Part 1

alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

test_dups = ["zzz","dog","bookkeeper","subdermatoglyphic","subdermatoglyphics"]

test_miss = ["zzz","subdermatoglyphic","the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"]

#The below code turns the lists into strings that can go through the histogram program

test_dups = ''.join(test_dups)

test_miss = ''.join(test_miss)

def histogram(s):

d = dict()

for c in s:

if c not in d:

d[c] = 1

else:

d[c] += 1

return d

#takes the histogram from above and returns true if any of the values are duplicated

def has_duplicates(s):

histo=histogram(s)

for k,v in histo.items():

if v > 1:

return True

else:

return False

#prints has duplicates if there are any duplicates and prints does not have duplicates if there are no
#duplicates

def test_duplicates(s):

if has_duplicates(s)==True:

print(s+' has duplicates')

 else:

print(s+' does not have duplicates')

OUTPUT

>>> test_duplicates(alphabet)

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz does not have duplicates

>>> test_duplicates(test_dups)

zzzdogbookkeepersubdermatoglyphicsubdermatoglyphics has duplicates

>>> test_duplicates(test_miss)

zzzsubdermatoglyphicthe quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog has duplicates

Part 2

alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

test_dups = ["zzz","dog","bookkeeper","subdermatoglyphic","subdermatoglyphics"]

test_miss = ["zzz","subdermatoglyphic","the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"]

#The below code turns the lists into strings that can go through the histogram program

test_dups = ''.join(test_dups)

test_miss = ''.join(test_miss)

def histogram(s):

d = dict()

for c in s:

if c not in d:

d[c] = 1

else:

d[c] += 1

return d
 def missing_letters(s):

histo=histogram(s)

absent_let=[]

for l in alphabet:

if l not in histo:

absent_let.append(l)

return ''.join(absent_let)

def has_letters(s):

if len(missing_letters(s))<1:

print(s+' has all the letters of the alphabet')

elif len(missing_letters(s))>=1:

print(s+' is missing the following letters: '+ missing_letters(s))

OUTPUT

>>> has_letters(test_dups)

zzzdogbookkeepersubdermatoglyphicsubdermatoglyphics is missing the following letters: fjnqvwx

>>> has_letters(test_miss)

zzzsubdermatoglyphicthe quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog has all the letters of the alphabet

>>> has_letters(alphabet)

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz has all the letters of the alphabet

References

Downey, A. (2015). Think Python: How to think like a computer scientist. Needham, Massachusetts: Green Tree
Press.

Ondiekelijah. (n.d.). Ondiekelijah/python-dictionaries. GitHub. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from

https://github.com/ondiekelijah/Python-Dictionaries

Tyler David(1966, September 1). Checking for duplicate letters within lists by using a histogram function. Stack
Overflow. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from
GeeksforGeeks. (2023, February 27). Python - accessing items in lists within dictionary. GeeksforGeeks.
Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-accessing-items-in-lists-within-
dictionary/