Project Report

On
DEMAT ACCOUNT

A Project Submitted to

University of Mumbai for partial completion of the degree of

Bachelor of Management Studies
Under the Faculty of Commerce

Submitted By
ASHUTOSH ARJUN JHA

Ismail yusuf college

Nava SAMAJ MANDAL DEGREE COLLAGE

(Affiliated To University of Mumbai)

Nava Samaj Mandal Marg, Dixit Cress Road No.1, Vile Parle (East), Mumbai
400057. Tel: 022-26123131
APRIL 2022-2023
Project Report
On
BOOM IN STOCK MARKET AFTER PANDEMIC
 A Project Submitted to

University of Mumbai for partial completion of the degree of

Bachelor of Management Studies
Under the Faculty of Commerce

Submitted By
ASHUTOSH ARJUN JHA

Ismail yusuf college

Nava SAMAJ MANDAL DEGREE COLLAGE

(Affiliated To University of Mumbai)

Nava Samaj Mandal Marg, Dixit Cress Road No.1, Vile Parle (East), Mumbai
400057. Tel: 022-26123131
APRIL 2022-2023
Declaration

I, the undersigned Master Ashutosh jha here by, declare that the work
embodied in this project work titled " A study report on boom in the stock
market after the pandemic ", forms my own contribution to the research
work carried out under the guidance of __________is a result of my own
research work and has not been previously submitted to any other University
for any other Degree/Diploma to this or any other University
 Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been
clearly indicated as such and included in the bibliography.
I, here by further declare that all information of this document has been
obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical
conduct.

__________________
ASHUTOSH JHA
ROLL NO. 07
ABSTRACT

This study report analyzes the boom in the stock market after the COVID-19
pandemic. The report examines the reasons for the decline in stock prices
during the early months of the pandemic, and the subsequent significant
increase in stock prices. The study finds that one of the primary drivers of the
boom in the stock market is the unprecedented amount of fiscal and
monetary stimulus provided by governments and central banks around the
world. Additionally, the shift in consumer behavior towards online shopping
and digital services has resulted in significant gains for companies in these
sectors. Furthermore, the emergence of innovative technologies and the
acceleration of digital transformation in many industries have also
contributed to the rise in stock prices. The study concludes that while the
boom in the stock market has provided significant gains for investors, it also
highlights the need for continued economic support and investment in
emerging technologies to ensure sustained growth in the post-pandemic era.
Certificate
This is to certify that ________________ has worked and duly completed his Project Work
for the degree of Bachelor of Management Studies under the Faculty of Commerce in the
subject of FINANCE and his project is entitled,
“A study report on the stock market after the pandemic” under my supervision.

I further certify that the entire work has been done by the learner under my guidance and that
no part of it has been submitted previously for any Degree or Diploma of any University.
It is his own work and facts reported by his personal findings and investigations:

Signature of External Examiner Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of Co-ordinator

Signature of Principal

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to everyone who contributed to this study report
on the boom in the stock market after the COVID-19 pandemic.

First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, [Name], for their guidance, feedback,
and support throughout the entire process. Their insights and expertise were invaluable in
shaping the direction of this report.
I would also like to thank the participants who provided valuable insights and feedback
during the research process. Their perspectives and experiences were crucial in
understanding the impact of the pandemic on the stock market.

Additionally, I would like to express my appreciation to the staff at [Name of Institution] who
provided support and resources for this study report.

Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their encouragement and
understanding during the writing process. Their support helped me to stay motivated and
focused on completing this report.

INDEX
Chapt Content Page no.
er no.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 HISTORY OVERVIEW
1.2 MEANING, DEFINATION &
EXPLAINATION
1.3 RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.4 AIM & OBJECTIVE
1.5 SCOPE OF RESEARCH
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE
STUDY 2.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE
STUDY

3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

4. MAIN STRUDY OF YOUR PROJECT

4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 WHAT ID DEMAT
4.3 ACCOUNT OPENING
4.4 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE TO OPEN
A DEMAT ACCOUNT
4.5 FEATURES OF BENEFICIARY
ACCOUNT
4.6 DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR
OPENING DEMAT ACCOUNT
 4.7 PREQUISITES FOR
DEMATERIALISATION REQUIRED
4.8 REASON FOR
DEMATERIALISATION REQUEST
REJECTION
4.9 BENEFITS OF
DEMATERIALISATION 4.10 DEMAT
PROCESS
4.11 INFORMATION NEEDED FOR
DEMAT ACCOUNT
4.12 WHAT IS DEPOSITORY AND
DEPOSITORY PARTICIPANT
4.13 NATIONAL SECURITIES DEPOSITORY

LIMITED
4.14 CDSL
4.15 THE CHARGES FOR ACCOUNT
CLOSURE AND SECURITIES
TRANSFER DUE TO ACCOUNT
CLOSING
4.16 TRADING/SETTLEMENT
4.17 LENDING AND BORROWING
OF DEMAT SECURITIES
4.18 PHYSICAL SEGMENT
4.19 NOMINATION
4.20 ISIN
4.21 GROWTH OF DEMAT
ACCOUNTS AFTER COVID-19

5. COMPARATIVE STUDY

6. DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATAION

7. CONCLUSION

8. BIBLOGHAPHY & ANNEXURE

CHAPTER – 1
 INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruption and uncertainty

around the world, affecting every aspect of our lives, including the global
economy. The stock market, in particular, experienced a sharp decline in early
2020 as investors feared the impact of the virus on businesses and the
economy. However, over the course of the pandemic, the stock market has
shown remarkable resilience, recovering and even booming in some cases.
This boom in the stock market has been fueled by a combination of
government stimulus measures, growth in certain sectors, and low interest
rates, among other factors. In this study report, we will explore the factors
contributing to the boom in the stock market after the pandemic and analyze
its impact on various industries and companies.

1
The COVID-19 pandemic initially caused a decline in the stock market, but it
has since recovered and even boomed in some cases. This recovery can be
attributed to government stimulus measures, growth in certain sectors, and
low interest rates, among other factors. In this study report, we will explore
these factors and their impact on industries and companies.

1.1 STOCK MARKET

What is stock market

 The stock market is a platform where publicly-traded companies sell shares of
their ownership to the public in exchange for capital. Investors purchase these
shares, and the value of the shares fluctuates based on the performance of the
company and other market factors. The stock market provides a way for
companies to raise capital and for individuals to invest their money in the
hopes of earning a profit. It is a crucial component of the global economy and
plays a significant role in shaping economic growth and development. The
stock market is subject to volatility and is affected by a range of factors,
including political and economic conditions, market sentiment, and
technological advancements, among others.

The stock market can be divided into two primary markets - the primary market and the
secondary market. The primary market is where companies issue new stocks or bonds to
the public, while the secondary market is where investors trade existing securities. The
stock market is typically divided into different indices, such as the S&P 500, the Dow Jones
Industrial Average, and the NASDAQ Composite, which track the performance of various
stocks and provide a benchmark for the overall market.

Investors can invest in the stock market in different ways, such as through individual stocks,
mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Investing in the stock market can offer
potential rewards in the form of capital appreciation, dividends, and other payouts. However,
investing in the stock market also carries risks, including the risk of losing money due to
market volatility or the performance of individual companies.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the stock market, as investors initially
became fearful about the potential impact of the virus on the global economy. As a result,
the stock market experienced a sharp decline in early 2020. However, central banks and
governments around the world implemented stimulus measures to support businesses and
individuals, which helped to stabilize the market. Additionally, the growth of certain sectors,
such as technology, healthcare, and e-commerce, contributed to the stock market's recovery
and subsequent boom.

Low interest rates also played a role in the stock market's recovery, as investors were more
willing to take on risk and invest in stocks instead of low-yield bonds or other investments.
This led to a surge in demand for certain stocks and contributed to the overall rise in the
market.

While the stock market's recovery after the pandemic has been remarkable, it is important to
acknowledge that not all industries and companies have benefited equally. Certain sectors,
such as travel and hospitality, have been hit hard by the pandemic and may take longer to
recover. Additionally, the stock market is inherently unpredictable and subject to volatility,
and it's impossible to predict with certainty what will happen in the future.

In conclusion, the stock market is a crucial component of the global economy and plays a
significant role in shaping economic growth and development. The COVID-19 pandemic
initially caused a decline in the stock market, but it has since recovered and even boomed in
some cases, fueled by government stimulus measures, growth in certain sectors, and low
interest rates. Investing in the stock market can offer potential rewards, but it also carries
risks, and investors should carefully consider their options and risks before investing.

1.2 INDIAN STOCK MARKET

In conclusion, the Indian stock market is a critical component of the Indian economy and
provides a platform for companies to raise capital and investors to invest in various sectors.
While investing in the Indian stock market can offer potential rewards, it also carries risks,
and investors should carefully consider their options and risks before investing. The Indian
stock market has shown steady growth in recent years, and the government's measures to
support the economy and certain sectors have contributed to its performance.The Indian
stock market is one of the largest and most dynamic markets in the world. The Indian stock
market consists of two primary exchanges, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the
National Stock Exchange (NSE), both of which operate electronic trading platforms. The
BSE, founded in 1875, is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, while the NSE was established in
1992.

The Indian stock market is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI),
which oversees the functioning of the market and enforces regulations to protect investors.
The Indian stock market is also subject to global market trends, political and economic
conditions, and other factors that influence the performance of the market.

The Indian stock market provides a platform for companies to raise capital and investors to
invest in various sectors of the economy. The Indian stock market comprises of various
indices, such as the BSE Sensex, the NSE Nifty, and the BSE Midcap, which track the
performance of different stocks and provide a benchmark for the overall market.

Investing in the Indian stock market can offer potential rewards in the form of capital
appreciation, dividends, and other payouts. However, it also carries risks, such as market
volatility and the performance of individual companies. Investors should carefully consider
their options and risks before investing in the Indian stock market.

In recent years, the Indian stock market has shown steady growth, despite challenges such
as the COVID-19 pandemic and political uncertainties. The Indian government has
implemented several measures to boost the economy and support businesses, which has
contributed to the stock market's growth. Additionally, the growth of certain sectors, such
as technology and healthcare, has driven the market's performance.

India has been one of the fastest-growing economies in the world in recent years, and the
growth of its stock market has been a reflection of this. The Indian government has
implemented several measures to support businesses and promote economic growth,
which has contributed to the country's overall economic performance.

One of the key drivers of the Indian stock market's growth has been the growth of the
country's middle class. With a rapidly expanding middle class, there has been a significant
increase in demand for goods and services, leading to growth in several sectors of the
economy. This growth has been reflected in the performance of the stock market, with
several companies in these sectors showing strong growth and providing good returns for
investors.

Another factor contributing to the growth of the Indian stock market has been the rise of
digital technology. The growth of digital technology has led to the emergence of new
industries, such as e-commerce and fintech, which have been major contributors to the
stock market's growth. The Indian government has also launched several initiatives to
promote the growth of digital technology, which has helped to fuel the growth of these
industries.

The Indian stock market has also been impacted by global factors, such as changes in
global economic conditions and trade policies. For instance, the US-China trade war has had
a significant impact on the Indian stock market, as it has affected the global economy and
led to changes in trade policies.

Despite the growth of the Indian stock market, there have been challenges that need to be
addressed. For instance, the Indian economy still faces significant challenges, such as high
levels of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Additionally, the Indian stock market is still
relatively underdeveloped compared to other major economies, and there is a need to
address issues such as liquidity, transparency, and corporate governance.

In conclusion, the Indian stock market is one of the fastest-growing and most dynamic
markets in the world. The growth of the Indian economy, the rise of the middle class, and
the growth of digital technology have been key drivers of the stock market's growth.
However, there are also challenges that need to be addressed to ensure the continued
growth and development of the Indian stock market. Despite these challenges, the Indian
stock market remains an attractive investment opportunity for both domestic and
international investors.

4
1.3 INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
The international stock market is a global network of stock exchanges that enable companies to
raise capital and investors to invest in various sectors across the world. The international stock
market includes major exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Nasdaq, the
Tokyo Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange, and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

The performance of the international stock market is influenced by various factors such as political
and economic conditions, global market trends, and changes in trade policies. The performance of
one stock market can also have a ripple effect on other stock markets around the world.

Investing in the international stock market can offer several benefits such as diversification,
exposure to different sectors and industries, and potential for higher returns. However, it also
carries risks such as currency fluctuations, political instability, and the risk of investing in a foreign
country.

In recent years, the international stock market has shown significant growth, driven by several
factors such as the growth of technology, the rise of the middle class in emerging markets, and the
increase in cross-border investment. The international stock market has also been impacted by the
COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to significant market volatility and changes in investor behavior.

One of the benefits of investing in the international stock market is the ability to diversify one's
portfolio across different regions and sectors, reducing the risk of exposure to a single country or
industry. Additionally, investing in the international stock market can provide exposure to emerging
markets, which can offer higher growth potential than more established markets.

However, investing in the international stock market also carries risks such as currency fluctuations,
political instability, and regulatory changes. Investors should carefully consider these risks before
investing and diversify their investments across different countries and industries.

In conclusion, the international stock market provides investors with access to a global network of
stock exchanges and investment opportunities. While investing in the international stock market
can offer several benefits, it also carries risks, and investors should carefully consider their options
and risks before investing. The international stock market has shown significant growth in recent
years, driven by several factors, and is likely to remain an important component of the global
economy in the years to come.
The growth of the international stock market has been driven by several factors, including
advancements in technology that have made it easier to invest in foreign markets, the rise of
emerging economies such as China and India, and the increasing globalization of trade and
commerce. Additionally, the growth of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and other investment vehicles
has made it easier for investors to gain exposure to international markets.

However, the international stock market also faces several challenges, such as regulatory
differences between countries, political instability, and the impact of global events such as natural
disasters and pandemics. These factors can cause significant market volatility and affect investor
confidence.

Despite these challenges, the international stock market remains an important component of the
global economy, providing investors with opportunities to diversify their portfolios and gain
exposure to different regions and sectors. With careful analysis and a well-diversified investment
strategy, investors can take advantage of the opportunities presented by the international stock
market while managing their risks.

1.4 HISTORY OF STOCK MARKET

The history of the stock market dates back to the 17th century, when the first modern stock
exchange was established in Amsterdam in 1602. This exchange was created to facilitate
trading in the shares of the Dutch East India Company, which was the world's first publicly
traded company.

The concept of a stock exchange gradually spread throughout Europe, with exchanges
being established in London, Paris, and other major cities in the 18th and 19th centuries. In
the United States, the first stock exchange was established in Philadelphia in 1790, followed
by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1817.

Over time, the stock market evolved to become a crucial component of the global economy,
providing companies with a means of raising capital and investors with opportunities to
earn returns on their investments. The growth of the stock market has been driven by
several factors, including advancements in technology, changes in government regulations,
and the increasing globalization of trade and commerce.

The stock market has also faced several challenges throughout its history, including
significant market crashes and economic downturns. One of the most significant of these
was the stock market crash of 1929, which triggered the Great Depression and led to major
reforms in the regulation of financial markets.

Despite these challenges, the stock market has continued to grow and evolve, with new
investment vehicles such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and alternative investments
such as cryptocurrencies emerging in recent years. Today, the stock market remains a
critical component of the global economy, with exchanges around the world facilitating
trillions of dollars in trades each year.

The early history of the stock market was characterized by relatively low trading volumes

and limited participation from investors. However, as the concept of the stock market

became more widely accepted, trading volumes and investor participation increased

significantly. This led to the development of new financial instruments such as options and

futures, which provided investors with new ways to hedge their risks and speculate on

market movements.

In the 20th century, the stock market became an increasingly important component of the

global economy, with exchanges around the world facilitating trillions of dollars in trades

each year. The advent of computer technology in the 1970s and 1980s further transformed

the stock market, enabling faster and more efficient trading and the development of new

investment vehicles such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and derivatives.

The stock market has also faced several significant challenges throughout its history,

including market crashes and economic downturns. One of the most significant of these

was the stock market crash of 1929, which triggered the Great Depression and led to major

reforms in the regulation of financial markets. In more recent years, the stock market has

also been impacted by events such as the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic,

which have caused significant market volatility and changes in investor behavior.

Despite these challenges, the stock market has continued to play a critical role in the global

economy, providing companies with a means of raising capital and investors with

opportunities to earn returns on their investments. The stock market has also been a key

driver of innovation and technological development, with new investment vehicles and

financial instruments continuing to emerge in response to changing market conditions and

investor demands.
Today, the stock market remains a complex and dynamic entity, influenced by a wide range

of factors including economic conditions, government policies, and global events. Investors

must carefully analyze market trends and make informed investment decisions in order to

maximize their returns while managing their risks.

In conclusion, the history of the stock market is a long and complex one, marked by

significant ups and downs, but also by steady growth and evolution. The stock market has

played a critical role in the global economy, providing companies with a means of raising

capital and investors with opportunities to earn returns on their investments. While the

stock market faces numerous challenges and uncertainties, it is likely to remain a key

component of the global economy for many years to come.

In addition to its role in facilitating investment and economic growth, the stock market has
also played a significant role in shaping popular culture and public perceptions of finance
and investing. The image of the stock trader, working on the floor of the New York Stock
Exchange or watching stock prices on a computer screen, has become an iconic symbol of
modern finance.
The stock market has also been the subject of numerous movies, TV shows, and books,
reflecting its importance in the popular imagination. However, these depictions often
exaggerate the high-risk, high-reward nature of stock trading, and may give investors an
unrealistic view of the potential returns and risks associated with investing in the stock
market.

In reality, successful investing in the stock market requires a great deal of knowledge,
research, and discipline. Investors must carefully analyze market trends and individual
companies, diversify their portfolios to manage risk, and avoid making emotional or
impulsive investment decisions.

The future of the stock market is likely to be shaped by a wide range of factors, including
technological advancements, regulatory changes, and shifting global economic trends.
Investors who are able to stay ahead of these trends and make informed investment
decisions are likely to be successful in the years to come.

In conclusion, the stock market is a complex and dynamic entity that has played a critical
role in the global economy and popular culture. While it has faced numerous challenges and
uncertainties throughout its history, the stock market is likely to remain an important
component of the global economy for many years to come. Investors who are able to
navigate these challenges and make informed investment decisions stand to benefit from
the potential returns and opportunities offered by the stock market.

1.5 BEFORE PANDEMIC

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the stock market was experiencing a period of steady
growth and relatively low volatility. In the United States, the S&P 500 index had been rising
steadily since the end of the 2008 financial crisis, with annualized returns of around 12%
between 2009 and 2019. The unemployment rate in the US had also been steadily declining,
reaching historic lows of 3.5% in early 2020.

Similarly, in other parts of the world, the stock market was also experiencing growth and
relative stability. For example, in India, the benchmark index Sensex had reached record
highs in early 2020, driven by strong performances from companies in sectors such as
information technology, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. In Europe, the pan-
European Stoxx 600 index had also been rising steadily, with many investors betting on a
continued period of economic growth.

However, there were also concerns among some investors about the potential for a market
correction or recession. Many believed that stock valuations had become overinflated and
that global economic growth was slowing, with trade tensions between the US and China
and other geopolitical risks adding to the uncertainty.

Overall, the stock market before the pandemic was characterized by a mix of optimism and
caution, with many investors hopeful for continued growth but also mindful of the potential
risks and challenges facing the global economy. The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in
early 2020 would dramatically reshape the stock market landscape and lead to significant
changes in investor behavior and market dynamics.

Before the pandemic, there were a number of trends and factors shaping the stock market.
One major trend was the growing dominance of technology companies, which were driving
much of the market's growth. Companies such as Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, and Facebook
had become some of the largest and most valuable companies in the world, accounting for
a significant portion of the gains in the stock market.

Another factor shaping the market was the low interest rate environment, which had been in
place since the 2008 financial crisis. Low interest rates made borrowing cheaper and
encouraged companies to invest in growth and expansion, while also making stocks a more
attractive investment option for investors seeking higher returns. The US Federal Reserve
had also been gradually raising interest rates in the years leading up to the pandemic, a
move that was seen by some as a sign of confidence in the strength of the economy.

In addition to these trends, there were also a number of risks and uncertainties facing the
market. These included trade tensions between the US and China, which had led to tariffs
and other measures that threatened to disrupt global supply chains and slow economic
growth. There were also concerns about political instability and geopolitical risks, including
tensions between the US and North Korea, and the ongoing conflict in Syria.

Despite these risks, the stock market remained relatively stable and continued to deliver
strong returns for investors. However, the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020
would upend this stability and lead to one of the most dramatic market collapses in history.

In February and March of 2020, global stock markets experienced a sudden and dramatic
decline, with many major indices falling by more than 30% in a matter of weeks. The S&P
500 index, for example, fell by 34% between its peak in mid-February and its low point on
March 23. This rapid decline was driven by a number of factors, including fears about the
impact of the pandemic on the global economy, uncertainty about the duration and severity
of the outbreak, and a wave of panic selling as investors rushed to exit the market.

Governments and central banks around the world responded with a range of measures
aimed at stabilizing the market and supporting the economy. These included massive fiscal
stimulus packages, such as the CARES Act in the US, and monetary policy interventions,
such as interest rate cuts and quantitative easing. These measures helped to stabilize the
market and restore investor confidence, with many major indices rebounding strongly from
their March lows.

However, the pandemic also created significant challenges and disruptions for companies
and industries around the world, leading to a period of heightened uncertainty and volatility
in the stock market. Some sectors, such as technology and healthcare, performed well in
the pandemic, while others, such as travel and hospitality, were hit hard by lockdowns and
social distancing measures. Investors had to navigate these uncertainties and adapt their
strategies to the new realities of the pandemic, often focusing on companies with strong
balance sheets, resilient business models, and innovative solutions to the challenges of the
pandemic.

In conclusion, the stock market before the pandemic was characterized by a mix of
optimism and caution, with many investors betting on continued growth but also mindful of
the potential risks and challenges facing the global economy. The arrival of the COVID-19
pandemic would upend these expectations and lead to a period of unprecedented volatility
and uncertainty in the stock market. While the market has since recovered and adapted to
the new realities of the pandemic, the long-term implications of this period of disruption and
change are still unfolding. Investors must remain vigilant and adaptable in order to navigate
the challenges and opportunities of the post-pandemic stock market.

Here are some statistics related to the Indian stock market

before the pandemic:

1. The benchmark index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) - the Sensex - rose by 15%
 in 2019, reaching an all-time high of 41,952 points in December 2019.
2. In the first two months of 2020, the Sensex continued to rise, reaching a new all-time
high of 42,273 points on January 20.
3. However, the market took a sharp downturn in March 2020 due to the pandemic, with
the Sensex dropping by 23% between February 12 and March 23.
4. In the fiscal year 2019-20, foreign institutional investors (FIIs) invested a net sum of
Rs 1.01 lakh crore ($13.7 billion) in Indian equities.
5. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cut the repo rate by a total of 135 basis points in
2019 to stimulate the economy.
6. The Indian government introduced several policy measures in 2019 to boost the
economy, including corporate tax cuts and a Rs 102 lakh crore ($1.4 trillion)
infrastructure spending plan.
7. In 2019, the Indian economy grew at a rate of 4.2%, according to the government's
estimates, but this rate was projected to slow down in 2020 due to the pandemic.

Here are some statistics related to the international stock market

before the pandemic:

1. In 2019, the S&P 500 index returned 31.5%, the best annual return since 2013.
2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average also posted strong gains in 2019, returning 22.3%.
3. Technology stocks were some of the best performers in the market in 2019, with the
technology sector of the S&P 500 returning 48%.
4. In 2019, the US Federal Reserve cut interest rates three times, from a range of 2.25-
2.5% to a range of 1.5-1.75%.
5. The global economy was projected to grow at a rate of 3.3% in 2020, according to the
International Monetary Fund, before the pandemic disrupted economic activity.
6. As of February 2020, the unemployment rate in the US was at a 50-year low of 3.5%.
1.6 DURING PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the stock market, with many industries
experiencing significant declines in their stock prices as a result of the pandemic. In
contrast, companies in the technology sector saw their stock prices rise as the pandemic
drove increased demand for remote work and online shopping. The pandemic also had an
impact on global supply chains, contributing to volatility in the stock market as investors
adjusted to the changing conditions.

Governments and central banks around the world implemented a range of measures to
support businesses and individuals during the pandemic, including stimulus packages, loan
guarantees, and other forms of support that helped to stabilize the stock market. Despite
the volatility and uncertainty caused by the pandemic, the stock market has performed
remarkably well in recent months, thanks in part to the success of vaccination programs
around the world, which have helped to boost economic activity and restore investor
confidence.

While the outlook for the stock market remains positive, there are still a number of risks that
could impact its performance in the coming months. These include concerns about
inflation, geopolitical tensions, and the potential for new variants of the virus to emerge. As
with any investment, it is important for investors to carefully consider the risks and potential
rewards of investing in the stock market. By staying informed and working with a trusted
financial advisor, investors can make informed decisions that align with their long-term
financial goals.

The impact of the pandemic on the stock market:

1. Impact on Different Sectors

The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on different sectors of the economy, with
some sectors performing better than others. The healthcare sector was one of the few
sectors that saw growth during the pandemic due to increased demand for medical
equipment, hospital supplies, and pharmaceutical products. The technology sector also
performed well due to the rise in remote work, e-commerce, and online services.

On the other hand, the travel, hospitality, and retail sectors were among the hardest hit.
Many companies in these sectors experienced significant declines in their stock prices as a
result of the pandemic. With people being forced to stay at home, the travel and hospitality
sectors were severely impacted as people canceled trips and hotels were shut down. The
retail sector also faced challenges due to the closure of physical stores and a shift towards
online shopping.

2. Government Intervention

Governments around the world implemented various measures to mitigate the economic
impact of the pandemic, including stimulus packages, loan guarantees, and other forms of
support. These measures helped to stabilize the stock market and prevent a complete
economic collapse. Central banks also lowered interest rates and implemented quantitative
easing to inject liquidity into the market.

In the United States, the government implemented the CARES Act, which provided stimulus
checks to citizens and extended unemployment benefits. The Federal Reserve also
implemented a quantitative easing program and slashed interest rates to near-zero. In the
European Union, the European Central Bank implemented similar measures, including a
€750 billion recovery package.

3. Impact on Individual Investors

Individual investors were also affected by the pandemic, with many experiencing financial
losses due to the volatility in the stock market. Many investors were forced to sell their
stocks at a loss due to the uncertainty caused by the pandemic. However, some investors
also took advantage of the downturn to invest in the stock market at a lower cost.

With the rise of online trading platforms, more people have started investing in the stock
market. This has led to increased volatility, with individual investors often reacting to news
and events in real-time. While this can lead to significant gains, it can also lead to significant
losses if investors are not careful.

4. Future Outlook

The future outlook for the stock market is positive, with many experts predicting continued
growth as the world emerges from the pandemic. With vaccination programs underway and
economic activity returning to pre-pandemic levels, many sectors are expected to rebound,
including travel, hospitality, and retail.

However, there are still risks to the market, including inflation, geopolitical tensions, and the
potential for new variants of the virus to emerge. In addition, the Federal Reserve has
indicated that it may begin raising interest rates to combat inflation, which could impact the
stock market.

Despite these risks, investing in the stock market remains an attractive option for those
seeking long-term gains. By working with a trusted financial advisor and staying informed
about market trends and news, investors can make informed decisions that align with their
financial goals.

5. Rise of ESG Investing

The pandemic has led to an increased focus on environmental, social, and governance

(ESG) issues, which has in turn led to a rise in ESG investing. Investors are increasingly

seeking companies that prioritize sustainable practices, social responsibility, and good

governance. Companies that are seen as leaders in these areas have often outperformed

those that do not prioritize ESG issues.

6. Increased Mergers and Acquisitions

The pandemic has also led to an increase in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity, as

companies look to consolidate and strengthen their positions in the market. Many

companies have been forced to restructure or downsize due to the pandemic, which has
created opportunities for M&A deals. This trend is expected to continue in the post-

pandemic era as companies look to gain a competitive edge.

7. Impact on Small Businesses

Small businesses have been hit hard by the pandemic, with many forced to shut down or

reduce operations due to lockdowns and restrictions. This has had a ripple effect on the

stock market, as many small businesses are privately held and are not listed on stock

exchanges. However, the pandemic has also led to an increased focus on supporting small

businesses, which could lead to new opportunities for investors in the future.

8. Shift towards Sustainable Investments

The pandemic has led to a shift towards sustainable investments, as investors prioritize

companies that prioritize the environment and social responsibility. This trend is expected

to continue as the world becomes more aware of the impact of climate change and the

need for sustainable practices. This could lead to new investment opportunities in areas

such as renewable energy, clean technology, and sustainable infrastructure.

9 . Impact on Emerging Markets

Emerging markets have been hit hard by the pandemic, with many experiencing economic

downturns and currency devaluations. This has led to significant volatility in the stock

markets of emerging economies. However, some emerging markets have fared better than

others, particularly those that are heavily reliant on technology and e-commerce. As the

world recovers from the pandemic, emerging markets could present new opportunities for

investors seeking growth.

10. Increased Use of Technology

The pandemic has accelerated the adoption of technology in many sectors, including
finance and investing. With more people working from home and relying on digital tools to
stay connected, there has been a greater demand for digital investment platforms, online
trading, and other tech-based financial services. This trend is expected to continue in the
post-pandemic era, as investors become more comfortable with using technology to
manage their investments. This could lead to new investment opportunities in areas such as
fintech and cybersecurity.

Here are some statistics related to the impact of the pandemic on the stock
market:

1. Market Decline in March 2020:

In March 2020, when the pandemic was declared a global crisis by the World Health
Organization, the stock market saw significant declines. The S&P 500 Index in the US, for
example, fell by approximately 34% from its peak in February 2020 to its low point in March.

2. Record-Breaking Market Recovery:

Despite the initial decline, the stock market made a record-breaking recovery in 2020. The
S&P 500 Index, for example, had its best year since 2013, with an annual return of
approximately 16%. The NASDAQ Composite Index also had a strong year, with an annual
return of approximately 44%.

3. Growth in Technology Sector:

The pandemic led to a significant increase in demand for technology, as more people
worked from home and relied on digital tools for communication and entertainment. This
trend led to growth in the technology sector, with companies such as Amazon, Apple, and
Microsoft seeing significant gains in their stock prices.

4. Increase in Retail Trading:

The pandemic also led to an increase in retail trading, as more people turned to investing as
a way to generate income during lockdowns and restrictions. According to data from E-
Trade Financial, the number of new retail trading accounts opened in the first quarter of
2020 increased by approximately 169% compared to the same period in 2019.

5. Record-Breaking IPO Activity:

Despite the pandemic, 2020 was a record-breaking year for initial public offerings (IPOs) in
the US. According to data from Renaissance Capital, there were 480 IPOs in 2020, raising a
total of $174 billion. This was the highest number of IPOs since 2000 and the highest
amount raised since 2014.

6. Global GDP Decline:

The pandemic had a significant impact on global GDP, with the World Bank estimating a
decline of 4.3% in 2020. The decline was particularly pronounced in advanced economies,
where GDP fell by approximately 5.8%. However, the global economy is expected to recover
in the coming years, with the World Bank projecting growth of 4.4% in 2021 and 4.8% in
2022.

1.7 BOOM AFTER PANDEMIC

The boom in the stock market after the pandemic has been influenced by several factors,
including government stimulus packages, low-interest rates, and the acceleration of digital
transformation.
One of the main drivers of the stock market boom has been the government stimulus
packages that were implemented in response to the economic downturn caused by the
pandemic. These packages injected significant amounts of money into the economy, which
in turn stimulated consumer spending and business investment. This increase in economic
activity helped to support the stock market and drive up stock prices.

Another factor that has contributed to the stock market boom is the low-interest rates that
have been maintained by central banks. These low-interest rates have made borrowing
cheaper, which has encouraged businesses to invest and expand, and consumers to spend.
As a result, there has been an increase in economic activity, which has helped to boost the
stock market.

The pandemic has also accelerated the digital transformation of many businesses,
particularly in the technology sector. Companies that provide technology-based solutions
have been in high demand as people have increasingly relied on digital tools to work, learn,
and socialize during lockdowns. The acceleration of digital transformation has led to a
surge in stock prices for many technology companies, contributing to the overall boom in
the stock market.

Furthermore, the stock market boom has been influenced by increased investor optimism as
vaccination campaigns have been rolled out globally. As more people get vaccinated, there
is a growing sense of optimism that the worst of the pandemic is behind us, and economic
activity will continue to recover. This optimism has helped to drive up stock prices.

In summary, the stock market boom after the pandemic has been influenced by government
stimulus packages, low-interest rates, the acceleration of digital transformation, and
investor optimism. These factors have helped to support economic activity and drive up
stock prices, particularly in the technology sector.

The pandemic has led to significant changes in consumer behavior, particularly in the way
people shop and access services. With physical stores closed or limited, consumers have
increasingly turned to online shopping and e-commerce platforms. This has led to a surge in
demand for technology-based solutions, particularly in the retail sector. Companies that
provide online shopping platforms and delivery services have seen significant growth,
driving up their stock prices.

Furthermore, the pandemic has led to changes in market dynamics, particularly in the
healthcare sector. The pandemic highlighted the importance of healthcare services and has
led to increased investment in the sector. Companies that provide healthcare solutions,
particularly those involved in developing vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, have seen
significant growth, driving up their stock prices.

The stock market boom after the pandemic has also been influenced by changes in the way
people work. With many people forced to work remotely, there has been a surge in demand
for remote work and collaboration tools. Companies that provide these solutions have seen
significant growth, driving up their stock prices.

Another factor that has contributed to the stock market boom after the pandemic is the shift
towards renewable energy. With increased awareness of the environmental impact of
traditional energy sources, there has been a growing demand for renewable energy
solutions. Companies that provide renewable energy solutions have seen significant growth,
driving up their stock prices.

The stock market boom after the pandemic has not been without its challenges, however.
One of the main challenges has been inflation, which has been on the rise due to increased
demand and supply chain disruptions. This has led to concerns about the sustainability of
the stock market boom and the potential for a market correction.

Despite these challenges, the stock market continues to perform well, driven by a
combination of factors including government stimulus, low-interest rates, and changes in
consumer behavior and market dynamics. The pandemic has accelerated many of these
changes, leading to a surge in demand for technology-based solutions and renewable
energy. As the world continues to navigate the pandemic and its aftermath, it remains to be
seen how the stock market will continue to evolve.

In conclusion, the boom in the stock market after the pandemic has been driven by a range
of factors, including government stimulus, low-interest rates, changes in consumer behavior
and market dynamics, and the acceleration of digital transformation. These factors have led
to increased demand for technology-based solutions, renewable energy, and healthcare
services, driving up stock prices. Despite challenges such as inflation, the stock market
continues to perform well, and its evolution in the coming years will be interesting to
observe

Here are some statistics regarding the boom in the stock market after
the pandemic:

1. The S&P 500 Index, which tracks the performance of the 500 largest publicly traded
companies in the US, rose by 16% in 2020 despite the pandemic.
2. The NASDAQ Composite, which is heavily weighted towards technology companies,
rose by 43% in 2020.
 3. The MSCI World Index, which tracks the performance of stocks from developed
countries, rose by 14.6% in 2020.
4. The Indian stock market, as measured by the BSE Sensex, rose by 15% in 2020.
5. The Chinese stock market, as measured by the Shanghai Composite Index, rose by
13% in 2020.
6. Technology stocks were among the top performers in the stock market after the
pandemic, with the tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite outperforming other indices.
7. Healthcare stocks also performed well, driven by increased demand for healthcare
services and the development of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19.
8. The energy sector was one of the worst-performing sectors during the pandemic, with
oil prices falling sharply and demand for traditional energy sources declining.
9. The stock market boom has continued into 2021, with many indices reaching new all-
time highs.
10. The total market capitalization of the world's stock markets reached an all-time high
of $106.9 trillion in February 2021.

Here are some comparisons between the stock market before

and after the pandemic in a column format:

Before the After the

Pandemic Pandemic

Overall Trend Long period of Sharp decline

growth, many followed by

indices at all- rebound and

new all-time
 time highs highs

Economic

uncertainty
Relatively
Widespread
stable and
economic
predictable
uncertainty and
economic
volatility
conditions

Investor
Initially
Sentiment
Generally panicked and

optimistic and bearish, then

bullish rebounded to

optimism
 Traditional

sectors like
Technology and
energy,
healthcare
Sector finance, and
sectors
Performance consumer
outperforming
goods
other sectors
performing

well

Significant

government
Minimal
intervention in
government
Government the form of
intervention in
Intervention stimulus
the stock
measures and
market
quantitative

easing

Global
Global
interconnected
interconnecte
ness with a
dness of the
International more
stock market
Impact coordinated
with some
global response
international
to economic
volatility
challenges

Future Outlook Positive long- Uncertain

term outlook outlook with

with some potential for

potential continued

challenges volatility and

 fluctuations

Some of the best performing sectors in the stock market were

technology and healthcare after pandemic

Technology stocks were particularly strong as the pandemic accelerated the shift towards
digitalization and remote work. Companies in this sector, such as Amazon, Apple, and
Microsoft, saw a surge in demand for their products and services, which translated to higher
earnings and stock prices. Additionally, some technology companies like Zoom Video
Communications and DocuSign saw their stock prices skyrocket as the pandemic forced
people to work and communicate remotely.

In the healthcare sector, companies involved in developing vaccines and treatments for
COVID-19 saw significant gains. Companies such as Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca all
experienced a surge in stock prices as their COVID-19 vaccines received emergency use
authorization. Additionally, companies involved in producing medical supplies and
equipment like Johnson & Johnson and Abbott Laboratories also saw an increase in
demand for their products, leading to higher stock prices.

It's worth noting that individual stocks and sectors can vary significantly in their
performance, and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Additionally, the stock market is subject to a wide range of factors and influences, and
investors should always conduct their own research and consult with financial professionals
before making investment decisions.
HIGHEST PERFORMING STOCKS POST PANDEMIC

INTERNATIONALLY

1. Moderna Inc. (MRNA): Moderna is a biotechnology company that develops

therapeutics and vaccines based on messenger RNA technology. The company was
one of the key players in the development of COVID-19 vaccines and saw its stock
price rise over 500% in 2020.

2. Zoom Video Communications Inc. (ZM): Zoom is a video conferencing company that
became a household name during the pandemic as millions of people around the
world began working and communicating remotely. Zoom's stock price soared over
400% in 2020.

3. Tesla Inc. (TSLA): Tesla is an electric vehicle manufacturer and sustainable energy
company. The company's stock price surged over 700% in 2020 as it continued to
expand its production capacity and deliver strong earnings results.

4. Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN): Amazon is a multinational technology company that

operates in various sectors, including e-commerce, cloud computing, digital
streaming, and artificial intelligence. The company's stock price rose over 75% in
2020 as it continued to benefit from the trend towards online shopping and remote
work.

5. NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA): NVIDIA is a technology company that designs and

manufactures graphics processing units (GPUs) and system-on-a-chip units (SoCs).
The company's stock price rose over 100% in 2020 as it continued to benefit from the
demand for GPUs in the gaming and data center markets.

6. Shopify Inc. (SHOP): Shopify's stock price rose from around $413 at the start of 2020 to over
$1,200 by the end of the year, representing a gain of over 190%.
7. Netflix Inc. (NFLX): Netflix's stock price rose from around $329 at the start of 2020 to over
$540 by the end of the year, representing a gain of over 60%.

8. PayPal Holdings Inc. (PYPL): PayPal's stock price rose from around $109 at the start of 2020
to over $234 by the end of the year, representing a gain of over 115%.

9. DocuSign Inc. (DOCU): DocuSign's stock price rose from around $75 at the start of 2020 to
over $220 by the end of the year, representing a gain of over 190%.

10. Teledoc Health Inc. (TDOC): Teledoc's stock price rose from around $86 at the start of 2020
to over $209 by the end of the year, representing a gain of over 140%.

all companies in which investor holds securities electronically eliminating the need to
correspond with each of them separately

• Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of securities and Reduction in transaction cost

• Automatic credit into demat account of shares, arising out of

bonus/split/consolidation/merger etc.

4.10 DEMAT PROCESS

1. The registered holder of the securities makes the request.

2. Securities must be recognised by Depository as eligible.

3. Client submits DRF & physical certificates to DP. DP checks securities. 4.

Client defaces certificates and DP punches two holes on name of company.

5. DP enters demat request in system for Depository.

6. DP dispatches certificates along with DRF to R&T.

7. Depository records the details and sends to R&T.

8. R&T agent verifies the details and confirms to Depository.

9. Depository credits the demat securities to BO a/c of client and intimates DP

electronically. 10.DP issues statement to client.

4.11 INFORMATION NEEDED FOR DEMAT ACCOUNT

An investor has to give his bank account details at the time of account opening. It is for the
protection of investor's interest. The bank account number will be mentioned on the interest
or dividend warrant, so that such warrant cannot be encashed by anyone else. Further, cash
corporate benefits such as dividend, interest will be credited to the investors account directly
through the ECS (Electronic Clearing Service) facility, wherever available, by the company.

29
An investor can change the details of his bank account. Since in the depository system
monetary benefits on the security balances are paid as per the bank account details provided
by the investor at the time of account opening, the investor must ensure that any subsequent
change in bank account details is informed to the DP.

An Investor should immediately inform his/her DP if the address of the investor

changes, who in turn will update the records. This will obviate the need of informing
different companies.

An investor can open more than one account in the same name with the same DP and
also with different DPs.

An investor has not to keep any minimum balance of securities in his/her accounts.
Depository / DP can be chosen by investor as per convenience irrespective of the DP of the
broker.

The demat account must be opened in the same ownership pattern such as securities owned
individually in which the securities are held in the physical form. e. g. if one share certificate
is in the individual name and another certificate is jointly with somebody, two different
accounts Would have to be opened.
4.12 WHAT IS DEPOSITORY AND DEPOSITORY PARTICIPANT:

Depository can in many ways be compared to a bank. Securities of the investors are held in
electronic / book entry form by the Depository. Apart from holding the securities, Depository
also provides services related to transactions in securities.

In India, a Depository Participant (DP) is described as an agent of the depository. They are
the intermediaries between the depository and the investors. The relationship between the
DPs and the depository is governed by an agreement made between the two under the
Depositories Act.

In a Strictly legal sense, a DP is an entity who is registered as such with SEBI under the
provisions of the SEBI Act.

Think of it like a bank. The head office where all the technology rests and details of all
accounts held is like the depository. And the DPs are the branches that cater to
individuals.

30
At present two Depositories viz. National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central
Depository Services (1) Limited (CDSL) are registered with SEBI.

4.13 NATIONAL SECURITIES DEPOSITORY LIMITED (NSDL):

NSDL was the first depository organization promoted by IDBI, UTI, and National Stock
Exchange (NSE). NSDL was set up to provide electronic depository facilities for securities
being traded in capital market. The depositories ordinance was promulgated by the
Government of India in September 1995. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
issued guidelines for depositories in May, 1996.

NSDL has minimum net worth of Rs 100 crores. NSDL deals with shares in dematerialized
form through depository participants who are agents of investor banks, stockbrokers and
financial institutions. NSDL Depository Participant can be a public financial institution, bank,
custodian, registered stockbroker or a non-banking financial company subject to the approval
from the Depository Company and SEBI. NSDL aims at ensuring the safety and soundness of
Indian capital market by developing settlement solutions that increase efficiency, minimize
risk and reduce costs.
4.14 CENTRAL DEPOSITORY SERVICES (INDIA) LIMITED (CDSL):

CENTRAL DEPOSITORY SERVICEES LIMITED (CDSL) is second depository in India,

is set up to meet the objective the Act & to fulfil the user's need. CDSL is secured
"Certificate of Commencement" of business on Feb 8, 1999 from SEBI. The balances in the
investors' account recorded and maintained with CDSL can be obtained through the DP. The
DP is required to provide the investor, at regular intervals, a statement of account, which
gives the details of the securities holdings and transactions. The depository system has
effectively eliminated paper- based certificates, which were prone to be fake, forged,
counterfeit resulting in bad deliveries. CDSL offers an efficient and instantaneous transfer of
securities

CDSL was promoted by Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE) jointly with leading banks
such as State Bank of India, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, HDFC Bank, Standard Chartered
Bank, Union Bank of India and Centurion Bank. Each and every activity of CDSL stem from

31
the essential reason behind forming this depository, i.e. to encourage India's individual
investors to benefit from actively participating in a depository.

Services provided by Depository system :

• Dematerialisation (usually known as demat) is converting physical certificates to electronic

form.

• Rematerialisation, known as remat, is reverse of demat, i.e., getting physical certificates

from the electronic securities.

• Transfer of securities, change of beneficial ownership

• Settlement of trades done on exchange connected to the Depository

• Pledge / Hypothecation of demat shares, viz. Loan against shares

• Electronic credit in public offering of the Companies

• Non - Cash corporate benefits, viz. Bonus / Rights - direct credit into electronic

form • Depository restrict the risk of fraud

4.15 The charges for account closure and securities transfer due to account
closing.

SEBI vide Circular No. MRD/DoP/Dep/Cir-22 /05 dated November 09, 2005 advised that
with effect from January 09, 2006, no charges shall be levied by a depository on DP and
consequently, by a DP on a Beneficiary Owner (BO) when a BO transfers all the securities
lying in his account to another branch of the same DP or to another DP of the same
depository or another depository, provided the BO Account/s at transferee DP and at
transferor DP are one and the same, i.e. identical in all respects. In case the BO Account at
transferor DP is a joint account, the BO Account at transferee DP should also be a joint
account in the same sequence of ownership.

32
All other transfer of securities consequent to closure of account. not fulfilling the above
stated criteria, would be treated like any other transaction and charged as per the schedule of
charges agreed upon between the BO and the DP.

Freeze or lock of an account

Investors can freeze or lock their accounts for any given period of time, if so desired.
Accounts can be frozen for debits (preventing transfer of securities out of accounts) or for
credits (preventing any movements of hindrances into accounts) or for both.

4.16 Trading/Settlement

Traditionally settlement system on Indian stock exchanges gave rise to settlement risk due to
the time that elapsed before trades were settled by physical movement of certificates. The
process of physical moving the securities from seller to his broker to clearing corporation to
the buyer's broker and finally to the buyer took time with the risk of delay somewhere along
the chain. Now depository holds securities in dematerialised form. The procedure for buying
and selling dematerialised securities is similar to the procedure for buying and selling
physical securities. The difference lies in the process of delivery (in case of sale) and receipt
(in case of purchase) of securities.
In case of purchase: -

• The broker will receive the securities in his account on the pay-out day • The broker will

give instruction to its DP to debit his account and credit investor's account

• Investor will give 'Receipt Instruction to DP for receiving credit by filling appropriate form.
However, one can give standing instruction for credit in to one‟s accounts that will obviate
the need of giving Receipt Instruction every time.

33
In case of sale: -

The investor will give delivery instruction to DP to debit his account and credit the broker's
account. Such instruction should reach the DP's office at least 24 hours before the pay-in as
otherwise DP will accept the instruction only at the investor's risk.

'Standing Instruction' given in the account opening form

In a bank account, credit to the account is given only when a 'pay in' slip is submitted
together with cash/cheque. Similarly, in a depository account 'Receipt in' form has to be
submitted to receive securities in the account. However, for the convenience of investors,
facility of 'standing instruction' is given. If you say 'Yes' for standing instruction, you need
not submit 'Receipt in' slip every time you buy securities. If you are particular that securities
can be credited to your account only with your consent, then do not say 'yes' [or tick] to
standing instruction in the application form.

Delivery Instruction Slip (DIS) and the precautions which one need to observe with
respect to Delivery Instruction Slips

To give the delivery one has to fill a form called Delivery Instruction Slip (DIS). DIS may be
compared to cheque book of a bank account. The following precautions are to be taken in
respect of DIS: -
•Ensure and insist with DP to issue DIS book.

• Ensure that DIS numbers are pre-printed and DP takes acknowledgment for the DIS booklet
issued to investor.

• Ensure that your account number [client id] is pre-stamped.

•If the account is a joint account, all the joint holders have to sign the instruction slips.
Instruction cannot be executed if all joint holders have not signed.

• Avoid using loose slips.

34
• Do not leave signed blank DIS with anyone viz., broker/sub- broker.

• Keep the DIS book under lock and key when not in use

• If only one entry is made in the DIS book, strike out remaining space to prevent misuse by
anyone.

• Investor should personally fill in target account -id and all details in the DIS.

It is possible to give delivery instructions to the DP over Internet. Both NSDL and CDSL
have launched this facility for delivering instructions to your DP over Internet, called
SPEED-e and EASI respectively. The facility can be used by all registered users after paying
the applicable charges.

4.17 Lending and borrowing of demat securities

If any person required to deliver a security in the market does not readily have that security,
he can borrow the same from another person who is willing to lend as per the Securities
Lending and Borrowing Scheme.

Lending and borrowing has to be done through an 'Approved Intermediary' registered with
SEBI. The approved intermediary would borrow the securities for further lending to
borrowers. Lenders of the securities and borrowers of the securities enter into separate
agreements with the approved intermediary for lending and borrowing the securities. Lending
and borrowing are affected through the depository system. You can lend your securities
through Approved Intermediaries registered with SEBI.

One can lend his/her demat securities by entering into an agreement with the approved
intermediary to be a lender under this scheme. After that, you may lend securities any time by
submitting lending instruction to your DP.

Intermediary may return the securities at any time or at the end of the agreed period of
lending. Intermediary has to repay the securities together with any benefits received during
the period of the loan.

35
One can receive the corporate benefits which would accrue on these securities during the
period of lending. The benefits will be given to the Intermediary/borrower. However,
whenever the securities are being returned / recalled. Intermediary/borrower will return the
securities together with benefits received.

4.18 PHYSICAL SEGMENT

Change in Name / Status

− All requests for change of name should be accompanied by a copy of the notification in
Official Gazette or a Newspaper.

− Request for change of name consequent upon marriage/divorce should be accompanied

with marriage certificate/divorce decree.

− For effecting change of status from minor to major, please send proof of age (such as
attested copy of Birth Certificate or School Leaving Certificate)

− In the case of limited companies, a certified copy of the Certificate of Incorporation

consequent to Change of Name issued by the Registrar of Companies should be submitted

along with Memorandum & Articles of Association

− The new specimen signature duly attested by holder's banker should be lodged with the

Company to take on record the new signature.

Change of Address

Please inform the R&TA viz Integrated Enterprises (India) Limited immediately if there is
any change in address, quoting Folio No. Duly signed by the main (1st) holder as per
specimen signature recorded with us. This is the reason for which we would advise you not to
send change of address request by mail. If shares are held in demat form, please advise your
DP regarding change of address.

36
Loss of Share Certificates

Any communication to the Company regarding loss of share certificates should always be
signed by the shareholder as per specimen signature registered with the Company,
accompanied by FIR lodged with local police station giving full details of lost certificate(s)
such as certificate(s) Nos., Distinctive Nos. etc.

− Please immediately apply for injunction order in appropriate Court of Law for stopping
transfer, giving full details of Certificate Nos... Distinctive Nos, etc.

− Upon receipt of such communication, the procedure to be followed for obtaining

duplicate share certificates will be advised

4.19 Nomination

Nomination when shares are held in physical form

Nomination will enable smooth inheritance of ownership of the shares by the Nominee
without any procedural difficulties. (Presently, there is no difficulty where shares are
registered in joint names. But if the shares are held in an individual name, addition of a joint
name can only be done as a transfer, involving share transfer form, stamp duty, surrender of
original certificates etc. Following the nomination procedure eliminates all this
inconvenience). Therefore, if shares are held in a single name. with the intention of holding
them for some more time, then please advise nomination immediately without delay

Following Instructions for the Nomination

1. Nomination can be made only by individuals, holding shares on their own behalf singly or
jointly. Non-individuals including society, trust, body corporate, partnership firm, Karta of
Hindu Undivided Family, holder of power of attorney cannot nominate. If the shares are held
jointly, all joint holders must sign the nomination form.

2. A minor can be nominated by a holder of shares and in that event the name and address of
the Guardian must be given by the holder.

37
3. The nominee shall not be a trust, society, body corporate, partnership firm, Karta of Hindu
Undivided Family or a power of attorney holder. A non-resident Indian can be a nominee on
repatriable basis.

4. Nomination will stand cancelled upon transfer of shares.

5. The Company will be fully discharged from its responsibility towards the legal heirs of a
shareholder, if the shares are transmitted as per the nomination filed with the company,
without any further reference to the legal heirs of a deceased individual shareholder(s)

6. Where the space provided in the Form is not sufficient, shareholders are requested to attach
separate sheet(s) giving details of distinctive nos. of shares.

7. The Nomination Form should be filed in duplicate with the Company, who will return one
copy thereof to the shareholder.

8. Although Form 2B as prescribed does not provide for specimen signature of nominee, this
has been suggested in order to facilitate smooth transmission of title to the nominee when the
need arises.

9. Please note that if physical shares are subsequently converted into electronic form, any
nomination already filed will cease to have effect; the nomination details furnished to the
Depository Participant will prevail thereafter.

4.20 ISIN
❖ International Securities Identification Number (ISIN)

Each of the securities dematerialised in the NSDL depository bears a distinctive ISIN an
identification number. International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) is a unique
identification number for each security issued in any of the International Standards
Organisation (ISO) member countries in accordance with the ISIN Standard (ISO 6166). ISO
6166 was developed for use in an international (cross-border) as well as domestic trades.
ISIN is a 12-character long identification mark. It has three components - a pre-fix, a basic
number and a check digit. The pre- fix is a two-letter country code as stated under ISO 3166
(IN for India). The basic number comprises nine alphanumeric characters (letter and/or
digits). The check digit at the end of the ISIN is computed according to the modulus 10
"Double-Add- Double". It establishes that the ISIN is valid.

38
Securities issued by the same company, issued at different times or carrying different rights,
terms and conditions are considered different securities for the purpose of allocating ISIN and
are allotted distinct ISINS. In India, SEBI assigns ISIN to various publicly traded securities.
Different ISINs are allocated to the physical and dematerialised securities of the same issue.

SEBI being the national numbering agency for India has permitted NSDL to allot
international securities identification number (ISIN) for demat shares. The ISINS allotted by
NSDL does not at any point of time breach the uniqueness of ISIN of physical form for the
same security. ISIN for a security is allotted when the security is admitted to NSDL. The
numbering system is simple. The numbering system of ISIN is in compliance with the
structure of ISIN adopted by SEBI.

International Securities Identification Number:

1. Issued by International Standards Organisation (ISO) member countries in accordance with

ISO 6166.

2. ISIN is 12-digit alpha numeric number.

3. It has three components, prefix, basic & check digit.

4. Prefix is a two-letter country code i.e., IN for India.5. The basic number has nine alpha
numeric characters.
6. The last digit is check digit. It ensures the ISIN is valid.

Numbering system of ISIN

The numbering structures for securities in NSDL is of 12-digit alpha numeric string. The first
two characters represent country code i.e., IN (in accordance with ISO 3166). The third
characters represent the issuer type as detailed below:

39
Issuers type

Issuer type code allotted Central government A State government B Municipal

corporation C Union territories D

Company, statutory corporation, E Baking company

Mutual funds including UTI F

The list may be expanded per the needs. Maximum issuer types can be 35 (A to Z and 0 to 8.
the pro-rata dividend shares are identified by 9). The next 4 characters (fourth to seventh
character) represent company identity. The first 3 characters are numeric. The fourth
character is alpha character. The numbering begins with '001A' and continues till '999A and
proceeds to '001B'. the next two characters (the eighth and ninth characters) represent
security type for a given issuer. Both the characters are numeric. The next two characters (the
tenth and eleventh characters) are serially issued for each security of the issuer entering the
system. Last digit is double-add-double check digit.
 40
The Security types are planned which may be expanded as per the need as detailed below: -

Security type code Equity 01 Non-voting equity 02 Convertible preference shares 03

Non-convertible preference shares 04 Mutual fund units -close ended 05 Mutual fund

units-open ended 06 Secured debentures 07 Unsecured debentures 08 Regular return

bonds-promissory notes 09 Floating rate bonds 10

41
Deep discount bonds 11

Step discount bonds 12

Warrants 13

4.21 Growth of Demat account after Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the financial markets, including the
growth of Demat accounts. A Demat account is an electronic account used to hold and trade
securities in a paperless format.

During the pandemic, many people turned to investing as a way to earn additional income
and protect their finances from economic uncertainty. This led to an increase in the number of
Demat accounts being opened.
According to data from the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL), the number of
Demat accounts in India increased by over 10 million in 2020. This growth can be attributed
to a variety of factors, including increased interest in the stock market, availability of online
trading platforms, and the ease of opening a Demat account from the comfort of one's home.

In addition to the increase in the number of Demat accounts, the value of investments held in
these accounts also increased during the pandemic. This was largely due to the strong
performance of the stock market in the latter half of 2020 and into 2021.

Overall, the growth of Demat accounts after Covid-19 can be seen as a positive development
for the Indian financial system. It reflects increased interest in investing and a greater

42
adoption of technology in the financial sector. However, investors should always be cautious
and informed when making investment decisions, especially during times of uncertainty.
 43
CHAPTER – 5

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DEMAT ACCOUNT VS

TRADING ACCOUNT

If you are considering stock market investment as one of the investment tools, you have to
start by understanding the fundamentals of this investment instrument. Two most important
aspects of stock market trading are demat account and trading account.

Demat account: Demat account is just like the saving account that allows you to hold
shares in electronic format. A demat account converts physical shares into electronic
share, thus dematerializing your shares. Demat account holds your securities like share
certificates and other documents in electronic format. You get a unique demat account
number to settle your trades. Demat accounts allow you to credit or debit the stocks that
you buy or sell. You can open demat account at zero shares, which is like opening up a
savings account with zero balance.

Trading accounts : Trading accounts are different than demat accounts, but demat and
trading accounts are closely related to each other. The trading account helps you perform
stock trading activities. You need a trading account so that you can trade the stocks that are
listed by the company on a stock exchange using an electronic system. This electronic
system is known as a trading account. You get a unique trading ID when you register with a
stockbroker or a firm that allows you to conduct trading transactions.

We will now discuss the differences between a demat account and a trading account.

Difference between demat account and trading account

Demat account and trading accounts are somewhere related to each other. There are many
other differences that you need to remember about the trading account and demat account.
These differences are based on factors like functionality, nature, and the role of these
accounts.
 44
∙ Functionality of demat and trading accounts

One major difference between demat and trading accounts is the function they perform.
Demat account allows the investors to keep their financial instruments like share certificates
or stocks in electronic format. You also get an option to where you can change your
securities from electronic format to physical format.

On the other hand, trading accounts are used for buying and selling your securities by
getting the stocks debited from your demat account and sold it in the market.

∙ Nature of demat and trading accounts

Trading accounts link your bank account and demat account. It is like your current bank
account. The trading account helps you sell your shares in the market by withdrawing it
from the demat account. It also links your demat account to the bank account, which helps
you in buying the shares you intended to.

Demat account, on the other hand, is like your banks saving account. Here you store your
stocks and shares in the electronic format. It also reflects the buy-and-sell transaction of
your account, just like the debit and credit functions of your account.

∙ Role of Demat and Trading Accounts

Although demat and trading accounts look so different, you cannot complete a trade
without knowing about demat and trading accounts. Trading accounts help you buy the
shares of any company. The money used to buy these shares is debited from your bank
accounts and the credited shares are reflected in your demat account.

At the same time, when you sell your shares from your trading account, the shares are
debited from your demat account and the money is credited in your bank accounts through
trading accounts. It is safe to say that you cannot start or end a stock trade without having a
demat account and trading account.

45
 Demat Account Trading Account

Function Demat account helps you to Trading account allows you to engage
keep securities like equities and in trading of equities. You can
equity derivatives in electronic purchase and sell your equities from
format. trading accounts.

Nature A demat account is quite similar Trading account is like the current
to savings account where you banks account. When you link this
can keep your securities in account with your demat account,
electronic format. All the you can carry out trades
transactions you make in the successfully.
trading account like sell or
purchase gets reflected in the
demat account as credit or
debit.

Role Demat account is an You can see all your trading

electronic repository that
holds your
securities. This account reflects
the amount you invested in
shares and stocks and other
equity
derivatives.
transactions in this account in a flow,
just like you see the transactions in
your passbook. It enables you to sell
and buy your shares which are
reflected in your demat account.

Table 1: Differences between Demat Account and Trading Account

Can you have a demat account without a trading account?

Demat accounts, as we have already discussed, focuses on allowing you to hold your shares
in electronic format. Therefore, we can safely say that you can always have a demat account
without a trading account. Now the question arises if that is the case, why do you need
trading accounts? It is simple. Trading accounts, as the name suggests, helps you to
 46
trade the shares in your demat account. The best example of demat accounts without
trading accounts is when you buy IPOs.

Initial Public Offerings (IPO) are shares that are issued by a company when it is about to get
listed on the stock market for raising public revenue. If you invest in IPOs and only intend to
hold these shares, a demat account is perfectly fine and you won‟t need a trading account.
So, you can always have a demat account without a trading account.

Can you have a trading account without demat account?

There are many investment drivers like shares, futures, options, and so on. When it comes to
having a trading account without a demat account, the answer is yes and no.

You can have a trading account without a demat account when you are dealing with futures
and options. In India, futures and options are settled via cash and do not result in delivery. In
contrast, you cannot have a trading account without demat account if you are dealing with
equities. The equity market is subject to SEBI rules and it recommends you to have both
trading and demat account. The reason being, demat account is supposed to hold your shares
you buy in the market in electronic format. You do not need a demat-trading interface for
IPOs, RBI Bonds, and Gold bonds.

How to start trading with demat account?

We have now understood the difference between demat and trading account, now you can
go ahead and start trading. But, if you don‟t know the first thing about trading, this small
guide will help you understand the way to trade with demat account.

∙ First, you must find a reputable company that will help you open a demat account with
them. It is recommended that you open the demat account with a reputable company
because they offer you premium services at simplified pricing. Most companies
nowadays help you get a technology-enabled free demat account.
 47
∙ You can now link your trading account to your demat account. Both the accounts can
be in different companies, but it is recommended that you try and use the same
company for ease of operations and purpose.
∙ To start trading, you should place an order for your preferred shares through a trading
account. You can directly buy it from your app-based trading platform, or your
assigned agent will help you choose the share for you.

∙ Once you placed the order, it is processed after your details and demat account
details are verified.

∙ As soon as your order is processed, the shares will be credited or debited based on
your demat account. It is done, as simple as it sounds.

Do you need demat account to invest in mutual funds?

You don‟t need a demat account to deal in mutual funds. Demat accounts or questions like
this confuse new investors and therefore, sometimes lead to delay in mutual fund investment.
Rather, you can now invest in mutual funds directly through an asset management company,
banks, or various third-party portals. The only two things mandatory for mutual fund
investments are KYC compliance and a bank account.

Demat and trading account charges

There are different charges for demat and trading accounts that you need to pay while you
open these accounts. There are different charges like Annual Maintenance Charges (AMC)
and it differs from one service provider to other, known as Depository Participant.

∙ Demat account opening charges

Most depository participants offer zero opening charges fees, but that is not the case with
all of them. Zero charges are applicable for only new accounts.
Annual maintenance charges (AMC)

48
AMCs are minimal and varies according to different broking houses. Some broking houses
may charge you upfront from the year you start your demat account, and some others may
waive off the first-year fees and start charging you from the second year

∙ Transaction and custodial fees

There are custodial fees that are imposed by the depositories which are paid by the
company itself to the depositories. Other charges that you may have to pay are per
transaction fees or brokerage charges. A certain percentage needs to be paid every time
you complete a security transaction from your demat account.

We have compared the demat account and trading accounts for everyone who is new or did
not know about the different accounts you need to opt-in for trading shares. These differences
will help you understand the stock market in a much better way. So, if you were waiting for
your chance to start trading in the stock market, here it is, go ahead and make some profits.
 49
CHAPTER 6

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Q1. Do you know about Demat account?

Do you know NO of responses Percentage
about Demat
account?

Yes 51 87.9%
No 7 12.1%
Total 58 100%

Interpretation:
The above data depicts that among 58 respondents, majority i.e. 87.9%
responded Yes and the remaining 12.1% responded No which gives us a
better understanding of respondents having knowledge Demat account

50
Q2. Do you currently have a Demat account?
 Do you currently NO of responses Percentage
have a Demat
account?

Yes 30 50.8%

No 29 49.2%

Total 59 100%

Interpretation:
The above data depicts that among 59 respondents, majority i.e. 49.2%
responded Yes and the remaining 50.8% responded No which tells that how
many of them currently have a Demat account.

51
Q3. What is the purpose of opening a Demat account?
 .What is the NO of responses Percentage
purpose of
opening a Demat
account?

Investing in the 12 20.3%

stock market

Trading in the 6 10.2%

stock market

Both investing and 41 69.5%

trading

Total 59 100%

Interpretation:
The above Pie chart depicts that among 59 respondents, majority of
respondents i.e. 69.5% have opened demat account for investing and trading
both and 20.3% and 10.2% specifically for investing and trading in the stock
market.

52
Q4. What is your occupation?

What is your NO of responses Percentage

occupation?

Salaried 14 23.7%
 Self - employed 3 5.1%
professional

Business owner 6 10.2%

Student 36 61%
Total 59 100%

Interpretation: 5.1% 10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 59 respondents, majority of

respondents i.e.61% are students, 23.7% are salaried employee, 10.2% are
business owner and 5.1% are self-employed professionals

53
Q5. which online platform you use for trading?

What is your NO of responses Percentage

occupation?

Upstocks 17 29.8%
Groww 20 35.1%
Angel one 10 17.5%
 Other 10 17.6%
Total 57 100%

Interpretation:
5.1% 10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 57 respondents, majority of respondents i.e.
35.1% use Groww,29.8% use Upstox ,17.5% use Angel one and remaining 17.6% use
Zerodha, HDFC Bank, Prudent Corporate, Motilal and ICICI Direct.

54
Q6. What is the primary reason for holding a Demat account?

What is the NO of responses Percentage

primary reason for
holding a Demat
account?

Investing in stocks 35 62.5%

Investing in mutual 10 17.9%
 funds

Trading in 6 10.7%
derivatives

Other 5 8.9%

Total 56 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 56 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e. 62.5% use demat account for investing in stocks, 17.9% for
investing in mutual funds ,
10.7% to trade in derivatives and remaining 8.9% use for other various reasons.

55
Q7. Have you faced any issues with your Demat account in the past year?

Have you faced any issues NO of responses Percentage

with your Demat account
in the past year?
 Yes 6 10.3%
NO 36 62.1%
MAY BE 16 27.6%
Total 58 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 59 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e. 62.1% responded No which means that they haven‟t faced
any issues, 27.6% responded
Maybe which means that may have faced some issues and remaining 10.3% responded Yes
which means that have faced issues in the past year.

56
Q8. Which bank account details you used for linking with the Demat
account?

Which bank account details NO of responses Percentage

you used for linking with
the Demat account?

Saving account 42 73.7%

 Current account 8 14%

NRE/ NRO 3 5.3%

account

Other 4 7.1%

Total 57 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 57 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e. 73.7% linked saving account , 14% linked current account,
5.3% linked NRE/NRO
account and remaining 7.1% linked other account.

57
Q9. What is your trading experience in stock market ?

What is your trading NO of responses Percentage

experience in stock market ?

No experience 23 39%
Beginner (less then 25 42.4%
1 year)

Intermediate (1-3) 9 15.3%

 Advanced (more 2 3.4%
then 3 years)

Total 59 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 59 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e. 42.4% are beginners (less than 1 year) , 39% respondents
have no experience, 15.3%
respondents have experience of 1-3 years (intermediate) and 3.4% are advanced (more than 3
years) experience.

58
Q10. What is your investment objective in the stock market?

What is your investment NO of responses Percentage

objective in the stock

market?

Capital 14 24.1%
appreciation

Regular income 19 32.8%

 Both capital 22 37.9%
appreciation and
regular income

Other 3 5.1%

Total 58 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 58 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e. 37.9% respondents invest in stock market for capital
appreciation and regular income,
32.8% respondents invest in stock market to earn regular income, 24.1% respondents invest
only for capital appreciation and remaining 5.1% invest due to other reasons.

59
Q11. What is your trading frequency ?

What is your trading NO of responses Percentage

frequency ?

Daily 7 12.3%

Weekly 7 12.3%
 Monthly 17 29.8%

Occasional 26 45.6%

Total 57 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 57 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e.45.6% respondents trade occasionally, 29.8% respondents
trade monthly, 12.3%
respondents have same trading frequency i.e. weekly and daily.

60
Q12. What is your familiarity with stock Market regulations ?

What is your familiarity NO of responses Percentage

with stock Market
regulations ?
 High familiarity 8 14%
Moderate 25 43.9%
familiarity

Low familiarity 24 42.1%

Total 57 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 57 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e. 43.9% respondents are moderately familiar with stock
market regulations, 42.1%
respondents low familiarity and remaining 14% respondents are highly familiar with stock
market regulations.

61
Q13. What is your preferred investment sector ?

What is your preferred NO of responses Percentage

investment sector ?

Banking and 23 40.4%

financial services
 Information 9 15.8%
technology

Health care 12 21.1%

Consumer goods 11 19.3%

Other 2 3.6%

Total 57 100%

Interpretation:
5.1%10.2%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 57 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e. 40.4% invest in banking and financial service sectors, 21.1%
invest in health care sector,
19.3% invest in consumer goods, 15.8% invest in information technology and remaining
invest in other different sectors.

62
Q14. What is your preferred investment style ?

What is your preferred NO of responses Percentage

investment style ?
 Value investing 15 25.9%

Dividend Investing 13 22.4%

Growth investing 27 46.6%

Other 3 5.1%

Total 58 100%

Interpretation: 10.2%

5.1%

The above Pie chart depicts that among 59 respondents, majority of respondents
i.e.46.6% respondents prefer growth investing, 25.9% respondents prefer value investing,
22.4% respondents prefer dividend investing and remaining 5.1% prefer other investment
style.

63
CHAPTER – 7

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Demat accounts have revolutionized the way securities are held and traded in
India. They have brought numerous benefits to investors, including reduced risk of physical
loss or damage of securities, faster and more secure settlement of trades, reduced transaction
costs, and increased transparency and accountability in the trading system. However, there
are also challenges associated with Demat accounts, such as high account opening charges
and maintenance fees, and lack of awareness among investors about their benefits.
Nevertheless, the use of Demat accounts is likely to increase in the future, driven by
technological advancements, the growing number of investors in the Indian capital market,
and the need for a more efficient and secure trading system. Overall, Demat accounts have
had a significant impact on the Indian capital market, leading to an increase in trading
volumes, greater market depth, and liquidity, and facilitating the integration of Indian capital
markets with the global markets.
 64
CHAPTER -8
Bibliography
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demat_account 2.
https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/demat
account/what-is-demat-account
3. https://www.motilaloswal.com/blog-details/what-are-the
disadvantages-of-having-a-demat-account/20167 4.
https://www.slideshare.net/hemanthcrpatna/a-project
report-on-awareness-and-accessing-behavior-of-demat
account
5. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8b3f/42e23f4f6f91b1044dfa
815c53ce786a2774.pdf
6. https://www.slideshare.net/hemanthcrpatna/a-project
report-on-demat-account-at-unicon-securities-pvt-ltd 7.
http://shodh.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/3429/3/03_
review%20of%20litreature.pdf
BOOKS
1. Barua, S K; Raghunathan, V and Varma, J R (1994), "Research on the Indian
Capital Market: A Review," Vikalpa, 19(1), 15-31.
2. Bakshi, Gurdip S and Chen, Zhiwu (1994), Baby Boom, Population Aging, and
Capital Markets," Journal of Business, 67(2), 165-202.
3. Tripathi, P S (1994), "Indian Capital Markets: The Changing Scenario,"
Finance India, 8(4), 955-960.
4. Class ens, Stijn; Dasgupta, Susmita and Glen, Jack (1994), "Return Behaviour
in Emerging Stock Markets," The World Bank Economic Review, 9(1), 131-
151.
 65

❖ ANNEXURE

DEMAT ACCOUNT
Hello everyone,
I, VINAYAK RAKESH RANE a student of Nava Samaj Mandal
Degree College of Commerce, Vile Parle. I am currently doing a
research on "DEMAT ACCOUNT for my T.Y.B.A.F. project.
I kindly request you'll to fill in the survey as it would be of great
help in completing my research. The results will be used for
academic purpose only and it will be kept confidential.
I would be thankful if you could forward this survey to your
family and friends. Your response will be highly appreciated.
For any doubts regarding the survey you may contact:-
ranevinayak100@gmail.com

❖ QUESTIONS

1. Do you know about Demat account?

∙ Yes

∙ No

2. Do you currently have a Demat account?

∙ Yes

∙ No

3. What is the purpose of opening a Demat account?

∙ Investing in the stock market

∙ Trading in the stock market

 ∙ Both investing and trading Other:

66
4. What is your occupation?

∙ Salaried employee

∙ self-employed professional

∙ Business owner

∙ student

5. which online platform you use for trading?

∙ Upstocks

∙ Groww

∙ Angel one

∙ Other

6. What is the primary reason for holding ?

∙ Investing in stocks

∙ Investing in mutual funds

∙ Trading in derivatives

∙ Other

7. Have you faced any issues with your Demat account in the past year?

∙ Yes

∙ No

∙ Maybe

8. What is your bank account details for linking with the Demat account?
 ∙ Saving account

∙ Current account

∙ NRE/NRO account

∙ Other

9. What is your trading experience in stock market?

∙ No experience

∙ Beginner (less then 1year)

∙ Intermediate (1-3)

∙ Advanced (more than 3 years)

67
10. What is your investment objective in the stock

market? ∙ Capital appreciation

∙ Regular income

∙ Both capital appreciation and regular income ∙

Other:
11. What is your trading frequency?

∙ Daily

∙ Weekly

∙ monthly

∙ occasional

12. What is your familiarity with stock Market

 regulations? ∙ High familiarity

∙ Moderate familiarity

∙ Low familiarity

13. What is your preferred investment

sector? ∙ Banking and financial services

∙ Information technology

∙ Health Care

∙ consumer goods

∙ Other:

14. What is your preferred investment style?

∙ Value investing

∙ Dividend investing

∙ Growth investing

∙ Other

68