dy dx
1. Rate sought: , rate given: = 5.
dt x=30 dt
y 6 240
By similar triangles, = , so y = .
40 x x y
dy −240 dx
Thus, = · .
dt x2 dt 6
x
 
dy −240 4
Therefore, = 2
(5) = − ft/sec. L
dt x=30 30 3 40


dh

dV 2
2. Rate sought: , rate given: = 3.
dt h=1 dt
 
1
Now V = bh 10 = 5bh and b/2 = h/2, so b = h.
2 b
dV dh
Thus, V = 5h2 and = 10h · .
dt dt 2
dh 1 dV
Therefore, = · , so that when h = 1 h
dt 10h dt
 
dh 1 3
we have = (3) = ft/sec.
dt h=1 10(1) 10

 
dh dV
3. Rate sought: , rate given: = 3.
dt h=4 dt
1 3π 3 h
Now V = πr2 h and 2r = 3h, so V = h.
3 4
dV 9π 2 dh dh 4 dV
Thus, = h · , so = 2
· .
dt 4 dt dt 9πh dt
 
dh 4 1 r
Therefore, = 2
(3) = ft/min.
dt h=4 9π(4) 12π

   
dz dy
4. Rates sought: and .
dt x=30 dt u=60
dx du u
Rates given: = 25 and = −25.
dt dt
90
du dy
u2 + 902 = y 2 so 2u = 2y
dt dt y x
√ √
When u = 60, y = 902 + 602 = 30 13
dy 50
so = − √ ft/sec. z
dt 13
dx dz
x2 + 902 = z 2 so 2x = 2z 90
dt dt
√ dz 25
When x = 30, z = 30 10 so = √ ft/sec.
dt 10
  
dz
5. Rate sought: .
dt y
t=1200 M B
dx dy
Rates given = 5 and = 5.
dt dt
z 2 = (x + y)2 + (3000)2 , so

3000
 
dz dx dy
2z = 2(x + y) + z
dt dt dt
When t = 1200, x = 5(1200) = 6000,
y = 5(600) = 3000 W
√ √ y x
and z = 30002 + 90002 = 3000 10. A

dz (6000 + 3000)(5 + 5) √
Therefore, == √ = 3 10 ft/sec.
dt 3000 10
 
dy dx
6. Rate sought: = x3 . Since y 2 = 2x + 1 and y ≥ 0, when x = 4, y = 3.
, Given:
dt
x=4 dt
dy dx dy 64
Differentiating implicitly, 2y =2 so = .
dt dt dt 3

dz dy dx
7. Rates sought: , ; rate given: = 4.
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
Since z = x + y, = + .
dt dt dt
x+y y
We have = so x = 3y. 24
24 6
dx dy dy 4
Then =3 so = ft/sec 6
dt dt dt 3
dz 4 16 x y
and =4+ = ft/sec.
dt 3 3 z

 
dV
8. Rate sought: .
dt h=20 D
D=15
dh dD
Rates given: = 0.01 and = 0.005.
dt dt
D π
Now V = πr2 h and r = , so V = D2 h. h
2 4
 
dV π dh dD
Thus, = D2 + 2D h , and so
dt 4 dt dt
 
dV π  21π
= 152 (.01) + 2(15)(.005)(20) = cm3 /min.
dt h=20 4 16
D=15
 
dx
 x
9. Rate sought: . plane
dt θ=π/4
θ
 
dθ
Rate given: = −0.05.
dt θ=π/4

4400
x
Now = cot θ, so x = 4400 cot θ.
4400
dx dθ
Thus, = −4400 (csc θ)2 , and so
dt dt
 
dx  π 2

θ
= −4400 csc (−0.05) = 440 ft/sec.
dt θ=π/4 4 O
x
 
dx dθ shoreline
10. Rate sought: , rate given: = 6π.
dt x=2 dt
x
Now = tan θ, so x = 3 tan θ.
3
dx dθ 2 3
Thus, = 3 sec2 θ . When x = 2, tan θ = ,
dt dt 3
2 2 2
so sec θ = tan θ + 1 = (2/3) + 1 = 13/9.
 
dx
 
13 θ
Therefore, =3 (6π) = 26π mi/min.
dt x=2 9
Lighthouse
30
SL
 
dθ dx
11. Rate sought: , rate given: = 5. θ
dt x=20 dt
x dθ 1 dx

sidewalk
Now tan θ = , so sec2 θ = .
30 dt 30 dt
x
2
When x = 20, tan θ = , so sec2 θ = tan2 θ + 1 = 13/9.
3
13 dθ 1 dθ 3
Substituting, · = · 5 so = rad/sec.
9 dt 30 dt 26
M an

 
dy dx
12. Rate sought: , rate given: = 2.
dt x=6 dt
y 8 8 B
Now = =√ , so y = 80 x2 + 64)−1/2 .
10 |AB| 2
x +8 2
10
dy
 
1
−3/2 dx y
Thus, = 80 − x2 + 64 (2x) , and so
dt 2 dt 8
   
dy 1
−3/2 24
= 80 − 62 +64 2(6)(2) = − ft/sec.
dt x=6 2 25
A
x
  
dA dr
13. Rate sought: = −1.5. Relation: A = πr2 .
. Given:
dt
r=25 dt
 
dA dr dA
Differentiating implicitly, = 2πr so = 2π(25)(−1.5) = −75π m2 /sec.
dt dt dt r=25

 
dr
14. Rate sought: .
dt R=15
r=5
dV dR dr
Given: = 25, =2 .
dt dt dt
2 2
Relation: V = π Rr .

dV dR 2 dr
Differentiating implicitly, = π2 r + π 2 R(2r) .
dt dt dt
dV dr dr dr
Replacing dR
dt
with 2 dr
dt
, = 2π 2 r2 + 2π 2 Rr = 2π 2 r(r + R)
dt dt dt dt
 
dr 25 1
so = = cm/sec.
dt R=15 2π 2 (5)(5 + 15) 8π 2
r=5