B.Tech 7th Semester Exam.

, 2023 code:102702
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
Time: 3hours Full Marks:70
Instructions:
(i) The marks are indicated in right hand margin.
(ii) there are NINE questions in the paper.
(iii) Attempt FIVE questions in all.
(iv) Question No. 1 is compulsory.
(v) Use of steam table, refrigerant table and psychrometric chart is allowed.

1. Choose the correct answer of the following (any seven): (7×2=14)

a) Subcooling is a process of cooling the refrigerant in vapour compression refrigeration
system
(i) Before compression
(ii) After compression
(iii) Before throttling
(iv) After throttling
b) One tonne of refrigeration is equal to
(i) 3.5 kJ/min
(ii) 210 kJ/min
(iii) 50 kJ/min
(iv) 4.2kJ/min
c) In the window air conditioner, the expansion device used is
(i) Capillary tube
(ii) Thermostatic expansion valve
(iii) Automatic expansion valve
(iv) Float vale
d) Refrigerant vapor enters into the compressor of a standard vapor compression cycle at-
10℃ (h=402kJ/kg) and leaves the compression at 50℃ (h=432kJ/kg). It leaves the
condenser at 30℃ (h=237kJ/kg). The COP of the cycle is:
(i) 4.5
(ii) 5
(iii) 5.5
(iv) 6
e) A reversed Carnot cycle refrigerator maintains a temperature of -5℃. The ambient air
temperature is 35℃. The heat gained by the refrigerator at a continuous rate is 2.5kJ/s.
The power (in watt) required to pump this heat out continuously is:
(i) 373.13
(ii) 273.21
(iii) 263.72
(iv) 291.44
f) In a vapour compression refrigeration system, throttle valve is used in place of an
expander because
(i) It considerably reduces the system weight
(ii) It improves the COP, as condenser is small
 (iii) Positive work in isentropic expansion of liquid is very small
(iv) It leads to significant cost reduction
g) The ozone-friendly refrigerant R-34a contains
(i) One chlorine atom
(ii) Two chlorine atoms
(iii) Four chlorine atoms
(iv) No chlorine atom
h) For air at a given temperature, as the relative humidity in increased isothermally,
(i) For wet bulb temperature and specific enthalpy increase
(ii) The wet bulb temperature and specific enthalpy decrease
(iii) The wet bulb temperature increases and specific enthalpy decreases
(iv) The wet bulb temperature decreases and specific enthalpy increases
i) For air with a relative humidity of 80%
(i) The dry bulb temperature is less than the wet bulb temperature
(ii) The dew point temperature is less than wet bulb temperature
(iii) The dew point and wet bulb temperature are equal
(iv) The dry bulb and dew point temperature are equal
j) Which of the following refrigerants has the lowest boiling point?
(i) Ammonia
(ii) Carbon dioxide
(iii) Sulphur dioxide
(iv) R-22
2. A boot-strap cooling system of 10 TR capacity is used in an aeroplane. The ambient air
temperature and pressure are 20 0C and 0.85 bar respectively. The pressure of air increases from
0.85 bar to 1 bar due to ramming action of air. The pressure of air discharged from the main
compressor is 3 bar. The discharge pressure of air from the auxiliary compressor is 4 bar. The
isentropic efficiency of each of the compressor is 80%, while that of turbine is 85%. 50% of
the enthalpy of air discharged from the main compressor is removed in the first heat exchanger
and 30% of the enthalpy of air discharged from the auxiliary compressor is removed in the
second heat exchanger using rammed air. Assuming ramming action to be isentropic, the
required cabin pressure of 0.9 bar and temperature of the air leaving the cabin not more than
20°C.The power required to operate the system and the C.O.P. of the system. Draw the
schematic and temperature -entropy diagram of the system. Take 𝛾 = 1.4 and c = 1 kj/kg K.
14
3.
a) A refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle operates between pressure limits of 1.05
bar and 8.5 bar. Air is drawn from the cold chamber at 10°C, compressed and then it is
cooled to 30°C before entering the expansion cylinder. The expansion and compression
follow the law pv1.3 =constant. Determine the theoretical C.O.P. of the system. 7
b) Derive an expression for COP of Reversed Brayton cycle in terms of pressure ratio and
ratio of specific heat. 7
4.
a) Merits and demerits of this vapour compression refrigeration cycle over air
refrigeration system 3
b) Use of Flash chamber & Accumulator in vapour compression refrigeration cycle 4
c) A water cooler using R-12 works on the condensing and evaporating temperatures of
26°C and 2°C respectively. The vapour leaves the evaporator saturated and dry. The
average output of cold water is 100 kg/h cooled from 26°C to 6°C. Allowing 20% of
useful heat into water cooler and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor as 80%
and mechanical efficiency of the compressor and the electric motor as 85% and 95%
respectively, find volumetric displacement of the compressor; and power of the motor.
 7
5.
a) Explain Vapor compression refrigeration cycle with line diagram. Draw T-S, P-h and
h-s graphs for the cycle. 4
b) What are the effects on Refrigerating effect, work input to the compressor, COP,
Volumetric efficiency for Vapor compression refrigeration cycle with 3
(i) Increase in Condenser Pressure
(ii) Decrease in evaporator Pressure
(iii) Superheated vapor at inlet to compressor
c) A refrigeration system of 10.5 tonnes capacity at an evaporator temperature of-12°C
and condenser temperature of 27 oC is needed in a food storage locker. The refrigerant
ammonia is subcooled by 6°C before entering the expansion valve. The vapour is 0.95
dry as it leaves the evaporator coil. The compression in the compressor is isentropic.
Find: Condition of vapour at outlet of the compressor; Condition of vapour at entrance
to the evaporator; C.O.P.; and Power required in kW. Neglect valve throttling and
clearance effect. 7
6.
a) Draw a line diagram for vapour absorption refrigeration system. Mention its advantages
over vapor compression cycle. Also Derive an expression for COP in terms of
Generator temperature, Condenser temperature and Evaporator temperature. 8

b) Explain any two in details: 6

(i) Electrolux refrigerator
(ii) Cascade refrigeration system
(iii) Steam jet refrigeration system
7.
a) What are Refrigerants and classify different types of Refrigerants 3
b) What are the Physical, chemical and thermodynamics properties of refrigerants 5
c) Write the equation for compressor work in terms of pressure ratio. Also, Derive the
expression for Volumetric efficiency of reciprocating compressor. 6
8.
a) The following data refer to air conditioning of a public hall: Outdoor conditions 40° C
DBT, 20° C WBT Required comfort conditions = 20° C DBT, 50% RH Seating
capacity of hall =1000 Amount of outdoor air supplied =0.3 m3/min/person If the
required condition is achieved first by adiabatic humidifying and then cooling, find:
The capacity of the cooling coil and surface temperature of the coil if the by-pass factor
is 0.25 and the capacity of the humidifier and its efficiency.
8
b) Write the short notes on any Two of the following: 6
(i) Equipment Used in an Air Conditioning System
(ii) Effective Room Sensible Heat Factor
(iii) Effective temperature in air conditioning system
(iv) Comfort Zone and Comfort Chart
9. Write the short notes on any four of the following: 14
a) Wet bulb, dew point & dry bulb temperatures
b) Specific humidity, humidity ratio, relative humidity
c) Psychometric processes
d) Evaporative cooling and air washers
e) Cooling towers and evaporative condensers