BIOSTATISTICS ASSIGNMENT

a) The following table contains data on prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among
participants who were currently non-smokers and those who were current smokers at
the time of the fifth examination in the Framingham Offspring Study.   

Free of History of CVD Total

CVD
Non-Smoker 2,757 298 3,055
Current Smoker 663 81 744
Total 3,420 379 3,799

Construct a 95% confidence interval of the difference in proportion of CVD prevalence of

non- smokers

b) The data are provided for the results from a screening test for HIV that was performed
on a group of 100,000 people. Note that the prevalence rate of HIV in this group was
very low.
TEST RESULT
Positive(+) Negative(-)
HIV STATUS Positive(+) 475 25
Negative(-) 4975 94550

Calculate and interpret

i) Sensitivity and Specificity
ii) False Negative rate and False Positive rate

c) In order to study the relationship between the occurrence of cervical cancer and age at
first pregnancy, data were collected on 49 cancer cases and 317 non-cancer cases
(controls). All women were asked about their age at first pregnancy, and the data are
summarized below .Is there a relation between cancer and age?

Age Cervical cancer Control

< 25 42 203
> 25 7 114

d) In a study of HIV infection, CD4 cell counts were obtained from 133 HIV-infected men who had
not progressed to AIDS. The CD4 cell counts for 14 of these men were as follows: 45, 390, 25,
407, 149, 101, 270, 299, 374, 537, 399, 535, 308, 459. Construct a 95% confidence interval for
the mean

e) The following table shows a sample of subjects classified by sex and the type of violent
victimization reported.

No Partners Non-Partners Multiple Total

 victimization Victimization victimization victimization
Women 611 34 16 18 679
Men 308 10 17 10 345
Total 919 44 33 28 1024
i. Suppose we pick a subject at random from this group. What is the probability that this
subject will be a woman?

ii. If we pick a subject at random, what is the probability that the subject will be a woman
and have experienced partner abuse?

iii. Suppose we picked a man at random. Knowing this information, what is the probability
that he experienced abuse from nonpartners?

iv. Suppose we pick a subject at random. What is the probability that it is a man or
someone who experienced abuse from a partner?

f) A psychologist is trying to determine if there is a difference in three methods of training six-year-

old children to learn a foreign language. The data are given in the following table. Conduct a
significance test to determine if there is a difference between the three teaching methods.

Teaching method
Traditional Tape and classroom tapes
78 70 60
80 72 70
83 73 71
86 74 72
87 75 74
88 78 76
90 82
95

g) A researcher reports that the average salary of a doctor is more than $ 42,000. A sample of
30 doctors has a mean salary of $ 43,260 and standard deviation of $5,230. At α=0 .05 ,
test the claim that the doctors earn more than $ 42,000 a year

h) The side effects of a new drug are being tested against a placebo. Simple random
sample of 565 patients yields the results below. At a significance level of α = 0.05, is
there enough evidence to conclude that the treatment is independent of the side
effect of nausea?

Drug Placebo
Nausea 36 13
No Nausea 254 262