10 5 Fig. 5.1 shows two loudspeakers S and T connected to a signal generator, emitting sound of a single frequency but with different amplitudes. A person walks in the direction from O to @. The line OQis at a distance D from the loudspeakers. not to scale Fig. 5.1 ‘The sound waves emitted individually by $ and T have displacements x, and x, at the point P. Fig. 5.2 shows the variation with time t of each of these displacements. Note that the amplitude of the wave from T is twice that of the wave from S. wave from $ 2.0. x9/um -2.0- wave from T 0: Fig. 5.2 {@) Explain whether or not the two waves are coherent. att"1 {b) Explain why the sound heard at P will be of minimum but not zero intensity. [2] (c) State the phase difference between the oscillation at time A, labelled on the t-axis of the x5 against tcurve in Fig. 5.2, and the oscillation @ atime eevee (i) attimec 2 (4) (i) Calculate the wavelength 2 of the sound waves emitted from the loudspeakers. speed of sound in 340ms* m [3] (ii) Maximum intensity of sound is heard at point O. The loudspeakers are 0.40m apart and the distance OP is 2.4m. P is the position of the first minimum. Caloulate the distance D trom the loudspeakers to the line OQ. Assume that the equation used for the interference of light from a double-siit also applies for the sound from these ‘two loudspeakers. econo Turn over12 (©) @ Explain the term intensity. {1 (ii) The intensity of the sound at point P, the minimum, is 4.0 x 10-°Wmr. Use data from Fig. 5.2 to calculate the maximum intensity of sound, at point O. maximum intensity = ...... - Wer [3] [Total: 15] Question 6 begins on page 1410 4 (a) (Explain what is meant by a progressive wave. (ii) State two differences between a progressive and a stationary wave. 1 [2] (b) Fig. 4.1 shows, at time t= 0, the shape of a section of stretched cord along which a transverse wave is travelling from left to right. W, X, Y and Z are four marked points on the cord. Fig. 4.1 ‘A mechanical oscillator is causing the wave by oscillating the end of the cord at a steady frequency of 5.0Hz. The wave has a wavelength of 0.60m and amplitude of 0.030m. (i) On the axes of Fig. 4.2 sketch the graph of the displacement of point X over the period t= 010 0.408. Add suitable scales to the axes. (4) displacement/m tls Fig. 4.2 eon" (il) State which of the points W, X, Y and Z at t= 0 1 is instantaneously at rest .nnnnnnnene 2 has the greatest speed ... 3 are moving 90° out of phase with each other. (iii) On Fig. 4.1 draw arrows to show the directions in which the points Y and Z are moving. (2) (©) The speed vof the wave on the stretched cord is given by the formula veKVT Where T is the tension in the cord and kis a constant. Calculate the wavelength 4 of the wave after the tension in the cord has been quadrupled (4) but the frequency of oscillation is unchanged. a weseererneneM [2] (@)_ The speed of point W on the cord at t= 0 is 0.94ms~1. With the cord at its original tension, the frequency of oscillation is now doubled to 10Hz. The amplitude is kept at 0.030m. Calculate the new speed of point W at t= 0. Explain your reasoning. SPCC = eresenrnsnsMS [2] [Total: 17] eockans Turn over12 5 This question is about the superposition of electromagnetic waves. (@) (i) State the principle of superposition of waves. (ii) State one property of electromagnetic waves that distinguishes them from all other waves. .. (1 (lil) "State why electromagnetic waves can be polarised but sound waves cannot be polarised. eit) (b) In Fig. 5.1 7, and T, are two adjacent transmitters 1.0m apart with a receiving aerial R halfway between them. The transmitters are set up to emit coherent electromagnetic waves of wavelength 3.0cm. Fig. 5.113 ‘The student finds that the signal at the receiver R falls from maximum to zero when R is moved 0.75¢m towards a transmitter. Explain this observation. In your answer you should make clear how the signal can be zero and why the distance moved should be 0.75cm. ae pee nas IA (ii) With R at the mid-point between T, and T,, the student rotates T, through 90° about an axis through T, and T,. See Fig. 5.2. The student finds that the amplitude of the signal at R falls to about one halt. The detected signal now remains the same when R is moved 0.75cm. Explain these observations, (Total: 11] Turn over