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Ch01 OBE-Introduction
Ch01 OBE-Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.2
EFFECTIVENESS
1.3
DATA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
1.4
FIVE COMPONENTS
•What is a network?
1.9
NETWORK CRITERIA
2. Reliability – user’s satisfaction
about network.
• Measured by :
frequency of failure
the time for recovering the failure
robustness in a catastrophe.
3. Security – data protecting.
• Measured by :
data collision, etc.
1.10
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES
1. Physical Connection
• Two possible types of connections:
a) Point-to-Point
- dedicated link between two
devices.
b) Multipoint (Multi-drop)
- more than two devices share a
single link either spatially or
temporally.
1.11
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES
1.12
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES
2. Topology
- the way in which a network is
laid out physically.
1.14
MESH TOPOLOGY
1.15
STAR TOPOLOGY
1.16
STAR TOPOLOGY
1.17
BUS TOPOLOGY
1.18
BUS TOPOLOGY
1.19
RING TOPOLOGY
1.20
RING TOPOLOGY
1.21
HYBRID TOPOLOGY
Figure 1.9 A hybrid topology: a star backbone with three bus networks
1.22
NETWORK MODELS
• Computer networks are created by
different entities.
• Standards are needed so that these
heterogeneous network can
communicate between entities.
• Two best-known standards:
1. OSI model
- defines a seven-layer network
2. Internet model
- define a five-layer network
1.23
CATEGORIES OF NETWORK
1.24
CATEGORIES OF NETWORK
1.25
CATEGORIES OF NETWORK
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Provides long-distance transmission of
information over large geographic areas.
• Normally covers a number of LANs,
entire city or entire world.
• Types:
i. Switched WAN
ii. Point-to-point WAN
1.26
INTERCONNECTION OF NETWORKS
• Internetwork
• When two or more networks (either
LAN, WAN, or MAN) are connected,
they become an internetwork, or
internet.
1.27
1-3 THE INTERNET
1.28
1-4 PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS
What is protocols?
1.29
PROTOCOLS
• Elements of protocol:
1. Syntax
- structure or format of data.
2. Semantics
- meaning of each section.
3. Timing
- when data should be sent and
how fast they can be sent.
1.30
STANDARDS
• What is standards?
- provide guidelines to
manufacturers, vendors, government
and other service providers.
- to ensure that products from
different manufactures can work
together.
1.31
STANDARDS
• Categories of standards :
1. De facto
- standards that have been adopted as
standards through widespread use.
2. De jure
- standards that have been legislated
by an officially recognized body.
1.32
STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
• Standards Creation Committees
i. International Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
ii. International Telecommunication Union-
Telecommunication Standards Sector
(ITU-T)
iii. American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
iv. Institute of Electrical and Electronics
engineers (IEEE)
v. Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
1.33
ITT300
Introduction to Data Communication and
Networking
Q&A