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TEST CODE OI2O7O2O

MAY/JUNE 2016
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CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@
EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

I This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. AnswerALL questions.

2 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

J Do NOT write in the margins.

4 Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated with diagrams.

5 If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

6 If youuse the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2014 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

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r SECTION A
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Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

1. (a) Students investigate the effect oftemperature on the rate of reaction of the enzyme, catalase.
They use crushed potato as the source of the enzyme and place 5 mg into each of 7 test
tubes. They add 3 cm3 of l%o hydrogen peroxide to each test tube and place them into
water-baths kept at the following temperatures: 0 "C, l0 "C,20 oC, 30 "C, 40 oC, 50 "C
and 60 "C. They count the number of bubbles released per minute from each test tube
and record the data in Table l.

TABLE 1: EF.FECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CATALASE ACTIVITY

Test Temperature (oC) Number of O,

Tube Bubbles per Minute

I 0 0

2 l0 I

J 20 5

4 30 l0

5 40 l5

6 50 I

7 60 0

(i) Plot a graph on the grid provided on page 5 to show the relationship between the
number of oxygen bubbles released and temperature. (4 marks)

(ii) From your graph, determine the optimum temperature for the enzyme.

(1 mark)

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Graph showing the effect of temperature on the rate of an enryme-catalyzed reaction

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Explain the shape of the graph at EACH of the following temperature ranges
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0-10'c

I l-40 "c

>400c

(6 marks)

(iv) Write a conclusion that the students could draw from their results.

(1 mark)

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why living organisms need to maintain a constant internal

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:s (vi) Describe TWO precautions thatthe students should take when doing this experiment.
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(2 marks)

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(2 marks)

(b) Name TWO enzymes that function in protein digestion and describe the role of EACH

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Before food can be chemically digested by enzymes, it must first be mechanically broken
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down in the alimentary canal.

(i) Name TWO parts of the alimentary canal that are responsible for the mechanical
digestion of food.

(2 marks)

(ii) Give TWO reasons why mechanical digestion of food is important.

(2 marks)

(iii) Explain the significance of chemical digestion of food.

(2 marks)

Total25 marks

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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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Z. (a) (i)
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In the box provided below, draw a food web consisting ofthe following organisms:
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a Algae
a Smallfish
a Tadpole
o Water snake
a Egret
a Eagle

(3 marks)

(ii) What is the role of the organism at the start of the food web?

(1 mark)

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(iii) Name the organism which performs EACH of the following functions in the food
web drawn in (a) (i) on page 10.

a) Both as a prey and a predator

(1 mark)

b) Primary consumer
(l mark)

c) Secondary consumer .........

(1 mark)

b) Tertiary consumer (top carnivore)

(1 mark)

(iv) From your food web in (a) (i), draw a food chain consisting of THREE organisms.

(1 mark)

(v) What is the role of the organism to which the arrow points in a food chain?

(1 mark)

(vi) Explain why energy flows in one direction in the food chain.

(2 marks)

(b) List THREE features of an environment which support living organisms.

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks
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3. (a) Define EACH of the following terms

(i) Stimulus

(l mark)

(ii) Receptor

(1 mark)

(iii) Effector

(1 mark)

(b) Figure I is a diagram of a section through the human eye.

spot, X
-Blind

Figure l. Section through the human eye

(i) Label EACH of the following parts of the eye on Figure l:

. Pupil
. Ciliary muscles
. Retina
' Optic nerve (4 marks)

(ii) Why is X called the 'blind spot'?

(1 mark)
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(c) A boy looks up from reading his book to see a helicopter flying in the distance. Account
forthe changes that would occur in the lens of both of his eyes to enable him to see the
helicopter.

(3 marks)

(d) Figure 2 shows two eyes labelled A and B, under two different light conditions.

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A B

Figure 2. Eyes under different light conditions

Which of the eyes in Figure 2, A or B, shows the appearance of an eye exposed to dim
light? Explain your answer.

(3 marks)

(e) Why is it important for the eye to respond when exposed to very bright light?

(l mark)
Total 15 marks

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r SECTION B
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AnswerALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4. (a) In the box below, draw a labelled diagram of the female reproductive system, and using
an arro% trace the path that a spermatozoon would have to take to fertilize an ovum.

(6 marks)

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Ayoung couple wants to choose between two contraceptive methods or surgical.

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is (c) A biologist discovers that the flowers of a species of plants have no male reproductive parts.
Suggest ONE method by which these plants produce offspring, and THREE advantages
of this method.
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s. (a) With the aid of a chemical equation, explain what is meant by the term 'photosynthesis',
and discuss how a dicotyledonous leaf is adapted to capture maximum sunlight and carbon
dioxide for the process.

Photosynthesis ........

Equation ...

Adaptations

(11 marks)

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(b) Outline how decomposers assist in the cycling of carbon dioxide to make it available to
green plants.

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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6. (a) State TWO causes of anaemia and describe TWO signs/symptoms of the disease.

Causes

Signs/symptoms

(4 marks)

(b) Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by the presence of a recessive allele. Persons who are
heterozygous and carry the sickle-cell allele are more resistant to a type of severe malaria
than persons who are homozygous for the normal haemoglobin allele.

(i) State what is meant by EACH of the following terms:

Homozygous....

Heterozygous

(2 marks)

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(ii) With the aid of a genetic diagram, show how a man and a woman who do NOT
have sickle-cell anaemia can have a child who has the disease.

(6 marks)

(iii) Explain why the sickle-cell allele is more common in the population, in countries
where the severe form of malaria is present.

(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
END OF TEST

IF'YOU FINISH BEF'ORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORI( ON THIS TEST.

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EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

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