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rule making rule implementation rule adjucation Senate(upper house) and House of Representatives (lower house) Congress the power to make, amend or even repeal laws 24 12/ 3 years; term=6 years no more than 2 consecutive terms not more than 250 house of representatives 3 years/term; 3 consecutive terms RA 7941 term of house of representatives party-list law; a system of proportional representation in the election of Representatives from national regional and Sectoral parties, organizations, coalitions party list representatives members of the House of Representatives who are elected based on the party list system once every year on the fourth Monday of July executive sessions sessions in any of their working committees special session can be called by the president at any time when needed owing to 12 senators Senate president session senior justice commission on appointments 9 members cannot adjourn for more than 3 days move to any other place which the two chambers are sitting electoral tribunal judge all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of its members 3- Justices of the Supreme court 6- chosen by each chamber chairperson acts on all appointments submitted to it by the President of the Philippines ex officio chair of commission on appointments commission on Senators term senators record 60 days suspension should not exceed this verbatim the actual proceedings in both chambers of Congress rules Philippine Congress three major functions of the government Quorum crises or emergencies to address to do business one-half plus one 13 senators 126 congressmen 2/3 of members can suspend or expel

12 representatives

appointments; proportional representation from the political parties or organizations

philippines

Quezon's Commonwealth)

Marcos 1973 constitution malacanang official residence of the President/ his/her office beginning of their terms 300,000 240,000 assumption into office president's salary vice president's salary president reports the status of the nation and informs both chambers of Congress of his/her legislative agenda

a member of the Tribunal and of the Commission cannot be a chairperson of any standing committee senate bills on international agreements and treaties House of Representatives bills on appropriations and those authorizing increase in public debts bill outline of a proposed law from the time it is introduced in either chamber of congress executive power president rule implementation head of state and government executive power power to administer and enforce laws and ensure that thye are observed by the people vice president and heads of executive departments or cabinet members president of the Philippines official title of the president; 1987 constitution; commonwealth your excellency/ his/her excellency president of the republic of the first used by President Jose P. Laurel (bet. honorific title other members of the executive branch of government

SONA

opportunity for opposition parties and civil groups to protest against the government

Supreme Court

high-test court; court of last resort; enjoys fiscal autonomy

Rules of Court of the Philippines

ensure proper interpretation of the laws

barangay chiefs

had judiciary power before Spanish era

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

the first governor general of the Philippines administered civil and criminal justice under Royal Order

Civil justice Criminal Justice

Royal Audiencia

highest tribunal in the Philippines (Spanish Era) below only the CONSEJO DE INDIAS of Spain

writ of amparo

defense to prevent extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances

constitutional right to president 4 oidores fiscal Audiencia Territorial de Manila Chief Justice number of justices was increased territorial Audiencia audiencia for criminal cases General Wesley Merrit audiencia was suspended- military gov't Judiciary Law of the Second Philippine Commission Act No. 136 Supreme Court Courts of First Instance Justice of the Peace Courts Administrative Code of 1917 Supreme court- highest tribunal in the Philippines Supreme court chief justice 8 associate justices Filipinization 1935 Constitution Commonwealth Regime 11 members 2 divisions with 5 members each 1973 Constitution en banc Freedom Constitution 15 members whole transitory charter promulgated by Corazon Aquino; did not affect; replaced by 1987 en banc/ divisions of 3,5,7 // 3 divisions of 5 members lower court most common mode by which a case reaches the Court; appeal Filling Up of Vacancy Prohibition term of office Judicial and Bar Council Cebu vigan Chief Justice Reyno Puno Composition Chief Justice 14 Associate Justices function: screening prospective appointees to any judicial post no fixed term of office 70 years; incapacitated; removed by impeachment quasi-judicial/ administrative President from list with at least 3 nominees from Judicial and Bar Council w/in 3 months or 90 days reliefs- protection, production, inspection/ etc to safeguard one's life and liberty proponent of the writ life, liberty, and security above violation and threats of violation

lawsuits and criminal indictments Court of Appeals

origin of appealed courts must have filed first in Trial Courts Sandiganbayan

Presiding Judge 2 Associate Judges Presiding Justice 8 Associate Justices

administrative and judicial Judiciary Organization Act of 1980/ BP 129 Judicial Review

functions of the Supreme Court lower courts and highest court the power of the Supreme Court to inquire into the constitutionality of the acts of both the executive and legislative branches of government Regional Trial Courts Quasi-Judicial Supreme Court highes court, only one established by the Metropolitan Area constitution Court of Appeals RA 1379- Unexplained Wealth Act Presiding Justice 68 Associate Justices RA 3019- Anti- Graft and Corrupt Practices Act

municipal trial court municipal circuit trial courts Metropolitan Trial Courts Municipal Trial Courts in Cities yellow Regional trial Courts

one municipality 2/more municipalities

outside Metropolitan Area first level of trial courts exercise appellate jurisdiction over the first level courts in the country Quasi-Judicial agencies

final arbiter in any and all judicial issues administrative agencies more properly under the jurisdiction of the Executive Dept. but empowered by fundamental charter/statutes Katarungang Pambarangay Law/ PD 1508 system of amicably settling disputes at the barangay level; promote speedy disposition and administration of justice by easing the congestion of court dockets

Code of Muslim Personal Laws Shari'a courts

section 137 of Presidential Decree regional trial courts in rank

Shari'a Circuit Courts

municipal circuit trial courts

Court of Tax Appeals

Commissioner of Internal Revenue Commissioner of Customs

RA No. 9285

alternative dispute resolution to promote the speedy and impartial administration of justice and unclog the court dockets

y y

Deputy Speaker Minority Leader

Powers of Congress (Legislative) y y y y y y General Legislative Power Implied Power Inherent Powers Specific Legislative Power Executive Power Supervisory Power Judicial Power Miscellaneous Powers

mediation, conciliation, arbitration/ combination

alternative dispute resolution modes

reasons why Laws are needed in society y protect the lives, rights, and property of the people y impose taxes for the operation of the government y define crimes and punishment for crimes y create and abolish government offices

y y

Powers of Executive y y y y y y y Power of Appointment Power of Removal Power of Control Power of Supervision Military Power Power of Executive Clemency Remission of fines and forfeitures

regulate human conduct and use of property for the welfare of the society Common Provisions for Members of Congress y y y y y y y y y Parliamentary Immunity Common Obligations Common Prohibitions and Disabilities Sessions Officers Quorum Rules House Journal and Record Adjournment

o o o
y y

Reprieve Commutation Pardon

Diplomatic Foreign Relations Power Budgetary Power

Departments under the Executive Branch y y y y y y y y agrarian reform agriculture budget and management education energy environment and natural resources finance foreign affairs health interior and local gov't justice

Officers of Senate y y y y Senate President Senate President Pro-Tempore The Majority Leader Minority Leader

Officers of House of Representatives y Speaker of the House

y y y

y y y y y y y y

labor and employment national defense public works and highwasy science and technology tourism trade and industry social welfare and development transportation and communications

Presidents: (AQ LOR Q MG MM AREA) y y y y y y y y y y y y y y Emilio Aguinaldo Manuel L. Quezon Jose P. Laurel Sergio Osmena Manuel Roxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon Magsaysay Carlos P. Garcia Diosdado Macapagal Ferdinand Marcos Corazon C. Aquino Fidel V. Ramos Joseph Estrada Gloria Arroyo

How a Bill Becomes a Law First Reading Committee Referral and Action Second Reading Third Reading Conference Committee Presidential Action

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Specific Legislative Powers reference to those which the fundamental law expressly and specifically directs to perform or execute Supervisory Powers Congress exercises considerable control and supervision over the administrative branch Implied Powers essential to the effective exercise of other powers granted by the Constitution to Congress General Legislative Power laws intended to serve the rules of conduct in governing relations between individuals or between individuals and the state electoral power Executive Power Miscellaneous Powers electoral power Executive in nature other powers mandated by the constitution to the Congress conduct inquiry in aid of legislation through its blue ribbon committee Inherent Powers though not expressly given are nonetheless exercised by the Congress as they are necessary for its existence Judicial Power to pass judgment upon certain parties/courses of action miscellaneous powers general legislative power determine the ownership and extent of ancestral domain miscellaneous powers miscellaneous powers specific legislative powers judicial power concur and approve amnesty declared by the President of the Philippines implement free public secondary education criminal laws concur amnesty general legislative power miscellaneous powers inherent powers determine ownership and extent of ancestral domain to compel attendance of absent members to obtain quorum to do business implement laws on autonomy miscellaneous powers specific legislative powers Executive Power inherent powers electoral power supervisory power decide the creation of a department/agency/office elect its presiding officer/s and other officers of the House to keep a journal of its proceedings affirming treaties by two thirds of vote of the members of senate board of canvassers for presidential/vice-presidential votes authorize commission on audit to audit fund and property civil laws

electoral power

act as board of canvassers for the canvass of presidential/vice-presidential votes miscellaneous powers specific legislative powers

Appointments allow small scale utilization of natural resources power to impeach, initiated by House of Representatives authorize the President of the Philippines to fix tariff rates, quotas and dues miscellaneous powers specific legislative powers specify limits of forest lands and national parks act as constituent assembly or introduce amendments to the fundamental law by a vote of three-fourths of all its members miscellaneous powers Executive Power miscellaneous powers to establish a national language commission Removal power reapportion legislative districts based on established constitutional standard general legislative power electoral power elect the president incase of any electoral tie to the said post specific legislative powers appropriate through the passage of the General Appropriation Act judicial power to initiate contempt proceeding in the Congress political laws

specific legislative powers

declare the existence of war by 2/3 vote from both houses in joint session voting separately

miscellaneous powers

establish an independent economic and planning agency

supervisory power

define powers and duties of officers

inherent powers

to determine the rules of proceedings

judicial power

to expel and suspend its erring members

miscellaneous powers

authorize President of the Philippines to formulate rules and regulations in times of emergency

specific legislative powers judicial power

confirm treaties by twothirds vote of all senators initiate prosecute and thereafter decide cases of impeachment

Executive Power judicial power

appointment of its officers decide electoral protests of its members through the respective electoral tribunal

general legislative power

commercial laws

supervisory power supervisory power prescribe rules and procedures to be followed Executive Power confirming presidential appointees though the Commission on

appropriate funds for governmental operations