BSI BS EN 10 002-1 : 1990 j ‘inelusing Corrigendum AC) 06 689: 620.172 © rien Standards Insievton. No par of tis publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the pir permiaion in weg f BSI British Standard Tensile testing of metallic materials Part 1. Method of test at ambient temperature ‘e DIN reference sheet 3) fer evhouse purposes of ‘Bestdes this i «copy and ony |SMS Schioemann-Siemag AG. (22. | i i I ; ‘This European Standard EN 10 002-1 has the sta British Standards Institution 4.03.04BS EN 10.002-1 : 1990 Contents Page Gooperating organizations Back cover Notional foreword Inside front cover Brief history 2 Text of EN 10.0021 : 1990 3 National appendix A Inside back cover National appendix 8 Inside back cover National foreword ‘This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel and Non-forrous Metals Standards Policy ‘Committees and is the English language version of EN 10 002-1 ‘Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1. Method of test, ratified by CEN/BT on 27 November 1989. tt supersedes 8S 18 : 1987 which is withdrawn, Other Parts of EN 10 002, in course of preparation, are listed in the foreword to EN 10 002-1, Crass-references. Where there are British Standards corresponding to Euranorms, European Standards and international standards quoted in this standard the relationship is given in national appendix B. Compliance with 2 British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 10 002 NORME EUROPEENNE Part 1 EUROPAISCHE NORM March 1990 Uo¢ 689 : 620.172 Key words: Metal products, mechanical test, tensile texts, detsrmination, mechanical properties, elongation, English version Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature) Matériaux métalliques — Essais de Metallische Werkstoffe ~ Zugversuch — traction — Chapitre 1: méthode d'essai (8 la Teil 1: Prifverfahren (bei Raumtemperatur} température ambiente} This European Standard was accepted by CEN on 27 November 1989, CEN members are bound to comply with the requirements of the CEN/CENELEC Common Rules which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date ists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This Euros iste in thee official versions (English, French, German} A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of @ CEN member into its own language and notified 10 CEN Contral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. GEN members are the national standards organizations of Austria, Belgium, Den- mark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Nether- lands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swaden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europaisches Komitee fir Normung Central Secretariat: rue Bréderoda 2, B-1000 Brussels CEN 1990 Copyright reserved to all CEN members Ref. No. EN 10.002-1 : 1990 EEN 10002 Part 1 Page 2 Brief history “This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee ECISS/TCIA “Mechanical and physics tet the Secretariat of which hasbeen allocated to the Assocition Francaise de Normalisation (AFNORD It represents the first part of the general sand : Metalic materials Tensile testing, This European Standord replaces the Euronorne EU 280: Tensile testing for steel EU 11.80: Tonsil tes For see sheet and strip les than 3 mm tick This European Standard was adopted by CEN on 27 November 1989, ‘Aczording to the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules, being part ofthe Internal Regulations of CEN, the following Countries are bound te ienplemen tis Europaan Sundar ‘Austrie, Belgium, Denmark, Fintend, France, Germany. Greece, leetand, ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherland, Norway, Portughl, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom, Foreword ‘The Standard EN 10.002 will comprise the fotlowing parts: Part 1; Metallic materials; Tensile test; Method of test (at ambiont temperature) Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the tensile tosting machines Part 3: Metallic materials; Tensile tost; Calibration of proving devices used for the verification of uniaxial testing ‘machines Part 4 : Metallic materials; Tensile test; Verification of lextensornaters used in uniaxia! testing Part 6 : Metallic materials; Tensile test: Method of test at levated temperaturesContents Foreword 1 Object and field of application 2 References 3 Principle 4 Definitions 4.1. Gauge length (L) 4.2. Parallel ongth (L) 4.3 Elongation 4.4 Percentage elongation 455. Extensometer gouge length (Ly) 46 Extension 4.7 Percentage reduction of area (2) 4.8 Maximum force (Fg) 49 Stress 5 Symbols and designations 6 Test pieces 6.1 Shape and dimensions 10.1 102 " 2 3 4 15 ‘Marking the original gauge length (Zo) Accuracy of testing apparatus Conditions of testing Rate of the machine ‘Method of gripping Determination of percentage elongation after fracture (A) Determination of proof stength {non proportional extension (Ry) Determination of proof strength (total extension) (R,) Method of verification of permanent set strangth (R,) Tost report " 2 2 2 Annex B Types of test pl EN 10002 Part 1 Page 3 ‘Annex A Types of test piace to be used for thin products ; sheets, strips and flats between 0,1, mm and 3 mm thick to be used in the case of wire, bars and sections with a diameter or thickness of less than 4 mm Annex C Types of test piece to be used in the ‘aie of sheets and flats of thickness ‘equal to or greater than 3 mm, and wi bats and sections of diameter or ‘thickness equal to or groater than 4 mm ‘Annex D Types of test piace to be used in the case of tubes ‘Annex E Measurement of percentage elongation after fracture, based on sub-division of “the original gauge tongth Annex F List of national standards corresponding to reference Euronorm 18 13 6EN 10.002 Part 1 Page 4 1 Object and field of application This European Standard specifies the mathod far tensile testing of metallic materials and defines the mechanical properties which can be determined thereby at ambient temperature For certain particuiar metallic materials and applications, the tensile test may be the subject of specific standards or particular requirements, 2 References EN 100022 1) Metallic materials; Tensile testing; Port 2: Verification of tensile testing machines Steel — Conversion of elongation values ~ Part 1 : Carbon and low alloy steels Steel ~ Conversion of elongation values — Part 2: Austenitic steels 2) Metallic materials — Verification of cextensometers used in uniaxial testing 3) Selection and preparation of samples and test pleces for stel and iron and steel products 180 2566-1-1984 ISO 2566-21984 'so/DIs 9513 Eu 18-1979 3 Principle ‘The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining one or moro of the mechanical properties defined in clause 4, ‘The testis carried out at ambient temperature between 10°C and 35°C, unless otherwise specified. Tests carried ‘ut under contralled conditions shall be made at a temperature of 23:4 5 °C, 4 Defiaiti For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply 4.1. gauge length (L) : Length of the cylindrical or ‘rismati¢ portion of the test piece on which elongation is measured at any moment during the test, fn particular distinction is made between: 4.1.1 original gauge length (Z.,) : Gauge length before application of force 4.1.2 final gauge length (L,.): Gauge length after rupture of the test piece (see 11.1), Thin preparation, 2) Penuing the preparation of Port 4 ofthis European Standard. 3 Unit this Euronoem is 4.2 parallel length (L.) = Length of the reduced section parallel portion of the tost pec. NOTE, The concept of paral ength is replaced by the concept of isance betwen gpa tor non-machined test piece 4.3 slongation : Increase in the original gauge length (Ly) at the end of the test. 4.4 percentage elongation : Elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (Lg). 4.4.1. percentage permanent elongation : Increase in the ‘original gauge length of a test piece atter removal of a specified stress (see 4.9), expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (Lo) 4.4.2 percentage elongation after fracture (A) : Perma: ‘sent elongation of the gauge length after fracture (Ly- Lg), ‘expressed 08 0 percentage of the original lenath (Z,) NOTE. n the case of proportional 5 peees, oni ifthe original ‘euge length is other than 5.55 ViSQH, raver Soi the gig! eros ‘ecional ara of the paate en athe tha svmBoI"A shal be supp ‘rentea by an index indiesting the coeticlent of proportion sed, for example: 411.3 percentage siongation ona giuge length Lg! of 11.345, Jn the case of non-proportiona! test pieces, the symbol A shall be stpploriented by on index indicating the ougine gauge fengih used, expressed in mutimetrs, for exam ‘4 BO mm ~ percentage elongation on aguuoe length (4) 0F80 mm 4.3 percentage total elongation at fracture (A,) : Total elongation (elastic elongation plus plastic elongation) et {he gauge Fength at the moment of fracture expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (L.,). 4.4.4 percentaga elongation at maximum force : Increase ‘the gouge lenath of the test piece at maximum force, ‘expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (Co). A distinction is made between the percentage total longa tion at maximum force (A,,) and the percentage non Proportional elongation at maximum force (44) (soe figure 1) 4.5 axtonsometer gouge length (Ly) > Length of the parallel portion of the test piece used for the measurement of extension by means of an extensometer (this length may differ trom Z, and shall be of any value greater than b, d oF D (ste table 1) but less than the parallel length (2) 4.6 extension : Increaso in the extensometer gauge length {L,) ata given moment of the test 4.6.1 percentage permanent extension : Increase in the extensometer gauye length after removal from the test piece of a specified stress, expressed as a percentage of the exten- someter gauge length (L} 4.6.2 percentage yield point extension (4,) : Extension between the start of yielding giving localized deformation ‘and the commencement of homogeneous deformation givingsmooth work hardening It isexpressed as 2 percentage of the extensometer gauge length (Ly) nsformed into a European Stondord i ean vithte be used or reference made 10 rhe conexpending ational Standards st oF whi ie given in annex F of this European Standard 415.58 VS, -5.VJiasyind4.7 percentage reduction of aren (Z) ; Maximwuen change in cross-sectional area which has occurred during the test (5, -$,) expressed as & percantage of the original cross sectional area (Sy) 4.8 maximum force (F,): The greater force which the test piece withstands during the test once the yield point has been pasted. 48 maximum foree (F,,) : The greater force which the test piece withstands during the test once the yield point has been passed. 4.9 stress: Force at any moment during the test divided by the original cross-sectional area (Sq) of the test piece. 4.9.1 tensile strength (A): Stress corresponding to the maximum force (Fy). 4.9.2 yield strength : When the metalic material exhibits a Yield phenomenon, 9 point is reached during the test at Which plastic deformation occurs withaut any inerease in the foreo, A distinction is made between 4.9.2.1 upper yield strength (F,,,) Value of stress at the moment when the first decrease m force is observed (see figure 2). EN 10 002 Part 1 Page 5 4.9.2.2 lower yield strength (Ray): Lowest value of stress during plastic yielding, ignoring any transient effects (see figure 2) 4.9.3 proof strenath, non-proportional extension (Fp) + ‘Stress at which a non-proportionsl extension is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length Lg) (see figure 3). The symbol used is followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage of the extensometer ‘gauge length, for example: Rag 2 4.9.4 proof strength, total extension (A,) : Stress at which ‘otal extension (elastic extension plus plastic extension) is equal to the specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length (L,) (see figure 4). The symbol used is followed by a sulfix glving the preseribed percentage of the original gauge length for example: A 9.5 4.95 permanent set strength (A): Stress at which, after removal of force, the permanent elongation of the original gauge length (L} of the permanent extension of the extensometer gauge lenath (L} does not exceed the specitiod value (see figure 6). The symbol used is followed by a suttix Giving the specified percentage of the permanent elongation for extension, for example: fo 2 sess NOTE, See tate I tor explanation of sleence numbers Figure 1, Detinitions of elongation Percentage elongationEN 10.002 Part 1 Page 6 sees Sirens Inivat worsient eect Percentage extension 0 Porcentagu extension o » Suess HO Percentage extension a) Percentage extension NOTE, See table 1 for explanation of reference numbers Figure 2. Definitions of upper and lower yield strength for different types of curveSteess Percentage elongation Percentage extension NOTE. Sea tabie 1 tor explanation of reference numbers Figure 3. Proof strength, non-proportional extension (A) Percentage extension | MOTE. See table 1 tor explanation of reference numbers, Figure 4, Proof strength, total extension (Ay) NOTE. See tabie 1 for explanation of reference numbers Figure 5. EN 10002 Part 1 Page 7 Percentage elongation or @ Percentage extention nent set strength (7)EW 10 002 Part 1 Page 8 5 Symbols and designations Symbols and corresponding designations ave given in table 1 ‘Table 1. Symbols and designations (continued) reteence [symbol] Unit | Datignaton ‘Table 1. Symbols and designations ome | ETE fatwanes | Somber [unt] Omvnton Erongation 13 = fmm | Elongation after Test pace tract 1 . mm | Thickness of a tat test piece or wall thickoess |} yg faay fa ofa tube 2 Jo Frm | Width of the paratet Inngth ofa tat test, jee or aver Bien averae 15 fa fs | excerage yn pin {dina tip tak eon from 2 tubo or width fram 9 ub 6 | percentage non proportional elonge 2 |e Yamm | cine of he ton st moximum parallel length of a force Fin euler test piace, er dlamiaar et eairdh v7 % Percentage total Seg or intecal elongation at ea maximum force Fy, Bete eel ace et ca wa, x Percentage total efongition at fracture 5 et gee eee 19 - me Specified percentage Original gauge lenath non proportional 6 rom | Borate enath extension = feat t eetobiiteae ft 2 |- |w Parcennage total i aaliinal extention 7 eset eaiaiaahitar ae a - |x Specifies percontage ie parmanent set extension or 8 com | Final gouge length elongation after facture fer aes Focee 8 mam? | Original cros- 2 te, [IN Maximum force ee Yield strength ~ Proo! strenath ~ Tensile strengen 23 [Ray | Nima? 3] Upper yield strenath 10 mmin? | Minimum eros ssetional age site 2 Nimm? | Low yield svenath fracture 2% ime? | Tensite strength n 7 — | | Percentoge reduction ; stone 26 |, | Ninm? | Prootstrenath, non So propartianal 2S 409 extension 2 a, | ian? | Permanent sot 12 = _[ovsontonae | strengthTable 1. Symbols and designations (concluded Reference | Symhot Unit Designation 28 N/mm? | Proof strength, total extension - € | N/mm? 1 see figures tt0 19. 2) S09 44.2. 3 Nira? — 1 MPa, 6 Test pieces 6.1. Shape and dimensions 6.1.4 General. The shape and dimensions of te test pieces depend on the shape and dimensions of the metalic products the mechanical properties of which ere to be determined, ‘The test piece i usally obtained by machining a sample from the product or a pressed blank or casting, However products of constant eross seetion (sections, bars, wis, fete) and also at catt ttt pieces (ie. cast irons and non: ferrous alloys) may be subjected to test without being machined. The cross section ofthe test pieces may be circular, sau rectangular, annular or in special casas, of some other shape Text piace the original gauge length of whichis related t0 the orginal eross-sectional area by the equation L, =k VS, are called proportional test pieces, The international {adopted valve for & is 5,65. Tho orginal gauge length shal tbo not less than 20 min, When the erorssetional are of the test pice i 00 smal fr this requirement to be met swith the coeticient & value of 8,65, a higher value {preferably 11,3) ora non-proportiona fst piece may be sed, EN 10 002 Part 1 Page 3 In the case of non-proportional test pieces, the original gauge length (L.) is taken independently of the original crosses 2 (Sy). ‘The dimensional tolerances of the test pieces shall be in acceordance with the appropriate annexes (see 6.2). 6.1.2 Machined test pieces. Machined test pieces shall incorporate a transition curve between the gripped ends ‘and the parallel length if these have different dimensions. The dimencions of this transition radius may be important and itis recarnmended that they be dofined in the material specification if they are not given in the appropriate annex (see 6.2) ‘The grippad ends may be of any shape to suit the grips of ‘the testing machine, The parallel length (L.) or, in the case where the test piece hay no transition curve, the free length between the ‘rips, shall always be greater than the original gauge length Moh 6.1.3 Non-machined test pioces. If the test piece consists of ‘an unmachined length of the product or of an unmarched test bar, the free length between the grips shall be sufficient for gauge marks to be at a ceasonable distance from these grips. Ascast test pieces shall Incorporate @ transition radius ‘between the gripped ends ond the parallel length, The dimensions of this transition radius are important and it is recommended thet they be defined in the product standard. ‘The gripped ends may be of any shape to suit the grips of the testing machine. The parallel length (J.,) shall always be greater than the original gauge length (Cg). 6.2 Types ‘The main types of test piece are defined in annexes A to O according to the shape and type of product, as shown in ‘able 2, Other types of test piece can be specified in product standards or by agreement, 6.3 Preparation of test pieces ‘The test pieces shall he taken and prepared in accordance with tha requirements of the European Standards for the different materials (EU 18, etc.) Table 2. Product types Type of product wire Q ‘Shoots — Fle fare ~ Sections EZ. @ Corresponding witha shickrass swith a shometer ov side in mienetias of 0,1 150000 6 30 10.1.22 Lower yiold strength (Rg, J. If only the lower Yield stress s being determined, the rato ot staining during Yield ofthe parallel langth of the test piece shall be between 0,000 26 /s and 0,0025 /s. The straining rate withthe : ‘aralle! length shal be Kept as constant as possible, If this, ‘ate cannot be rogulated directly, it shall be fixed by Fequlating the rate of stressing just before yield begins, ‘the controls of the machine not being further adjusted until competion of yield tin no case shall the rate of strassing in the elastic range exceed the maximum rates given in table 3 10.1.2.3 Upper and lower yield strengths (Rgy, and gy). Wf the two yield strengths are determined during the same Test, the conditions for determining the lower yield strength shall be complies with (see 10.1.1.2). 10.1.2 Proof strength, non-proportional extension and proof strength, (otal extension (Ry and Ry). Tho rate of stressing shall be within the limits Given in table 3, Within the plastic range and up to the proof strength (non: proportional extension ar total extensioa| the straining rate shall not exceed 0.0025 /s 10.1.3 Tensile strength (Ry) 10.1.3.1 fa the plastic range. The straining rate of the parallel length shail not exceed 0,008 /s, 10.1.3.2 Inthe elastic range. If the test does not include the determination of a yield stress (or proot stress, the rate of the machine may reach the maximum permitted inthe plastic range. 10.2 Method of gripping ‘The tost pieces shall be held by suitable means such a5 wedges, screwed holders, shouldered holders, hydrauli jacks, ee. Every endeavour shal be made to ensure that test pieces are held in such a way that the force is applied 9s axially as possible. Thisis of particular importance when testing Drievie materials or when determining aroaf strength (aon proportional extension) ot proot strength (total extension) or yield strength.11 Determination of percentage elongation after fracture (A) 11.1 Percentage elongation after fracture shall be determined in accordance with the definition given in 4A. For this purpose, the two broken pieces of the text piece ate carefully fitted back together so that their axes lie in a straight line, Special precautions shall be taken to ensure proper contact between the broken parts of the test piece when measuring the final gauge length. This is particularly important in the ‘case of test pieces of small cross section and test pieces having tow elongation values. Elongation after fracture (t., ~ Cg) shall be determined to the nearest 0,25 mm with a measuring device with 0,1 mm resolution and the value of percentage elongation after ‘fracture shall be rounded to the nearest 0,5 %. Ifthe specified minimum percentage elongation is less than 5 %, is recommended that special precautions are taken when determining elongation. “This measurement is, n principle, valid only if the distance. between the fracture and the nearest gauge mark is not less than one-third of the original gauge length (t.,). However, the measurement is valid, irrespective of the position of the fractute, if the percentage elongation after fracture reaches at least the spacified value and this shall be stated in the test report 11.2 For machines capable of measuring extension at fracture using an extensometer, itis not necessary to ‘mark the gauge lengths. The elongation is measured as the total extension at fracture, and itis therefore necessary to deduct the elastic extension in order to obtain percentage elongation after fracture. In principle, this measurement is only valid if fracture occurs within the extensometer gauge tength (Lg). The ‘measurement is valid regardless of the position of the ‘fracture cross section if the percentage elongation after fracture at least reaches the specified value and this shall be stated in the test report. NOTE. Ifthe product standurd apecifos the deverminatian of ‘percentage elongation atta rupture for agven lengt, the extensometer gage length shall be taken a5 equa! to this length, 11.3 If co permitted by the product standard, elongation may be measured over a given fixed length and converted to proportional gauge length using conversion formu ‘or tables at agreed beTore the commencement of testing {for example as in {SO 2566-1 and ISO 2566-2). NOTE, Comparison of percentage elongation ae posse only ‘shan the gauge Fength or ox tunadrneter gauge length th chaps and 4area of the crass section are the tame ar when the coetiient of eoportion ality 1) i the some. 11.4 In order to avoid having to reject test pieces in which fracture may occur outside the limits spocified in 11.1, the ‘method based on the sub-division of Lg into MV equal parts may be used, as described in annex E EN 10002 Part 1 Page 17 42. Determination of proof strength (non-proportional extension) (A) 12.1 The proof strength (non-propartional extension) Is determined from the force/extension diaaram by drawing a Vine paralel to the straight portion of the curve and at a distance from this equivalont to the prescribed non proportional peccentage, for exampla 0,2 % The point at which this line intersects the curve gives the fores corresponding to the desired proof strength (non- proportional extension). The latter is obcained by dividing this force by the original cross-sectional area of the test piece (Sg) (se figure 3). ‘Accuracy in drawing the force-extension diagram is essential If the straight portion of the forct/extension diagram is not clearly detined, thereby preventing drawing the paratlel line with sufficient precision, the following procedure is Yecommanded (see figure 6). When the presumed proot strength has been exceeded, the force is reduced 10 a value equal to about 10 % of the force ‘obtained. The force is increased again untit it exceeds the value obtained originally. To determine the desired proof strength a line is dravn through the hysteresis loop. A line is then drawn parallel to this ting, at a distance from the in of the curve, measured along the abscissa, equal to the proscribed non-propertional percentage. The inter tecetion of this paralel line and the force/extension curve gives the force corresponding to the proof strength. The latter is obtained by dividing this torce by the original cross-sectional area of the test piece (Sp). (See figure 6.) 12.2 The property may be obtained without plotting the force/extension curve by using automatic devices {micro- processor, etc) Fores comesponding 19 Rip Extension Spscitied non-propertions! extension Figure 6, Proof stength, nor-proportionat extension (Rp) (se 12.1)EN 19 002 Part 1 Page 12 13. Determination of proof strength (total extension) (R) 13.1. The proof strength (total extension) is determined on the force/extension diagram by drawing a line parallel to the ordinate axis (force axis) and ats distance from this equivalent to the prescribed total percentage extension. The int at which this ine interseets the curve gives the force corresponding to the desired proot strenath. The latter is obtained by dividing this fore by the original eross- sectional area ofthe test piece (Sp) (see figure 4), 13.2 The property may be obtained without platting the forcelentension diagram by using automatic devices, 14 Method of verification of permanent. set strength (R) ‘The test piece is subjected to a force for 10s to 12s ‘corresponding to the specified stress and it is then confirmed, after removing the force, that the permanent set extension or elongation isnot more than the percentage specified for the original gauge length. 15 Test report The test report shail contain at least the following information: reference to this standard, i.e. EN 10.0021 identification of the test piece nature of the material, if known = type of test location and direction of sampling of test pieces — characteristics measured and results, Sven Percentage extension NOTE. See table 1 for explanation of reference numbers, Figure 7, Lower yield strength (R,) Porce (o) Al Elongation NOTE. See table + far explanation of reference numbers, Figure 8. Maximum faree (F,)Annex A. Types of test piece to be used for thin products: sheets, strips and flats between 0,1 mm and 3 mm thick ("this annex forms an integral part of the standard.) For products of less than 0,5 mm thickness, special pre- cautions may be nevessary. A.1 Shape of the test piece Generally, the test piece has gripped ends which are wider than the parallel length, The paral! length {L) shall be ‘connected to the ends by means ot transition curves with a radius of atleast 12 mm (sce figure 9). The width of those ends shall be at least 20 mm and not more th 40 mm. The test piece may sls0 consist ofa strip with parallel sides. For produets of width equal to or less than 20 mm, the Width of the tast piece may be the same as that of the product A.2 Dimensions of the test piece {A21 Nom proportional wt piece The puael engi al be nat stan Ly +8. nea of pate, the lengt + 2b hall eye be ua unl thre inten atria inthe cae of paral ied test plc ls thon 20mm wide’ ond unletoterwie pastas ithe peut ander, the ogi! gugeenth(Lq)ha besa SO mm. Fr sis type est pec, tee length between Sep shal cal tobe" 30 There ae two toes of ron proportional es ies, wth Simevions x gen in abied Winer massing the dimensions of ech x pie, the tavarent on nape giwn in tale 8 al appt Inthe cae of et pices where he wid i tesa that ofthe procuc the ginal sow seatonl ae Se) mny be aatatd a the bask te meanired Smen sane arte eat gine The romina! with ofthe es pee may be adopted prow tat te machining tlraner dnd olan on Zaman tne have been compte th tote Imani tbe width oft tet lest othe ef he wor ‘Table 4, Dimensions of test pieces EN 10 002 Part 1 Page 13, A.2.2 Proportional test piece For tost pieces of shape as defined in A.2.1 itis possible to take the original gauge fengih {Z,q) as proportional to the ‘original cross-sectional area (Sq) using one of the relations: 19" 5.65 VSq or Lo = MB VSe A3 Preparation of test pieces The test pieces shall be prepared s0 as not to affect the properties ofthe metal, Any areas which have been hardened by shearing or pressing shall be removed by machining For vory thin macerias it isrecommended that strips of identical widths should be cut and assembled into a bundle with intermediate layers ofa paper which is resistant to the cutting ol. It is tecommonded that each small bundle of strips be assembled with a thicker strip on each side, before machining tothe final dimensions ofthe test piece. AA Determination of the original cross- sectional area (S,) “The original cross-sectional area shall be calculated from measurement ofthe mensions of the tes: pee. “The error in determining the origina! crosssctionsl area shall not exceed + 2%, As the greatest part of this error normally results from the measurement ofthe thickness of the test pece, the evor in measurement ofthe width shall rot exceed #02 % Table 5, Tolerances on the width of the test piece Dimensions and tolerances in mivimerees ‘Nominal width of the ‘Tolerance ‘st place tolerance 1? on shape 12.5 +0,09 0.04 20 20,10 0.05 1 thee tolerances ore applicable it the nominal value of the orginal eros ction aro IS) is £0 sncluded in the taleuation without having to measure it Dimensions in eitioenes Test piece | wisth ‘Original gouge | Paraiet, ‘yee! o lenge Teeth to te 1 50 75 2 2041 | 80 120 149EN 10.002 Part 1 Page 14 NOTE. See tabi 1 for explanation of reference numbers, Figure 9. Machined test pieces of rectangular cross seotion (:00 annex A)Annex B. Types of test piece to be used in ‘the case of wire, bars and sections with a diameter or thickness of less than 4mm (This annex forms an integral part of the standard.) B.1 Shape of the test piece “The test piece gonerally consists of an unmachined portion Cf the product (see figure 10) B.2 Dimensions of the test piece The original gauge length (g) shall be taken a8 200 + 2 mm or 100 + 1 mm or as 11,3.v/ So") in the case of products of diameter equal to or grcater than Tm, The distance tetwren the grips of the machin shall bo equal to at laast Lg * 50 mm, except in the case of smal diameter wires where this distance can be taken a8 equal t0 Lg NOTE. n cas where he pereantgs langaton str fete ‘otto be Getrnined; a datanc beoreon te grics oat et 38 mm moy be ae [| NOTE 1, The snupn ofthe 1st Bee hee a NOTE 2, See tabi t for explanation of retoronce numbers nt from clause 6.1.1 not applicable inthis cose, 0 only as «guide Figure 10. Test pieces comprising a non-machined portion of the product (see annex B) EN 10 002 Part 1 Page 15 B.3 Preparation of test pieces If the product is dlivered coiled, care shal bo taken in straightening B.4 Determination of the original cross- sectional area (S,) ‘The original cross-sectional area {Sq} shail be determined to dan accuracy of + 1 %, For products of circular cross section, the original cross: sectional area may be calculated from the arithmetic mean of twa measurements carried out in two perpendicular directions. ‘The original cross-sectional area may be determined from the mass of a known length and its density,EN 10.002 Part 1 Page 16 Annex C. Types of test piece to be used in the case of sheets and flats of thickness equal to or greater than 3 mm, and wire, bars and sections of diameter or thickness equal to or greater than 4mm (This annex forms an integral port ofthe standard.) C.1 Shape of the test piece In general, the test piece is machined and the parallel length shall be connected by means of transition radii to the ripped ends which may be of any suitable shape for the grips of the test machine (see figure 11), The transition radius shall be at least: 2 mm for cylindrical test pieces = 12 mm for test pieces of rectangular cross section. NOTE. or cartsin materials, these values ay be too low and likely 1 result in facture OF the test pice in the aa ofthe transition, Sections, bars, otc, may be tested unmachined if required. The cross section of the test piece may be circular, square, rectangular or, in special cases, of another shape. For test pieces with a rectangular erass section, it is recommended not to exceed a ratio of 8: 1 between the width and thickness of the test piece, In general, the diamoter of the parallel length of machined cylindrical test pieces shall be not less than 4 mm, €.2 Dimensions of the test piece €.2.1 Parallel length of machined test piece The parallel length (Zg) shall be atleast equal to a 8) Lo * & ia the case of test pieces with circular cross section b)Lg #15 V So in the caso of prismatic test pieces. Depending on the type of test piece, the length Le + 2a OF Lo +2 V/Sp shall be used in cases of dispute, unless there is ingutficiont material €.2.2 Length of unmachined test piece ‘The free length between the grips of the machine shalt he adequate for the gauge marks to be a reasonable distance from these grips, €.2.3 Original gauge length (Lg) ©.2.3.1 Proportional tet pieces ‘Asa general rure, proportional test pieces are used where the original gauge length (£9) is related to the original cross. sectional area (Sq) by the equation: kV 55 bo where k is equal to 6,65, which gives Ly = Sd in the case of test pieces of circular cross section. Test pieces of citcular cross section shall preferably have the dimensions given in table 6, €2.3.2 Non-proportional test pieces Non-proportional test pieces may be used if specified by the product standard, €.3 Preparation of test pieces ‘The tolerances on the transverse dimensions of machined test pieces are given in table 7. ‘An example of the application of these tolerances is given below. 4) Machining toferances If the nominal value of the original cross-sectional area (Sq) is to be included in the calculation without having ‘to measure it the vaiuo given in table 7, for example £0,075 mm for a nominal diameter of 10 mm, moans that no test piece shall have a diameter outside the two values given below: 10 + 0.075 = 10,075 mm 10 - 0,076 = 6,925 mm 1b} Tolerances on shape The value given in table 7 means that, for atest piece with @ nominal diameter of 10 mm which satisfies the ‘machining conditions given above, the deviation between the smaliest and largost diameters measured shall not ‘exceed 0,04 mm, Consequently, if the minimum diameter of this test piece is 9,99 mm, its maximum diameter shall not excend 9,99 + 0,04 10,03 mm €.4 Determination of the cross-sectional area (S.) ‘The nominat diameter can be used to calculate the original cross sectional area of test piecns of circular cross seetion which satisfy the tolerances qiven in table 7, For al other shapes of 10st pieces, the original cross-sectional area shall be calculated from measurements of the appropriate dimensions, with an errar not exceeding + 0,5 % on each dimension,EN 10002 Part 1 Page 17 Figure 11. Proportional test pieces (see annex C) NOTE 1. The shapw ofthe vest piece heads is oven only aa vide NOTE 2, See bie 1 for expunasion of reference numbers ‘Table 6. Circular cross section test piaces Origine cross Diameter sectional area Total length ‘ 7 So te 20 +0,150 3142 1001.0 110 Depends on the method of fixing the test piece in sas | 100,075 785 50205 86 the machine grips 6 +0040 196 25+ 0,25 28 {In principle: by P ket 2eEN 10 002 Part 1 Page 18 ree eens =a eae omen | Semester en se | “ee ewe, dimension ')) [rr Sef >3 + 0,06 003 7 >6 £0,075, 004 machined test pieces] >19 | £0.09 0.04 eee >is £0,106 0,05 ae er cea 7 >6 0,22 ‘Transverse: >10 0,27 dimensions of test <18 pecan] 18 monterey, | > on 1) These tolerances are applicable if the nominal value of 2) Maximum deviation between the measurements of &Annex D. Types of test piece to be used in the case of tubes (This annex forms an integral part of the standard.) D.1 Shape of the test piece The test piece consists either of a length of tube oF a ongitudinal or transverse strip cut from the tube ang having the full thickness of the wall of the tube (see figures 12 and 13), or of o test piece of circular cross section, machined from the wall of the tube, Machined transverse, longitudinal and circular cross section ‘est pieces are described in annex A for tube wall thickness toss than 3mm and in annex C for thickness equal to or greater than 3 mmm, The fongitudinal strip is generally only Used for tubes with a wall thickness of more than 0.5 mm, For tests carried out on strip taken from welded tubes, unless otherwise specified in the product standard, the strip. shall be cut at a position away from the weld bead. D2 Dimensions of the test piece D2. Length of tube tn order tobe gripped at both ends, the length of tube may be: 4) fitted with plugs of appropriate diameter b) or fitted with two flat pieces approximately adapted to itsciameter, then compressed ) or Flattened, Options b) and c) ean oniy be applied to tubes of diameter 25 mm or lest. In cazos of dispute, only option a) shall be sed Plugs or tlt seals shall nave o wicth at east equal to that of the grips and may project beyond the grips for 2 maximum longth equai to the external diameter of the tube, Within this area, the shape ofthe plugs or seals shall have no offact ‘on the deformation of the gauge length “The fre length between a plug or fat seal andthe cioest gauge mark shal! be greater than D/4. In cases of dispute. this length shall be the subject ofan agreement between the partes 1.2.2 Longitudinal or transverse strip ‘The parailal fength (4 ¢) of fongitudinal strips shall not be tened but the griniad ends may ba flattoned for srinping in the testing machine. EN 10002 Part 1 Page 19 Transverse oF longitudinal test piece dimensions other than those given in annexes A and C can be specified in the product standard. ‘Special precautions shall be taken when straightening the wansverse test pieces, 2.2.3 Machined circular cross section of tube wall ‘Tho sampling of the test pieces may be specifiad in the product standard. D3 Determination of the original cross- sectional area (S,) ‘The original cross-sectional area of the test piace shall be determined to the nearest * 1%, “The original cross-sectional area of the lenath of tubs or longitudinal or transverse strip may be determined from the mass of the test piace, the length of which hes been ‘measured, and from its donsity, ‘The original cross-sectional area (Sq) of a test piece consisting of a longitudinal or transverse strip shall be calculated according to the following equation: BY ip? pty 2 eresin 2 So- (2) 08 208188 ecsin ® 2 pty + (4) wear oe - (ts) is the average width of the strips; Dis the external diameter The following simplified equations can be used for (ongitudinal or transvorse tast pieces > o when /5 < 0,25, Sq ab | 1 p= o eb [ were] 6 en 2< 0,17, Sq "ab when & < 0,17, Sq =a In the case of a length of tube, the original eross-seetional r0a (So) shall be calculated as follows: Sone (D-alEN 10 002 Part 1 Page 20 NOTE. See table 1 Tor exoianation of entecence numbers Figure 12. Test pieces comprising a length of tube (see annex D) u . NOTE 1. The snape of the est piace head NOTE 2. See tablet for expianation of ref Figure 13. Test piece cut from a tube (see annex D)Annex E, Measurement of percentage elongation after fracture, based on sub-division of the original gauge length (This annex forms an integral part of the standard.) To avoid having to reject test pieces where the position of the fracture does not comply with the conditions of 11.1, the following method may be used, by agreement: a) before the test, sub»divide the original gauge length Lg into W equal parts; b) after the test, use the symbol X to denote the gauge ‘mark of the shorter piece and the symbol Y to denote the gauge mark for the divisions shown on the longer piece (where the distance of the longer piece from the fracture is nearest to the distance of the fracture from ‘gauge mark x), Wa is the number of intervals between X and Y, the elongation after fracture is determined at follows: 1) 6. -isan even number (see figure 14a}), measure the distance between X and Y and the distance trom ¥ to the graduation mark Z located at intervats beyond Y, NOTE. The shape of the tet piece head is given ony asa gud EN 10.002 Part 1 Page 21 calculate the percentage elongation after fracture using tha equation Aw XVEIZ = Lo y 199 bo 2) If -n is an odd number (figure 14b}), measure the distance between X and Y and the distanee from ¥ to the graduation marks Z' and 2” located respectively at Nea Ment) Nan) ayg Month 2 2 intervals beyond Y; calculate the percentage elongation after fracture using the equation XY YZ 4 YZ" -Lo bo A x 100 Figure 14, Example of elongation measurement after fractureEN 10 002 Part 1 Page 22 Annex F. List of National Standards corresponding to reference Euronorm 18 (This annex forms an integral part of the standard.) Until Euronorm 18 is transformed into 3 European ‘Standard, itis possible either to use it or reter to the ‘corresponding national standards, a list of which is given in table 8. Table 8. National standards corresponding to Euronorm 18 Corresponding National Standard in Euronorm — | Garmany Franco UK Italy Belgium Sweden 18 y NFA 03111 2) UNFEU 18 | NBN A 03.001 3) of test samples ara 1) Sioce there is no DIN Standard corresponding to EU 18, cequirements in respect of preparation and sle sthigh temperature ON 17 185 contained inthe appropriate product stundord. For example, for structural purposes DIN 17 100, for us fan for une at low tempereturs DIN 17 280, 2) Since there i no British Standard corremonding to EU 1, requirements in expect of preperation and alection of ext samples are ‘contsined in the sppropriete product standards. For example, for structural purposes BS 4360, for pressure vessel purposes BS 1501. rardrd for ach product. Thesa standards aru: $5 11 01 19 t0 SS 11 01 25, 21 In Sweden, fr sampling for tensile testing thers ison 88.11 0128, 85 1401.31 and $5 11 OF 35 to SS 11.01 38.BS EN 10002-1 : 1990 National appendix A “The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Iron and Steel and the Non-ferrous Metals Standards Policy Committees (ISM/- and NFM/.1 to Technical Committee ISM/NFM/4 upon which the following bodies were represented: Alumninium Feder British Gas ple British Non-Ferrous Metals Federation British Railways Board British Stee! Industry Copper Development Association Department of Trade and Industry (National Engineering Laboratory) Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation Service) Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) ERA Tachnology Ltd. GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) : Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Welding Institute “The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: ‘Association of Consulting Scientists BCIRA Institute of Sheet Metal Engineering Lloyds Register of Shipping Process Plant Association National appendix B ‘The British Standard corresponding to the international standard referred to in EN 10 002-1 is as follows: International standard Britith standard 1S0 2566-2-1984 BS 3804 Method for converting elongstion values for steet Part 2 ; 1985 Mothod conversion for application to austenitic steels Aldenticall {A related British Standard to EN 10 002-2” is 8S 1610 ‘Materials testing machines and force verification equipment Part 1 : 1985 Specification for the grading of the foroes appiied by materials testing machines’. A related British Standard 10 150 2566-1-1984 is BS 3894 ‘Method for converting elongation values for steal: Part 1 : 1965 Carbon and fow alloy steels’. A related British Standard to ISO/DIS 95131 is BS 3846 : 1970 ‘Method for calibration and grading of ‘extensometers for testing of metals’. There is no British Standard corresponding to EU 18-19793. © pening the DeDaration of Par 4 af vs Evrovean Stand. £ See Annex F“This British Standard, having besa prepared under the direction of the ron and Steel andthe Non-errous Metals Stonclards Policy ‘Committees was pubiahed under the outhority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 Octobe: 1980 2 Beis Standoed Intitation, 1990 First qublished, as BSYB, June 1908 Sesoed edition, Jone 1907 ‘Third dition, Noverber 1910 Fourth edition, Dgcembor 1938 ‘Sevunth auition, Oetaber 1962 Eighth edition, Part 1, Fabruary 1970 Eighth edition, Pare 2, 3d 4, July 1971 Ninth eaition, June 1887 Tenth edition, as 8S EN 10.002-1.0crobe 1990 191 0 580 18805 1 ‘The following BSI references relate v0 she work on this standard Commirtew eferance ISMYNFM/4 Draft for comment 87137338 DG ‘Betiah Standard iatiution. incorporated by Roya Charter BSI isthe Independent national Ddy for the preparation of British Standards. t [s Bh Uk member ofthe Internsionsl Orgadzation for ‘Standardeaion and UK sponsor of the Brith National Commie of ‘he Internatione!Bletrotechmest Commiasion. 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