130 CHAPTERS Polynomial ad Rational Fnctons 401. (a) Substituting. — $ for x we have aac? +br+e = (X~4$a)'+a(X— 4a)? 4+b(X —4a) +e = X9 aX? + JuX + bo! ta(X?— Jax + J?) +0X—dab+e = X5 ax? + JaX + Ba! pax? —JalX 4 fo" 4 OX — dab-+e = X84 (cata) X? + (40? ~ 20? 48) X + (Ba? + da" — $0640) XO 4(b-0) K+ (i fab +e) (b) 29462749244 = P34 41. 5 ~ Tis real part 5, imaginary part ~7. . Setting a = 6,b = 9, and Complex Numbers 5. 3: real part 3, imaginary part 0. 7. ~4is real part, imaginary part —3, 9. V3 + V4 = V3 +2i: real part V3, imaginary part 2, 14. (2 — Bi) + (3 + 4i) = (243) + (-5+4)i= 13. (6-464) + (08) = (6 +9) + (6-1) = 345i 15. 31 + (6 —4i) =6 + (81-48) = 6~Ti 41. (T= Hi) ~ (54 Fi) = (7-5) + (2 - §) t= 2-24 19, (-12-+81) — (7 + 4i) = 12+ 81 - 7-41 = (12-7) + (8-4): 2. 3i-G- at [g-(-))i=-a 43 23, 4(-14 21) =-4+8¢ 25, (7 =i) (4 + 2i) = 28 + 144 — 44 — 27? = (28-42) + (14-4) i= 90+ 104 27, (3 — Ai) (5 — 124) = 15 ~ 364 — 204 + 48%? = (16 — 48) + (—36 — 20) = —33 ~ 56% +6) +(4~a)i 84i ina Stag a Tai T+4 Bete 26490 _ 26490) 249i 52+ 78i+ 784117! _ (52-117) + (78+ 78)i_ -05-+ 1561 2-8 ~ 2-81 248i +98 = 440 B 5+ 121 1Wi+ 202 _ =20+10i _ 5(-4+2i) 1-42 i+4 3 wee ae 45,0 = ("= 0)" =1 41, JB = 85 49. /=3V/=12 = v3 2iv8 = oF 54. (8~ V=B) (14 VAT) = (8 ~ iv) (1+ 8) =3-+ 54 V5 ~ PVE = (84+ V5) + (3 ~ vB)i = Awehave: X*4- (9 — 62) X+(82— 18 + 4) = X9—27X-418.SECTIONS.4 Complex Numbers 131 53, 2EVEB _ 24 2iv2 _242iV2 1 —iv2 _ 2—divB4 2ivB—4i* _ (244) + (-2V2 4 2V2) i “Te Vve2 THivd 1 siv2 1- ive 1-2 T+? mu 55, Y=38___6i__ 2 aH 22 WF is 31 OD 59.0? -4r+5=0 > © SL ttetis0 +e = WAV OPE _ ayes CeVCRRADD _ eyi8 _ neva 3a) aa (VOGT _ sanyo _ ay * 63. 227-27 +1=0 65. tH3+3=0 & F43tH3=0 > z 67, 627 + 120+7= = ans ETO SHO _ =a ViNEWE _ -ayon an =p say = (OPO _ savers = = 14 y=123% a t 7A. LHS =2 +0 =F bi) + CFA) =0-bitc—di= (ate) +(-b-d) RHS = Fu = (a+ bi) + (e+ di) = (++ OFAi=(a+e)—(b+a) Since LHS = RHS, this proves the statement, 6. ir?—r+5=0 > 2 abi + bi? (FP) + Babi = (a? — 8) - (a? — 6°) — abi. 4+ bi +a ~ bi = 2, which is areal number. TH. 2 B= (a+ bi)- (FGI) = (a+ bi) + (a— bi) = a? — B%? = a0? + 6, which isa real number, 79, Using the quartic formula, the solutions tothe equation are = =! WF — Me. since bth solutions ae imaginary, wehave b —dac <0 4 ac —¥? > 0, so the solutions are « = 5 7 is areal number. Thus the solutions are complex conjugates of each other. A. (—1 4+-4v3)® (—1 + evB)® = (—1 4 vB) (-1 + 83) (-1 + iv) = (—1 + iv3) (1-213 + 344) = (1+ v3) [1 — 2iv3 +3 (-1)] = (-1 + v8) (-2-21v8) = 2+ 2iv3 — Biv3 - 2H -3=24+6=8 (-1-av3)° = (-1 ~ iv) (1 év3) (-1~ v3) = (-1 ~ iv) (1+ 2173 +39") = (-1~év8) (2+ 2iv3) = 2 - 24/8 + 2iv3- 27-9 =24+6=8 ‘Thus 8 has at least three cube roots (one real and two complex). Two fourth roots of 16 are 4:2, If we caloulate (2), we get 24 i# = 16. (1)? = 16, s0 21 is a fourth root of 16. Also, —2i is a fourth root of 16, because (2) = (-1)8 (2i)* = 1-16 = 16,