PROJECT REPORT ON PURE THEORY OF LAW BY HANS KELSEN SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY DR. SUFIYA AHMED SMRITI SRIVASTAVA LLM Ist SEMESTER ROLL NO. -21. INTRODUCTION ee me Re eee a 2. A SHORT NOTE ON HANS KELSEN -----.-- 3 pure Sen me aie ee --—- 4 4 many PRivclPEES UNDER Pure THEORY OF LAW----.--- # ° * Law Is anonmatve Sdence Pa pe ies hs a Sse, Guundlnorm .- < Get Bees ee PORE THEORY OF LAW AND ITS IMPLICATION UNDER SIMI ARe LEG SYSTEM) -)----.__...-----. -------- JL + Pure pacer Cl pean Dhaame 6. tt * Pure Reece of Law and Constitution of Ind8a ...----- 3 CRiTIcism OF PURE THEORY oF LAW... -. ----0.- --------!F RO EAIN ses calm oe REE ERENCES To. SS ae¢ theory of Lao is a broad theory 4 teu Heat coneplies uaith ‘set posttiucam's peindples . Us technique Qs structwal — , and. tks pe 3s to compare hend. dhe tan as St Js, ret as tt should be, More prededy , JE siffites us wotth a collection 4 core til iat co employ cohen seeking to carproben and. exhress dhe lao tr a Scientific manner, such é ag “baal apt ‘norm’, ihe . lucty Sanction and. ‘oputation’ We ie ie that Piuse Theory’s eal fs to create the theoretical oe fou otux tepal disciplines Uke Contract- Lao, Constititfona’l law , oe oe , Companitivce Las, and. £0 op Hans Kelsen, a wsenowneol Austrian Lawyer, and. Piilose her Pespesed othe concebt ¢ Pune ey ale: At dhe duun q the twentieth, epeny , Kelsen fie own long cameer ab a Tegal tink .Tracittton cil Tepal iilosophure ane hopelessly Aalnted., —s ” Kelsen, tai pelitizal Seteslepy- and wy on the one hand, ancl eforts tr seduce the Taw tp natal ou sodal sciences on the athw. Both these sxeduchionist Unitiatves ante proven to be commend detective y him . Instead , Kelsen pasposed a pase hy ¢ tao that avoided eduction ism . kelsen's oe claims that ushen natural lao contains a? politics » a othe: acteu8, dhe sno need do explain SL. He felt that potential a sedlegy ox any factax. should be semoved. trom ee the be ou Natwal lao. Asa weswlk, ee ten20 os he Pane oor 7 Law.professor at Viewna Univerty. He serveol ax a ae En Austria Supreme Conde from 1920 to 1930. He (PN stelocated. . and, Sn (940, to dhe United. States , Lshise he became a Professor of Law at es” Wiuoittes . ay was an emeritus Protessex potitécal Sdence ak oe Uniuly of Calton. » vitoe fe devel Ale Poe Theory of Law in the Twenfetp, ee ushich Pique Tnterattonal aitent¥on . Kelsan ds the author a number of beoks , a the Austrian Consfitsfon (1920) , Grentxal. Theory i and State (145) , The a reo'y of Lao (1934) reviseol. (a60) . Biiniples of Intemational Lao (1968) , what Qs Test ce (1987) 3 and others. Kelsen has Sheadtachy oueected junfst elfors -touSden “he safe of puiisprudence ty Gndude the socal sciences , and he has steadtfastly cambeiineol fox theSehovation ae trom metabhysies , politics » cind. sodledy Kelsen 2s noted fou his most ererey positive Taso a Hes pune Tao theory 3 Se founded on Tole Tt 3s normative 2n character and tee at Entluence! q the other “eng q sthe world , Peucticulasily hab dhe sodal sdences . Tn the fell lo philosop Hans Kélsen’s feos wean a ls point: steference , Kelsen's Impact coy shll be felt I -al tao, Intemational Taw, Be lap , pustice concerns 5 ge and. politics . A unre pi Ss ako fs extra ~ A chtluences ¢ ay) ae Hans Kelsen believed Bn and promoteal. a Theory tbat was tree of ony ecbra. a” se such as ec 036 > prlefes , ethias ,and 2 90. Kelsen quickly dlecduced. that law belongs ato the tuman sdences rather ~than ~Yhe scienfife sciences. a dp Kélsen , “the ume aes Lao Za 80 pomed bemuse St elatinly- describes the lao and strizes to exdude e 7 chat Esnt oe legal trom the object / tis ducihHfon ; ais goal Je ib tee ue sdlences alien components _ On the basis he Glements, Kélsen Stated ~fhat- 435 alk as use. Fox ee a ag! between “aro anol fact. Secand SE disfroutshes behoeen morale anal ‘tau. Kelsen's uiew go counter to the notion d puecedents , ustich states that legal Sdens eS a cases being deAded. Kelsen’*s pase oy dees nat ere the stealifies 6) steal- world. Lega ystems . Kelzen’s Fae el oy of Low aunedl ee aaa ou brdan checks binky ey Yat Ss fawely legal. Pop oa (sal slardfelak-, the Taw 3s a standaxd, no an eprtaa letuitis theory 2s to minimize the chaos and unity among the sodiety « ey cto Kélsén , Law Js concemedl cath the effiency 1 norms. kelsen say that Law sheild be dynarke , 2 sheutd constant aa aith ~the ae heeds 7 Sedety , but the oar shoutd be Intluencecl oY seme -tandamenta. norm ee rel In natue , which he termed a3 Garandnorm - Saal do kelsen , 2 * pame “theory 7 Ta” Js ene that 3s —— concemed uit the oat Rootiledge Hat deals ith law, in < eee = fling tothe subject matter of Taso. According ab Kelsen , ey 4 Tao must cleal with he lao as Bt Be wpsitten , not as X% should be . The he ‘Li acerdng “h Kelsen , shoud be constolent. Te ugh to be appropriate at all fimes ancl In abl locations. Kelsen’s Jolea has a tatde weange Ve wamificadions . State, Soveretgnt Givake and_pustic Law ; ep petal ’ pdght and obligation, « Z| Srternatonal tuo axe all courned. Kelsen alto cfistinquishes betroeen ae ee and Bebosition of Strence . He aoa Pussposition 7 la deals wath aed ato happen , a ae siene deals coh ushat as cee to habben . Tn Kelsen’s toords meNaresin! reverts. clascnibes. ibe ae Js ae tp Pirdple of casualty > whens os 7 fgeidescnbes St ee b the princple i Perm ttatty. g. Pure Theory_ot claw Zap os a. normative Sdence 2s a normative By “normative scence’ accoraling by kelsen > ek Tegal orms can be Seheiated trom StientifBe norms , * SSerce aceorling -b Kelsen , 3e a trm of krecle geOrgantsecl axtoundl Topical fds A norm, according Ap Kélsen, Is a suile that pascribes a Shecit& behautow . He makes a distinction hetioeen legat and. rnoral suubes . He sald +that- a moral Standlaud just states "hak & person should do eu net do,” but a Gs norm stakeg shat Léa passer UBlates the norm, he would be penalised. by he slate haso ds chal. trern pols oy ’ Prtcxbhy » and all otheus sees eed sdences, eee. 7 do Keélsen, an eae og must be pune , that Le legally ae and huefere not selant on eetea— legal values , natwal Tao , 2 OU Cane ecternal Sowice - Geundnorm. Kélsen’s | lao featwes a pyramidal aac based. on frrdnerm as a foundational norm. (Gerundrorm Bsa Gueran terr cthot- means “fundamental norm’ He defined tas “the astumed ultimate ule by cahlehthe norms q dhits exudes ave constituted and. annulled , and aber vallifly Jo wedeued ou tost-’ The Groundnarm eetablishes the content and uuites addifenal norms that axe dudued from St. Aut ushue gets ts Ls ealamD was Suppesded! Grrundnorm & a wank ¢ Peon and pot a eed According to Kelsen , unlike seme of she ethan neums he Picea cance be echlained uy ey to certain ee Paley Taus, Instead , Jt may draw Zs lfiincy hom the tact Hat 3 has been recogalsed. , aeRnadledged. > and accebted by a cee pamber ¢ people chsiole. the political unit, Asa sewlt, the Tar cannot be seferateol tom the State's organised. struchme and. a Because the structuve 3 homative , the cancehd ot sancfons , tohlch plays a rather unk role 3n Austrian doctrine a4 the element- that makes law tunetfonal, dlepencls onthe ctber forees such as prosecutor , offidals, and. judges do undertake heir aspects 6) the normativebefore sanctions aue activated and inflicted. Uterarchy of Norms Aa Topol orev, Soh ia Kelsen , slebbant wet Bes ve dh Heruchicol Sequence , wath ene norm positioned. aboue another and each norm petty tte velit trom tha norm ateve St. The ep ordue 2s symbolised by the Hierarchy ) WhTch takes the shabe l a pyramid. Asa sesult, he last level 2s The greatest porm, known asthe Fundamental norm or (urund. Norm , Cree ushich Serues asthe foundation for all -tutuue norms. The Guund Norm the Grund Norm Bsa cormerstone of Kelsen's deol 1 be used tb determine the vallity ee norm.cme foundation of Dndfan Law can be observed Sh ad eauily as andlent ties. Ind Is popadeily Rnewn fax Sk story of varied culiane anol heittage Tn ancient Hes alt avifine of peoble of Tnatla were poured by the peincible of dharma. . Dharmals desved. rome coorol “abno which means fo sustain or held. Basle alm af dharma ds to held people sbeetter dn harorony ancl sustes selidarity. Jn other coords ancient me Orolens cae ee by Soveres of dharma Ushexe oo) coasthe custefan usho has the eo to enforce Taso juatice ay + the peancifle of dharma. abe cs was bound to overlook. that suiles that were operatecLtodin the tramework of sotbiuses « Seryptasies Justified, duifes of King stich coos called ax “rajethaser King alto had he duty to Impose Sanchiong , utheneuet Thewe oceurscedl Be desobadtence sutles of dhauma. Thus, St can be assumecl that dlerg ath eeniyone, wax alio bouncl fp the duties mentioned In dharma . Moreswer, tt 2s undlexstooel. that dharma was accebted and. ollowedl cr eusyone Se leeia supreme Tuo q the. Tand Sn ancient Himes. As discusseal eaulier, Gerundnerm 29 not laa bit presupposition , ushich selies upon he obedience ot +the pore +o the oo onde establsheol bythe Girundnorm . Ubtimately- Bt susts on accepbance the people usho wank LE ae. tink Bl saght and. Goon He says that norm ae content cath valid. pprocectiare phar St aan bucome the Tao . In Pndent Inaba Gee Por canberme ata St. 2b comp lea wath she structne of vedas that Taye Pek eae adDharma. . Sibreme Cou dn the case rf Keshavnanda Bhatt. State of Ker “ puoubeed Stra jalgemenk when cowt held. that -lundamental wights con be amendment as ar a ce comfy «oH bade Struckuxe 4 the constitution, “Thus, 3 can be conferred that, the Girundnorm ancient Tndian Socfo - oe Pore Theory of Law and Consftution of India CorstitutSon of Tria Is the supreme Sounce of Yau Sn awe coby. Corstutfin Bs accepted and. fllowaal 7 eueyene hh te country . Tt Is “he bas fe | i i order cstith can be called ae a Guundnorm ~hat valiolates lapel. eye of eux country . It 3s beLeued hat all He Lawns male shoiitel corply, cath the paincibles mentionecl, Bn the constitution, TL 326 deemed. that Gurundnorm cannok He chad. and Ut car only yo though a changewhen St ds the basis y a political sevolubion . Howeuer. , according do Article 368 ae Constitutien , Pawtiament “has the porcacx to amencl. ey the constitution fou the woelfane ¢ sey +> makch she needs 7 iw” nakton . VThe tack that- the Constitution of Tnaiia e 9; Gin be amended Srofcates that St 2s possible to deufate from Consfdion® auuthorily, Ha consttutional clause! 4b Spt feanty charged, the tauas “act fall unter 3 ‘lose their i Ha pucuision Constitution Bs repealed , “the seault ill be the same. Asa stesull, calling the Consfitutlon the Girundlnorm Zs Incorrect. | Given he background. , the Girundnorm In India shoritel. a By hrc) shuctine 4 he baste Structure’trom the baste structune’s oleffned. norms. The Suputions d Consfitufon , Tndia as a Sovereign » Sochelist, Seculax , democratic , wrehublic a 2 the freamble and a welhane State, the fedwal characker q the Constitutfon . the eM and. ee qd he cae Sebxatfon posers between tho [eptslatune, the executive , ancl the paste y ancl Reset JIT PM sewn ie. Rurclamental, Byte ase Some fte majou teakures ehh basie One can alae seler sto the puddle consftufenal morality, uskich mentions that ene Ze a hb follocs norma ag mentidned. En fhe constitution Val Beez Constitution tp be supreme . Tt says there must not be achion hat Ss ee anol thes, vislates ~the le Tawo tand.. Ths approach coag explained tn Naz Foundatton v. Growmnment of ~_ Nor Delhi ushuue crinSnaltxalion 7 Aemeserality 2. ext tr 14 (2010)crated a conflict bekoeen bass a andl. censhlube, nal ae’ such Tauss will be Unvalidated. Thus, Gerundnorm 83 seen as an Joleal method +r averel condick baseol on eah Article 37 vA athe Dnd&an Constitutfon says that) alte ‘oxas must ao the duecfue purifies pstevided Tp Fas mz as Const an anol Hy shall form the-bass a foueenance d the a: But In ey PMladras y. Smt Chambakom. _ Supreme Court curiniled past Gousnmment eucdue ancl held. that: ‘suservation ak educabsral Lnstitutfons onthe basks 6f caste ulolates tundaroental 1a Privcle 24 gee constlakep - Herein Supreme Count believed fundamental we fo be the Supreme Tao 7 the a ieee In ALK. Gughailan y. State 9 aad Supreme. Cout- hterscted “puoceduse ely ‘tao” mentioned. In Artide 21. a ss Substantive aces Puocedure Prouislenenacted Tao. Hexein, the Cowd- Trterhuted. the Taw at 2k Ss and nat as what SY gupht: to be. Reference tp Kelsen oy can also be found fn outs Smt Tholira_Guandh? y. Ray Naxain And ors” In the arse Sysadron Lead H.8, Kulshretha v. Un%on ce A a ae a at Mtoe Lis c of Trdfa , cout: pay mentioned Canstttutier Tne to be Girundnorm 6f the nation . Tt feld-thak “Pecording ao the ney, ibs eminent potest Kelsen, ee 7 hue Zs Meranchy of (ot, andthe = ey Alghest Tao 3s known as -the Constftutfonal law ex Gurundnorm of Lao. Similan statement coas pusuiclec dn anothext ed Abdu Sukwe and Anr ry. coed West Beryal and Ors, coustt mentoned. rere a CGaraundrorm got Trdian Statutes, B. AIR G4 (14F#) 6. (sit Petition No. 11829 of 1949| Pecording at Pusbratian Larpyue Taliue Stone , because-te Tiedamental norm Ys euidintly the mock Impure , the suecselng puccesses ’ pasty must Imitate the lotawe norm’s asdeSnaéin Inpurkly. Seme alse cAidse pune ey - gee nakuial lao tram Yaw anol ny JE. SSr Louterbache a. former membut ofthe Lipttedl Nations Tnternaffanal Lao Commisston and. a pei or YnternaBsnal aa: Luatice , belleucsthak Kelsen’s theory 7 natwial tow allecos fou He precedence aa law abeur state law. Ce to Dmwitcan jase Allen, the Sow+ces 7 lao such as custom , legislation > and precedent axe co-ordina and donot allan teu an Sg sone Qn kelsen’s hiemsuchtcal structuxe. Pileclman 8 objection Bs that Kéloen’s pure sikences/ laus Ie SpsullicRent In terms io theory. tau aii | cverlahfing aueat thal- tecne Formely asst gned. to othe]Social disiiplines such as Economics , Raychology and 7 or” CAkes also oe that a a oe cannot suile cuer aul-the woulda ro lem . 7 aannct be Vii 4 all get systems. not ssue 2s Hakan abstract man-made ae canna determine the as ramitiateons a sudden ree cannot conten carth oT: conditions anol Scenautos pasedl by the Epbilakion because oe linttedl. Kelsen yee othe ig ay, a new dimensien by ial ut to consider the oflefincken, at torll as selationship , between tack and norm, between and. Hs normative Imback. Unite tis Pucolessos y Kelsen'e affreach ecognived. the Tass 29 also Masvect ‘ Communities as cath as the IntemationalCommunit, as Tao, Kelsen's “theories axe ontftased Foy thee Loleas and Internal coherence . But, te has cautien the most- ee account : Bong legal process d century. ‘vb. Mahajan *s Tiudispouidence and. ae (sed) ° Dr NV. Pararjape ) Studies dn Vixeis hudence anol Lepal Theary (F" Bb Ron) (2013) * www. Erdianlaxoportal. co. an * wow. Blog. ‘pleads dn Priveles_: * Hans Kelsen , uthat 23 Pure ae d hard , 34 TUL, L. REV. 269 1959- (960)