Database

Management
System

Lecture - 27
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 Alter Table Statement
Purpose is to make changes in the
definition of a table already created
through Create statement
Can add, drop attributes or
constraints, activate or deactivate
constraints; the format is
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 ALTER TABLE table
{ [ ALTER COLUMN column_name
    { new_data_type [ ( precision [ , scale ] ) ]
        [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
    ]
    | ADD
        { [ < column_definition > ]
        |  column_name AS computed_column_expression
        } [ ,...n ]
    | DROP
        { [ CONSTRAINT ] constraint_name
            | COLUMN column } [ ,...n ]
    | { CHECK | NOCHECK } CONSTRAINT
        { ALL | constraint_name [ ,...n ] }
} © Virtual University of Pakistan
 Alter Table Command
ALTER TABLE Student
add constraint fk_st_pr
foreign key (prName) references
Program (prName)

ALTER TABLE program

add constraint ck_totSem
check (totSem < 9)
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Removing or Changing Attribute
ALTER TABLE student
ALTER COLUMN stFName char(20)
Alter table student
drop column curSem
Alter table student
drop constraint ck_st_pr

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Removing Rows and Tables
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
Truncate table class
Delete can also be used
DROP TABLE table_name
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Data Manipulation Language
Insert
Select
Update

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 Insert Statement
 To insert records into tables
 INSERT [ INTO] table
      {    [ ( column_list ) ]
        { VALUES
            ( { DEFAULT | NULL | expression } [ ,...n] )
         }
    }
    | DEFAULT VALUES
© Virtual University of Pakistan
 Database
Management
System

Lecture - 27
© Virtual University of Pakistan