RONALD BRYAN B.

PALO

4-BSECE-A

June 23, 2011

ENERGY CONVERSION A. Electrical Machinery Generalization 1. Rotary Electrical Machines

a stator having a hollow stator body and a plurality of stator teeth projecting radically inwardly from the stator body, said teeth being separated by a plurality of grooves; a plurality of stator coils, each stator coil being wrapped around a corresponding tooth; an electric insulating groove liner interposed between each coil and adjacent stator teeth and body surfaces; and a plurality of heat conducting plates, each plate conducting heat from at least one of the coils to the stator body; and a rotor rotatable within the stator. Widely use for purpose of converting energy from form to another. These are classifieds into two types, the generators and the motors. In the generator, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy while in the motor, the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. Other types not used so often are the rotary converters and frequency converters.

2. Armature Windings These are always wound on laminated steel cores of good magnetic permeability. The current in the armature windings of all motors and generators, whether of direct or alternating current, is always alternating. Alternating voltages are always generated in the windings of a-c and d-c generators; in the a-c generators, the general alternating emf is transmitted directly to the load while in the d-c generator, the generated alternating emf is first rectified by a commutator and its brushes, that is changed to direct current before it is transmitted to the load. 3.Field Poles These are also called field poles that are used in all d-c generators and motors, in a-c generators, and in one type of a-c motor 4.Types of DC Genelow vrator 5.Voltage characteristics of DC Generator The voltage behaviour with respect to loading is the most important characteristic of a generator. When the armature of a machine is delivering no current to a consuming device, it is said to be operating at no load; it will, of course, be sending a comparatively low value of current into its own shunt field if it is a self-excited shunt generator. If a shunt generator operating at a full load

is at a given voltage and the load is suddenly removed so that the machine is operating at no load, the voltage will always rise above the full load value. 6. Speed of DC Generators 7.Types and Characteristics of DC motor 8. Starting DC Motors The starting period is an extremely difficult period in the dc operation. Since the armature current is usually much higher than normal during the starting period, an external resistance must be added to limit the current in the armature circuit, where the current must pass between brush and commutator and where the serious effects of poor commutations are likely to result. When a motor accelerates, the armature generates an opposing voltage called a counter electromotive force, and in doing so causes the current to fall. 9. Commutating Poles for DC Machines When current between brushes and commutator in a dc machine, the ends of the coils joined to commutator segments that are bridged by the brushes are short circuited. Since the coils are short-circuited with an extremely low value of resistance, it is essential that its generated voltage be zero