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Summary
Due to the ever growing of the number of people in the world and
the diminishing area of agricultural lands in addition to the reduction of
the genetic resources badly needed for availing of new varieties that have
better qualities and high yields ; it becomes essential to surpass the
traditional breeding methods used in agriculture production and
introduction of non-conventional methods that are efficient in dealing
with environmental stresses, control of pest and diseases and control of
weeds in agricultural fields.
Scientific research has lead to new technologies that use living
organisms or part of it in order to change or develop agricultural crops
that will substantially improve the total crop yield, in short period of time
compared with the traditional methods.
The work on genetically modified crops focused on crops that
tolerate herbicides, followed by those that tolerate pests and diseases or
both. The main crops that has been improved by means of genetic
engineering are Soya bean, maize, cotton and canola, arranged in a
descend manner with respect to the cultivated areas al over the world. The
total area of such genetically modified crops reached 90 million hectares
in the year 2005 with a total value of 24 billion dollars.
Since the technology of genetically modified crops is at initial era,
lots of information is not known yet on its effect on the environment and
the heath of human-beings and animals. Thus it is essential to take
precautionary steps to protect the environment from expected harmful
effects of such products, by setting of policies, legislations and
administrative systems that ensure safety of genetically modified food.
The majority of the Arab countries showed great interest in
genetically modified products, but the level of interest vary greatly from
one country to another, depending on the availability of qualified cadres,
equipped laboratories, suitable legislations, policies, and available funds.
This study comprises three main chapters that discussed the actual
crop area and type of crops that have been subjected to genetic
modification in the world and the leading countries in this field. It also
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