Theology 2
JESUS AS PORTRAYED IN THE
GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN
 I AM THE LIGHT OF THE
WORLD(John 8:12-14)
 Jesus spoke to them
again, “I am the Light of
the world; the one who
follows me will not walk
in darkness, but will have
light and life.” The
Pharisees replied, “Now
you are speaking on your
own behalf, your
testimony is worthless.”
Then Jesus said , “Even
though I bear witness to
my self, my testimony is
true, for I know where I
have come from and
where I am going. But
you do not know ere I
came from or where I am
going.”
 INTRODUCTION: Jesus
Christ our Lord
continuously dispenses
grace for His people
especially in the
Sacraments. The
primordial Sacrament is
Jesus and through the
ministers of the Church,
the invisible graces are
dispensed to be visible in
order that the words and
actions of Jesus that are
salvific continue to be
prepared and announced.
• JOHN’S JESUS:
* Jesus as the pre-existent and
incarnate Word of God was
revealed by the Father to us as
“Word Made Flesh” according to
John.
* He points out that Jesus is the
Lamb of God and people follow Him
because He is the Promised
Messiah.
* In John also Jesus cleanses the
temple early in His ministry.
CONTENTS OF THE
GOSPEL NARRATIVES IN
JOHN:
The Gospel’s word for the
wondrous deeds of Jesus is
narrated in a series of “signs”
1. First Sign – Miracle at
Cana
The transformation of water into
wine
(John 2: 1-11)
2. Second Sign - Cure of the royal
official’s son (Jn. 4, 46-54)Meaning:
Signifies the powerful and life-
giving Word of Jesus at a distance.
3. Third Sign – Cure of the
Paralized Man at the five porticos
(Ch. 5)
Meaning: Continues outpouring of
water; water offers newness of life
just like the woman at the well in
Samaria where Jesus offered living
water that wells up to eternal life.
4. Fourth Sign - Multiplication of
the loaves of bread and the walking
on the waters of the Sea Of Galilee
(Ch. 6)
Meaning: These signs are related
to the manna and the crossing of
the Red Sea. The Passover
narrative symbolizes a new exodus.
The bread of life in the
multiplication of the bread is a
revelation of God in Jesus and the
Eucharist.
5. Fifth Sign – Young man born
blind
(Ch. 9)
Meaning: Proclaims the victory of
light over darkness, the Light of the
World is Jesus. This s a symbolic
cure of spiritual blindness.
6. The raising of Lazarus (Chap. 11
– climax of all signs.)
Meaning: Lazarus is presented as a
mirror of Jesus’ own Resurrection
and Life. Jesus will be put to death
due to giving life to Lazarus and
those who believe in Jesus will be
raised from death.
• The Hour of Jesus has
come to a reality of His
Passion, Death and
Resurrection and Life.
• The whole Gospel of John
is a revelation of the
progressive realization of
the glory of the Son of
God who comes to reveal
the love of the Father and
return to the Father in
glory.
THE PURPOSE OF THE GOSPEL
OF ST. JOHN:
• “If you believe that Jesus
is the Messiah, the Son of
God, in His name you may
have life.” THAT THEY
ALL MAY BE ONE . (Jn.
17:21) Jesus’ prayer for
this people is to have the
actualization of unity.
• Jesus’ supreme testimony
of unity is His great bond
of love with the Father
expressed and actualized
in His obedience.
• John presents to us that
Jesus the only Son of
God. He is the Word
made Flesh and lived
among us.
• Jesus is the promised
Messiah; this exposed in
the Gospel of John
through the symbolism of
Jesus’ words and His
actions. John wants us to
know by heart and
believe that Jesus is our
personal Lord and Savior.
DRRR
 Geological Hazard
-Natural processes or phenomena
that may cause loss of life or injury,
property damage, social and
economic disruption.
- earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic
eruption, lava or mudflow,
landslide, sinkholes, are Geologic or
Tectonic Hazards
 Earthquake
-is a vibration of the ground
produced by a sudden release of
energy due to disturbance of the
stability of the rock masses beneath
the earth’s
-When there is a fault
“Displacements of strata of the
same rock have clearly taken place,
either vertically or horizontally
according to B.A Bolt(1978)
-A simple definition was given by
L.C Pakiser(1979) (movement with
respect).A fracture in the earth’s
crust along which two blocks of the
crust have slipped with respected
to each, that is one block moved
Horizontally in one direction while
the block facing it moved in the
opposite direction.
Earthquake Theories
 Plate tectonics theory
-The theory of plate
tectonics is generally
accepted as the
explanation why
earthquakes occur.
 According to his theory,
the earth’s outer layer,
called the lithosphere, is
broken into large and
small plates that are
floating on a hot and
plastic asthenosphere.
Elastic Rebound Theory
-triggering mechanism
-slippage of rocks
A-pre-existing fault
B-fault system is being subjected.
C-strain or new state of equilibrium
TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES:
Tectonic Earthquake
-ground vibrations produced by
energy released
Volcanic Earthquake
-associated with volcanic activity
Plate Boundaries
-crucial role
Oceanic-Continental Convergence
-oceanic plate subducts under
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
-two oceanic plates converge
-older oceanic plate is colder
Continental-Continental
Convergence
-two continents meet head-on
Divergence
-along spreading centers
Tsunami
-Japanese term “tsu” means harbor
and “name” means wave
-has a very long wavelength
GENERAL ADVERSE EFFECTS:
-destruction of houses, buildings,
roads, bridges and critical facilities
-trees
-saltwater
-alteration of the configuration
-food shortage
SIGNS AND WARNINGS:
-tsunamis warning
-tsunami watch
-tsunami advisory

notes: Seafloor Spreading

Seismology- Study of Seismic waves -proposed by an American geologist
earthquake. military officer, Harry Hess in 1960s

Seismologist- who study the Robert S. Dietz

seismic waves earthquake. -first coined the seafloor spreading

Seismic tomography- the process World War II

use of studying seismic waves. -conducted into echo surrounding

Seismograph- the instrument use Arthur Holmes

of studying seismic waves. -English geologist in the 1930s

Focus- the location of earthquake. Seafloor Spreading

Fault line- the direction way of an
earthquake.
Magnitude- the level of strength of
the earthquake. The highest
magnitude level
-created as mid-ocean
-Pacific Ocean basin
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BOUNDARIES:
Convergent Boundaries
-come together “destructive plate
boundary.”

is 8. Divergent Boundaries
Intensity- the impact/damage -spread apart
-pull away

Transform Boundaries
-slide against each other
-“conservative boundary”
Personal Development
Adolescence-period when a young
individual develops from a child
into an adult.
-period of development that begins
of puberty and ends at emerging
adulthood.
Changes that can happen to an
adolescent:
 How you look
 how you take your role in
the community
 how other people expect
you in making decisions
on your own
 how you perceive
yourself
“We have the product of our own
experiences”
-Unknown
Self-Esteem
-your evaluation of your own
worth.
Self-Efficacy
-your desire to influence something
specific. It’s a self-confidence in
your ability to attain your most
significant goal.
Albert Bandura
-a professor and psychologist
Five (5) different ways that
influenced self-efficacy
1. Performance Experiences
-if you are good at achieving your
specific goal, then you probably
think that you will achieve it again.
When the opposite happens, if you
fail, you will often think that you
will fail again.
2. Vicarious Performances
- If others achieved their goal or
specific task, then you’ll come to
believe that you will also achieve
your goal.
3. Verbal Persuasion
-it is when people tell you whether
they believe or not on what you can
do or cannot do. The effect of your
self-efficacy will depend on how
that person matters to you.
4. Imaginal Performance
-When you imagine yourself doing
well, then it will happen.
5. The Affective states and physical
sensations
-if your mood or emotional and
physical state cone together, it will
affect yourself efficacy. If negative
mood connects with negative
physical sensation, the result will be
negative , And it is positive , most
likely the result will be positive.
(3) Categories of how we reflect
to improve ourselves:
1. Self as Social Actor
-we are portraying different roles
and behaving for every type/set of
the people in front of us since we
all care about what people think
about us.
2. Self as Motivated Agent
-people act based on their purpose
3. Self as Autographical Author
-She/he as the creator of his/her
own entire life story.
(6) Six Steps on how to make a
Rational Decision.
1. Define the Problem
-select your most desired course
2. Identify the criteria necessary to
judge the multiple options.
-list things to be considered like
location, facilities, prestige, etc.
3. Weight the criteria
-rank the criteria based on its
importance to you.
4. Generate alternates
-generate alternatives
5. Rate each alternative on each
criterion
-rate each school on the criteria
you have identified
6. Compute the optimal decision
-who you are, what you do been
though are ultimate reasons why
you are ultimate reasons why you
are unique from others.
Aspects of Development;
1. Physical Self
2. Intellectual Self
3. Emotional Self
4. Sensual Self
5. Interactional Self
6. Nutritional Self
7. Contextual Self
8. Spiritual Self or Life Force
CBT ( Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
)
-The relationship between our
thoughts, feelings , and behaviors.
Thoughts
-words that run through your mind.
They’re the things you tell yourself
about what is going on around you.
-there are many different thoughts
you could have about single
situation.
Feelings
-feelings come and go as different
things happen to you, you might
feel happy, sad , and all in one day
Actions
-the things you do, or the way you
behave.
DEVELOPMENT TASKS AND
CHALLENGES OF ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence
-period of development that begins
of puberty and ends at emerging
adulthood.
Developmental
-as relating to the process of
growing or changing into a more
advance , larger and stronger form.
Challenges
-test’s a persons ability
JOHN SANTROCK’S 8 -time for adjustment to decreasing make you noted
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES WITH strength and health , life review to integrity and
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS and adjustment to new social roles strong personal
rules.
Prenatal Period
-development happens quickly Robert J. Haughust Development
during this stage. Task during adolescence
-Time between conception and 1. Learning to get along with friends
birth of both sexes.
-divided into 3 stages; 2. Accepting one’s physical body
 germinal and keeping it healthy.
 embryonic 3. Becoming more self-sufficient.
 fetal 4.Making decisions about marriage
and family life.
Infancy Period 5.Preparing for a job or career.
-birth to 18-24 months time of 6. Acquiring a set of values to guide
extreme dependence on adults. behavior.
-many psychological activity are just 7. Becoming socially responsible.
beginning.
To Ponder!
Early Childhood “A successful persons take full
-end of infancy to 5-6 year old responsibility of their actions”
(preschool years )
-young children learn to become
more self-sufficient and care for
themselves , develop school
readiness skills and spend many Building blocks of
hours in play with peers. responsibility(Feiden,1991)
1. A strong sense of self-
esteem
Middle & Late childhood  -according to
-6-11 years (elem school years) Feiden (1991),
-fundamental skills of reading , the most
writing ,and important
arithmetic are matured. building block
-child is formally to larger world of a
and it’s culture responsibility is
high self-
Adolescence esteem ,w/c
-10 -12 yrs old to 18-22 yrs old should be a
-begins with rapid physical changes positive belief
-thought is more logical , abstract & in oneself.
being children
2. The opportunity for
Early Adulthood empathy
-late teens or early 20s & 30s  -It is the ability
-time of establishing personal & to put oneself in
economic independence, career another’s shoes
development , selecting a mate , so that u
learning to live w/someone in an understand
intimate way , stating a family & what he or she
caring children. is going though.

Middle Adulthood 3 .Knowing right from

-40 t0 60 years old time of wrong.
expanding  -being
personal & social involvement & responsible
responsibility means abiding
-assisting next generation in w/ what is right
becoming competent & match avoiding what is
individuals , reading & maintaining wrong.
satisfaction in a career.
4. Developing good
Late Adulthood judgment
-60’s and above  -Your Ability to
make decisions

"TEKSTONG IMPORMATIBO"
Ano nga ba ang Tekstong
Impormatibo?
-Tekstong Impormatibo ay isang
uri ng pagpapahayag na ang
layunin
-makapagbigay ng
impormasyon. Naglalahad ito ng
malinaw napaliwanag sa
paksang tinalakay.
-Sinasagot nito ang mga tanong
na ano, kailan, saan, sino at
paano. Sa ibang terminolohiya,
tinatawag din itong "ekspositori".
-Dahil layunin nitong maghatid
ng tiyak na impormasyon, dapat
ito ay madaling unawain. sa
pagsulat ng tekstong
impormatibo, ang mga
manunulat ay gumagamit ng
iba't-ibang pantulong upang
magabayan ang mga
mambabasa para mas mabilis
nilangmaunawaan ang
impormasyon.
- Ang ilan sa halimbawa ng mga
pantulong ay talaan ng
nilalaman, index at glosaryo.
Maari ding gumamit ang mga
manunulat ng mga larawan,
ilustrasyon, kapsyon, graph at
talahanayan.
Gaano ba kahalaga ang
tekstong impormatibo?
 Nakatutulong itong
hasain ang ating
kaisipan tungkol sa
mgabagay,
pangyayario isyung
panlipunan nagaganap
sa atingkapaligiran.
Napapatalas din nito ang iba
pang kakayahang pangwika
katuladna pagbabasa,
pagsusuri, pagpapakahulugan at
marami pang iba.
Iba’t-ibang uri ng tekstong
Impormatibo
1.Sanhi at Bunga
-ito ay isang uring tekstong
impormatibo nanagpapakita na
pagkakaugnay na mga
panayayari at kung anoang
pwedeng resulta o naging
resulta nito.
-Pokus nito ang tanong na "Bakit
nangyari ang mga bagay,"
atkung ano and naging resulta
nito.
Halimbawa:
•Pagkaubos ng yamang dagat
sa Aria.
•Mga dahilan ng hindi pagbasa
ng modyul ng mga mag-aaral sa
SHS.
2.Pagbibigay Depinisyon
- sa ganitong uri na tekstong
impormatibo, ipinapaliwanag ng
manunulat and kahulugan ng
isang salita, terminolohiya, o
konsepto.
3.Paghahambing
-ito ay nagpapakita ng
pagkakaiba o pagkakatuladsa
pagitan ngkahit anong bagay,
konsepto, at magingpangyayari.
4.Paglilista ng klasipikasyong
- ito ang malawak na paksa ay
hinahati sa iba’t-ibang kategorya
upang magkaroon ng sistema
ang talakayan.
TEKSTONG
DESKRIPTIBO:MAKULAY
NAPAGLALARAWAN
Kahulugan at Layunin
ngTekstong Deskriptibo
-Ang tekstong deskriptibo ay
may layuning maglarawan ng
isang bagay, tao, lugar,
karanasan,sitwasyon, at iba pa.
-Ang uri ng sulating ito ay
nagpapaunladsa kakayahan ng
mag-aaral na bumuo at
maglarawan ng isang partikular
na karanasan.
- Sa isang tekstong naratibo,
pinatitingkad ng mahusay na
paglalarawan ang kulay ng isang
lugar kung saan nangyayari ang
kuwento.
- Ipinakikilala nito ang hitsura,
ugali, at disposisyon ng mga
tauhan.
- Sa isang prosidyural na teksto,
natitiyak din ng mambabasa ang
hitsura, katangian, at kalikasan
ng yaring produkto sa
pamamagitan ng deskripsyon.
- Pinatatatag ng paglalarawan
ang anomang porma ng sulatin
kung mahusay at angkop ang
pagkagamit nito.
-Samakatuwid,mahalagang
gamit ng deskripsyon
angpagkuha sa atensyon ng
mambabasa upang
maipaliwanag ang oryentasyon
ng isang malikhaing akda.
Katangian ng Tekstong
Deskriptibo
 Ang tekstong
deskriptibo ay may
isang malinaw at
pangunahing
impresyon na nililikha
sa mga mambabasa.
 Ang tekstong
naratibo ay madaring
maging obhetibo o
suhetibo, at madari
ding magbigay ng
pagkakataon sa
manunulat na gumamit
ng iba't ibang tono at
paraan
sapaglalarawan.
 Ang obhetibong
paglalarawan ay mga
direktang pagpapakita
ng katangiang
makatotohanan at
dimapasusubalian.
Halimbawa;kung  ilalarawan  ang is
ang  kaibigan, maaaring  ibigay  ang 
taas,  haba ng buhok, kulay ng bal
at, o kursong kinukuha. 
 Ang subhetibong
deskripsyon naman ay
madaring kapalooban
ng matatalinghagang
paglalarawan at
naglalaman ng
personal na
persepsiyon o kung ano
ang nararamdaman ng
manunulat sa
inilalarawan.
Halimbawa;maaaring ilarawan an
g kaibigan bilanghingahan  ng  sam
a ng loob, madalas  na  nakapagpa
pagaan ng suliranin, o kaya
ay bukas na libro sa lahat dahil  sa 
maingay  at
liberal nitongkatangian.
-Ang tekstong deskriptibo ay
mahalagang maging espisipiko
at maglaman ng mga konkretong
detalye.Ang pangunahing
layunin nito ay ipakita at
iparamdam sa mambabasa ang
bagay o anomang paksa na
inilalarawan.
TEKSTONG PERSUWEYSIB
KAHULUGAN NG TEKSTONG
PERSUWEYSIB
Ang tekstong persuweysib ay
isang uri ng dipiksiyon na
pagsulat upang kumbinsihin ang
mga mambabasa na sumang-
ayon sa
manunulat hinggil sa isang isyu.
Ang manunulat ay naglalahad ng
iba't ibang impormasyon at
katotohanan upang suportanan
ang isang opinyon gamit ang
argumentatibong estilo ng
pagsulat.
dapat pagkatiwalaan ng pangyayari, totoo man o hindi.
tagapakinig ang Maaring ang salaysay ay
tagapagsalita, o ng personal na naranasan ng
mambabasa ang nagkukuwento, batay sa tunay
manunulat. na pangyayari o kathang-isip
lamang.
2.LOGOS Maaari ding ang paksa ng
o ang opinyon o
salaysay ay nakabatay sa tunay
na daigdig o pantasya lamang.
lohikal
napagmamatu • Ang tekstong naratibo ay
wid ng nagkukuwento ng mga serye ng
manunulat/ pangyayari na maaaring piksiyon
tagapagsalita (nobela, maikling kuwento, tula)
o di-piksiyon (memoir,

LAYUNIN NG TEKSTONG
o salitang
biyograpiya, balita, malikhaing
sanaysay).
PERSUWEYSIB Griyego na
• Nakaasa sa argumentatibong Logos ay • Kapuwa gumagamit ito ng
tipo ng pagpapahayag ang tumutukoy sa wikang puno ng imahinasyon,
tekstong persuweysib, ngunit sa pangangatwir nagpapahayag ng emosyon, at
halip na magpakita lamang ng an na kumakasangkapan ng iba't ibang
mga argumento, layon nitong nagangahulug imahen, metapora, at simbolo
sumang-ayon ang mambabasa ang upang maging malikhain ang
at mapakilos ito tungo sa isang nanghihikayat katha.
layinin. gamit ang
lohikal na
• Sa ilang pagkakataon, kaalaman o Mga Elemento ng Tekstong
inilalahad ng manunulat ang may katwiran Naratibo
mga impormasyon sa dalawang ba ang
panig ng argumento. Ginagawa sinasabi
upang
1. Paksa
ito upang bigyan ng
pagkakataon ang mga mahikayat
ang
2. Estruktura
mambabasa na pag-isipan ang
dalawang panig, at upang agad tagapakinigku
ng ito ba ay
3. Oryentasyon
na masagot ng manunulat ang
mga posibleng argumento na totoo. 4. Pamamaraan ng
lilitaw sa isip ng mambabasa Narasyon
habang inuunawa ang teksto. 3. PATHOS
o emosyon ng 5. Komplikasyon o
Halimbawa; sa panghihikayat mambabasa/ Tunggalian
ng mga gumagawa ng 1skrip sa tagapakinig
patalastas. layunin nilang bilhin 6. Resolusyon
ng mamimili angprodukto o o ito ay
serbisyong ibinibenta Layunin tumatalakay 1.Paksa
naman ng mga politikal na sa emosyon o - Pumili ng paksang
kampanya na iboto ang isang damdamin ng mahalaga
tiyak na mambabasa o atEstrukturamakabuluh
tagapakinig. an. Kahit na nakabatay
Uri: Tekstong Naratibo:Mahusay na sa personal
Ayon kay Aristotle, may Pagkukuwento nakaranasan ang
tatlong elemento ang kuwentong nais
panghihikayat Apat na uri ng diskurso: isalaysay, mahalaga pa
1. Paglalarawan o ringmaipaunawa
1. ETHOS deskripto samambabasa
o ang karakter, imahe o 2. Pagsasalaysay o angpanlipunang
reputasyon ng narasyon implikasyon at mga
manunulat/tagapagbas 3. Paglalahad o kahalagahan nito.
a pagbibigay-
impormayon
o hango sa salitang 4. Pangangatwiran o
Griyego nanauugnay sa argumentasyon.
salitang Etika ngunit
higit na angkop ngayon
sa salitang Imahe Kahulugan at Katangian ng
Tekstong Naratibo
o ang Ethosang • Layunin ng tekstong naratibo
ang magsalaysay o magkuwento
magpapasya
batay sa isang tiyak na
kungkapani-paniwala o
 komentosa kalagitnaan
ngpagsasalaysay
upang hindi lumihis ang
daloy.
 -May iba't ibang paraan
ng narasyon na
maaaring gamitin ng
manunulat upang
maging kapana-
2.Estruktura panabik ang
 Kailangang malinaw at pagsasalaysay.
lohikalang kabuuang
estruktura ng kuwento.
Madalas namakikitang Pamaraan ng Narasyon:
ginagamit naparaan ng
narasyon ang iba'tibang 1. Diyalogo
estilo ng - sa halip na direktang
pagkakasunod-sunod pagsasalaysay ay gumagamit ng
ng pag-uusap ng mga tauhan
upang isalaysay ang nagyayari.
pangyayari.
Kungminsan ay 2. Foreshadowing
nagsisimula sa - Nagbibigay ngmga pahiwatig o
dulopapuntang unahan hints hinggil sa kung ano ang
angkuwento, kung kahihinatnan o mangyayari sa
minsan namanay mula kuwento .
sa gitna.
 Maaaring gumamit ng 3. Plot twist
iba't ibang paraan ng - Tahasang pagbabago sa
pagkakaayos, tiyakin direksyon o inaasahang
lamang na sistematiko
at lohikal
kalakasan ng isang kuwento.
angpagkakasunodsuno 4. Ellipsis
d ng pangyayari upang -O misyon o pag-aalis ng isang
madaling maunawaan yugto ngKuwento kung saan
ang narasyon. hinahayaan ang mambabasa na
magpuno sanaratibong antala.
3.Oryentasyon 5. Comic book death
 Nakapaloob dito ang
- isang teknik kung saan
pinapatayang mahalagang
kaligiran ng mga karakter ngunit kalaunanay
tauhan, lunan o setting, biglan lilitaw upangmagbigay-
at oras o panahon kung linawsa kuwento.
kailan nangyari ang
kuwento.Malinaw dapat 6. Reverse chronology
nanailalatag ang mga - Nagsissimula sa dulo ang
ito sa pagsasalaysay at salaysay patungong simula.
nasasagot ang mga
batayang tanong na . In Medias Res
sino, saan, at kailan. -Nagsisimula ang narasyon
 Ang mahusay na sakalagitnaan ng kuwento
deskripsyon sa mga kadalasang ipinapakita ang mga
detalyeng ito ang Karakter, lunan, at tensyon sa
magtatakda kung pamamagitan ng mga flashback.
gaano kahusay na
nasapul ng manunulat 8. Deux Ex Machina (God from
ang realidad sa the Machine)
kaniyang akda. - Isang plor device na
ipinaliwanag ni Horace sa
4.Pamamaraan ng Narasyon kaniyang " ArsPoetica" Kung
saan nagbibigay resolusyon ang
 Kailangan ng detalye at tunggalian sa pamamagitan ng
mahusay awtomatikonginterbensyon.
naoryentasyon Nagbabago rin ang kahihinatnan
ngkabuuang senaryo ng kuwento atnagreresolba ang
sa unang bahagi martinding suliranin na tila
upangmaipakita ang walang solusyon sa
setting at mood. pamamagitan ng biglaang
Iwasangmagbigay ng pagpasok ng isang tao, bagay at
pangyayari na hindi naman
naipkiilala sa unang bahagi ng
kuwento.
5.Komplikasyon o Tunggalian
 Karaniwang
nakapaloob sa
tunggalian ang
pangunahing tauhan.
Ito ang mahalagang
bahagi ng kuwento na
nagiging batayan ng
paggalaw o pagbabago
sa posisyon at
disposisyon ng mga
tauhan. Nagtatakda rin
ang tunggalian ng
magiging resolusyon ng
kuwento.
6.Resolusyon
 Ito angkahahantungan
ng komplikasyon o
tunggalian. Maaaring
ang resolusyon ay
masaya o hindi batay
sa magiging kapalaran
ng pangunahing
tauhan.
 Creative Non-Fiction
Ang Creative Non-Fiction
(CNF) ay kilala rin bilang literary
non-fiction o narrative nonfi
ction. Ito ay isang bagong genre
samalikhaing pagsulat na
gumagamit ng istilo at teknik
napampanitikan upang makabuo
ng makatotohanan at tumpak
nasalaysay o narasyon.
• Iba ito sa peryodismo o teknikal
na pagsulat dahil kahit
naghahayag ito ng katotohanan,
mahalaga pa rin ang poetika at
literariness ng akda.
Ayon kay
BarbaraLounsberry sa
"The Art ofFact,"ang
apat nakatangian ng
CNF ay:
 -Maaaring
maidokumentoang
paksa at hindiinimbento
ng manunulat;
 -Malalim ang
pananaliksik sa paksa
upang mailatag ang
kredibilidad ng
narasyon;
 -Mahalaga ang
paglalarawan sa lunan
at kontekstuwalisasyon
ng karanasan; at
 -Mahusay ang panulat
o literary prose style, na
 nangangahulugang pangangatuwiran. Ito
mahalaga ang pagiging ay pagpapahayag ng
malikhain ng manunulat mga dahilan at
at husay ng gamit sa ebidensya upang
wika. maipagtanggol ang
katuwiran ng isang
panig. Ang
nangangatwiran ay
kailangang may sapat
na kaalaman sa
proposisyon upang
makapaglahad ng
TEKSTONG mahusay na argument.
ARGUMENTATIBO:
Katangian ng
“huwag matakot na magsalita at Tekstong
manindigan para sa katapatan at Argumentatibo:
katotohanan laban sa kawalan
ng hustisya , kasinungalingan at  mahalaga at
kasakiman. Kung lahat ng tao sa napapanahon ang
buong daigdig ay gagawa paksa.
nito ,magbabago ang mundo”  Maikli ngunit malaman
–William at malinaw na pagtukoy
Faulkner sa tesis sa unang talata
ng teksto.
Ano ang kahulugan ng  Malinaw at lohikal na
Tekstong Argumentatibo? tran sisyon sa pagitan
ng mga bahagi ng
-ay isang uri ng teksto na ang teksto.
pangunahing layunin ay  Maayos ang
makapaglahad ng katuwiran.Sa pagkakasunod-sunod
Tekstong ito , ang manunulat ay ng mga ebidensya ng
kailangang maipagtanggol ang argumento.
kaniyang posisyon sa paksa o  Matibay na ebidensya
isyung pinag uusapan. para sa argument
-kailangang may matibay na
ebidensya ang manunulat upang
mapatunayanang katotohanan
ng kaniyang ipinaglalaban.

Elemeto ng Pangangatuwiran:
 Proposisyon

 Argumento

Proposisyon
-ayon kay Melania L. Abad
(2004), ang proposisyon ay ang
pahayag na inilalatag upang
pagtalunan o pag usapan. Ito ay
dapat mapagkasunduan bago
magsimula ang pagbibigay mh
argument ng dalawang panig.
Halimbawa;
 dapat ipasa ang
Divorce bill upang
mabawasan ang
karahasan laban sa
kababaihan.
 dapat ipatupad ang RH
Bill upang makontrol
ang populasyon at
kahirapan

Argumento
 ay ang pangalawang
elemento ng
PE & HEALTH 2
ROLE OF PA'S IN
MANAGINGONE'S STRESS
PAs that manage stress
o Yoga
o Humor
o Meditation
o Exercise
o Writing
STRESS MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUES
Yoga
 Yoga advocates believe
that yoga bridges the
gap between western
and alternative styles of
medicine.
 The practice of asanas
(or postures) in yoga
have been used to
combat stress along
with decreasing
depression and anxiety.
 Some researchers
claim yoga will calm a
restless mind, creating
peace within oneself.
 Subsequently, when an
individual's mind
becomes rested they
become relaxed, which
will ultimately reduce
stress.
There are many different types
of yoga:
-
-
Bikram (hot yoga),
Vinyasa
Exercise
(flowing/aerobic yoga)
or
- Hatha (slow, posture
focused yoga).
Humor
 Laughter is not only
free but it is contagious
 Laughter is almost
cathartic, once you start
laughing usually you
feel some of your stress
and anxiety instantly
release.
Meditation
 Deep, slow breathing
and positive thoughts
can help ease any
stressful mind
 Meditation is one of the
easiest and most
convenient stress
management
techniques, and it is
also free.
 All that is necessary is
a quiet space with a
comfortable place to sit
or lie down.
 OMeditation can be
done in many forms
ranging from guided
imagery orvisualization
(focusing on being in a
beautiful place),mindful
meditation (focusing on
the present moment
and your breath while
releasing any
unpleasant thoughts)
and
 tai chi (self-paced
series of postures or
movements in a slow,
graceful manner while
practicing deep
breathing).
 OThere is no right or
wrong way to mediate;
just find a way to help
reduce your stress
levels.
 The health benefits of
daily exercise are
indisputable.
 OResearch
unanimously suggests
that daily exercise can
improve most chronic
conditions and improve
overall emotional
health.
 lt is a great way to
reduce stress and
there are different
forms of exercise you
can participate in: a
short run, a power walk
or even an organized
class or exercise video.
Group exercise
promotes collaboration
among your peers,
which can also help
you talk about what
may be making you
anxious and stressed,
therefore mitigating
some of your daily
frustrations.
Get right by writing
 Think about keeping a
task list or journal.
 Every day there seems
like an endless amount
of work that needs to
be done, which triqgers
anxiety from the minute
we wake up.
 Write down what you
need to do and cross it
out when it is
completed.
 At the end of the day,
look back at the list and
you may be surprised
by how much you
accomplished
 The number of stress
management strategies
is endless.
 This is just a snapshot
of a few that I have
personally researched.
 While stress in our lives
is inevitable, it is not
unmanageable.
 The key is finding what
method works for us, to
help relieve stress in
our lives safely and
effectively
Exercise, Eat andExcel
Lesson Objective
• Self- assess health-related
fitness (HRF) status, barriers to
physical activity assessment
participation and one's diet.
Physical Fitness as Defined
 A person who is free
from illnessesand can
do physical or sports
activities and still has
an extra energy to do
more activities is
considered to be
physically fit.
  Physical fitness is a
combination of health
fitness and body
fitness.
 Health fitness refers to
your body'sability to
fight off diseases.
 Body fitness, on the
other hand, is refers to
the ability to do
strenuous physical or
sports activities without
getting tired easily.
 It is not enough for
someone to only look
good and feel good in
order to be called
physically fit.
 An individual should
also take into
consideration his kind
of lifestyle including the
food he/she takes every
day because it can lead
to better health.
Health Related Fitness
 This is primarily
associated with disease
prevention and
Physical Activity and Exercise
functional health.
• Participating in regular health-
Physical Activity
related fitness helps you control
your weight, prevents diseases
and illness, improves mood,
boosts energy and promotes
better sleep.
Health Related Fitness
Components
1. Body Composition
- The combination of all
the tissues that make
up the body such as
bones, muscles, organs
and body fat.
2. Cardiovascular
It is classified into 4 domains:
Endurance - The ability
occupational, domestic,
of the heart, lungs,
transportation, and leisure
blood vessels, and
time.
blood to work efficiently
and to supply the body
3.
with oxygen.
Flexibility - The ability
to use your joints fully
through a wide range of
motion.
- Muscular Endurance -
The ability to use
muscles for a long
period of time without
tiring.
Riding a jeepney,
- Skills Related Fitness tricycle, motorcycle, or
Components bikes.
1. Agility - The ability to 4. Leisure Time - These
change body are the
positionsquickly and activities you do during
keep the body under recreational activities. Playing,
control when moving. swimming, hiking or craft
2. Balance - The ability to making.
keep the body in a Exercise
steady position while
standing and moving.  according to a study by
3. Coordination - The Buckworth and
ability of the body parts
to work together when
Dishman, is the
planned, structured,
you perform an activity. repetitive bodily
4. Power - The ability to movements that
combine strength with someone engages in
speed while moving. for the purpose of
5. Reaction Time - The
ability to move quickly
improving or
maintaining physical
once a signal to start fitness or health.
moving is received.
6. Speed - The ability to Aerobic
move all or a part of the  Aerobic activities, also
body quickly. called endurance
activities, are physical
activities in which
people move their large
muscles in a rhythmic
manner for a sustained
period.
Examples: Running, Jogging,
Walking, Dancing, Jump Rope,
Swimming, Biking, Boxing,
 Activities done
Jumping Jacks, Squats,
Treadmills, Cardio-Exercise
by the skeletal
muscles that Muscle-Strengthening Activity
utilize energy
is called  This kind of activity,
Physical which includes
Activity. resistance training and
 Activities you lifting weights, causes
are doing at the body's muscles to
home or in
school are
work or hold against an
applied force or weight.
considered to
be physical
activity.  Examples:
Weightlifting, Body
weight exercise, Push-
ups, Pull-ups, Sit-ups
Bone-Strengthening Activity
1. Occupational - These
are the activities you do
at your work place.
 This kind of activity
(sometimes called
weight-bearing or
2. Domestic - These are weight-loading activity)
the activities you do at produces a force on the
home. bones that promotes
bone growth and
3. Transportation - strength.
These are the activities
that involves travelling.
Examples of this are
combination of weight bearing
and muscle strengthening
exercises like:
 Hopping, skipping,
jumping, Jumping rope,
Running, Walking
Sports

Barriers to Physical Activities

1. Lack of time
2. Social Support
3. Lack of Energy
4. Lack of Motivation
5. Fear of Injury
6. Lack of Skill
7. High Costs and Lack of
Facilities
8. Weather Conditions

Eating Habits
 The term eating habits
(or food habits) refers
to why and how people
eat, which foods they
eat, and with whom
they eat, as well as the
ways people obtain,
store, use, and discard
food.