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Variable MM 502
Variable MM 502
4 Homework Solutions
(2.2b) Prove that Im(iz) = Re z.
Write z = x + iy where x, y are real. Then
iz = i(x + iy)
= ix − y
= −y + ix
Im(iz) = x
= Re z
2xy − 2y = 0
2y(x − 1) = 0
2y = 0 or x−1=0
y=0 or x=1
12 − y 2 − 2(1) + 2 = 0
1 = y2
±1 = y
1
Using this same formula again,
x −y
1 x2 +y 2
− x2 +y 2
= 2 2 + i 2 2
1/z x −y x −y
x2 +y 2
+ x2 +y 2 x2 +y 2
+ x2 +y 2
x y
x2 +y 2 x2 +y 2
= + i
x2 +y 2 x2 +y 2
(x2 +y 2 )2 (x2 +y 2 )2
x y
x2 +y 2 x2 +y 2
= + i
1 1
x2 +y 2 x2 +y 2
= x + iy
= z
(3.4) Prove that if z1 z2 z3 = 0, then at least one of the three factors is zero.
First note that we can rewrite z1 z2 z3 = 0 as (z1 z2 )z3 = 0.
We have already shown that if z4 z5 = 0, then either z4 = 0 or z5 = 0. Using this fact
with z4 = z1 z2 and z5 = z3 , then either z1 z2 = 0 or z3 = 0. But if z1 z2 = 0, then either
z1 = 0 or z2 = 0.
So either z1 = 0, z2 = 0 or z3 = 0.
(4.A) Prove that |z1 + z2 | ≥ |z1 | − |z2 | for every pair of complex numbers z1 and z2 .
The trick to proving this inequality is to notice that if you move the |z2 | to the other
side, the inequality can be written as
This is very similar to the Triangle Inequality. In fact, it follows directly from the triangle
inequality and the fact that |z1 | = |(z1 + z2 ) − z2 |. Apply the Triangle Inequality to that
expression and you get
which (once you move the |z2 | back over) is what we needed to prove.
√
(4.4) Verify that 2|z| ≥ |Re z| + |Im z|.
Start by putting the left side in terms of x and y.
√ √ p
2|z| = 2 x2 + y 2
p
= 2x2 + 2y 2
The book has a hint, suggesting we use the fact that (|x| − |y|)2 ≥ 0 because (|x| − |y|) is
real so the square makes it positive. Remember that |Re z| = |x| and |Im z| = |y|. We will
2
rearrange the hint inequality to get the inequality we need to prove.
(|x| − |y|)2 ≥ 0
|x|2 − 2|x||y| + |y|2 ≥ 0
x2 − 2|x||y| + y 2 ≥ 0 (|x|2 = x2 , |y|2 = y 2 since x, y real)
x2 + y 2 ≥ 2|x||y|
2x2 + 2y 2 ≥ x2 + 2|x||y| + y 2
2x2 + 2y 2 ≥ (|x| + |y|)2
p
2x2 + 2y 2 ≥ |x| + |y|
√
2|z| ≥ |Re z| + |Im z|