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Real Numbers - chapter 1
Order of Operations ( PEDMAS )

1- Parentheses ( )
2- Exponents , a n
3- Multiplication or Division ( Left to Right )
4- Addition or Subtraction ( Left to Right )
1- 5( − 4 − (−3)2 ) =
(a) 25 (c) 50
(b) −50 (d) 10
2- (7 − 5) − 22 − (−3)(2) =
(a) 56 (c) 164

(b) 32 (d) −164
1
Comparing Fractions ( By cross - multiply )

3 5 9 9
1 - Which of the following fractions { , , , } is the greatest ?
5 7 11 13
5 9
(a) (c)
7 11
3 9
(b) (d)
5 13
2 3 7 11
2 - Which of the following fractions { , , , } is the greatest ?
3 5 9 15
2 7
(a) (c)
3 9
3 11
(b) (d)
5 15
2
Operations on fractions (Different Denominators)
‫اﺳم اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ Operations Examples
a c ad + bc 1 1 (1)(3) + (1)(2) 5
Adding + = + = =
b d bd 2 3 (2)(3) 6
a c ad − bc 1 1 (1)(3) − (1)(2) 1
Subtracting − = − = =
b d bd 2 3 (2)(3) 6
a c ac 2 4 (2)(4) 8
Multiplying . = × = =
b d bd 3 5 (3)(5) 15
a c ad 2 4 (2)(5) 10 5
Dividing ÷ = ÷ = = =
b d bc 3 5 (3)(4) 12 6
Remarks :
2 (5 × 3) + 2 17
[1] 3 = =
5 5 5
2
3 2 9 3
[2] = × =
4 3 4 2
9
5 2 10
[3] =5× =
3 3 3
2
2
5 2 2
[4] = =
9 5×9 45
a+b a b
[5] = +
c c c
3
Operations on fractions
5 7 7
1- −( − )=
3 2 5
−1 −97
(a) (c)
30 30
−2 −13
(b) (d)
3 30
2 1 5
2- − ( − )=
3 2 6
7 5
(a) − (c)
12 12
2
(b) − (d) 1
3
4
3 1
3- − =
7−5 3
7−5
5
(a) 0 (c)
6
20
(b) 3 (d)
3
2 12 + 1 12
4-
1 1
=
(2 2 ) . (3 2 )
1 8
(a) 1 (c)
15 9
16
(b) (d) None of the previous
35
5
3
2− 2
5-
3
=
22 −2
1
(a) (c) −2
3
2
2
a a + ab − 2b
6- If + a = 6 , then =
b b
(a) 2 (c) 4
(b) 6 (d) None of the previous
6
Exponents
Exponent ( power )
Base ⟶ xn = x . x . x . . . . . . . . . x
n− times
Examples:
(1) 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
( − 2) = − 2 × −2 × −2 = − 8
3
(2)
2 3 2 2 2 2×2×2 8
(3) ( ) = × × = =
3 3 3 3 3×3×3 27
(4) 32 × 33 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 35
(x) = 1
0
Zero Exponent : , x≠0 And x∈ℜ
Examples:
( − 2) = 1
0
(1)
(108) = 1
0
(2)
1
Negative Exponent : x −1 = , x≠0 And x∈ℜ
x
Examples:
−4 1
(1) 2 = 4
2
1 4
(2) = 2
2−4
7
Zero and Negative Exponents

1
1- 23 − =
3−2
(a) −3 (c) 0
(b) −1 (d) 2
2- 35 + 3−5 =
36 − 1
(a) 1 (c)
3
325 310 + 1
(b) (d)
35 + 1 35
8
Zero and Negative Exponents
1 − 3−2
3- =
3−1 + 3−2
15
(a) 2 (c)
4
−15
(b) −2 (d)
4
Number negative raised n

(1) If n is even , remove the negative sign in the result .
(2) If n is odd , keep the negative sign in the result .
1- (−2)4 + (2)4 =
(a) 0 (c) 32
1
(b) − 32 (d)
32
9
Number negative raised n
( − 1 − (−1) ) =
703
2-
(a) 8 (c) −8
( − 1 − (−1) ) =
713
3-
(a) 8 (c) −8
10
Laws of Exponents
Law Example
1- a n . a m = a n+m 32 . 35 = 32+5 = 37
To multiply two powers of tha same number , add the exponents .
an n−m 36 6−2 4
2- = a = 3 = 3
am 32
To divide two powers of tha same number , subtract the exponents .
3- (a n)r = a n×r (32)3 = 32×3 = 36

To raise a power to a new power , multiply the exponents .
4- (a . b)n = a n . b n (3 × 4)3 = 33 × 43
To raise a product to a power , raise each factor to the power .
a n an 3 5 35
5- ( ) = ( ) = 5
b bn 4 4
To raise a quotient to a power , raise both numerator and denominator
to the power .
a −n b n 3 −2 4 2
6- ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( )
b a 4 3
To raise a fraction to a negative power , invert the fraction and change
the sign of the exponent .
a −n bn 3−2 45
7- = n = 2
b −n a 4−5 3
To move a number raised to a power from numerator and denominator,
change the sign of the exponent .
11
Laws of Exponents ( Bases are Numbers )
1- 3x + 3x + 3x =
(a) 9x (c) 93x
(b) 33x (d) 3x+1
2- 5x + 5x + 5x + 5x + 5x =
(a) 5(5x) (c) (25)(5x)
(b) (25)x (d) 5(x+1)
3- 22t + 2t =
(a) 42t (c) 2t(2t + 1)
(b) 2t+1 (d) None of the previous
12
2(3x ) − 3x + 8(3x )
4- =
3−x
(a) 3x+2 (c) 10(3x )
(b) 9(3−2x ) (d) 32(x+1)
52x+1
5- =
51−2x
(a) 25 (c) 1
(b) 54x−2 (d) 54x
13

1
6- 317 + 9(315) + ( )(318) =
3
(a) 951 (c) 317
(b) 318 (d) 917
7- Which of the following numbers is the largest ?
(a) 2790 (c) 16150

(b) 4400 (d) 8200
14
Laws of Exponents ( Bases are variables )
x −3y 5
1- =
y 12 x −2
x2 y2
(a) (c)
y 10 x 10
x
y7
(x y z) (x y z )
2 −2
3 6 2 3
2- =
(a) x6 y7 z4 (c) x −5 y 5 z 4
(b) x 6 y 10 z −4 (d) None of the previous
15
y 5 −3
3- (x y ) ( 6 ) =
−2 3 3
x
y8 y 8 −6
(a) (c) ( )
x4 x4
x2 6 y 6
(b) ( ) (d) ( )
y x2
a 3x 2x
4- ( a −x ) =
2 2
(a) a 8x (c) a 6x
2
(b) a 4x (d) None of the previous
16
a −2x −2x
5- ( a 2x ) =
2
(a) 1 (c) a 8x
2
(b) a −6x (d) a 8x
x 2 y −5z −3 −2
6- (
x −3y −2 z 5 )
=
x2 y 14
(a) (c)
y 14 z 4 x4z4
x 10 y 6 z 16
(b) (d)
y 6 z 16 x 10
17
x 3a x 2a−5
7- =
x −a+1
(x )
6
a−1
(a) (c) x 5a−1
3a(2a − 5)
x (−a + 1)
2
(b) (d) x 6a −a+1
ab y 7x
8 - If a, b ≠ 0 , then (
a yb )
=
(a) a 7x−yb 7x−1 (c) (ab)7x(y−1)

(b) 1 (d) a 7x(1−y)b 7x(y−1)
18
(x −1y 2 z −3)4
9- =
(x 4y −5z 6)3
y 23 1
(a) (c)
x 16 z 30 x 16y 7z 30
x 8y 23 1
(b) (d)
z 30 x 16y −23z 9
Exponential Equations ( If am = an ⇒ m = n )
1 - If 7(2x ) = 56 , then x =
2
(a) 3 (c)
7
19
Exponential Equations ( If am = an ⇒ m = n )
1 2−4x
2 - If 2 =( )
x−1
, then x=
4
3 5
(a) (c)
5 9
1 3
(b) (d)
3 7
4−n 3−n 1
3- If ( 3 )( 4 ) 144
= , then n=
1
(a) (c) 1
2
3 2
(b) (d)
2 3
20
n 1 1
Fractional Exponents ⟹ x m = (x m )n = (x n) m
2 −1
1- (8) 3 (16) 4 =
(a) 4 (c) −2
4
(4)−3 (8) 3
2- =
2−8
4
(a) 26 (c) 83
(b) 28 (d) 2−6
1 2
(x 2 y 3 )12
3- =
x 3y 2 + x 2 y 3
x 2y 3 (x 2 y 3)6
(a) (c)
x+y x2 + y2
x 4y 6
x+y
21
Radicals Index of the radical

n
Radicand ⟵ x
n
xn = x m
m
and vice versa . ( n numerator , m denominator )
Properties of Radicals
Law Examples
x n = | x | ( n even )
n
(1) 4
(−7)4 = | − 7 | = 7
xn = x (8)5 = 8 , (−8)5 = − 8
n
(2) ( n odd )
5 5
3
(3) n
x.y =
n
x. n
y 3
x.y = x. 3
y
n
x x x x
(4) n = , y≠0 =
y n
y y y
n mn 3×2 6
(5) m
x = x 3
x = x= x
xr = ( x ) = xn
r
x5 = ( x ) = x3
n n r 3 5 5
(6) 3
Radical Conjugate Multiplication
5 5 5
5− 3 5+ 3 5−3=2
3+ 5 3− 5 9−5=4
x+1 x−1 x−1
x
3 3
x x2
22
Radicals ( Radicand are numbers )

−7 − | − 7 |
1- =
(−7)2
(a) −1 (c) +2
(b) 1 (d) −2
−3 | 4 | + 62
2- =
27
8 3
(a) 4 2 (c)
3
24 8
(b) (d)
3 2
23
(2 3 − 2) =
2
3-
(a) 14 (c) 10 − 4 6
1
( 2) =
2
4- −
2
2
(a) (c) 2
2
2 1
(b) (d)
2 2
24
2+ 4 2− 4
5- − =
2 4 2 4
(a) 2 (c) Zero

4 2
(b) 1 (d)
5
4
6- =
20 − 12
(a) 5+ 3 (c) 2
2
(b) 5− 3 (d)
2
25
7- −25 =
(a) −|5| (c) ±5
(b) | − 5| (d) None of the previous
5
8- =
(−5)2
(a) 1 (c) −1
1
(− 5) +
3
9- =
5
26 5 24 5
(a) (c)
5 5
−26 5 −24 5
(b) (d)
5 5
26
Radicals ( Radicand are variables )
a b
1- =
ab
1 1
(a) (c)
4
a b3 a b
1
ab 2
3
x y2 . 4
x 2y
2- =
6
x2y2
(a)
12
x 5y 6 (c)
12
x 7y 6
(b)
12
x 6y 7 (d)
12
x 6y 5
27
Sum of values
The arithmetic mean =
Number of Values
1 - Three numbers x , y and z have a mean of x y . What is the value of z ?
(a) xy − x − y (c) 2x y − x − y
(b) 3x y − x − y (d) 3x y − (x − y)
2- The average of the numbers 13, y, x, and 8 is 6.The average of the

numbers x, x, 9,and 15 is 8. What is the value of y?
(a) 4 (c) 6
(b) −1 (d) None of the previous
3- If m is the average of 4 numbers and one of them is 1, then

the mean of the other three is:
4m
(a) 4(m − 1) (c) −1
3
4m − 1
3
28
Sum of values
The arithmetic mean =
Number of Values
4- The mean of six numbers is 8 .If the mean of two of these numbers is 10,
then the arithmetic mean of the rest of the numbers is ?
(a) 12 (c) 10
(b) 7 (d) 5
5- The mean of five numbers is 20. If one of the numbers is removed, then
the mean of the remaining numbers becomes 30. The removed number
must be :
(a) 0 (c) 20
(b) 12 (d) −20
29
Real Numbers application

1- How many integers between 30 and 500 begin and end in 3 ?
(a) 1 (c) 11
9
2- A fraction minus its reciprocal is . This fraction is:
20
4 5
(a) (c)
5 3
6 5
(b) (d)
5 4
3- A real number whose reciprocal is greater than 4,so this number

belongs to the interval:
1
(a) (−∞,4) (c) (0, )
4 1
(b) (4,∞) (d) (−∞, )
4
30
Polynomials - chapter 2
Operations on polynomials
1- If 5(1 − x) − 2 = 2x − 5 , then x =
1 −1
(a) (c)
2 3
2 8
(b) (d)
3 7
2- What is the value of k that guarantees that the following two

equations have the same solution:
2x + 4 = 4(x − 2) ، −x + k = 2x − 1
(a) 6 (c) −1
(b) 17 (d) 20
31
Operations on polynomials
y−8
3- If z= , then y =
2y
8 8
(a) (c)
1 − 2z 2z − 1
z+8
(b) (d) 2z − 1
2
4- If z = 2x w + 2yw + 2yx , then y=
z − xw z − 2x w
(a) (c)
w−x 2w + 2x
z − 2x w z − xw
(b) (d)
2w − 2x 2x w
32
Multiplying algebraic expressions
1- (x y 2 + x 2y)(x − y) =
(a) x 3y 2 − x 2 y 2 (c) x y 3 − x 3y
(b) Zero (d) x 3y − x y 3
2- (x + 1 + y)(x + 1 − y) =
(a) x2 + x + 1 − y2 (c) x 2 − 2x + 1 − y 2
(b) x 2 + 2x + 1 − y 2 (d) x 2 + 1 − y 2
33
Multiplying algebraic expressions
3- (2x − 7)2(x − 1) =
(a) 4x 3 − 24x 2 + 77x − 49 (c) 4x 3 + 32x 2 − 77x − 49
(b) 4x 3 − 32x 2 + 77x − 49 (d) 4x 3 − 32x 2 − 77x − 49
4- (2x − x)2 =
2
(a) 2x − 2x+1 + x 2 (c) 22x − 4x x + x 2
2
(b) 2x − 4x + x 2 (d) 22x − 2x+1x + x 2
34
Special Product Formulas
1 - Product of Sum and Difference (x + y)(x − y) = x 2 − y 2
(6x − 1)(6x + 1) =
2 - Square of a sum (x + y)2 = x 2 + 2x y + y 2
(3x + 2)2 =
3 - Square of a Difference (x − y)2 = x 2 − 2x y + y 2
(2x − 1)2 =
4 - Cube of a sum (x + y)3 = x 3 + 3x 2y + 3x y 2 + y 3
(x + 1)3 =
5 - Cube of a difference (x − y)3 = x 3 − 3x 2y + 3xy 2 − y 3
(x − 1)3 =
35
Factoring common Factors ⟺ Special Product Formulas
1 - Difference of Squares x 2 − y 2 = (x + y)(x − y)
x 2 − 16 = x 2 + 16 Doesn’t Fator
2 - Perfect Squares x 2 + 2x y + y 2 = (x + y)2
x 2 + 6x + 9 =
3 - Perfect Squares x 2 − 2x y + y 2 = (x − y)2
x 2 − 6x + 9 =
4 - Factoring Trinomials a x 2 − bx − c =
x2 − x − 2 =
5 - Factoring by grouping terms
x3 − x2 + x − 1 =
36
Factoring common Factors ⟺ Special Product Formulas
6 - Sum of Squares x 2 + y 2 Can’t Fator
x2 + 4 =
7 - Cube of a Difference (x − y)3 = (x − y)(x 2 + x y + y 2)
(x − 1)3 =
8 - Cube of a Sum (x + y)3 = (x + y)(x 2 − x y + y 2)
(x + 1)3 =
9 - Factoring out common Factors
2x 2 − 50 =
2x 2 − 2x − 4 =
37
Factoring common Factors
1- x2 − y2 =
(a) x−y (c) |x| − |y|

(b) |x − y| (d) None of the previous
2- x2 + y2 =
(a) x+y (c) |x − y|

(b) |x + y| (d) None of the previous
38
Factoring common Factors
3- 1 − 6x + 9x 2 =
(a) 1 − 3x (c) 1 − | 3x |
(b) | 3x − 1 | (d) None of the previous
4- 6x 2 − x − 12 =
(a) (x − 2)(6x + 6) (c) (2x − 3)(3x + 4)
(b) (3x − 4)(2x + 3) (d) None of the previous
39
Simplifying Rational expressions
x2 + y2
1- =
x+y
x+y
(a) x+y (c)
2
(b) x−y (d) None of the previous
x2 − y2
2- =
x3 − y3
1 x+y
(a) (c)
x+y x2 + y2
1
x−y
40
x3 − 1
3 - If x ≠ 1 , then =
x−1
(a) x2 − 1 (c) x2 + x + 1
(b) x2 + x − 1 (d) x 2 − x + 1
x 2 yz 2
4- =
x yz 2 + x y 2 z + x 2 yz
xy x yz
(a) (c)
x+y+z x y + xz + yz
xz x yz
(b) (d)
x+y+z x+y+z
41

x
5- =
x+y
1
(a) (c) zero
y
1
1+y
x
6 - If x ≠ − 7 , then =
x+7
7 7
(a) 1+ (c) 1−
x+7 x−7
7 7
(b) 1+ (d) 1 −
−x − 7 −x − 7
42

x−y
7 - If x > 0 and y < 0 , then =
x−y
x−y
(a) x+ y (c)
x−y
(b) x+y (d) None of the previous
Q(x)
8 - let P(x) = x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 , Q(x) = x 2 − 2x + 1 , then =
P(x)
1 1
(a) (c)
x+1 x−1
1 1
(b) (d)
x2 + 1 4
43

2 4 −1
9 - [1 + ][1 −
x2 ]
=
x
2 x−3
(a) 1− (c)
x x
2 −1 x
(b) (3 − ) (d)
x x−2
−1
x −1 + y −1
( )
10 - =
x −1
y x
(a) (c)
x+y y
x y
(b) (d)
x+y x
44
Adding and Subtracting Rational expressions

5 1
1- − =
x x+1
4x − 5 4x + 5
(a) (c)
x(x + 1) x(x + 1)
4
x(x + 1)
−1 2
2- + =
x−1 x−2
x−4 3x − 4
(a) (c)
(x − 1)(x − 2) (x − 1)(x − 2)
x
(x − 1)(x − 2)
45
Adding and Subtracting Rational expressions

1 1
3- + 3 =
x + y x + y3
x2 − x y + y2 + 1 x2 + x y + y2 − 1
(a) (c)
x3 + y3 x2 − y2
x2 + x y + y2 + 1 x3 − y3 + 1
(b) (d)
x3 − y3 (x − y)(x 3 − y 3)
1 1
4- − =
x−1 x+2
−3 3
(a) (c)
x2 − x − 2 x2 + x − 2
1
x2 + x − 2
46
Dividing Rational expressions
x 2 − 4 2x 2 + x − 6
1- ÷ =
2x − 4 2
(x 2 − 4)(2x 2 + x − 6) 1
(a) (c)
2(2x − 4) 2x − 3
(x + 2)2 2x + 3
(b) (d)
4(2x − 3) x−2
x 3 − 4x 2 + 5x − 2
2 - If x ≠ 1 , then =
x−1
(a) x 2 + 5x − 2 (c) x 2 − 3x + 2
(b) x 2 + 3x − 2 (d) x 2 − 5x + 2
47
Equations - chapter 2
Quadratic Equations ax 2 + bx + c = 0
1 - The solution set of 2x 2 + x − 6 = 0 is :
−3 −1
(a) { ,2} (c) {,6}
2 2
3 1
(b) { , − 2} (d) { , − 6}
2 2
2 - The solution set of 12x 2 + x − 6 = 0 is :

1 3 2 3
(a) {− , } (c) { ,− }
3 2 3 4
1 3 2 3
(b) { ,− } (d) {− , }
3 2 3 4
48
3 - The solution set of the equation 6x 2 − 5x − 6 = 0 is :
3 −2
(a) { , } (c) {−1,6}
2 3
−3 2
(b) { , } (d) {1, − 6}
2 3
4 - The solution set of x(2x − 10) = − 8 is :
(a) {1,4} (c) {−1,4}

(b) {2,8} (d) {10,1}
49
5 - The solution set of x(x − 1) = 6 is :
(a) {6,7} (c) {3}

(b) {−6,7} (d) None of the previous
6 - The solution set of 2x 2 + 3x − 9 = 0

9 −1 −3
(a) { , } (c) { ,3}
2 2 2
−9 1 3
(b) { , } (d) { , − 3}
2 2 2
50
7- −2x 2 − 12x − 9 =
(a) −2(x + 3)2 − 9 (c) (− 2x + 3)2 − 9

(b) −2(x + 3)2 + 9 (d) ( 2x + 3)2 + 9
8 - Which of the following equations has x = 5 the only real root ?
(a) x 2 − 25 = 0 (c) (x 2 + 25)(x 2 − 10x + 25) = 0

(b) x 2 + 10x + 25 = 0 (d) (5x)2 = 0
51
Quadratic Equations ( Discriminant )
1- The solution set of −2x 2 − 3x + 5 = 0 contains :

(a) Only 3 elements (c) Only 1 element
(b) Only 2 elements (d) No elements
49
2- The solution set of 3x 2 − 7x + = 0 contains :
12
(a) Only 3 elements (c) Only 1 element
(b) Only 2 elements (d) No elements
52
Quadratic Equations ( Discriminant )
3- The polynomial equation x(x 2 − x − 2)(x 2 − 9) = 0 has :

(a) 3 real roots (c) no real roots
(b) 1 real root (d) 5 real roots
4- The equation 12x 4 + x 2 − 1 = 0 has :

(a) no real roots (c) 1 real root
(b) 4 real roots (d) 2 real roots
53
Equations containing fractions
7 4 −5 2
1- The solution set of + = − is :
2x 5 10 5x
−1
(a) ℜ/{0} (c) { }
3
(b) {−3} (d) None of the previous
x 3
2- The solution set of − = 3x is :
3 x
(a) {1} (c) {3}
(b) ℜ/{0} (d) ϕ
54
Equations containing fractions
4 4
3- The solution set of − = 1 has :
x−3 x
(a) No real roots (c) 2 real roots
(b) 1 real root (d) 3 real roots
x 2x 2
4- The solution set of + = 1 is :
x2 x
1
(a) ℜ/{0} (c) { , − 1}
2
−1
(b) ϕ (d) { ,1}
2
55
Equations containing quadrilaterals
1- The equation 3x 3 − 2x 2 + 3x − 2 = 0 has :

(a) 1 real root (c) 2 real roots
(b) 3 real roots (d) No real roots
Equations containing rational roots or exponents

−1
1- The solution set of the equation 4x(4 − x) 2 − 6 4 − x = 0 is :
12 13
(a) { } (c) {}
5 4
(b) {4} (d) {3}
56
Equations containing rational roots or exponents

1 1 −2
2- (x) 3 + (x − 8)( x 3 ) =
3
4(x − 8) 4(x − 2)
(a) 2
(c)
3x 3 3
3 x2
1 −1
(b) (x − 8)x 3 (d) None of the previous
3
Equations with exponents of high degrees

1- If x ≠ 0 , t ≠ 0 . Then the equation 81x 8 − 16t 8 = 9x 4 + 4t 4
equivalent to :
(3x − 2t )(3x + 2t )(9x + 4t ) = 0 9x 4 + 4t 4 = 0

2 2 2 2 4 4
(a) (c)
(3x − 2t )(3x + 2t ) = 1 (d) (3x + 2t ) = 1

4
2 2 2 2 2 2
(b)
57
General exercises on equations

1- If A + B = 8 , B + D = 8 , A + C = 13 , and C − D = 6 . then C =
9 7
(a) (c)
2 2
19
2
2- If 2x + y = 3z , and u 2 = 3x − z . Then y =
(a) x − u2 (c) 7x − u 2
(b) 3z − 2u 2 (d) None of the previous
58
General exercises on equations

3- If x − y = 3 , and x 2 + y 2 = 29 , then x y is equal to :
(a) 10 (c) 28
4- If the two solutions of the equation x 2 − a x + b = 0 are consecutive

integers, then a 2 − 4b must be equal to :
(a) 9 (c) 4
59
Inequalities - chapter 3
Properties of Inequalities
Let x , y , and z be real numbers
(1) Addition property If x < y , then x + z < y + z
Example : If 3 < 4 , then 3 + 2 < 4 + 2 ( add both sides )
(2) Subtraction property If x < y , then x − z < y − z
Example : If 3 < 4 , then 3 − 2 < 4 − 2 ( subtract both sides )
(3) Multiplication property
(a) If x < y , and z > 0 then xz < yz

(b) If x < y , and z < 0 then xz > yz ( reverse the direction )
(4) Division property
(a) If x < y , and z > 0 then x ÷ z < y ÷ z

(b) If x < y , and z < 0 then x ÷ z > y ÷ z ( reverse )
1 1
(5) If y > x > 0 ( x , y be positive) , then >
x y
(6) If y > x > 0 ( x , y be positive) , then y 2 > x 2
(7) If y > x > 0 ( x , y be positive) , then y > x
60
Properties Inequalities
1- Two real numbers, neither of which is zero, so x < y. Which of the

following statements is always true?
1 1
(a) x2 > y2 (c) <
1 1 x y
(b) > (d) None of the previous
x y
Quadratic Inequalities
1- The solution set of x 2 − 2x + 1 ≤ 0 is :
(a) ℜ (c) {−1,0}

(b) ϕ (d) None of the previous
61
Compounded Inequalities
1- The solution set of 2 ≤ 4 − 3x < 7 is :
2 7
(a) (−1, ] (c) [−2, )
3 3
2 7
(b) [− ,1) (d) (− ,2]
3 3
9 7
2- If − ≤ − 3x + 1 ≤ − , then which statements is correct :
5 4
21 27 1 1
(a) ≤ 9x − 3 ≤ (c) − ≤ 9x − 3 ≤ −
4 5 5 4
27 21
(b) − ≤ 9x − 3 ≤ − (d) None of the previous
5 5
62
Rational Inequalities
x−1
1- The solution set of ≥ 0 is :
x+1
(a) [−1,1] (c) (−1,1]
(b) (−∞, − 1) ∪ [1,∞) (d) (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1,∞)
1−x
2- The solution set of the inequality > 0 is :
x−2
(a) ℜ \ {2} (c) [1,2)
(b) (−∞,1) ∪ (2,∞) (d) (1,2)
63
5−x
3- The solution set of the inequality < 0 is :
x−5
(a) ℜ (c) {5}
(b) ℜ\{5} (d) (−5,5)
(x − 1)(x + 2)
4- The solution set of the inequality < 0 is :
x−3
(a) (1,3) (c) (−2,1)
(b) (−∞, − 2) (d) None of the previous
64
x2 x2
5- The solution set of the inequality > Is :
1−x x−1
(a) ℜ − {1} (c) ℜ − {1, 0}
(b) (−1, ∞) (d) (−∞,1) − {0}
x−4
6- The solution set of the inequality < 1 Is :
x+4
(a) ℜ (c) (−4,∞)
(b) ℜ\{4} (d) None of the previous
65
Absolute Value - chapter 4
Definition of Absolute Value
{−x , x ≤ 0 {−x , x < 0

x , x>0 x , x≥0
|x| = Or |x| =
Use the definition of absolute value to rewrite | x + 2 | a piecewise expression
{−(x + 2) , x < − 2
x+2 , x ≥−2
|x + 2| =
Properties of Absolute Value ∀ a, b ∈ ℜ

1) | a | ≥ 0 | − 3| = 3 ≥ 0
2) | − a | = | a | | − 3| = |3| = 3
3) | ab | = | a | . | b | | 10 | = | 2 | . | 5 |
a |a| 15 | 15 |
4) | | = | |=
b |b| 4 |4|
5) | a + b | ≤ | a | + | b | | 7 + 12 | ≤ | 7 | + | 12 |
6) | a | = b ⇔ a =−b Or a=b
7) | a | < b ⇔ b >a >−b
8) | a | > b ⇔ a<−b Or a>b
9) − | a | ≥ a ≥ | a |
10) | a − b | = | b − a | |x − 1| = |1 − x|
66
Relationship between square root and absolute values
x2 = | x | ، (x − a)2 = | x − a |
3
(1) If x < 0 , then 27x 3 + 9x 2 =
(a) 0 (c) − 6x
(b) 6x (d) None of the previous
(2) If x 3 < 0 , then 25x 2 + 5x =

(a) 5x 2 + 5x (c) 0
67
Relationship between square root and absolute values

1
(3) If t > 1 , then t 2 − 2t + 1 − =
t−1
t−2 t(t − 2)
(a) (c)
t −t 1 t−1
(b) (d) t − 1
t−1
x x 2 + 4x + 4
(4) If x < − 2 , then =
x2 − 4
x x
(a) (c)
x−2 2−x
x −x
(b) (d)
x+2 2+x
68
Equations Involving an Absolute Value

Property 6) |a| = b ⇔ a =−b Or a=b
(1) The solution set of | 2x + 1 | = 1 is :

(a) {0} (c) {−1,1}
(b) {−1} (d) None of the previous
(2) The solution set of | 7x + 5 | + 2 = 0 is :

3
(a) {−1} (c) {− , − 1}
4
3
(b) {− } (d) None of the previous
7
69

(3) The solution set of | x + 1 | = x + 1 is :

(a) {0} (c) ℜ
(b) {1} (d) [−1,∞)
(4) The solution set of 2x + | x | = 3x is :

(a) ℜ (c) {0,1}
(b) [0,∞) (d) None of the previous
70

(5) The solution set of x+ x 2 = 0 is :

(a) {0} (c) {−2}
(b) {1} (d) None of the previous
(6) The solution set of 3x − | x | = | x | + x has :

(a) No solutions (c) 2 solutions
(b) 1 solution (d) Infinity solutions
71

|x − 3|
(7) The solution set of = 1 is :
x−3
(a) ℜ (c) (3,∞)
(b) (−∞,3) (d) ℜ\{3}
1 1
(8) The solution set of + = 0 has :
x |x|
(a) 1 solution (c) Infinity solutions
(b) No solutions (d) 2 solutions
72

|x|
(9) The solution set of + 2 = x has
x
(a) Infinity solutions (c) 1 solution
(b) 2 solutions (d) None of the previous
(10) The solution set of x 2 − 2 = | x | is :

(a) {2, − 1} (c) {2}
(b) {−2,1} (d) None of the previous
73

(11) The equation 3x + 6 + | 3x + 6 | + 9 = 3 has roots at :

(a) x = −2 ,x = 3 (c) x=0
(b) x =−2 (d) There are no real roots
(12) The equation x 2 + 2 x 2 + 1 = 0 has :

(a) 1 real root (c) No real roots
(b) 2 real roots (d) None of the previous
74
Inequalities involving an absolute value
7) | a | < b ⇔ −b < a < b
(1) The solution set of the inequality 2 | 3x − 9 | < 36 is :

(a) {−9,3} (c) (−3,9)
(b) (−9,3) (d) ℜ − [−9,3]
(2) Which of the following is equivalent to | cx + c | < 5 , where c < 0 ?

−5 −5
(a) |x + 1| > (c) |x + 1| <
c c
25 −25
(b) |x + 1| < (d) |x + 1| <
c c
75
8) | a | > b ⇔ a<−b Or a>b
(1) The solution set of the inequality | x + 3 | > 5 is :

(a) (2,∞) (c) (−8,2)
(b) (−∞, − 8) ∪ (2,∞) (d) None of the previous
(2) The solution set of the inequality | x − 1 | > 5 is :

(a) (4,6) (c) (−∞,1) ∪ (5,∞)
(b) (−4,6) (d) (−∞, − 4) ∪ (6,∞)
76
8) | a | > b ⇔ a<−b Or a>b
(3) The solution set of the inequity | 8 − x | > 1 is :

(a) (−∞,7) ∪ (9,∞) (c) (−∞, − 9) ∪ (7,∞)
(b) (7,9) (d) (−∞, − 7) ∪ (9,∞)
(4) The solution set of the inequity | 7 − x | > 5 is :

(a) (−∞,2) ∪ (12,∞) (c) (−12, − 2) ∪ (0,∞)
(b) (−∞, − 12) ∪ (−2,∞) (d) (−∞,0) ∪ (12,∞)
77
(5) The solution set of | x | ≥ x is

(a) (0,∞) (c) [−1,1]
(b) ℜ (d) None of the previous
(6) The solution set of | x | > x is

(a) (0,∞) (c) [−1,1]
78
(7) The solution set of | x | ≤ x is

(a) (0,∞) (c) [−1,1]
(8) The solution set of | x | < x is

(a) (0,∞) (c) [−1,1]
79
3x 2 − 7x + 5 2
(1) The solution set of > − x + x − 1 is :
3x 4 + 7x 2 + 5
(a) ℜ (c) (3,5) ∪ (5,7)
(b) ϕ (d) None of the previous
1 2
(2) the solution set of + | 3x + 2x + 8 | ≤ 0 is :
x 4 + 3x 2 + 8
(a) ℜ (c) ℜ\{0}
(b) ϕ (d) ℜ\{−2,4}
80
Functions - chapter 5
classification of Functions
Function Example Domain
Constant 7 ,−8 ℜ
Linear 2x − 1 ℜ
Quadratic x2 − 1 , x2 − x − 6 ℜ
Absolute Value | x − 1 | , | x3 − 1 | ℜ
Rational x−1
ℜ\ {denominator ≠ 0}
Polynomial x2 − 1
3
Cube root x3 − 8 ℜ
Square root x3 − 8 x 3 − 8 ≥ 0 ⇒ Interval
Operations on Functions ( Operations on two functions)
Function Example Domain
Adding |x + 1| +
3
x−1 (D : | x + 1 | ) ∩ (D : x − 1)
Subtracting |x + 1| −
3
x−1 (D : | x + 1 | ) ∩ (D : x − 1)
3
Multiplying |x + 1| x − 1 (D : | x + 1 | ) ∩ (D : x − 1)
|x + 1|
Dividing 3 (D : | x + 1 | ) ∩ (D : x − 1) \ {deno . ≠ 0}
x−1
Odd Function f (−x) = − f (x) , ∀x, − x ∈ Df

f (−1) = − f (1)
Even Function f (−x) = f (x) , ∀x, − x ∈ Df

f (−1) = f (1)
81
domain of Rational Functions Df = Dnum. ∩ Ddeno. − {deno . ≠ 0}
x2 − 4
(1) The Domain of f (x) = is :
x2 − x − 6
(a) ℜ − {−2,3} (c) ℜ − {−3,2}
(b) ℜ (d) ℜ − {−3}
x2 − 1
(2) The Domain of f (x) = 2 is :
x +1
(a) ℜ \ {−1} (c) ℜ \ {−1,1}
(b) ℜ \ {1} (d) None of the previous
82
x+7
3−x
(a) ℜ/{3} (c) [−7,∞)

(b) (−∞, − 7] ∪ (3,∞) (d) [−7,3)
7−x
x−1
(a) (1,∞) (c) (1,7]

(b) ℜ \{1} (d) (−∞,1) ∪ [7,∞)
83
x3 − 8
3
x3 −8
(a) ℜ (c) [2,∞)

(b) (−2,2) (d) (2,∞)
x 3 − 7x 2 + 4x − 28
(6) The Domain of g(x) = is :
x2 + 4
(a) ℜ \{−2,2} (c) [7,∞)

(b) ℜ (d) [−7,∞) \ {−2,2}
84
Domain of Rational Functions Df = Dnum. ∩ Ddeno. − {deno . ≠ 0}

1
(x + 1) 3
(7) The Domain of f (x) = 1
is :
(x 2 − 1) 2
(a) (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1,∞) (c) ℜ∖{−1,1}

(b) (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1,∞) (d) ℜ
1 − x2
x
(a) ℜ (c) [−1,1]

(b) ℜ\{0} (d) [−1,0) ∪ (0,1]
85
Domain of Rational Functions Df = Dnum. ∩ Ddeno. − {deno . ≠ 0}
x−7
x+8
(a) (−8,7) (c) (49,64)

(b) ℜ\{0} (d) [0,∞)
10 − 2x
(10) The Domain of f (x) = is
x−3
(a) (−∞,5] (c) (3,∞)
(b) (3,5] (d) ℜ\{3}
86
Domain of a Piecewise Functions

Df = ( D1st fun ∩ its restriction) ∪ ( D2nd fun ∩ its restriction)
x2 − x , x ≤ 2
{x
(1) If f (x) = 1 , then find the domain of f (x)
, x>5
(a) ℜ \ [2,5) (c) ℜ \ (2,5]

(b) ℜ \ {0} (d) None of the previous
x−5 , x >3
(2) find the domain of f (x) = 1
.
x+5
, x<0
(a) ℜ \ {−5} (c) (−∞,0) ∪ (3,∞)

(b) (−∞, − 5) ∪ (−5,0) ∪ [5,∞) (d) [5,∞)
87
Composition of Functions
(1) If f (x) = 2x 2 − 5x − 3 , then f (x − 2) =
(a) 2x 2 − 13x − 13 (c) 2x 2 + 13x − 13

(b) 2x 2 − 13x + 15 (d) 2x 2 − 13x − 5
(2) If f (x) = 2x 2 − 5x + 1 , then f (x − 1) =
(a) 2x 2 − 9x + 2 (c) 2x 2 − 5x + 8
(b) 2x 2 − 9x + 8 (d) 2x 2 − x + 1
88
(3) If f (x) = 3x 2 + 2 , then f (3 − 2x) =
(a) 12x 2 − 36x + 29 (c) 3x 2 − 6x + 5

(b) 12x 2 + 36x + 29 (d) 3x 2 + 6x + 5
1
(4) If f (x) = (x + 7) , then f (2x − 7) =
2
(a) 14 (c) 0
(b) x (d) None of the previous
89
(5) If f (x − 3) = x 2 − 8x − 8 , then f (5) =
(a) +8 (c) −23

(b) 4 (d) −8
x+7
(6) If f (x − 4) = , then f (5) =
x−5
(a) 2 (c) 3
90
(7) If f (x) = x 2 + k x + (k − 1) and f (3) = 8 , then k =

(a) 2 (c) 3
(8) Let f (x) = x 2 + 2k . If f (2) = 8 , f (1) < 6 ,then k =
(a) 2 (c) ± 2
(b) −2 (d) None of the previous
91
1
(9) If g(x) = , then g(x + h) − g(x) =
x
2h −h
(a) (c)
x(x + h) x(x + h)
h −2h
(b) (d)
x(x + h) x(x + h)
f (2 + h) − f (2)
(10) If f (x) = x 3 . Then find = , where h ≠0
h
(a) h2 − 8 (c) h 2 + 3h + 9
(b) h 2 + 6h + 12 (d) h 2 + 3h + 6
92
General exercises on the functions

(1) Which of the following equations represents the function y = f (x) ?
(a) y2 = x + 1 (c) x2 + y2 = 1
(b) y3 = x + 1 (d) |y| = x + 1
(2) The smallest value the function f (x) = x 2 − 6x + 9 can take ?
(a) 9 (c) −6
93

(3) If f : R → R , where f (−x) = − f (x) ∀x ∈ R . Then f (0) . f (1) =
(a) -1 (c) 0
(4) A function f (x) is said to be an odd function if f (−x) = − f (x).

Which of the following functions is an odd function?
x3 + x x 3 + 5x
(a) f (x) = (c) f (x) =
2x 2 7x
x+1
(b) f (x) = x 3 + 5 (d) f (x) =
x
94

(5) A real number c is called a fixed point of function f (x) , f :ℜ→ℜ.
If f (c) = c , then f (x) = x 2 − x has
(a) 1 fixed point only (c) 3 fixed points

(b) No fixed points (d) 2 fixed points
95
Applications- chapter 6
Converting Units
(1) The longest distance from the following distances is ?
(a) 43.5 m (c) 0.032 km

(b) 3500 cm (d) 25000 mm
(2) A car tire rotates at 600 revolutions per minute. If a car is traveling
at 108 km/h. What is the circumference of a car tire?
(a) 4m (c) 3m
(b) 1m (d) 2m
96
Converting Units
(3) A train is running at 60 km / h. If it takes 9 seconds for this train to pass

by a power pole. The length of this train is:
(a) 200 meters (c) 150 meters

(b) 300 meters (d) None of the previous.
(4) A calculator performs s calculations in c seconds . How many

minutes will it take the calculator to perform n calculations ?
60ns cs
(A) (c)
c 60n
ns cn
(B) (d)
60c 60s
97
rate of change
(1) The distance between city A and city B is 450km. A driver travele
from A to B, one third of the distance, at a constant speed of 75 km/h.
He also covered a fifth of the remaining distance in one hour,while
the remaining part of the road traveled at 80 km / h.
How long did the whole journey take?
(a) 5 hours (c) 6 hours

(b) 8 hours (d) None of the previous.
(2) If the distance between city A and city B is 50 km and the distance
between city B and city c is 40 km. The distance between city A
and city C must be:
(a) 95 km (c) 100 km

(b) 90 km (d) None of the previous
98
rate of change
(3) Two trains leave two stations 350 km away at the same time, and
travel towards each other. One of them has a speed of 60 km/h
while the other is 80 km/h.How long will the two trains take to meet?
1
2
1
(b) 2 hours (d) 4 hours
2
(4) Two bikes are moving towards each other at a speed of 10 km/h. When the
two bikes are 20 km apart, a bee flies from the front wheel of one bicycle
towards the other at a speed of 25 km/h. As soon as the bee reaches the
front wheel of the other bike, it immediately turns and flies at 25 km/h
towards the other bike. The bee continues in this way until it is squashed
between the two front bike tires. What is the total distance traveled
by the bee?
(a) 25 km (c) More than 50 km

(b) 20 km (d) 50 km
99
rate of change
(5) The wind was blowing at 30 km/h. A small plane traveled 500km by flying
upwind, consuming the same time it did when traveling 600 km downwind.
The speed of this plane in the air is:
(a) 430 km/hour (c) 350 km/hour

(b) 400 km/hour (d) 330 km/hour
(6) The velocity of a river is 2 km/h. It takes a boat the same time
22 km to go downstream and 16 km to go upstream.
How fast is the boat in stagnant water?
38 50
(a) km/h (c) km/h
3 3
26 31
(b) km/h (d) km/h
3 3
100
rate of change
(7) Ahmad rides his bike from his home to his school. If his outward
journey is mostly downhill, his average speed is 15 km/h, and his
return journey is mostly hikes, and his average speed is 6 km/h, and
his return journey takes 30 minutes more than his one way trip.
How far is his home from school?
(a) 6 km (c) 5 km
(b) 14 km (d) 7 km
(8) 600 km long flight. The plane had to reduce its speed due to bad
weather, so its average flight speed was reduced by 200 km/h,
which led to an increase in flight time by 30 minutes.
What was the original flight time?
(a) 3 hours (c) 1 hour

(b) 2 hours (d) None of the previous
101
rate of change
(9) If a Fares walks from his home to his school at a speed of 4 km/h,
he will arrive at school ten minutes late. But if he walks at a speed
of 5 km/h, he will arrive at school five minutes early.
What is the distance between the house of Fares and his school?
(a) 4 km (c) 5.5 km

(b) 6 km (d) None of the previous
102
Solving Strategies and Models
(1) A loaf of bread contains 80 calories.

How many calories does two and three quarters of a loaf contain?
(a) 200 (c) 160.75

(b) 220 (d) 160.20
(2) A pharmacist prepares a prescription for a patient as follows:

One dose is 25 ml,Where he takes two doses daily for seven days.
If the capacity of the bottle for this recipe is 125 ml, then the pharmacist
should give the patient?
(a) 2 Bottles (c) 4 Bottles

(b) 3 Bottles (d) 1 Bottle
103
(3) Two lumps turned on simultaneously. The first flashes every 4 seconds
while the second flashes every 6 seconds.
How many times will we flashes together per minute?
(a) 4 (c) 3
(b) 5 (d) 10
(4) In a band : 10 of its members playing violin machine

as 7 of its members can play the flute machine. And five members
playing Flute and violin. While 6 of its members can neither play
the flute nor the violin.How many members of this band are ?
(a) 23 (c) 18
104
(5) 8% of 600 cm3 =
(a) 48 cm3 (c) 58 cm3

(b) 480 cm3 (d) None of the previous
(6) Sami and Samir got the same grade in the first exam. In the second exam,
Sami got 3 higher marks than Samir. So, the mark of Sami's grade in the
second exam is twice the square of his mark in the first exam,
while Samir's grade was five times his grade in the first exam.
What is the score of each of them in the first test?
(a) 6 Marks (c) 3 Marks

(b) 5 Marks (d) None of the previous
105
(7) Two athletes, Yousef and Jasim, run on a circular track that is 400 m long
from the same starting point simultaneously in the same direction .
If Yousef runs at a speed of 8 m/s while Jasim runs at a speed of 5 m/s .
In which round will Yousef be when he over-takes Jasim ?
(a) Round 4 (c) Round 2

(b) Round 3 (d) Round 5
(8) A worker can place 8 large boxes or 10 small boxes into a container
for shipping . In one shipment, he sent a total of 96 boxes .
If there are fewer small boxes than the large boxes ,
how many containers did he ship ?
(a) 8 (c) 11
(b) 9 (d) 13
106
(9) If Khalid can paint a wall in x m 2 per minute.

What’s the area of the wall that he can paint in 2.5 hours ?
(a) 2.5x m 2 (c) 96x m 2

(b) 300x m 2 (d) 150x m 2
(10) Eight of Dr. Muneera’s patients are under the age of 10 , while
two third of her patients are above the age of 10 .
Hope many patients does Dr. Muneera care for ?
(a) 24 (c) 12
107
(11) It is wishing to build a wall about a rectangular field where its

length is 100 meters and width is 70 meters by placing the columns of
each corner and also a column for every 5 meters. How many columns?
(a) 68 (c) 66
(b) 64 (d) None of the previous s
(12) A group of people of number w agreed to go on a trip, the cost was x

and they agreed to divide it equally among them. On the day of the
trip, z people apologized for not going, so the rest had to divide the
cost between them, as each of them paid an extra y amount ,
so y is equal to :
x xw
(a) (c)
w(w − z) w−z
xz
w(w − z)
108
(13) A theater has n rows of seats and the number of seats in each row
is 4 seats less than the number of rows .
The total number of seats in the theater is :
(a) n2 − n − 4 (c) n 2 − 4n
(b) n2 − 4 (d) n−4
2 1
(14) A taxi ride costs KD for
km of the trip, and an additional 3 KD
5 2
are added to it between 9 PM and 7 AM .
If someone rides M km away at 10 PM . The cost of the trip will be :
2 1 2
(a) 3+ M KD (c) ( 3 + ) M KD
5 5 5
5
(b) 3+ M KD (d) None of the previous
2
109
(15) In a laboratory experiment, three insects A, B and C were placed side by

side in a circular passage.These insects were allowed to jump forward.
If the amount A, B and C leaps in one hop is 10cm, 14cm, and 8 cm,
respectively, then how many centimeters will the three insects
return side by side again?
(a) 280 cm (c) 360 cm

(b) 120 cm (d) 270 cm
(16) A hotel charges x KD per night plus 8% tax applied to the room rate.
The hotel also charges an untaxed 5 KD per stay in the hotel.
How much would a guest pay if he stays for m nights?
(a) 1.08(m x + 5) (c) 1.08(m x) + 5

(b) (x + 0.08m) + 5 (d) None of the previous
110
(17) A farm had 50 cows at the beginning of 2018.

If it is estimated that the number of cows will double every 6 years,
then which of the following will give the estimated number C of cows
m years after 2018 ?
(a) C = 50(2)6m
m
(c) C = 50 + 6m
(b) C = 50(2) 6 (d) C = 6 + 50m
(18) The cost (in KD) of producing m items in a factory is C = 7m + 350 .

The factory sells each item for 12 KD. What is the minimum number
of items that must be sold for the factory to make profit?
(a) 84 (c) 71
111
(19) A group of children, numbering x, bought 250g of sweets and shared

the price between them equally. If the price of every 10 g of sweets y fils,
then each of these children will pay:
(250)(10)
(a) fils (c) 25x y fils
x
25x
(b) fils (d) None of the previous
y
(20) 20 loaves of bread were distributed to a group of 20 people consisting

of men, women and children. The man was given three loaves,
the woman two loaves and the child half a loaf.
The number of children in this group is:
(a) 5 (c) 13
(b) 9 (d) 14
112
(21) The university has two rooms A and B in which the examination
is conducted. If we send 10 students from A to B, the number of
students in each of the two rooms will be equal.
But if we send 20 students from B to A, the number of students
in A becomes twice the number of students in B.
The number of students taking an exam in room A is::
(a) 80 (c) 60
(22) A farmer had 50 cows on his farm at the end of 2010.This

farmer developed a successful plan to double his wealth of
cows annually (meaning that the number of cows at the end of each
year is double the number at the end of the previous year).
What is the number of these cows at the end of 2014?
(a) 1600 (c) 400

113
Working Together
(1) Ahmed needs 3 days to paint a room. While Sami needs 6 days
to paint the same room. How long does it take to paint a room
if they both paint it together?
(a) 2 days (c) 4 days

(b) 9 days (d) None of the previous
(2) Ahmad can finish a job in 3 hours, while Mansour needs 9 hours
to finish the same job. How long it takes to finish this job,
if Ahmad and Mansour work together on it?

114
Working Together
(3) Ahmad can paint 4 rooms in 4 hours, while Fahad can paint the
same 4 rooms in 6 hours. How long does it take them to paint
the 4 rooms, if they work together?
(a) 2 hours and 24 minutes (c) 1 hours and 30 minutes

(b) 1 hour and 40 minutes. (d) None of the previous
(4) Mona can plant a garden in 7 hours and Saad can plant the same
garden in five hours. If Mona works in the garden for five hours
alone, then Saad helps her. How long do they need to work
together to finish planting the garden?
(a) 50 minutes (c) 24 minutes

(b) 12 minutes (d) 35 minutes
115
Working Together
(5) A full tank was completely emptied within 6 hours(without using it)
due to the problem of leaking water from it. The tap that feeds the
tank can be filled in before the leakage problem within 4 hours.
How long does the tap need to fill the tank, knowing that the leakage
issue has not been fixed (and the tank is not in use) ?

Ages
(1) Mona is 6 years older than Ahmed,and Aziz is 5 years older than Mona .
If the sum of their ages is 41 years, then Ahmed’s age is :
(a) 10 (c) 9
(b) 4 (d) 8
116
Ages
(2) If the sum of the ages of Lama, Mariam and Samia is 17 years, and
Lama is five years older than Samia, while Mariam is two years
younger than Lama. How old is Samia?
(a) 2 years (c) 3 years

(b) 5 years (d) None of the previous
(3) Five siblings were born, each of whom is 3 years younger than
his brother. If the total age of the brothers is 50 years, then
the age of the youngest brother is:
(a) 4 (c) 3
117
Ages
(4) The sum of the ages of the three sisters is 50 years .Mona ‘s age
twice Sarah ‘s age .While Amal is 10 years older than Sarah.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Mona is 25 years old (c) Sarah is 20 years old

(b) Amal is 15 years old (d) Mona and Amal are
of the same age old
(5) If the age of Ahmed is now three times the age of Salem .
and after 7 years , the age of Ahmed is twice the age
of Salem . How old is Ahmed now ?
(a) 35 years (c) 45 years

(b) 21 years (d) None of the previous
118
Ratio and Proportion ( Direct Proportion )

(1) Ahmed invested an amount of money so that he gets 15 KD for
every 12 KD he invests. If the amount that he invested is 3000 KD,
What is the amount that he will get?
(a) 5250 KD (c) 3750 KD

(b) 3800 KD (d) None of the previous.
(2) A female student works an average of 36 hours per month with

a monthly salary of 450 KD. If she wants to earn 825 KD per month,
she has to work:
(a) 54 Hours (c) 60 Hours

(b) 72 Hours (d) 66 Hours
119

(3) 3 kg of rose petals are needed to produce 5 g of perfume, then
how much rose petals are needed to produce 870 g of perfume?
(a) 1450 kg (c) 522 kg

(b) 2610 kg (d) None of the previous.
(4) Due to a defect in the odometer of a car, this meter records

R km for every F km the car actually travels.
If the meter logs A km, the vehicle's actual distance is :
RA FA
(a) Km (c) Km
F R
RF
(b) Km (d) None of the previous
A
120

(5) If every 3 pebbles is a stone and every 7 stones is a rock .
How many pebbles are there in 4 rocks?
(a) 72 (c) 52
(6) If the number of students participating in the football team is of

30 students. From each class 2 participants out of 3 students .
The number of students is :
(a) 60 (c) 45
121

(7) A perfume prepared by mixing four parts of water with one part
of a concentrated rose water .
How much water do we need to prepare 20 liters of a perfume ?
(a) 16 liters (c) 10 liters

(b) 12 liters (d) None of the previous.
(8) Ahmad and Ali took a road trip and shared the driving.
Ahmad drove four times as many kilometers as Ali drove.
What percentage of the total kilometers of the trip did Ali drive?
(a) 25 % (c) 20 %
(b) 80 % (d) 5 %
122

(9) If the ratio between the weight of two students is 3: 2,
and the weight of the heaviest student is more than half
the weight of the lightest student by 30 kg.
The weight of the lightest student is:
(a) 10 kg (c) 30 kg
(b) 15 kg (d) 45 kg
(10) A basket contains only green and red apples .

The ratio of green to red apples in the basket is 4 to 3 .
When 2 green apples and 3 red apples were removed ,
the ratio become 3 to 2 .
How many red apples were originally in the basket ?
(a) 18 red apples (c) 21 red apples

(b) 15 red apples (d) None of the previous
123
Ratio and Proportion ( Inverse Proportion )

(1) If 6 workers can finish a job in 8 days, then how many
workers are needed to finish the same job in 4 days?
(a) 9 (c) 12
(2) x workers need y days to finish a job.

How many days does it take z workers to finish the same job?
yz xz
(a) (c)
x y
xy
z
124
Ratio and Proportion ( Inverse Proportion )

(3) 10 workers can pave a road in 5 days if they work two hours every day.
How many days would it take for two of them to pave the road
if they worked 5 hours a day ?
(a) 5 days (c) 10 days

(b) 8 days (d) None of the previous
Ratio and Proportion ( Mixed Proportion )

(1) On a farm, the average consumption of 5 rabbits in 5 days is 5 bags
of food. How many bags do 20 rabbits consume in 20 days?
(a) 100 (c) 80

(b) 20 (d) 120
125
Ratio and Proportion ( Mixed Proportion )

(2) On a farm, every three chickens lay three eggs every three days.
How many eggs do 12 chickens produce in 2 days?
(a) 12 (c) 48
(b) 16 (d) 36
(3) If 5 rabbits consume 70 Kg of food per week,

then how much food is consumed by 8 rabbits in 3 days?
(a) 48 Kg (c) 72 Kg
(b) 24 Kg (d) None of the previous
126
Percentages ( Percentage Problems )

(1) An employee answers 72 questions in an exam correctly and gets a
score of 90%, knowing that all question marks are equal.
How many questions are in the test?
(a) 80 (c) 90
(b) 162 (d) 82
(2) A tennis player won 80% of the matches he played.If the number
of matches won was 28, then the number of matches he played are:
(a) 35 (c) 34
127

2
(3) Sara spends 66 % of her monthly salary . If she spends 200 KD
3
a month, what is her monthly salary ?
(a) 300 KD (c) 450 KD

(b) 600 KD (d) None of the previous
(4) A salesman had a bunch of apples. He sold 40% of them, leaving

him 42 kg of apples. The quantity he had was :
(a) 70 k g (c) 58 k g
(b) 60 k g (d) 64 k g
128

(5) If 40% of 200% of x equals 40% of y, what is the percentage of x to y ?
(a) 40 % (c) 50 %
(b) 20 % (d) None of the previous
(6) Number more than 35% of itself by 455. Then this number is :
(a) 595 (c) 700

(b) 490 (d) 520
129
Percentages ( Percentage Change Formula )

(1) Ahmed bought a book for 42 kd and sold it for 52.500 kd.
What is the percentage of his profit?
(a) 22 % (c) 25%

(2) Dana worked a total of 35 hours in June.In July, Dana worked

45.5 hours. What is the percentage increase in Dana's working hours?
300
(a) % (c) 30 %
13
(b) 10.5 % (d) None of the previous
130
Percentages ( Percentage Change Formula )

(3) Ahmed bought a used car at a price of 4,000 KD and paid 1,000 KD
to repair it. If Ahmed sells the car at a price of 6000 KD ,
his profit rate will be:
(a) 20 % (c) 50 %
Percentages ( Application of Percent Change )

(1) Commodity prices have been reduced by 8%.
What is the selling price of an item that was 2200kd before the sale?
(a) 2024 KD (c) 2376 KD

(b) 1980 KD (d) 2002 KD
131

(2) Prices in a sale were reduced by 20%. If the price of
a washing machine after the sale is 100KD, then
its price before the sale was :
(a) 120 KD (c) 125 KD

(3) The weekly income of one of the workers is 80 KD .

If this income increases by 20%, then his weekly income will become:
(a) 100 (c) 94

132

(4) Dana bought a mobile phone from a store with a 35% discount,
the price of the phone before the discount was 150 kd.
How much will she buy mobile phone if the purchase tax on
any product is 10% ?
(a) 112.5 KD (c) 97.5 KD

(b) 107.25 KD (d) 82.5 KD
133
Percentages ( Modeling Contains Percentages )

(1) Two stores sell a book at the same price before the discounts.
One store has discounts 10%, while the other store has reduced
the book by 15%.If the difference between the two prices in
the discounts for this book is 2.5 KD.
How much was the price of the book before the sales?
(A) 40 KD (C) 70 KD
(B) 60 KD (D) None of the previous.
(2) The numbers x and y are 20% and 50% more, respectively, than
a third . The ratio of the number x to the number y is:
(a) 2:5 (c) 3:4

(b) 4:5 (d) 7:8
134

(3) Ahmed's wealth increases by 20% from Khaled's wealth, while
Yousef 's wealth increases 50% from Khaled 's wealth.
If a fortune of Ahmed is 4000 KD , how much Yousef 's wealth ?
(a) 6000 KD (c) 6500 KD
(4) Ahmed has three savings accounts. His balance in the first
account is 20% more than the second account and its second
account is 30% more than the third account.
If its 4000 KD balance in the third account, his balance in the
three accounts is :
(a) 15440 KD (c) 12050 KD
(b) 14050 KD (d) 16800 KD
135

(5) Ahmed has an amount of 5700 KD invested part of an annual
return of 10% and the remaining part of the amount invested at an
annual return of 5%. If you get 428 KD from the first investment.
What is the total investment profits?
(a) 505 kd (c) 499 kd
(b) 448 kd (d) 524 kd
(6) A man bought a car after a 30% discount and paid KD 21,000,
so if he sold the car at a discount of KD 9,000.
What is the percentage of the total discount?
(a) 42.8 % (c) 60 %
136

(7) In physics class , two midterm exams and one final exam are given .
Each midterm exam counts for 30% of the student’s score .
50
If Dalal achieves a score of in the final exam .
100
What is the percentage of Dalal’s final score if she achieved a score
85 70
of in the first midterm and in the second?
100 100
(a) 68.5% (c) 66.5%
(b) 70% (d) None of the previous
Bank Interest
(1) Bank is calculated as a simple annual benefit of 4% on loans granted,
if Khaled is a loan of 150,000 KD, and plans to pay debt after 10 years.
What is the total amount that Khalid will pay for the bank?
(a) 210,000 KD (c) 150,000 KD

(b) 156,000 KD (d) 250,000 KD
137

(1) 81 kg of flour is made from wheat flour and oat flour, so that the ratio of
wheat to oats is 7 to 2. How much oat flour should we add so that the
amount of oats becomes one third of the amount of wheat?
(a) 6 kg (c) 3 kg
(b) 9 kg (d) None of the previous
(2) 200 grams of the mixture of spices contain 15% of black pepper.
How much black pepper should be added to the mixture so that the
proportion of black pepper is 32%?
(a) 40 gram (c) 60 gram

(b) 50 gram (d) None of the previous
138
Shapes ( Perimeters and Areas )

(1) What is the area of a triangle of side lengths 4cm , 3cm , and 5cm
respectively?
(a) 12cm 2 (c) 6cm 2
(b) 10cm 2 (d) None of the previous
(2) An equilateral triangle has a side of 1 cm . What is the area of triangle ?

3
(a) 2 3 cm 2 (c) cm 2
4
(b) 3 cm 2 (d) None of the previous
139

(3) If the side length of a square increases by 4 cm, the area of the
square increases by:
(a) 4cm 2 (c) 16cm 2
(4) If the side length of a square side increases by 30%.

Then its area increases :
(a) 3% (c) 69 %
(b) 60 % (d) 30 %
140

(5) The length of the diagonal of a square is 10 .
Find the area of the square .
(a) 40 (c) 10
(b) 20 (d) 5
(6) If the sum of the areas of two squares is 2 m 2. The sum of their
perimeters is 8 m. The lengths of the sides of the two squares are ?
(a) 2,1 (c) 1, 2

(b) 1 , 1 (d) 2,2
141

(7) If the radius of a circle increases by 3 cm , then it’s circumference :
(a) Increase by 6π cm (c) Increase by 3π cm

(b) Increase by 4π cm (d) Increase by 2π cm
(8) A circle has circumference x cm and area y cm 2.

If the sum of x and y equals 5π , then the radius of the circle must be:
(a) 1 (c) −1 + 6
(b) −1 + 3 (d) −1 + 2
142

(9) A rectangular perimeter equals nine times the width, if its width is
equal to 20 cm , the length of the rectangle is equal to:
(a) 25 cm (c) 90 cm
(b) 70 cm (d) 45 cm
(10) Rectangular field of 96 f t 2. If the field width is 4 f t less than its

length, the field circumference equal to ?
(a) 48 f t (c) 480 f t

(b) 40 f t (d) 32 f t
143

(11) A rectangular garden of 84 m 2. Its length is 2 m more than twice
its width. The width of the garden is ?
(a) 7m (c) 6m
(b) 8m (d) None of the previous
(12) A rectangle divided equally into two squares. If the area of the first
square is doubled, and the area of the second square is reduced
by a quarter. The sum of the areas of the two new squares is:
1 1
(a) 1 rectangle area (c) 4 rectangle area
4 16
3 11
(b) rectangle area (d) rectangle area
4 8
144

(13) A square drawn inside a circle of radius 3 2 . Find the area of
the circle not covered by the square?
(a) 18π − 36 (c) 18(π − 1)

(b) 18π − 6 (d) None of the previous
(14) Let A and B be two right circular cylinders so that the radius of
the base of A is one-fourth the diameter of the base of B.
The height of A is twice the height of B. Which of the following
statements is correct?
1
(a) volume of A = volume of B (c) volume of A = volume of B
4
1
(b) volume of A = volume of B (d) volume of A = 2 volume of B
2
145

(15) The surface area of a cube is 24 cm 2. The volume of this cube is :
(a) 8cm 3 (c) 16cm 3

(16) Right-angled triangle A has base b , height h and area x .

Rectangle B with length 2b and width 2h has an area equal to :
(a) 8x (c) 16x

146

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Real Numbers - chapter 1

Order of Operations ( PEDMAS )

(a) 56 (c) 164

Comparing Fractions ( By cross - multiply )

Operations on fractions (Different Denominators)

‫اﺳم اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ Operations Examples

Zero and Negative Exponents

Zero and Negative Exponents

Number negative raised n

Number negative raised n

3- (a n)r = a n×r (32)3 = 32×3 = 36

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are Numbers )

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are Numbers )

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are Numbers )

7- Which of the following numbers is the largest ?

(a) 2790 (c) 16150

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are variables )

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are variables )

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are variables )

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are variables )

(a) a 7x−yb 7x−1 (c) (ab)7x(y−1)

Laws of Exponents ( Bases are variables )

Radicals Index of the radical

Radical Conjugate Multiplication

Radicals ( Radicand are numbers )

Radicals ( Radicand are numbers )

Radicals ( Radicand are numbers )

(a) 2 (c) Zero

Radicals ( Radicand are numbers )

Radicals ( Radicand are variables )

2- The average of the numbers 13, y, x, and 8 is 6.The average of the

3- If m is the average of 4 numbers and one of them is 1, then

Real Numbers application

3- A real number whose reciprocal is greater than 4,so this number

2- What is the value of k that guarantees that the following two

4- If z = 2x w + 2yw + 2yx , then y=

Multiplying algebraic expressions

Multiplying algebraic expressions

Special Product Formulas

1 - Product of Sum and Difference (x + y)(x − y) = x 2 − y 2

2 - Square of a sum (x + y)2 = x 2 + 2x y + y 2

3 - Square of a Difference (x − y)2 = x 2 − 2x y + y 2

4 - Cube of a sum (x + y)3 = x 3 + 3x 2y + 3x y 2 + y 3

5 - Cube of a difference (x − y)3 = x 3 − 3x 2y + 3xy 2 − y 3

Factoring common Factors ⟺ Special Product Formulas

1 - Difference of Squares x 2 − y 2 = (x + y)(x − y)

2 - Perfect Squares x 2 + 2x y + y 2 = (x + y)2

3 - Perfect Squares x 2 − 2x y + y 2 = (x − y)2

5 - Factoring by grouping terms

Factoring common Factors ⟺ Special Product Formulas

6 - Sum of Squares x 2 + y 2 Can’t Fator

7 - Cube of a Difference (x − y)3 = (x − y)(x 2 + x y + y 2)

8 - Cube of a Sum (x + y)3 = (x + y)(x 2 − x y + y 2)

9 - Factoring out common Factors

Factoring common Factors

(a) x−y (c) |x| − |y|

(a) x+y (c) |x − y|

Factoring common Factors

Simplifying Rational expressions

Simplifying Rational expressions

Simplifying Rational expressions

Simplifying Rational expressions

Simplifying Rational expressions