Terapi

Psikoanalisis

Materi - 3
Psikoterapi
Psychotherapy is a form of treatment for emotional and psychological problems that
is based on talking and understanding .

The aim is to gain greater understanding of the problems and better ways of dealing
wtih them

Psychotherapy is not primarily a science, but more a skill-based profession, which

uses various theoretical concepts to understand human development and
experience

The core feature of any psychotherapy, is the relationship between a practitioner

and a patient, a realtionship which inspires hope for healing or change. Both need
to share an understanding of the process and agree to work together within a
relationship.
Cont’d
At present there are two basic approaches to personality
description and building its model: literary and psychological or
, in a wider sense, the method of arts and the one of science
(Allport 1968). Each of them has its own merits and drawbacks
. For instance, the first descriptive method captures an integral
, consistent picture of personality, even though it is subjective.
The second one often represents personality as a set of object
ive facts which, however, are sometimes hard to put together
to form an integral picture. In other words, we believe that
there is a certain contra-diction between the integrity of a
personality image in a theory and the degree of its scientific
verifiability: the more integral the object in a personality theory,
the less it is a "scientific" theory and visa versa.
 Thus, the personality theories, mainly by S. Freud,
C. Jung and C. Rogers, in our opinion, present the
mselves as the most integral; at the same time the
Sains se very same theories are no well scientifically
verified (which does not prevent them from being
vs successfully employed in psychological practice).
The contrary position might be taken by theories
Armchair such as of B. Skinner, R. Cattell or J. Rotter.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236346988_The_language_model_of_p
ersonality_and_its_perspectives_within_psychology
Sejarah Terapi Psikoanalisis
 Para tokoh
Franz Anton Mesmer
1734-1815
Mempergunakan teknik hypnosis ya
ng ringan (mesmerism) dengan sug
esti, kemudian setelah pasien meng
alami overwhelmed dengan emosiny
a, ia gunakan hipnotis mendalam di
mana pasienmenemukan konflik em
osi yang tersembunyi ketika sedang
mengalami fase trans
Jean Martin Charcot
1825-1893
Seorang neurologis di Paris d
alam menangani gangguan hi
sterycal dengan hipnotis: buta,
lumpuh, mati rasa, gerakan an
eh, epilepsi tanpa indikasi seb
ab fisik
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939
Belajar hipnotis dari JMC dan
menggunakan untuk pasien n
eurotik di Vienna. Lalu menem
ukan bahwa teknik sugesti yan
g kuat dan pelepasan emosi ti
dak selalu berhasil pada beber
apa pasien, dimana perlu me
mahami betul konflik ketidaksa
daran yang dialami pasien
.
 Paul Charles Dubois 1848-1918
Merumuskan & menekankan peranan penting "pers
uasion therapy" teknik berbicara dg klien mengguna
kan pendekatan rasional. Paul Dubois tercatat seba
gai "the first significant modern proponent" of a ratio
nal therapy or cognitive therapy

Para
tokoh Josef Breuer 1842-1925
Menggunakan teknik hypnosis & teknik berbicara d
alam upaya menyembuhkan pasien2 histeria. Breu
er  talking cure dilakukan terhadap pasien dalam
keadaan hypnosis
.
 Konsep Psikoanalisis
(Hjelle & Ziegler, 1992)

a personality theory as a minimal requirement must be able to explain the

logic of personality development, its change with time and, further, the
issues of pathological and healthy personality and his/her psychotherapy

teori mengenai kepribadian & psikopatologi

 Prinsip & Konsep Dasar

 Struktur kepribadian --- id, ego, super ego.

 Organisasi kepribadian --- 3 level kesadaran :

conscious, preconscious & unconscious

 Dasar motivasi -- dorongan instinktual --- tension

release

 Konflik, kecemasan, tipe kecemasan :

realitas, neurotik, moral.

 Mekanisme pertahanan ego : represi, proyeksi, dis

placement, rasionalisasi, denial dll.

 Perkembangan kepribadian ---- tahap perkemban

gan psikoseksual :
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
Basic concept

http://brewminate.com/the-story-and-mind-of-sigmund-freud/
 Freud’s
Theory
of
Instincts

http://brewminate.com/the-story-and-mind-of-sigmund-freud/
PsyChosExual
deVelopMent

(Freud)
 Tipe Kecemasan
Reality Anxiety
the most basic form, rooted
in reality..
Neurotic Anxiety
Anxiety which arises from
an unconscious fear that
the libidinal impulses of the
ID will take control at an in
opportune time..
Moral Anxiety
Anxiety which results
from fear of violating
moral or societal codes,
moral anxiety appears
as guilt or shame
Fear of a dog bite, fear arising from
an impending accident.� (Ego Base
d Anxiety). Most Common Tension
Reduction Method : Removing ones
elf from the harmful situation
This type of anxiety is driven by a
fear of punishment that will result
from expressing the ID's desires
without proper sublimation
In this conception of Anxiety, we
can see why Freud concentrated
on strengthening the Ego through
psychoanalysis
Proses
terjadinya
kecemasan
 Terapi

Tujuan Membentuk kembali struktur

kepribadian dengan cara:

to make unconscious meningkatkan kontrol mengetahui / menyadari

--- conscious ego (ego strength) masa kecil --- diketahui
. kapan awal gangguan

Efektif --- dalam hubungan interpersonal, dalam menangani kecemasan secara realistis, dalam memperoleh
kendali atas perilaku yang impulsif & rasional
 Thank you
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