‘Truth be told, the problem is if technology is mastered by wrong powers, it will destroy everyone, 3. Video Games / Cons Video games have been very popular among children atid teenagers, Where on of@jhand the games do prove to be beneficial to an€stent, at the same time, their ill effects camnot.be ignored. Starting® With, specialists have confirmed that children who spend to much time,playing computer games are casily. susceptible to long-térm health problems such as obesity, poor’eyesight a8)wvell as neck and Back pain. The situation may get wOtse with deadly heart attacks or blood clots. Add to this being addicted to electronic games might result in some educational diffienities when studefils Reglect their homéworkand studies, lose concentration in class or even fail in their exams. It has beer proved that excessive gaming may Weaken learning motivation and mental development. Last but not least, spending many hours in front of the monitor and not going out enough couldiéilso Gause social problems thus resulting in them becoming shy and introvert. Apart from that the games developed nowadays happen to bea lot more violent thus the gamers do have a tendency to lose control and become more aggressive. Undoubtedly, parents need to keep track of how much time their children spend in front of the screen playing games and also as to what type of games they play. problems facing poor countries today is the so-called brain drain. Such a movement of highly skilled, talented individuals is becoming so acute that many are worrying about its effects on the economic development ofthe region. More and-more Educated professionals such as engineers, doctors and scientists iE looking for better job ‘opportunities and highér incontes/inywestem countries. Also more students\fiom developing nations Feceiving an education in Britain, the US, onFrance stay after completing their studies Hence, it's not surprising that serious drawbacks are becoming more and more apparent and social,/eeonomic as well as political conditions are getting worse. Poor countries are wastifig efforts and energies in favour of the western countries, while they are in need for their contribution in economics, education, health, planning, scientific research and technolo; Moreover, we may notice a financial loss as a lot moncy is spent on education and training of students who are favourable by the western countries for free. To make matters worse, scientific research in the developing countries is declining compared to the contribution of migratory brains in the west. 5S. How to help reduce ‘Brain Drain’? (Solutions) Knowledge is power. Knowledge is more powerful than jet fighters and bombers. Alas, poor developing countries are losing their bright brains to the most industrialized nations. The poor is getting poorer, while the rich is getting richer. To reduce brain drain requires that the developed and developing nations reach a mutual agreement on how to reduce the pull and push factors that make scientists flee Africa and Asia to Europe and America. The United States should stop using its special visas to lure talented professionals from their native countries. Also, African nations should try and understand the contributions of scientists by improving their working conditions. Africa could also reduce its internal brain drain by updating its school curricula to reflect its needs for the 21st century. African schools produce more graduates in the arts and humanities than in science and enginesring, It does not come as a surprise that there are only 20,000 scientists and engineers in Africa. Since science and technology can increase the standard of living, it makes more sense to produce more scientists and engineers. Also important is that scientists should be employed as scientists. The deteriorating economy in Africa has forced some professors, medical doctors and scientists to accept minor blue-collar jobs to survive, It is an internal brain drain to have many architects, accountants and pharmacists unemployed. 2 Unit 3: Essays @ The use of Linkers: Starting a general ‘Dp erally speaking/It is undeniable that +. Np oaTySe '/Besides/Moreover.. Ses Emphasizing an already mentioned idea: In fact/In 22 matter of fact... Emphasizing a New idea: Above all/Most importantly... Further Explanation: In other words /that is...... Giving Examples: For instance /such as .... oNBEN & LDEN p euanid the 19 eae 3 aM \.94 195 ATS The benefits of the Peanet. No one can deny » benefits of the Se internet. First of all, the net is very informative Secondly, it facilitates communication between people all over the world . Thirdly, it allows us to save time and energy. Last but not least, the internet helps boost the world economy. The drawbacks of the internet:_Itis universally acknowledged that the internet has invaded the whole globe .It enslaves lots of its surfers and distracts them from their duties. In addition, it turns them into passive consumers of its programs, some of which are rubbish if not detrimental. poout the the charac rie ai red ome o- ell aqy ‘72. rT: 1 29> ns sere are many characteristics required to be a successful inventor .Fil inventor imagines, designs and refers many times to previous results to build on them. Second, inventors are determined to work intensively and at any time to reach a result. Moreover, an his to his work, that is, he dedicatesjfiis{tinte,/ ou Rae: of 2B, 9419580 effort to create a LB appliance, medicamento even an item of of CY clothes. The goals of an inventor is always for Man's welfare .In this context, | may mention the work of Alfred Nobel who devoted his wealth to sponsor students only to show that his invention was for the benefit of humanity. All in all, we should encourage all the inventors and support them financially to create more fruitful gadgets — 5 — nit 4: Life Issues : Grammar Need/Needn't/Needn't have absence ofnecessityanine present | Needn te ver You needn't come early "absence of necessity in fe past GREY Rave, You needilt have cooked you did's th but inwasnit + past participle necessary ‘Obligation/ necessity Needtio verb Tneed To get somesiesh) Form if+ simple or will + infinitive The first type conditional is used. -When the situation in the if clause Is likely to happen. If | have time, | will study English. If | have time, | am going ta study English. (I don't know if I will have time or not, If Ihave time, | study English. (Sometimes | have time.) i+ simok ‘would+ infinitive ‘The secOndtypétconditional is used 1-— When the situation in the if clause is unlikely to happen or is the expression of a hypotfietical: possiblity Exif Lwon the lotfery,!1 would’stob working (but | don't believe | willavin} 2. When referring ton unreal or highly improbable present or future’sitvation, EX: ifit rained every day of the yéar, the earth would be flooded. (but it surely doesn't rain every day of the year) Form: if+ past perfect would+ have +past participle ‘The third type conditional is used \When the situation in the if clause was unlikely to happen or not to happen in the past If |had had time, | would have studied English (Idicnt have time.) ‘The +Comparative the +comparative The more ...... The more ....... ‘The less, ithe less. ‘The harder you work the more chances of success you get. ‘The sooner the better Contrast We use although and Despite to express: contrast Despite / in spite of + noun, cause Ex: Despite my tiredness, | vill help you. Although+ clause (subject +verb ) clause Ex: although | am tired, | will help, Unité: Life Issues: Vocabulary Lifeless=dull=not living ‘To steam=cook food over boiling water ‘stroke=sudden heart disease -quit=give up, stop doing/Something -give way=stop tesisting=strrender Life Sil be better whenou quit smoking -coward=not axrageous, ~Shake=tremble=shiver=quiver -Profound=deep Triumph=victory irtue=moral behavior/behavior and attitude ~People should have values in order to reach virtue -foes=enemies -Vice=immoral behaviour -embtace=accept an jaca “alignated®not belonging to’ particular group .conformity=behavior following the aétepted rules of society - hint-express what you think indirectly -soaked=wet -Teduce=decrease-lower -discharge=out pouring -Cautiously=prudently We should have many friends but we have to choose the intimate ones prudently, -Tips=small pieces of advice -shallow=not deep Other words to know -Bill=invoice (list of charges}=check (am) -Exodus=migration -Staffeall workers in an organization The sini ofthe school has been cooperative and helpful to us in achieving our project. -Reckon =think -Outlive=iive longer than -Seek=lo00k for -Counterpart=sb. Who has the position as sb.else -Proficient=abie to do something well -Decade-period of 10 years “Overnight=for the night -Acentury:100 years, -Deadline=closing time -Level out='stay at steady level -Potential=qualitiesithat exist andiéan bedeveloped -Peakshighest level -Booming=drowing, developing -Commitment=wilingness Mistaken=wrong judginent Oné ofthe best qualities to succeed in one’s job is commitment. - Lifelong-lasiing=permanent -Lifelike=real=authentio Lifestyle=conduct=habits and death=cruciel=crtical EX: Being hired is a matter of life and death for many people. -Mist=fog -Underperformance= low productivity -Culprit=person accused of crime -Sack=dismiss somebody = fire -A foot=a unit for measuring length equal to 2,S40m - An inch=a unit fo; measiring length equal to 2.4cm A typhoon=\ldjent storm -Redundant=made jobless -For life=nehding=continuing -Damp=wet=rainy -Plummet=fall suddenly -A shower= heavy rain for a short period -Drizzle=light rain 23.Breathe 4Boil-stick 68.carthquake 1. Health / to 24.cough AA.ozone layer 69.flood 87 potential heal healthy regular meals AS.pesticide 70.tidal wave 88 proficient unhealthy 25.Beology 46.pollution T1.typhoon 89.seck: look for 2. Obesity 26.acid rain 47.extinet animal 72.voleanie .deadline fruit 2aerosol 48.rain forest eruption 91.Dismiss 4. Nutrition 28animal welfare 49.unleaded petrol_—_73. to employ / 92.Training 5. hypertension 29.carbon dioxide 50.waste Employment OR pay rise 6. diet 30.climate Slnuclear waste 74. 4.work overtime 7. overweight 3L.conservationl 52.radio-active Unemployment 95.sacked 8. vegetable 32.cadlangered waste 75. Employer = 96,prospects 9. protein species 53.Wildlife employes 97.shift work 10. execeige, 33.eneray Sd.cut dowit 76. Jobless | 98.redundant 11. séeightléss —_34-iGlear eiétey — 55.destroy jobleStiess asset 12. vitamin 33,solar etry 56.dispose (of) Trpromotion 100. Urban 13. obese 36iexhaust fumes 57.dump 78.out of work exodus! 14, Smoting, 37 fertilizers 58.protect 79.0 on strike 101. city fife # 15. quit= give 38 forest fires 59.pollute 80.t0 fire rurablife up = abandon 39.global 60.reeyele SLeulprit: 102. cotniry(side) 16, addicted to warming 6Lsave criminal 103, Tife 17. anaddict 40.greenhouse 62.throw away 82.to reckon expectancy 18. Addictive cffect 63.use up think 19. Addiction 41.(non)- G4.environmental ——_83.apply for a job 20. taste renewable group 84.application 21. smell resources 65.green issues form 22. breath #2.nuclear 66.pressure group ——_—85.bio data: CV: radiation 67.drought curriculum vitae U. MAIN TOPICS: 1. Morals & Virtues. ‘© Moral concepts consist of vali virtues and ethics that help individuals distinguish their actions fis Being ‘morally right or morally wrong ‘© Virtues aro a moral concept categorized as intellectual or practical, Practical virtues are broken down into ‘moral or non-moral virtues. The most important moral virtues include courage and honesty, which are generally considered morally right and a positive reflection of an individual's character ‘© Values are a moral concept used in decision-making and conflict situations. A person's mindset and behaviour are dircctly connected to a person's valuc system, and most religious traditions specify values that should be adhered to. Three important moral values are freedom, love and empathy, and these valucs arc often taught within the home and in schools ‘© Ethics are a sot of rules that help dotermine right from wrong in rogards to interpersonal interactions. Responsibility and restraint are two important ethics, which strengthen a person's character and improve interpersonal interaction when observed. 2. Keep fit/ healthy diet (solutions) a. Strong will & determination », Follow a balanced & healthy diet (eat different types of food) ‘an apple a day keeps the doctor awa ©. Regular practice of exercises sit-ups’ press-ups’ walking! jogging.) ‘if you want to get thinner, diminish your dinner > Proverbs on d Your stomach shoukint be a waste basket. One should eat to live, not live to eat. ~Cicero To lengthen your life, shorten your meals. ~Proverb If you wish to grow thinner, diminish your dinner. ~ILS. Leigh + An applea day keeps the doctor away a 3. Drawbacks of smoking ‘+ Health problems: Not being able to breathe properly’ Severe headaches’ Painful heartburn / migraines Lingering colds and bronchitis. / Racing heartbeat, more sweating. ! Yellow skin, teeth and fingernails. / coughing so hard / Trembling hands and fingertips. / Burning my lips on the filter. / Limited motivation and energy. ‘+ Psychological problems: Anxiety from the fear about what I was doing to myself and the consequences. / No relaxation, always feeling in need of something. A constant feeling of not being satisfied, / Feelings of shame while spending time with non-smokerssyFési OF Being UAADIE to quit, of dying an untimely, painful death. / ‘© Social problesié! Sodial rejection due to the afler- OLDEN p

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