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    English File A2 - B1 Entry Checker

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    ALEX

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    English File A2/B11 enrercneceee Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden Jerry Lambert Paul Seligson OXFORD ‘Great Cltendon Stret, Oxford 2 6D, United Kingdom Onford University Press isa department of the University of Oxford Jefurthes the University's objective of xcellnce in research, sholaship, and education by publishing workwide, Oxfords registred trade ‘mark of Oxford University resin the UK and in certain othe eountees © Oxford Univesity Press 2019 ‘The moral rights ofthe author have been asserted Firs published in 2019 ‘Allright reserve, No part ofthis publication may be reproduced stored ina recrieal tem, o transmitted, any form or by any means, without the rie permission in writing of Oxford University Press ora expres pemitted by Ev, by lence or under terms agreed with the appropriate eprographic ights ‘organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope ofthe above Should be ent tothe ELT Rights Departinent, Oxford University Pres at the ‘des above ‘You must nt ezculae this wok in any othe form and you must impose this sme condition on any acquirer Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only Oxford disclaims any responsiblity or the materials contained ‘nany third party website referenced in thi work Photocopying ‘The Publisher grants permission forthe photocopying of those pages marked ‘photocopable according to the following conditions. Individual purchasers may make copies for their own use or foruse by classes that they teach Scol ‘purchasers may make copes for use by staf and stadents, but this permission doesnot extend to adtiona schools or branches Under nocecumstances may any art ofthis bok be photocopied for ele san: 978.019.0585 Printed in China This books printed on paper rom certified and well manage sources ack cr ptr: Oxford University Pres buldingjDavid Fisher Isto by: Atsushi HareDutch Uncle agency pp7, 191,27 Bl Brown) ilustaiondlision pp 6,22: Satoshi HashimotojDutch Uncle agency pp 20, 21,23: Stephen Conlin p18 ‘The English Fle Oxford impact study was conducted in January and February 2018, 299 teachers responded. Oxford impact is @ unique way cof evaluating the imaact that educational products and services kom (Oxford Univesity ress have on teaching and learning. CONTENTS 10 12 14 16 FILE 1 © present tense verb be[), subject pro- nouns: |, you, ete. © present tense verb be [=] and [7] © possessive adjectives: my, your, etc. FILE 2 © a/an, plurals © adjectives © imperatives, let's FILE 3 © present simple [=] and [=] © present simple [7] © word order in questions FILE 4 © Whose...?, possessive 's © prepositions: (at, in, on, to) © adverbs and expressions of frequency FILE 5 © can/ can't © present continuous: be + verb + -ing © present simple or present continuous? FILE 6 © object pronouns: me, you, him, etc. © like (+ verb + -ing) © beor do? FILE 7 © past simple of be: was / were © past simple: regular verbs © past simple: irregular verbs 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 FILE 8 ‘© past simple: regular and irregular verbs © there is / there are, some / any + plural nouns © there was / there were FILE9 © countable / uncountable nouns © quantifiers: how much / how many, a lot of, ete. © comparative adjectives FILE 10 © superlative adjectives © be going to (plans) © be going to (predictions) FILE 11 @ adverbs (manner and modifiers) © verbs + to + infinitive: want to, need to, etc. © the definite article FILE 12 © present perfect © present perfect or past simple? IRREGULAR VERBS VOWEL SOUNDS CONSONANT SOUNDS 1 GRAMMAR BANK 4A present simple verb be f#, subject pronouns ‘+ In contractions "= a missing letter, e.g. ‘m = am. ‘+ We use contractions in conversation and in informal writing, positive form full form contraction arenas giare {am a student Vm a student + We always use a subject pronoun (you, he, etc) with a verb. You are my partner. You're my partner It’s school. NOT He is Matt. He's Mate They're teachers. NOT Are-toachers, She is Sally. She's Sally + We always use capital |, With other pronouns we only use eis a salsa class It’s a salsa cass 2a capital letter when it’s the first word in a sentence. We are students We're students He's Ben and tm Sally. NOT sm-Soly You are partners. You're partners * you= singular and plural They are teachers, They're teachers + We use he for @ man, she for a woman, and it for a thing, * We use they for people and things. 4B present simple verb be Gand * In questions we put am, are, is before |, you, he, ete. Ara you Brazilian? NOT You-are-Brazikan? Where are you from? NOT Where-yeu-are-fom? * We don’t use contractions in positive short answers ‘Ate you Turkish?” ‘Yes, | am.’ NOT “Yes-en! ‘+ We put not after the verb be to make ne 'm not talian. * We can also contract are not and is notlike this: You're not italian. She’s not Spanish tives EL 1C possessive adjectives 1m tain, My family re from Rome. + We use possessive adjectives for people and things. You're in Class 1 This is your classroom. ‘My family are from Italy. My car is German. He's the director. His name is Michael tee ot ee eee et eerie te es * their= of people or thin ee eee + Postenve ajstives dort change wth lal nouns Isa language school. Its name is English Houze. Poser rety We're an internationsl Our students are from Europe school and Asia, D Wrorka ‘They're French students. Their names are Lue and Marie. Bo careful with it's and is its=itis Ita school It’ Spanish its= possessive Its name is English House. Its flag is red and yellow. ENTRY CHECKER 1A Write the sentences with contractions. a Complete with am, is, or are. peer aus eee She fg 8 student 2 You are welcome. = ee eee 3 tis Monday. at home. — 4 They are in a sho} 3 They teachers. % ° 4 Tomorrow ____ Wednesday. Write the sentences with a subject pronoun and a contraction 5 You inthe library. Julia and Lisa are teachers. They’re teachers. 6 She upstairs. 4. Susan and | are coming, = 7 They con their way. 2 The college is in Rome. eee 8 You my friend. 3 Peters a student 9 My sister Joanne. 4 You are going to be late. - 101 ready. ¢ Complete the dialogue. Use contractions, e.g. ‘m, 5, if possible. k ete A Hi. im Julio. puss ara She lant tation, B Hello Julio. My name '__ Kerrie. 1 lim French, 2 They're British, 3. She's from Canada. 4 W’sin Australia b Make questions and short answers. A2?__ you studying here, Kerrie? B No, 1__allecturer. A ‘__Britain your home? B No,1__ from Australia, ‘A &__you from Sydney? you Spanish? (2) Areyou Spanish?) Yes. lam. B No,17__from Perth. It®*__my home town, 1 Son time? a 2a ‘A2__itnearto Sydney? 2 Litready? a 2 Ari 3 /weinthe study? > @ o,it 4. / they students? a 2 5 [this your book? a 2H 1c a Complete the sentences with a possessive Simon is a writer. Could you ask them for books are very popular address, please? b Circle) the correct word. ‘Our teacher is British. She Aflername is Elizabeth, Can you/ your come with me, please? : 1 Where is you/your friend staying? lect 2 Is he/his from Spain? This is my ftond, Har name is Sasha 3 He's a new student. He/His name's Amos 1 This is our new room. teacher is new too. aaa ees 2 coer names Mate 5 They/Their teacher is from Ireland, Secs leer es 6 What is she/her surname? ef eens eae 7 Claire and Lucy are friends. They/ Their are from 5 Please can you send me phone number? ese 6 Tm Elsa, family are from Poland, 8 Is she/her going on holidey? 7 We'd like to book tickets, please. 9 I've just arrived. 1/My name is Emily. 8 9 0 She must start writing _ answers now. 2 2A singular and plural nouns a/an, plurals singular nouns plural nouns Ws book Theyre books. vs wateh, They're watches. Isa diary. They're diaries. it’s an umbrella v's an identity car. They'e umbrellas They're identity cards * We use a /an with singular nouns. * We use an with a noun beginning with a vowel (, * We use a with nouns beginning with u or eu when the sound = /ju, e.g. a university, a euro. * We don't use a /an with plural nouns. Theyre books. NOT Fheyre2-books D the i om Look at the board. Anniver the questions Look at the board. NOT Leokste-boord “+ We use the with singular and plural nouns (the board, the questions) 2B adjectives 41. The White House is in Washington DC. It's @ beautiful picture It's an old book They're blue jeans. We're new students He's strong. We aren't rich, Is your car new? She's quite famous. it's a very big city We're really tired, 2C imperatives, let's 1. Open the door. Turn right Don’t worry, Don’t stop. Be quiet, ploaso, Please sit down, Let's go home. Let's not stop Can you..? Use Can you + verb (infinitive) as a polite alternative to an imperative Open the window. -» Can you open the window, please? ‘+ We use the when we know which board, questions, etc. GRAMMAR BANK regular plurals singular plural spell book books: c key keys i awateh watches @ abox boxes A a country countries Kinet 5) a ‘dictionary dietionaries,-——=«Sansenant += yes * We add -s (or -¢s or -ies) to make plural nouns. It. pen. They're pens. * With two-word nouns, we add -s ores or -ies) to the ‘second noun. credit card, credit cards NOT credits card eiou) irregular plurals singular lar ‘aman nen! ‘men men! ‘woman (wosn women wim) child flay children dra 2 person /pssa! people pce 1 Adjectives go before a noun, It's a beautiful picture, NOT #re-picture-beouti + Ifan adjective begins with a vowel in an adjective + noun phrase, ‘we use an, NOT it’sa-old-howse- 2 Adjectives don't change befere a plural noun. They're blue jeans. NOT They're-blues;jeans. 3 We also use adjectives after the verb be. The word order [lor G subject, be, adjective, e.g. My car’s new. The computer isn’t cheap. In: be, subject, adjective, e.g. Is your car new? Is the computer cheap? 4 We often use very, really, ane quite before adjectives, 2 He's very (or realy) tal b He's quit tal ¢ He isn't very tal b < 1 We use imperatives to tell somebody to do (or not do) something. + imperatives = verb (infinitive) Glimperatives = don't + vero infinitive) *+ We add please to be polite. Open the door, please. * We often use be + adjective in imperatives, e.g. Be quiet, Be careful, ete *+ We don't use a pronoun with imperatives. Be quiet. NOT You-be-quiet 2 We use Let’s + verb (infinitive) to make suggestions. We use Let’s not + verb (infinitive) to make negative suggestions. 2A a Complete with a or an. Write the plural. singular plural a desk desks 1 child 2 idea 3 __ baby 4 (aes man bus b Write sentences with It’s or They‘re {and a or an if necessary). ENTRY CHECKER ¢ Complete the dialogues with a, an or the. James: There is! man with ‘two dogs. He's my friend, Are? dogs friendly? Yes, they are, Teacher: What is this, Katy? Katy: I's iPod film tt’safilm, doctor They Teacher: Give me the iPod, 1 carpark = please, Katy. 2 exercises _ 3 timetable 4 plans z 5 smartphone aa 2B b Put the words in the right order. a Underline the adjectives in these teeny ey oud, een are sentences. a 1 quite plants are those unusual eee 2a use mother your computer does? 1 They take long holidays. 3 buy very is gold to expensive 2 Do you have a favourite shop? alareWeur ton home, Gia ew 3. Those clothes are attractive, Blibandwery iwediiyon Hort 4 We enjoy fine wines. 6 had long car have your you how? 5. Many German visitors come here. Tieincse neh ncala cetesinafven 6 Katy is a good student. 8 their all the class first students enjoyed 7. That light i bright 8 Don't throw away your old passport. 2c b Complete with Let’s and a verb from the a Complete with a verb from the list. Use a imperative. be go_have open pak feed speak tle tervon wor A lt’sdark. B Turon the light. A Perhaps | should leave now. B Don't go yet, please. 2 A I'm not sure what to say. B Just A {haven't brought my umbrella. B A T'llsee you early on Saturday, B A Can leave my carhere? B A I think | heard the door bell. B ‘A I might have to wait along time. B oral] ‘A I'm wondering what to do with this letter. ‘A We're going skiing next week. B Good for you, list. close_go_open_sitdown tum off stop We need a break. Let's stop here. 1 Ineed some new shoes. shopping. - after ourlong walk: Clearly and slowly. 3 The news has finished, so the brought two, radio. B Just__it. 4 It’s getting hot in here. __ some fun! windows, 5 It’s dark outside, so the curtains. __there, it's not safe. the door, then, __a good book, 3 GRAMMAR BANK 3A present simple | speak English British people like gardens My mother cooks fantastic food. I don't drink tea We don't live in @ house with # garden, He doesn’t play the guitar. ly true or are '* Contractions: don't = do not, doesn't = does not. ‘+ To make negatives we use don't/ doesn't + verb (infinitive). He doesn’t work. NOT Hedoesn't works: ++ The spelling cules for the he/ she / it forms are ‘the same as for regular plurals (see Grammar Bank 2A p.é). D Bo careful with some he / she/ it forms Ihave he has haz! NOT he-haves Igo he goes kyu! Ido he does ilsz! 3B present simple 7 “Do you live in New York?” ‘Does he work at night?" ‘No, we don't’ "Yes, he does * We use do (or does with he, she, i) + infinitive to make questions * The word order for present simple questions is ASI = Auxiliary verb (do, does), Subject (I, you, he, she, ete), Infinitive (work; live, etc). D doand does do = i), does = ldnz! do and does can be: 1 the auxiy verb to make present simple questions. Dorou speak English? Does she lve here? 2 ancrmal verb. I domy homework inthe evening. He does exercise every day. 3C word order in questions ‘Questions with be ‘Question word / phrase ee Is she from Spain? ‘Are your friends here? What ‘syourdog's name? Where ‘5 your office? How many students are in the class? How are you? How old is she? ‘+ Remember the word order in questions with be. ‘We put be before the subject. Questions with other verbs Question aco Autry — Subject Infinitive De you near here? Does | yourmather know? What do you ao? Where does he ive? How many children | do you have? Whatkind of music | does she tke? How do you spell your surname? *+ The word order for present simple questions with do and does is ASI (Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive), e.g. Do you live near here? or ‘QuAS! (Question, Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive), e.g. Where does he live? + We often use question phreses beginning with What, e.g. What colour...2, What time...?, ete ENTRY CHECKER 3A b Complete the sentences with a rl verb. a Change the sentences. eae We like walking. He likes walking, 1 Idrive to work She speak study wear work 2 He enjoys the theatre. We 3. She doesn't work late. ! G We all read novels. 4 My friend has a boat. You 1 i Amira —____ a younger sister: 5 You are on holiday. The teacher 2 ane rears & I don't play the violin. She 3B Weall ealthy food, 7 Our team hopes to win All the players — eee i @ My grandparents don't sand emails. My aunt — FO corr ee 9 We watch the 6 o'clock news. My father acl eae eae 10 My sister doesn't like fish. Some children 5 enna pai 8 Guilland Susan history 3B b Make questions. a Complete the questions with do or does. A I like big cities. B Do you like London? aa A She doesn't enjoy housework. B Does she enjoy cooking? Be eee cee > 1 A He needs new clothes. B new shoes too? 1 your neighbour have aca 2A They eat quite late, B Inter than yout? 2g ace tvel by taints 3A John doesn't speak italian. B Spanish? A vou Inner ery French songs 4 A This cake takes time to make 4 your sister like her new house? 8 more than an hour? 5 many people collect stamps? 5 A Rose doesn't wear glasses. B sunglasses? & your friend visit often? 6 A find some subjects difficult. 7 this shop open on Sundays? B languages easy? 8 all the students in this class come 7 A lwantanew phone. B an iPhone? from Milan? 3c b Complete the questions in the conversation. Pe Ofder the words 10 make questions What kind of restaurants do you like?! lie Italian restaurants. roe 1 Which subjects 2 She enjoys English and Maths. jome acing. youare when 7 2 How often ‘0 the library? | go there most days. 3 What kind of hotels 2 like small hotels. travelling time you ind much? fame meee ee spend muck 4 How far from here 7 She lives two streets away. sot Geatitiiar Wat 5 What kind of music _? They listen to jazz 3 of what books brother He tnd 6 hen our ar? phere hes ee wen 4G) Cfieg "you go would for” thse 7 Which country 2m rom Try 5 many thers badches are, goed? 8 Why tothe cinema today? Thoy ae going io seo ive does away friend far your? 6 Ine “does oy fend fr Your? rate ood 2 eookvegetan food seat iipenna nioorcre alin 10 How much milk inher coffee? She likes a small 8 college lean can Japanese this at we? fourm 9 work what do he does of kind? 10 you clothes like for do shopping? 10 4 4A possessive ‘s, Whose... 1 He's Brad Pitt's brother. 2 It's my parents! car 3 ‘Whose is this bag?" ‘it’s Maria's” 4 The end of the film is fantastic. It's James's laptop, Hive in the city centre, 1 We use a person + ‘sto talk about family and possessions. He's Brad Pitt's brother. NOT He'sthe-brothor-of Brad Pit, 2 With regular plural nouns we put the ’ after the s. It’s my parents’ car. NOT #emy-parent's-car * With irregular plural nouns, e.g. children, men, we use ‘s, 2 the children’s room, men’s clothes. 4B prepositions of time and place Time three o'clock the morning Monday (morning) thesfteroon 1 January midday / midnight the evening lunchtime the summer night December the weekend 2018 Christmas * We use in for parts of the day, seasons, months, and years. * We use on for days and dates. * We use at for times of the day, night, the weekend, and festivals GRAMMAR BANK 3 We use Whose...?to ask about possessions. We can ask Whose is this bag? OR Whose bag is ths? We can answer It’s Maria's bag. OR it's Maria's 4 We don't usually use a thing + 's, 0.9, the end of the class NOT the-closss-end, the city centre NOT the-eity's contre. Ds Be coreful with ‘s,Itcan be two things: Maria's mother="s= of Maria Maria's Spanish ~ Whose/ Who's Who's = Who, 9, ‘Who's that gif ‘She's my sister! Whose = ofwho, e. ‘Whose this bag? Its Jack's’ Whose andl Who's ae pronounced the same Place and movement 1. He has lunch at work He works in an office 2 He goes to work at 8.00, 1 We use at and in for place. + We use at + werk, home, school, university + We use in + other places, e.g. a flat, an office, @ room, ete. ‘+ We can use in or at with some public places, e.g, a restaurant, the cinema, etc (On Saturdays he usually has lunch in / at a restaurant. We use to for movement or direction, ‘She goes to the gym. NOT She geesatthegym We don't use ta before home. go home NOT gotehorme 4C position of adverbs, expressions of frequency 1 Lalways watch TV in the evening. Do you usually sleep eight hours a day? ‘She sometimes does sport She doesn’t often go to bed late, 2 They're hardly ever late He isn't often stressed. ‘Are you usually inthis classroom? 3. Ihave English classes twi She doesn’t work every day. a week. 41 We use adverbs and expressions of frequency to say how often you do something, ‘How often do you cook?" ‘I cook every evening ‘Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb, In negative sentences the adverb of frequency goes between don't! doesn't and the verb. 2 Adverbs of frecuency go after be in «1 andl sentences. Ingiwith be the adverb of frequency goes after the subject. We use a verb with hardly ever and never. He's mever stressed. NOT Heden'+-neverstressed 3 Expressions of frequency usually go at the end of a sentence or verb phrase. This my sisters home/ my home's sister. Today is Susan's birthday/ Susans’ birthday. Where are the teacher's stuclents?/the students’ teacher's? That's Andrew's computer/ computer Andrew's Weill arrive at the start of the concert/the concert’s start. George Clooney is nephew's Rosemary Clooney/ Rosemary Clooney's nephew. Look at the pictures. Answer the questions with a short sentence. Whose are the cars? They're Frank's. 3. Whose is the watch? _ 1. Whose are the magazines? 2 Whose isthe laptop? 5 Whose is the wallet? Complete with Whose or Who's. Whose phone is this? Who's the girl in the corner? 4 Whose are the glasses? ENTRY CHECKER 1 chairs this? 4 notes are those? 2 coming to lunch? 5 your new friend? 3 that over there? 6 photo is that? 4B b Complete with to, at, in or-. a Complete with in, on, or at , [ie iogesatcolage. She goes_=_home tS ocock at the wockend 2 Canwe go the Zoo? ! a 3 She travels __ work by train. ae 4 Are your children school? s shemering 5 My mother works an office. ¢ eats 6 Ihave to take my niece __ home 2 yerebruay, 7 We're going __ town tomorrow. eB ater 8 Sho has to stay hospital u a 9 You can finish your work __ home. p= — the holidays 10 Ournext class isthe new building. ac b Order the words to make sentences. a Put the adverb or expression of frequency in the right place. The people we meet are friendly. always ‘The people we meet are always friendly. Itsnows in Scotiand, often He reads the newspaper. every day They don’t shop at the supermarket. always The children are bored. never finish work at § o'clock. usually I send letters ~| send emails instead. hardly ever I's best to wait before you decide. sometimes We go on holiday. twice a year early usually ready he is? she usually ready early? children day homework do every your have? ‘Australia hardly she to back goes ever of plenty | vegetables eat always studying boring never is Italian the catch bus you 8 o'clock usually do? at parents us weekends my visit often train always that not time on is Up sometimes stay TV we watching late 5 GRAMMAR BANK 5A can/ can't 41 Lean sing, but | ean’t dance. 2 can come on Tuesday, but can’t come on Wednesday. 3 You can park here. You can’t park there, 4 Can you help me? Can | open the window? + can infinitive has different meanings: 1 can (sing) = | know howto. {can't (dance) = | don’t know how to. 2 I can come) = t's possible forme. 1 can't come) = It's not possible for me. 3 You can (park here) = Is OK. /I's permitted You can't (park here) = t's not OK./ Irs not permitted. 4 Can you {help me)? = Please do it. Can I(open the window)? = is it OK if | do it? * can and can'tare the same forall persons (l,you, he, ete) NOT He-cons. + Contraction: can‘t= cannot + We don't use to after can {can swim. NOT Lean to-awinm 5B present continuous ‘They're having a party next door. ‘Oh no! The baby’s erying. It’s raining, ‘A What are you doing? B I'm waiting for my brother. + We use the present continuous for things that are happening now / at the moment. * At the moment -an mean around now. I'm reading a good book at the moment. (not exactly now) + We also use the present continuous with longer periods of time, e.g. today, this week, this month. The present continuous emphasizes that the action is temporary, not a habit. I'm working at home this week because my daughter isn't very well 5C present simple or present continuous? present simple present continuous It always snows here in winter What do you usually do at work? My sister works in a bank. Look! It's snowing D What do you do? or What are you doing? 'A What do you do?(= What's yourjob) B Iimateacher ‘A What are you doing? (now, atthe moment) B in waking fra fiend. What are you doing now? Today she's working at home. ‘+ We use the present simple to say what we usually do, or things that are normally true. ‘+ We often use the present simple with adverbs and ‘expressions of frequency, e.g. always, often, once a week, etc. * We use the present continuous to say what is happening now or around now. * We often use the present continuous with at the moment, today, this week 5A a Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of can or can't. ENTRY CHECKER b Complete the sentences with can or can‘t and the verbs. Joseph can’t come to the dance tonight. (come) 1 jou _me with my homework? (he We can buy a sandwich here.. 3 eter ie ae Se ceria ete! 4 it’s no problem, | this later. finish) 2 Is it possible for them to meet us in London? 0 er es tells they emcee te hom bene) ‘eowif ; einen incur tes claro you me know if you are free on 3 She doesnt know how to play cricket. raed 4 Its fine for Sheila to borrow my book. eee eee Sheila une have a car (drive) 5's always possible for you to change your mind. 8 you ___ that song again? it's lovely (play) You 5B b Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous. a Write a question and answer. A (On the telephone) Hello, Sarah, how are you? B Fine thanks. And you? Dr eet liga A tnt mphent Ghassan met op the UK soon? p oe B That would be great. '__ you _ (plan) to visit nee. om AA Yes, tthe moment|2___ (st) my sister n Franc; @ ks rs we! Grove around agethen eal, § B Wher your ster de) non? toe A Shot work) as amuscan, butshe* ale) shat spa te dts WE me B Wil you come to the UK when you leave France? A Yes. 17. (think) about which areas to visit. |@_ {hope) you can maybe give me some tees when we meet B Yesican.1?___ really (look) forward to meeting while you'r in the UK! FA Helo Andron Do you come au aria to class? — B Yes, I'l come with you 1A Are you going to the dentist's? B No, I'm going/I goto the doctor's. 2A My sister drives/is driving to work most days. B Is she sometimes catching/does she sometimes catch the bus? 3. A My grandmother doesn’t understand! isn’t understanding English very well B Is she coming/ Does she come to the UK soon? 4 A Do you write/Are you writing to your parents? B No, I'm sending/I send this letter to my brother. b Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or continuous. Your dog is following you along the road. (allow) 1 A Where yourmather (ive) B She ‘a house quite near to me. (have) 2 A Are you into town? (walk) B No,| ‘0 my Spanish class. (go) 3A Whatkind of wine you? (ike) BI wine, I'm afraid, (nt drink) 4 A How much ____ you your mobile phone? (use) BI _ without checking my ill. (not know) 5 A|_____uphotelsin Scotland on the Internet. (look) B People say it___a lot there. (snow) 6 GRAMMAR BANK 6A object pronouns subject pronoun object pronoun 1 me Can you help me? you you Hove you, he him ‘She doesn't love him, she her He phones her every day. it ie I don't ke it we us Wait for us! they them Please help them. + Pronouns take the place of nouns. + We use subject pronouns when the noun isthe subject of a verb (ve. the person who does the action. dJohn is doctor. He lives in London + We use object pronouns when the noun is the object of a verb (je, the person who receives the action). Anna knows John. She sees him every week. * Object pronouns go after the verb, ove you. NOT tyou-love, P Object proncuns after prepositions We also use object pronouns ator propositions (with, to, from, etc) I min love wits her NOT finvindve-withaher Give this monsyto him, NOT Give-thismoney-tohe. 6B like + (verb + -ing) S ileve shopping Uo ike going to the cinema, ‘2 Idon't mind getting up early S2 don't ike doing housework 5S inate driving stright + We use verb + -ing afte ike, love, don’t mind, and hate. + We can also use verb + -ing after enjoy and prefer. {enjoy watching football on TV, but prefer being there. 6C be or do? be 1 Hi. Fm Jim She isn’t very friendly. ‘Are you Hungarian? 2 can't talk, 'm driving They aren't working today. Ist raining? 1 We use be as a main verb. 2 We also use be to form the present continuous. Be here is an auxiliary verb. ‘+ Remember to invert be and the subject to make questions. He's Spanish. Is he Spanish? do/ does 1m doing my homework Do you do your homework regularly? 2 Do you speak English? Where do they ive? They don’t have children, Does your sister have a car? Where does your father work? Alan doesn't ike jazz 1 We use do as a main verb. 2 We also use do does to make questions and don't / doesn't to make negatives in the present simple. Do here is an auxliary verb, ‘+ Remember ASI and QuASI (see Grammar Bank 3C p.8). ENTRY CHECKER 6A b Complete the sentences with a subject pronoun a Change the highlighted words to object (1, he, etc.) or object pronoun (me, him, etc.) pom Maria and Liz are friends, They are in the same class at college Thay are both good at maths, and enjoy it very much in mestiog RiaimemE in town 1. My aunt isin hospital. | visit ‘most evenings. Then | phone {meeting him in town, __ myundetotel how's iL Miy siete fies (cet RSE, 2 My friend has just bought a cat. Looking after keeps ener eees quite busy, but-_enjoys i. 2 mreading that book on the train 3 ve invited some friends but don't think ___can come. I'm ——o going to phone to find out when can all meet. 3. She has been very kind to my brother nd 4 Alice asked _ to herparty, but__didh't give me me. her address. I'llhave to phone and ask her to give tome. 4 Please can | borrow your lecture notes? 5 | often go to the park with my son to see the ducks. - oo Tikes to take some bread for When we throw 5. I'm going for coffee with Chloe. into the water. all swim towards 6 Don't worry about the exam. 6B b Write sentences about Bob with love, hate, like, not like, or not mind and a verb. ‘a Write the -ing form of the verbs in the chart. © loos match enbioPhone be cary chat come close drive have Lin computer stores sports magazines ne hit listen phone say travel swap {housework in the evening | RexS wehans LE forbuses salad for lunch BS old fims letters ‘He loves talking on his iPhone, driving ; rs 2 7 shop > shopping 3 a 4 9 sera - 5 6c . b Complete the dialogues with do/does or am/is/ are. Put the phrases in the correct column. ‘A When are you going home? B 1am going next Friday. 1 A___hegoodat sport? B Yes,he the best in our hungry havea brother on your way home class. bored use acomputer inthe team 2 A Who they waiting for? B They ___ waiting for Jenny. like fish and chips over 18. ready yet 3 A___Sallyhavea cat? B No, she lke them. speak French like aa you like your birthday present? B Yes, it beautiful. 5 A What __ you doing this evening? B|___ know, haven't decided. 6 A Why Mark wearing a tie? B He ___ a job interview. 7A we doing a test on Monday? B Yes, think we an English test. BA the students get up late? B No they __, they get up early. 7 GRAMMAR BANK 7A past simple of be: was / were Vincent van Gogh was an artist. Was he Dutch or French? ‘She wasn’t in class yesterday. The Beatles were famous in the 1960s, Where were you last night? You weren't at home. + We use was / were to talk about the past, + We often use was / were with past time expressions, e.g. yesterday, last night, jn 2074, ete. * We use was / were with born. Iwas born in Scotland. 7B past simple: regular verbs 1 I booked the fights yesterday. We arrived at the airport at 10.00 this morning 2 When | was young | watched TV every night. I worked as a waiter every weekend when | was at university ‘+ We use the past simple for: 1 finished actions that happened once in the past. 2 finished actions that happened more than once in the past. * Contraction: didn’t = did not. ‘+ Regular verbs in the past lend in -ed, e.g worked, lived, played. ‘The past simple is the same for all persons (you, she, etc.) + We use did / didn’t + infinitive for past simple and El Didis the past of do. 7C past simple: irregular verbs | went to Iceland in December. | didn’t go to New York. Did you go to a party? Who did you go with? ‘+ Some verbs are irregular in the past @jand change their form, 2.9, go went, have ~ had. * We only use the irregular past form in sentences. bought a bag last night. + We use the infinitive after did / didn't. Did you go outlast night? NOT Did-youwent? + Remember word order in questions: ASI (Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive), e.g. Did you go shopping yesterday? QUASI (Questicn word, Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive), e.g. Where did you go? Look at the list of irregular verbs on pp.28-29. D can /eould The past smgle of cans could, We add not to make negatives and revere the subject and vr to make questions 1 We could se the whole cy from the plane {5 couldn't ste him, NOT telih-con seem, Covid you wearjeans when you wer at schoo!? 7A a Complete the past simple sentences with was/ wasn’t or were/ weren't. present simple It’s very cold this week. Wasit cold last week too? 1 l'min South America now. Last year! in Canada 2. They are ready now. They ready an hour ago. 3 Is tomorrow your birthday? Yesterday my birthday. 4 It’s hot. We're in the garden. you in the garden this, morning? 5 Whereis that book? tt on the table earlier 6 My parents are away. - they here at Christmas? 7 Peter isn’t here today. He here yesterday either. 8 Your new glasses are pretty. I think the old ones better. 7B a. Rewrite the sentences in the past simple with yesterday. Present Past We use a dictionary. We used a dictionary yesterday. ENTRY CHECKER Complete the dialogues with was, wasn't, were, or weren't. ‘A Were you bom in America, Katie? B No.I? A Oh, But? you living there for a time? B Yes that's right, 1?____ born in Scotland, but!“ at school in the USA. A$ ____ your family all there too? B Yes, my parents *__both working there. ar you on holiday last week? B Yes,1®____ away in Italy ‘A your sister with you? B No, she ® 1 with my ‘tiend Sally. We lke doing different things, so we ‘together the whole time. Complete the sentences with a verb in the past simple. ‘donee not listen cry She danced with her boyfriend at the ish play not 1. Do you goto the theatre? nightelub. 2 We shop at the supermarket. 1 We tennis atthe park yesterday. 3 I don't take my phone to class. _ 2 I'm afraid she _____to what | said 4 Does he have coffee with Tim? 3. My mother when she heard the 5. They walk to the station. —_ news. & She carries her bag with her. 4 Most ofthe class the exam paper 7 Don't you want to meet her? justin time. 8 I work at home. 5 I left a message on my friend's mobile but she me back 7c Correct the information using the word a Complete the text with the verbs in brackets in the past simple. Monica and | went (go) shopping on Saturday. We '__(drive) to the station then (catch) the train to Bath. When we 3 (get) there we (drink) coffee outdoors in the Cathedral Square. Thon we both * (buy) some clothes, and later on we é (s2e) alm. We were so tired that on our way back we” (sleep) on the train, We really enjoyed our day out. b Complete the questions in the past simple. Where did you have lunch? | had lunch at college. 1. What time to bed? | went to bed at 11 o'clock. 2 your boyfriend at university? No, I met him at a dance, 3 What 7 Late beans on toast 4 the Shakespeare play? Yes, | really enjoyed it. 5 How your old friends? l found them on Facebook in brackets. She bought a flat. (house) ‘She didn’t buy a fat. She bought a house, 1 They ordered lasagne. (pizza) 2 | paid the bill wth cash. (credit cara) 3 Donna got the best marks. (Alan) 4 You arrived an hour late. (half an hour) 5. He went to Newcastle University (Manchesten) 8 8A past simple: regular and irregular 1 was/ were and could Ei Gordon was Jeremy’s business partner. They were at his country house They could hear a strange noise. Eishe wasn't at home last right. You weren't very nice to he. I couldn't sleep {21 Wore you ill yesterday? When was he born? ‘Could you see anybody in the brary? 2 regular verbs [realy liked the present. She wanted to be 2 doctor. E]she didn’t enjoy the concert. They didn’t arrive until very late Did you watch the match lastnight? When did you finish the book? 3 irregular verbs I went to Pars lst summer. She slept on the sof [ElHe didnt come home last night. They didn't hear the music Did you speak to your sister yesterday? Where did you have lunch GRAMMAR BANK 1 The past of bes was / were, and the past of can is could. We add not to make negatives and reverse the subject and verb to make questions. 2 Regular verbs add -ed or -din the past simple i e.g want-wanted, ike—fiked. 3 Irregular verbs change their form in the past _go-went, see-saw. ‘+ Regular and irregular verbs (except can) use: = didn't + infinitve to make negatives, e.g. | didn’t like it She didn't seg him. = did + subjact + infinitive to make questions, e.g, Did you want to come? Where did she go? ples, e.g. | went to Paris last summer. She slept on the sofa. 8B there is / there are, some / any + plural nouns singular plural There's a garage. El There isn't a swimming pool Aves, there is No, there isn’t Yes, there are, No, there aren't there is/ there are + We use there is / there are to say that something exists or doesn't exist, e.g. There's a bathroom upstairs. There isn't a bathroom downstairs. + We use there is +a singular noun and there are + plural nouns. + There isis often contracted to There's, There are is not usually contracted, ‘= When we talk about a lst of things we use there is ifthe first word in the list is singular or there are if the first word in the lists plural. In my bedroom there's a bed, two chairs, and a desk In the living room there are two armchairs and a sofa, 8C there was / there were singular plural There were four lamps. There weren't any ghosts. Were there any windows? There was a big mirror. ElThere wasn't a TV. )Was there a bathroom? Yes, there was. Yes, there were. [HINo, there wasn't No, there weren't, ‘There are some pictures on the wall. ‘Thore aren't any plants in the room, lls there a bathroom downstairs? Are there any neighbours with children? a/an, some, and any ‘+ We often use there is/ isn’t with a/ an, and there are / aren't with some and any. ‘+ We use some and any with plural nouns. Some = not en exact number, e.g. There are some eggs in the hidge. ‘+ We use some in sentences and any in and. PD There is / There are or It is / They are? Be careful. There is and itis are different. There's a key on the table, It’s the key to the kichen There are three bedrooms in the fat. They're all uite small. + there was / there were is the past of there is/ there are. We use there was / there were to say that something existed ‘or didn't exist, eg. There were two computers in the office, but there wasn'ta printer. 8A 2. Complete the dialogue using the past simple of the verbs in brackets. ‘A Last year we had (have) a holiday in Ireland, Bt your father A Yes, he? (go) out fishing in a boat. B How many fish > he AHe4_ (catch) about five. B What® he (4) with them? 6 you — eat) them for tea? A Yes, we? (Cook) them and * (cat) them with chips Be {b0) they good to eat? A Yes, because they (taste) so fresh, (go) fishing there? 2 (catch) ENTRY CHECKER b Complete the text with the past simple of the verbs in brackets. Last weekend | went (go) shopping and (buy) a new pair of trousers. (get) home and (ty) ther on again, | 4 {find) they §_(not fi) properly My mother ® (tell) me to take them back to the shop. When I” (explain) to the manager that | ®_ (vant) to return them, she? and ® (agree) (give) me my money back. a Complete with or 1 of There's or There are. Is there a cinema in your town? There's a new shop in the mall El or sentences with there is/are + a/an, some or any. café/the village There's a café in the village, 1 [Zl carpets/the house 2 2 El good films/TV ; some fowerson te a 3G new teacher/our school a eed 4D diary/the kitchen table : 2 3 some fish Inthe river 5 E mik/the shop a ony (wees ip tive Patk 6 Gold portraits/the art gallery 5 a computer on the desk 7 (ol bcyrlen/the gueege eI any new students today? 8 2 furnitures the flat — i — ee 9G] children/the classroom =e oy pre per a 10 [2] interesting play/the theatre 9 ‘a mirror in the bedroom? ae 10 an old house next docx. 8c b Complete the sentences with there a Complete the dialogue with the correct form of there was or there were. ‘A Were there many of your family atthe inedding? B Yes, * _ quite a few, but 2 {enough space to invite them al Ab —a meal after the wedding? BYes,* aband. At first © but people soon joined in. ‘A How many children? 2 a meal, then > anyone dancing, Be __five girls, but? = any boys. ‘A How many guests" __ altogether? B About 60. was/were/wasn't/weren't + a/an, or some/ any. We didn’t stay long at the party because there weren't any people there we knew. 1 We chose that hotel because next door. 2 I waited ten minutes to park the car because spaces free. good restaurant 3 We wore our warmest clothes because cold wind, 4. She went into the shop because___ delicious cakes in the window. 5 strange sounds coming from our neighbours’ house. 6 I didn't order tea because fresh milk avaiable. ‘man outside the hotel who was taking photos ofall the stars as they arrived, 8 unusual flowers growing in my aunt's garden, 9 GRAMMAR BANK 9A countable / uncountable nouns, a/an, some / any ‘Countable (Uncountable a/an, some /any gy @ A ) countable uncountable os Bl an apple. ‘some butter. Fa ElWe need some apples. c an apple three apples meat aaa * English nouns can be countable and uncountable. eens any tomatoes. aaa countable = things you can count, eg, apples. Countable an orange? nouns can be singular (an apple) or plural (apples) TDoweneed — Shyoranges? RY Sug? uncountable = things you can't count, e.g. rice, meat NOT tworices-theemeots + We use a /.an wth singular countable nouns. a/ an = one. Uncountable nouns are normally singular. + We use some in with plural countable nouns and with '* Some nouns can be countable or uncountable, e.g. ice cream. uncountable nouns. + Wee use any in 51 and {with plural countable nouns and with uncountable nouns. Cy D some in We use some nto ask for and offer things. euiee tree Gavel 2 Sone 6s caer RORY Can thave some suger, leone? Wout you fe womne colle? 9B quantifiers + We use How much...? with uncountable nouns and How many...? with plural countable nouns. uncountable short full answers + We use: (singular) answers a lot(of) with countable and uncountable nouns for @ big quantity How much sugardo Alot. leat alot of sugar you eat? Quite slot. leat quite alot of sugar, tea lot (of for a medium quantity. Alitte Heat little sugar a little / not...nuch with uncountable nouns for a Not much. don't eat much sugar. small quantity. None. I don't eat any sugar a few /not..mary with countable plural nouns for @ small quantity, countable (plural) rnot..any (nonein short answers) for zero quanti How many sweets Alot leat a lot of sweets ev aezere auanl do you eat? Quite alot. leat quite alot of a lot of and much / many sweets + Inqasentences we usually use a lot of A few. leat a few sweets + Incasentences and aiwe usually use much and many. Not many. Idon’t eat many sweets | don’t drink much water. Do you drink much coffee? None. Idon’t eat any sweets. + Itisalso possibe to use a lot ofin and. ona | don't eat a lot of vegetables. Do you drink a lot of coffee? PB allot of and lots of Alt ofand lots of mean the same thing, 0g. He eats lot of cheese / lots of cheese 9C comparative adjectives adjective comparative spelling old older ene sable adjectives: +r ‘Awhale is louder than a lon me or the adjective end in ‘Canada is bigger than the USA. ieee ‘ oa a at = K2 is more difficult to climb than Mount Everest. big bigger ‘adjzctives ending one vowel + one consonant: My new job is better than my old one. ee lds Hoh steomreet Pi The traffic is always worse in the evening, dry ‘rier ne ‘wo-ylable accvesendng consonant healdy healthier ye ier * We use comparative adjectives + than to compare [lig il meld eels eevesencng eno alae en tne ey eeepiat te femout mare famout two oF more ylableajective: more + adjectie ‘expensive more expensive ‘good better regular bad worse for further ENTRY CHECKER 9A b Complete the dialogue with a, an, some, or any. A Let’s make a list of everything we need from the shops. w B Yes, we need some ingredients for our meal tonight. S & A Shellwemeke’ clon ond pst dah B Wiel need". meat fst Dowehove? ole off & se &) a ‘A We have some, but let's buy* extra bottle. 7 B Vict ascnecd’. rion and ometes a + A Yes, there aren't? left in the fridge. e ge B Dowe nud the vogtblee same toast a Write a, an, or some + a food/drink word. ‘A We could add?__ mushrooms B That sounds good. Is that everything? 1 4 7 ‘A We could buy ® wine as well 5 8 B OK sounds great! 6 OB b Gircle)the correct word or phrase. . ‘She doesn't buy much franj)magazines, Hop muci time does he spend online? 2A How much milk do we have? B Quite a lot/Much. 1 fear cl shoes does she fave! 3 They don't have much/many photographs. @ Magoo need 4 A Do you have any apple trees in your garden? B A litte/A few. Wa 5. We didn't order not many/ many DVDs from that website Sr nm the vilege? 6 A Do youmake many/much cakes? B Quite a lot/Quite a lot of 3 pce goes she. arinkt 7 There are much/a lot of different ways to cook fish 2 occa erat 8 A Did you buy any/ much of his paintings? B. Not much /None. 7 ____ money did you spend? They weren't very good. 8 work have they done? 9 A Did your father catch a lot of fish? B No, not many/not much 9 people lve in your house? 10 A What do you think we should do next? 10 cheese should | buy? B Sorry, I don’t have no/ any ideas. 9c b Complete with a comparative adjective + than. ‘Swimming with someone else is safer than swimming on your own. (safe) 1 After! had done some housework, the house looked much before. (clean) a Write the comparative form of these adjectives. old older 2 The hotel is. in the summer. in the spring. (full) 1 nice ‘3 The examresultsare === sthery were last year. (bad) 2 big = 4 Lam usually —— iy fiend, She worries alot about 3 hot things. (optimistic) 4 difficult —— 5 The bus station is___ to my house the train station. (near) 5 good = 6 into “than my sister. She's very short. tll 6 expensive — 7 Your photos of our holiday are mine, (good) 7 healthy aa 8 The River Thames is any otherrverin England. long) 8 bad a 9 The houses by he soa aro those inthe town 9 famous centre. (colourful) 10 dry ar 10 I think my diet is ___ my brother's; leat lots of fruit. (healthy) 1 0 GRAMMAR BANK 410A superlative adjectives It's the oldest bridge in the world It's the most popular shopping street in Europe. ‘She's the best student in the class Monday isthe worst day of the week. ‘+ We use the + superlative adjective to say which is the (biggest, etc) in a group. ‘+ After superlatives, we use in (not of + places, e.g. the longest road in the world, the tallest building in New York. 40B be going to (plans), future time expressions ¥'m going to have a holiday next month ¥’m not going to study English ‘Are you going to fly to Paris? ‘+ We use be going to + verb (infinitive) to talk about future plans. ‘+ We often use future time expressions with going to, e.g. tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, etc. 10C be going to (predictions) + We can use be going to + verb (infinitive) to make 3 predictions (= to say what you think or can see is ‘going to happen inthe future} I thinkit’s going to rin You're going to be very happy. \'m sure they're going to win, ENTRY CHECKER 10A b Complete the sentences with a superlative. Use the adjectives in ; brackets. @ Write the opposite. ‘The British Library has some of the oldest books in the world. (old) the tallest the shontest 1 Leanne has voice in our class. loud) 1 the weakest — 2 My parents say that Mamma Mialis— film they have ever seen, 2 the fastest (good) 3 the youngest — 3. Adam always catches train to London. (early) 4 the coldest 4 Thisis one of roads in the country. (bad) 5 the driest = 5 New Years traditional Chinese holiday. (important) 6 the most dangerous 6 This lamp gives light in the room. (bright) 7 the worst 7 The internet isn't always _____place to find information. (easy) 8 the easiest - 8 We thought it was building inthe city. (beautiful) 10B b Complete the sentences with (be) going to + a verb. ‘a Complete the sentences with the correct form of be going to and the verb in brackets. It's my father's birthday soon. 'm going to buy him some plants for his garden. (buy) 1 We ___ about pronouns this week, (learn) 21 my bicycle to work. (not ride) 3 Jeremy to Edinburgh this weekend. (rive) 4 When we go.on holiday we —_ laptops at home. (leave) 5 Maria _ me some photos. (send) 6 Ill come with you if you to the shops (walk) 7 We've decided we 2 gym. (join) 8 Ourneighbours a party. (have) 10C ‘a Write predictions for the pictures. NZ Ny rs A be catch meke play send B eromelette anemail thebus tennis anice day He's going to make an omelette. not wait cook meet not play not read wash write take I've invited friends for dinner. 'm going to cook a big meal 1 Mysistersays she a book when she has time. 2 We're going out tonight. ___my hair. 3 Im sorry but if you're late for the train | for you 4. My fiends and | are going to the theatre tonight. They me there si any more horror stories. They frighten me too much. 6 My brother says that when he fies to Italy he a sandwich with him to eat on the plane. 7 Their game of tennis has been going on all afternoon. They any more today. b Complete the predictions with (be) going to and averb. feet lose need not win find not buy not come enjoy look IF you eat too much ice cream, you're going to fel ater 1. Remember to keep your keys safe, or you them 2 She's bought a lovely dress, She great at the wedding. 3 Ifthey don’t get some more goals, they the game. 4 It's great fim. fm sure you it 5. Those cakes cost too much. People them 6 You'll need to get to town early if you a parking space. 7 He's very late. Pethaps he 8 We ___ some fuel soon. Let's stop at a garage. atall 11 GRAMMAR BANK 41A adverbs (manner and modifiers) adverbs of manner 1 She wants to live independently Her children always speak politely. She eats very quickly. 2 Iwork hard, We speak English wel, + We use adverbs of manner to say how. people do things, + Adverbs usually go after the verb or verb» phrase. I speak English well. NOT tspeak-well English: 1 We normally form adverbs by adding -ly to adjectives. 2 Some adverbs are irregular. They can be the same as the adjective, e.g. fast, hard, oradifferent word, e.g. well very, quite, really, etc. Itisn't very expensive. quietly The exams are quit cfficut Sho drives incredibly fst. ‘careful carefully They speak really slowly. er est) Consonenh yyy + We use the adverbs ven aut Ye es “ ete. to modify adjectives or other “posstole,| Powsibly,. lem» ay adverbs. (good well * They always go before the fast fast. iragular-* adjective or adverb, herd herd - D Words ending in -ly Be careful. Some words that end in-ly aren't adverbs, ¢.g. friendly (+ adjective) He's a friendly person. = Remember the difference betweer adjectives and adverbs. 'm a careful driver. (carefulis an adjective. Itdescribes the noun, diver) | drive carefully. (carofuly is an advarb. Itdescribes the verb, drive.) 11B verb + to + infinitive 1 Lwant to travel for six months. She decided to go to Australia, You need to practise every day. When did you learn to play the guitar? 2 Would you like to go to Africa? | wouldn' like to be famous. PD would like and lke 1d like to danc ike dancing. want to dance, ny tI tke itn general 1 Many verbs are often followed by another verb in the infinitive with to, ‘These include want, need, learn, promise, decide, plan, choose, try, remember, forget, and hope. 2 I would like to = | want to (now or in the future). would like is also followed by to + infinitive. * Contractions: ‘d = would, wouldn't = would not. + We can also use Would you like...?to offer, e.g. Would you like a drink? * would like is the same for all persons. 11 definite article 1 the Can you close the window, please? Can you check their address on the internet? It's the best restaurant | know. 2 no article Men are usually more interested in sport than women, She's my mother's cousin. That's Tom's chair! What time did you have breakfast? Jim goes to school by bus, Karen’s studying physics at university BD alanor the? 1 We use the: + when itis clear what we are talking about, ¢9. Close the window. = the window that is open. + when there is only one of something, eg, the internet, the sun, ete + before superiatve adjectives eg. the biggest, the best, etc 2 We don’t usually use the: + when we talk about people or things in genera. Men are more intrested in sport than women, (general) BUT The women inthis class work harder than the men, (pect) \We often use athe fist ime we mention a person or thing. The next time we use the because ite now clear what we are talking about, 2g, Let's have a piza, The pizzas are very good here, += before possessive She's my mother’s cousin. NOT She'sthe-mymotherseousin: = with: meals: have breskfast, lunch, dinner, etc. by + transport: go by car, travel by train, etc. general places: work, school, university, bed, home. 1A a Adjective or adverb?Circle)the correct form. Don't drive so slow Glow, or well be late Imade a stupid stupidly mistake. Please finish your work as quick/quickly as you can. My new dress fits me perfect/ perfectly. There are incredible/ incredibly views from the tower. The food in this restaurant is real/really expensive. Hor children speak English very good/well On Fridays my brother wears casual/casually clothes. The girls were chatting happy/happily to each other. ‘The weather is too bad /badly for sailing, They dance beautiful/ beautifully together. ENTRY CHECKER b Complete with adverbs from these adjectives. dangerous polite good heelthy quick hard quiet complete slow We try to eat healthily as often as we can. 1. Some young people drive more people. You speak Italian very The little girl spoke very You'll need to study Please close the door you run you'll catch the next train The basket was _ full of apples. We're early, so we can walk to the cinema than older to her grandmother. to pass your test. when you leave. 11B a Complete the sentences with to + a verb from the list. say open see study have pay fail 11 focus swim read grow up We've done some extra work because we don't want to fail In our first lesson, we are going __on verbs. | decided my presents when my parents arrived, She doesn't want __that she's worried in case her friend gets angry. My brother wants in the sea on our holiday. It’s possible with cash or by credit card. came to the UK __ English at college. My litte sister can’t wait to We're planning _a big party at the end of this term. Ve like all Charlotte Bronte's novels. I'm taking my nephew a film. a Gircle) the correct word or phrase. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Could you close door/(the doof)please? It's best/ the best cafe | know. What time do you have dinner/ the dinner? I'm going to study maths at the university / at university Can you buy it on the internet / internet? ove travelling by train / by the train. like clear nights when you can see moon / the moon. I'm going to visit my cousin at weekend / at the weekend. |'m going to stay at home / at the home tonight Would you like to have coffee / the coffee with me? love playing the football / football ; she wants to be my age. b Gircle)the correct form, Tike buy/&@ bup fashionable clothes. 1 Let's go to shop/shopping this weekend, Ie lovely to hear/hearng the birds singing outside the window. 3 like having/to have a holiday in Merico, 4 love eat/ eating in talon restaurants 5. My mather hopes opening/to open a tea shop next year. 6 just need send/to send this email 7 Lara realy enjoys to make/making cakes. 8 My parents wanted to know/knowing how old my boyfriend was. 9 We need book/to book our seats for the concert, 10 My friend enjoys teach/ teaching children to pay the piano Complete with the, a/an, or -. John isthe tallest person in our class. 1 We're going to have breakfast at the cafe, 2 ____ children want some ice cream, 3. When you do finish _ college? 4 Hilmeet you at home. 5 walked to town centre to get some exercise 6 Laura doesn’t lke cats, 7 He bought most expensive jacket. 8 Let'sgoby ____car.It's too far to walk. 9 Let's eat at this cafe. food is very good. 10 Dont sit in sun for too long, 12 12A present perfect 1. A Have you seen the new Matt Damon film? B Yes, Ihave, ‘She hasn't read any books in English, 2 Have you ever read a Russian novel? (ve never worked in an office. 3 Have you finished the exercise? Your parents have arrived. They're in the living room, 11 We use the present perfect when we talk or ask about ‘events in the past, but when we don't say or ask when, 2 We often use the present perfect with ever = at any time in your life) and never (= at no time in your life). 3 We also use the present perfect to talk about recent events, 9. I've finished my homework. ies. ge eo Naa oe ve alee ove He/Shefither” | Ho/Sho/ ite | tean hatin: he have Weve Thorton They GRAMMAR BANK fulform of have contacton Past partite 11 You Wer Thoyrave not haven't He/She /Ithas not hasn't seen Saat i a Yos.1/sou/we/ No. you/me/ le rraiee koste aae (en oe fig, tie? Yes,he/she/ No, he/she/it Hashes i cr pots ‘= To make the present perfect we use have / has + the past participle of the verb. + 's= has in present perfect. infinitive past simple pact participle i liked liked want wanted wanted * Post participles of regular verbs are the same as the past simple. infinitive past simple past participle read ris) teed ied read red! + Past participles of irregular verbs are sometimes the same as the past simple, eg. read ired/ but sometimes different, e.g. seen Look at the list of irregular verbs on pp.28-29. 12B present perfect or past simple? A Have you been to that new Italian restaurant? B Yes, | have. ‘A When did you go there? B I went last weekend. ‘A Who did you go with? B I went with some people from work. * We often use the present perfect to ask / tell somebody about a past action for the first time. We don't ask / say when the action happened. Have you been to that new italian restaurant? * Then we use the past simple to ask / talk about the details. ‘When did you go there?" “I went last weekend, ‘+ We use the past simple NOT the present perfect with when ‘and past time expressions, e.g. yesterday, last week. When did you see the fm? NOT Wher-have-you-seen-the- len? Jsaw it last week NOT Hve-seenitlest week been or gone? A Have you ever been to Italy? B Yes, I've been :o Rome three times. A My sister has gone to Italy to study Italian. * been and gonehave different meanings. been is the past participle of be, and gone is the past participle of go. * In the present perfect we use been to (NOT gene-te OR ‘beeerin) to say shat somebody has visited a place. I've been to Rome three times. Have you been to the new Italian restaurant in George Street? ‘+ We use gone to when somebody goes to a place and is stil there. My parents have gone to the USA for their holidays. They're having a fantastic time. + Compare: [Nick has been to Paris. = He visited Paris and came back at some time in the past. Nick has gone to Paris. Paris now. le went to Paris and he isin ENTRY CHECKER 12A ¢ Write a sentence in the present perfect for each picture. Use the verbs a. Write the sentences with contractions. He has eaten all the pies ‘He's eaten all the pies. 1 She has not been abroad before. 2 They have studied at Oxford University 3. He has always told the truth 4 Thave been on holiday. 5. We have not done our homework yet. b Write & 2) and [)| sentences in the present perfect. My sister/make some new friends at university ‘Myssister has made some new friends at university 1 You/bring your dog with you 2 [2] we/buy enough food for tonight 3 E] The bus/come yet 4 Bi] I/send invitations to all my friends 5 E] she/receive the email yet 6 H René/break his glasses 7 El my parents/ever use satnav 8 [2] youhear/the news today 9 i I/write everything in my diary 10 [2] Martina /choose her new computer yet the box. go havo win broak reed buy an accident on his motorbike. the cup. his leg, anewcar to the beach, Traven't mi8i/| didn't meet the new teacher yet 1 My Tiand hasn't liked did't ike the hotel where we stayed in New York 2 We sang/we've sung a French song today 3. Have you ever swum/did you ever swim a mile? 4. They've driven/They drove all the way tothe south of France : 5. She's sat/she sat up late watching TV. b_ Circle) the correct form, My friends have moved house. They've been/goné) to Manchester 1 I've gone/been to the cash machine, so | can pay for my food nov. 2. She's not at her desk. She's been /gone to the library. 3. Idlike to visit Spain. ve never gone/been there. 4 My brother has been/gone to the USA. He'll be away for six months. 5. Have you ever gone/been to the National Theatre? Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or past simple. A Have you arrived in the UK recently? (arrive) B Yes, | got here last Monday. (get) AHow' you the country so far? (find) B Good! Most people 2 ___ friendly and helpful. (be) A3___ you ___ alone? (travel) B No, another student from my school (come) ‘A That's great! What ® arrived? (do) B Well, we* __ already __our classes, so I've been busy. (start) ‘A Ihope you?___ some free time too? (have) B Yes, we®___a day in London (spend) A? you ___the city? (ike) B Yes, very much, But |°__many of the sights yet, so I'm looking forward to our next trip! (not seo) ‘A Enjoy your stay here! with me. you ___since you Past par | been /bisn’ become begin /brgin/ | begun /br'gan/ break /brerk/ broken /braukan/ bring Morin) [ brought /brs: brought i 7 built butt? pee bought /ba:t/ =| Bought eT at could Ikud = Sree catch ike! ‘caught /kott/ eeught ge choose iif chose four! chosen Mjavznl come /kam! ‘came /kerin/ come js cost /kost! cost cost cut kat’ - Gi Aeee: cut do id! id kid! done dian dream ivi dreamt dremt dreamt (dremt! {also dreamed) (@'s0 dreamed) drink ddrigk! drank fdraenk! drunk idragk! Ei drive fdrarv/ — drove dlrauv/ diiven /driva/ eat fit ate fet! ~ [eaten Fistn/ fall | fell | fallen Mfotlon! feel Mi “Felt elt | felt “find /faind/ found ifaund/ found ae fly lau! flow flu flown [floon! forget oiget) forgot fidgot! forgotten ifsgoin! get ket! - got fgnt? [get give ig gave igetv! iven Fgival

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