Smart Cctv Camera Surveillance System
intelligent surveillance system that can
ABSTRACT
Closed-circuit television which could be abbreviated
as CCTV, has become an most efficient commodity
nowadays for numerous applications. The
improvement of CCTV has changed from a basic
detached reconnaissance into an incorporated savvy
control framework. In order to create an integrated
system that is automatic, effective, and efficient, this
study uses facial recognition and motion detection in
video footage of CCTV as a source for decision
making. There are three outputs from this CCTV
video process: gives information on detecting face,
identification of the face, and motion detection. For
face detection, the Haar Classifiers Cascade method
and the Accumulative Differences Images (ADI)
method are utilized, While Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) is used for extracting the features.
The motion detection method works best under real-
time conditions.
Keywords— CCTV, face recognition, monitor,
motion, opencv2.
I.INTRODUCTION
Every business is concerned about security in some
way. The organizations use surveillance cameras to
address this problem. The fact that an operator is
required to watch the stream from the cameras and
make appropriate decisions is a limitation of their
use. Camera-based surveillance is now used for a
variety of purposes, including environment, threat
analysis, tracking, and security. It is possible to
automate the process by making use of the power
of current hardware and computing technology.
This procedure is now effective and applicable to a
wide range of applications.
In this paper, Surveilancing through Smart CCTV
camera technique, sets out to improvise the current
CCTV camera-based security systems. Wireless
technology was used in the design of this system as
well as the CCTV cameras. The importance of
using a surveillance system for image detection is
growing. OpenCV's Smart CCTV project is
motivated by the creation of
automatically detect and track people in real-time
using computer vision techniques. This system can
be used for a variety of applications, such as
security and monitoring in public spaces, traffic
management, and crowd control. The traditional
CCTV systems are passive in nature and require
human operators to monitor the cameras and
identify any suspicious activities. This can be a
time-consuming and error-prone process, and may
not be effective in detecting certain types of
activities. The Smart CCTV project aims to
enhance the features like detecting and recognizing
the face, tracking the motion and their respective
activity in order to automate the surveillance
process. The system can be programmed to detect
specific objects or activities, such as people and
alert the authorities in real-time. By using OpenCV,
a popular computer vision library, the Smart CCTV
system can be easily developed and deployed on a
variety of hardware platforms. The system can be
designed to work with existing CCTV
infrastructure, or it can be used as a standalone
system with its own cameras.Overall, the Smart
CCTV project in OpenCV has the potential to
greatly enhance the effectiveness of traditional
CCTV systems, by providing real-time automated
surveillance and alerting the authorities to potential
security threats in a timely manner.
II.LITEARATURE REVIEW:
"A Smart Video Surveillance System using
OpenCV" by Singh and Gupta (2018) [1]. The
authors propose a system that uses OpenCV to
analyze video feeds in real-time to detect and track
objects, and then alert security personnel if certain
conditions are met. The system is designed to be
modular and scalable, and could be utilized for
varied applications, including intrusion detection,
traffic monitoring, and crowd surveillance.
Another paper that uses OpenCV in smart CCTV is
"Real-Time Object Detection and Tracking for
Smart CCTV Surveillance System" by Elarabi et al.
(2019) [2]. The authors describe a system that uses
OpenCV to detect and track objects in real-time,
and then uses machine learning techniques to
classify the objects into different categories, such
as people, vehicles, and animals. The system also
includes features such as face recognition and
license plate recognition, which is applicable to the
applications that monitors public safety, traffic, and
retail analytics.
In "Smart CCTV Surveillance System Using
Raspberry Pi and OpenCV" by Reddy and Rao
(2020) [3], the authors describe a system that uses
OpenCV on a Raspberry Pi to analyze video feeds
from CCTV cameras. The system includes features
such as object detection, face recognition, and
motion detection, and inclusive for a range of
applications, including security and surveillance,
traffic monitoring, and crowd management.
"Intelligent surveillance system for suspicious
event detection in public transportation" by I. N.
Figueiredo et al. (2021). This paper proposes an
intelligent surveillance system that uses smart
CCTV cameras to detect suspicious events in
public transportation. The system utilizes computer
vision algorithms to analyze video footage and
identify potentially dangerous situations, such as
unattended luggage or individuals acting
suspiciously. The authors demonstrate the
effectiveness of their system in detecting suspicious
events in a real-world scenario.
"Smart CCTV for abnormal event detection" by R.
Rajkumar et al. (2021)This paper presents a smart
CCTV system that uses machine learning
algorithms to detect abnormal events in video
footage. The system is designed to learn from a
large dataset of normal and abnormal events, in
addition with the help of the obtained knowledge it
helps detecting novel abnormal moments in real-
time. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of
their system in detecting a range of abnormal
events, including fights and car accidents.
III. EXISTING SYSTEM:
The high-level feature maps of the images were
extracted using a convolutional neural network as
the first neural network. This will reduce the input
complexity of the second neural network. We are
using inceptionV3, a pre-trained model created by
Google. This model, one of the most popular object
identification models, uses transfer learning. This
has many parameters, and training them all can
take a while. A lot of this work is now made easier
because transfer learning uses a model that has
already been learned. The model is retrained to
handle the weights of new classes after learning for
a variety of classes, such as ImageNet. To infer
meaning from the series of events shown over a
predetermined period of time, the second neural
network is used as a recurrent neural network.
Using this model, the video clips will be
categorized as either dangerous or safe.
DISADVANTAGE
 Algorithm is a image processing technique
it not used for monitoring.
 Less efficiency.
 Slow process.
 image processing method is not perform
well.
 False alarms
 Limited functionality
 Limited coverage
 Passive surveillance
IV.SCOPE & APPLICATION
The scope and application of smart CCTV systems
are vast, with potential use cases in a variety of
industries. Here are some examples:Security: One
of the most common applications of smart CCTV is
in security and surveillance. Smart CCTV systems
can be used to monitor and secure public places
such as airports, train stations, shopping malls, and
public streets. These systems can also be used in
private settings such as homes, offices, and
warehouses to monitor and protect against theft,
vandalism, and unauthorized access.The scope and
application of smart CCTV systems will continue
to expand as technology advances and new use
cases emerge. With the ability to analyze large
amounts of video data in real-time, smart CCTV
systems offer a powerful tool for improving
security, safety, and operational efficiency in a
wide range of settings.
 V.PROPOSED SYSTEM: Identify the Family Member feature:

In this day and age, security and safety are major
concerns. The major focus of the paper is to present
one such concept for safeguarding one's own
property. We intend to offer a cutting-edge CCTV
surveillance system as part of this project. Camera
are introducing for live streaming and checking
reason. When an unidentified face is detected, this
system notifies the owner and uses face recognition
as an authentication method.
Face
data
It is one of the most eminent feature of the paper
which helps detecting the person in the frame
which is processed in two major steps :
Locate the faces within the frames. Predict the
person from a model that has already been trained
using the LBPH face recognizer algorithm. spotting
faces in the pictures. Haarcascade classifiers, which
are also built into the Python openCV module, are
used to accomplish this. The cascade classifier, or
cascade of boosted classifiers using Haar-like
features, is a particular type of ensemble learning
known as boosting. Several hundred sample images
of both images with and without the object we're
trying to detect are used to train cascade classifiers.
Adaboost classifiers are frequently used (along
with other models like Real Adaboost, Gentle
Adaboost, or Logitboost).

Architecture Vide base

came
Aler o -
rat Mo
capt Fac
mod MOTION DETECTION
tion
ure ele
and The OpenCV library to detect motion in a video
det reco
train
noti stream captured by a webcam or camera. The
ecti gniti
ing
find_motion function is defined, which sets up a
fica Fig 1 Architecture diagram video capture object from the default camera, waits
on on for 2 seconds, and captures the first frame.The
tion function enters a while loop that reads subsequent
PROPOSED MODULE frames from the video capture object and calculates
the difference between the former and the latter
frame using the cv2.absdiff function.The difference
image is then thresholded using the cv2.threshold
Face Identification function to produce a binary image where motion is
represented by white pixels and the background is
represented by black pixels.Then finds contours in
Motion Detection the thresholded image using the cv2.findContours
function and filters the contours by area to
In out Detection eliminate noise.If the number of remaining
contours is greater than 5, the code assumes that
motion has been detected and sets the
Monitor motion_detected flag to True.The cv2.putText
function is used to add text to the thresholded
Visitors in room detection image indicating that motion has been detected.

Flow diagram

Fig 2 Proposed module

FACE IDENTIFICATION

Op
en
cv
Fig 3 Flow diagram
IN OUT DETECTION
OpenCV in Python to detect motion and perform a
specific action when motion is detected. The in_out
function sets up a video capture object from the
default camera. The function enters a while loop
that reads two frames from the video capture object
and calculates the absolute difference between
them using the cv2.absdiff function. The difference
image is then blurred using the cv2.blur function
and converted to grayscale using the cv2.cvtColor
function. The grayscale image is thresholded to
produce a binary image where motion is
represented by white pixels and the background is
represented by black pixels using the cv2.threshold
function. Then finds contours in the binary image
using the cv2.findContours function. If any
contours are found, the code finds the largest
contour and draws a rectangle around it using the
cv2.rectangle function.Then checks the position of
the rectangle to determine whether a person is
entering or exiting a defined area. If the person
crosses the left boundary (x < 200), the code sets
the left flag to True. If the person crosses the right
boundary (x > 500), the code sets the right flag to
True.If the right flag is set and the person crosses
the left boundary, the code prints a message
indicating that the person has moved to the left and
saves a snapshot of the current frame to a file in the
"visitors/in" directory using the cv2.imwrite
function.
MONITOR FEATURE
This feature is used to identify what has
been stolen from the webcam-viewable frame.
Meaning It continually screens the casings and
checks which article or thing from the edge has
been removed by the criminal. This utilizations
Primary Likeness to track down the distinctions in
the two casings. The first frame is taken when there
is no noise, and the second frame is taken when
there is no noise in the frame.
The similarity of two images is measured using the
SSIM metric. As this strategy has been around
starting around 2004, a ton of material exists
making sense of the hypothesis behind SSIM yet
not many assets dive deep into the subtleties, that
too explicitly for a slope based execution as SSIM
is much of the time utilized as a misfortune
capability.
The Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) metric
extracts 3 key features from an image:
 Luminance
 Contrast
 Structure
Luminance is a value denoted by μ (Mu) which is
determined by averaging all the pixel values.
The comparison of the structure is got by dividing
the input signal with its standard deviation for an
robust outcome which consists of unit standard
deviation.
VISITORS IN ROOM DETECTION
The major important characteristic is this.
It detects the presence of visitors.
The detection of visitors is done by using following
steps: 
Initially, the noise over the frame gets detected.
Then followed by detecting the movement of the
visitors.
Finally, if there is a movement, then it would be
considered as a visitor and captures the frame.
Fig 4 Detection process
Therefore, this particular feature does not contain
any intricate math. Therefore, in order to determine
which side the motion originates from, we first
look for motion, then draw a rectangle over noise,
and finally check the coordinates to see if those
points are on the left side. If so, the motion is
considered to be left motion.
 VI.CONCLUSION
In conclusion, smart CCTV systems have become
an essential tool for enhancing security and
surveillance in various settings such as public
spaces, homes, and businesses. These systems
incorporate advanced technologies like AI,
machine learning, and computer vision to enable
real-time monitoring, video analysis, and decision-
making. Additionally, they have the potential to
prevent and reduce crimes, improve traffic
management, and enhance public safety. The
integration of smart CCTV systems with other
technologies such as facial recognition, object
detection, and tracking, and audio analytics further
enhances their functionality and effectiveness.
However, concerns such as privacy, data security,
and ethical considerations should be addressed to
ensure the responsible deployment and use of these
systems. Future research in this area should focus
on improving the accuracy, reliability, and
scalability of smart CCTV systems, while also
considering the potential social and ethical
implications.
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