Scribd
Upload
771 views5 pages

Z Test

The document describes how to perform a z-test for hypothesis testing of a population mean when the population standard deviation is known. It provides the steps to 1) frame the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) choose a significance level, 3) calculate the z-test statistic, 4) determine the critical region based on the alternative hypothesis, 5) make a conclusion by comparing the calculated z-value to the critical value. It also provides an example problem testing if a new teaching method increased average test scores based on sample data.

Uploaded by

Abhijeet Thamake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
771 views5 pages

Z Test

The document describes how to perform a z-test for hypothesis testing of a population mean when the population standard deviation is known. It provides the steps to 1) frame the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) choose a significance level, 3) calculate the z-test statistic, 4) determine the critical region based on the alternative hypothesis, 5) make a conclusion by comparing the calculated z-value to the critical value. It also provides an example problem testing if a new teaching method increased average test scores based on sample data.

Uploaded by

Abhijeet Thamake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Z-test Introduction: Introduces the topic of Z-tests in statistics, setting the stage for hypothesis testing applications.
  • Hypothesis Testing of Population Mean: Describes the hypothesis testing procedure for population mean when standard deviation is known, including hypotheses and critical region.
  • Z-Test Example: Presents a practical example of applying Z-test to determine increase in average scores under a new teaching method.
  • Practice Questions: Offers practice questions related to hypothesis testing and application of Z-test principles.

Topic: Z-test

Hypothesis Testing of population mean ( when σ is known)


Suppose a population has mean µ which is unknown and standard
deviation σ which is known. A large sample of size n>30 is selected from the
population and sample mean 𝑋ത is calculated. So the testing procedure used for
this kind of information is called Z-test for testing a specified value of µ i.e. 𝜇0 .
The test procedure for Z-test is given below
Procedure:
1. We frame the null and alternative hypothesis. Three different forms of null and
alternative hypothesis are possible which are:
a) 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0
b) 𝐻0 : 𝜇 ≤ 𝜇0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 𝜇0
c) 𝐻0 : 𝜇 ≥ 𝜇0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 𝜇0
2. Level of significance α is decided that can be 1%, 5% and 10%
ത 0
𝑋−𝜇
3. Test Statistics 𝑍=
𝜎/ 𝑛
4. Critical Region
It depends upon alternative hypothesis
If 𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0 than 𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 ≥ 𝑍𝛼Τ2 or (𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 > 𝑍𝛼 and −𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 < −𝑍𝛼 )
If 𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 𝜇0 than 𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 > 𝑍𝛼
If 𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 𝜇0 than 𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 < −𝑍𝛼
Table that can be use to take the tabulated value at different alpha’s is given
below:

α Two sided (α/2) One sided right One sided left


(α) (-α)
0.10 (10%) -1.645 and +1.645 1.282 -1.282
0.05 (5%) -1.96 and 1.96 1.645 -1.645
0.02 (2%) -2.326 and 2.326 2.054 -2.054
0.01 (1%) -2.575 and 2.575 2.326 -2.326

5. Calculation
Put all the information test statistics and get the results
6. Conclusion
If the calculated value of Z falls in the critical region than we say
that our null hypothesis is rejected under and the provided information and
conclude that the selected value is not the correct estimate about population
mean.
Question 1
Past records show that the average score of students in statistics is 57
with standard deviation 10. A new method of teaching is employed and a
random sample of 70 student is selected. The sample average is 60. can we
conclude on the basis of these results, at 5% level of significance, that the
average score has increased?

Solution
1. Null hypothesis: 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 57 Alternative hypothesis: 𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 57
2. Level of significance: α = 0.05
ത 0
𝑋−𝜇
3. Test statistics: 𝑍=
𝜎/ 𝑛
4. Critical region: Zcal > 𝑍0.05 = 1.645
2.51>1.645
1. Calculation: Here 𝑛 = 70, 𝑋ത = 60, 𝜇0 = 57 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 10

60−57 3
𝑍= = 70 = 2.51
10/ 70 10
6. Conclusion: Since the calculated value of Z = 2.51 falls in the
critical region. So under the provided information our null hypothesis is rejected
and we conclude that the average score has increased.
Practice Questions:
Q 1. Ten dry cells were taken from store and voltage test gave the following
results: 1.52, 1.53, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47, 1.49, 1.51, 1.50, 1.45, 1.46 volts. The mean
voltage of the cells when stored was 1.51 volts. Assuming the standard deviation
to remain unchanged at 0.02 volts. Is there any reason to believe that cells have
deteriorated? Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
Q 2. The heights of college male students ate known to be normally distributed
with a mean of 67.39 inches and standard deviation of 1.30 inches. A random
sample of 400 students showed a mean height of 67.47 inches. Using a 0.05 level
of significance, test the hypothesis 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 67.39 against the alternative
hypothesis: 𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 67.39
Q 3. Suppose that the variance of the IQ’s of the high school students in a certain
city is 225. a random sample of 36 students has a mean IQ of 106. if the level of
significance is chosen at 0.05, should we conclude that the IQ’s of the high school
students in the city are higher than 100?

You might also like