Computer

Hardware
IT in Radiography | RHC 3042
 Learning
Outcomes
Upon the completion of the
session, students will be able
to:

1. Classify computer hardware.

2. Identify the input and output
technology.
3. Describe the CPU, computer
memory & data storage.
 Definition
• A computer is an electronic
device, operating under the
control of instructions stored
in its own memory.
• A machine that can be
programmed to accept data
(input), process it into useful
information (output), and
store it away (in a secondary
storage device) for
safekeeping or later reuse.
 Classification

Super Mini Micro

Mainframe
computer Computer Computer
 Supercomputer
• The most powerful computers
in terms of performance and
data processing.
• Used by large organization to
do specialized .
• Usually used for:
o Space Exploration
o Earthquake studies
o Weather Forecasting
o Nuclear weapons testing
 Mainframe
• Process and store large
amount of data.
• Usually used at:
o Banks: to store data
about customers.
o Educational
institutions: to store
data about students
record
o insurance
companies: to store
data about insurance
policy holders.
Minicomputer
• These computers are
not designed for a
single user.
• Used for specific
purposes.
• For example, a
production
department can use
Mini-computers for
monitoring certain
production process
Microcomputer

• Widely used & the

fastest growing
computers.
• These computers are
the cheapest among
the other three types
of computers
• Specially designed for
general usage like
entertainment,
education and work
purposes
Computer Basic Operation
 • Input: Any data and
instructions entered
the memory of a
computer
• Instructions can be
entered into the
computer in the
form of programs,
commands, and user
Input responses.

Devices • An input device is

any hardware
component that
allows users to enter
data and
instructions into a
computer
 Mouse Joy stick

Input

Touch pad Keyboard

 Video
Recorder

Touch screen
Audio
Recorder

Input
Barcode Optical Mark
Reader Recognition

Input
Scanner

Biometric devices
 • Output is data that
has been processed
into a useful form

Output • An output device is

any type of hardware
Devices component that
conveys information to
one or more people
Output Devices

Printer

Monitor

Interactive Whiteboard

Speaker 15
Projector
 The system unit is a
System case that contains
electronic components
Unit of the computer used
to process data.
The System Unit
The inside of the system unit on a desktop
personal computer includes:
Motherboard
Processor
Processor
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit (CU) (ALU)
• The control unit is the • The arithmetic logic
component of the unit (ALU) performs
processor that directs arithmetic, comparison,
and coordinates most of and other operations.
the operations in the
computer.

20
Processor

21
 Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that
store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data

22
Storage Devices
• Storage holds data,
instructions, and
information for future use.
• A storage medium is the
physical material on which a
computer keeps data,
instructions, and
information
Storage Devices

Hard disk
Optical Disk

Thumb Drive

External Hard disk Flash Drive

 Storage Devices

Tape & Tape Drive

Magnetic Card

Microfilm
 Cloud Storage
Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides
storage to computer users

26
 Conclusion

The computer needs to

operate based on four In order for these four
operations: operations to run
• Input operations smoothly they must be
• Process operations supported by the
• Output operations relevant equipment.
• Storage operations